Student Name: Nurhazwani Binti Sadon

Matric No : Mc230120773
Section No: Mc-011
Lecturer’s Name: Madam Rabiha Maya Adiera Ab Rahim
Non Graded Activity Lesson 3 , Topic 4 : Cognition Learning

Identify Four (4) different types of schemas, introduced by Piaget

Schema is like a mental maps that helps us understand and know things. It's a framework or
concept in our minds. Schemas can change and adapt over time as we learn new information.
We store schemas in our long-term memory, which is built from our working memory, like
when we listen to a lecture in class.
There are four types of schemas:
1. Person Schema: This is like a mental picture we have of a certain type of person. For
example, when we think of a "teacher," we might imagine someone who knows a lot,
is patient, and is in charge.
2. Social Schema: It's the information we already have in our heads about how to act in
social situations. For instance, you need to avoid eating peanuts you has G6PD, or to
pay before eating at a shop, and to be respectful to older people.
3. Self Schema: This is how we see ourselves based on what we observe now and what
we want to be in the future. For example, if your parents are doctors, you might want
to become a doctor too because you've seen what they do. Self-schemas help shape our
future.
4. Event Schema: It's like a set of rules for specific events or formal occasions. For
example, when attending a formal event, you know the protocols, etiquette, and what
to do or not do because you've learned it through courses or seen it on social media.
In conclusion, schemas are what we know, and sometimes we adjust them to fit the situation or
our needs. They are like mental blueprints that help us make sense of the world and guide our
actions.
Based on Ausebel’s Learning Theory, how can you teachers activate existing knowledge
when teaching English/Maths/Science or any other subject?

The Meaningful Learning Theory is attributed to David Ausubel. According to this theory,
students are considered to be the center of the teaching learning process, and the teachers are
the facilitators. Meaningful Learning occurs when the new information is related to prior
knowledge.

As a teacher, I will use a few methods to activate what students existing knowledge. First, it's
important to check what students already understand before starting a lesson. It's like making
sure you have all the right tools before building something. We can do this by talking with
students, asking some quick questions, having students make pictures or diagrams, or having
them do small tests. This helps me figure out what students already get and what they might
need help with. It also helps students see what they're good at and where they might need more
help. So, when we start learning new things in the lesson, it can be based on what all the
students already know. This makes learning better because it's like building on what students
already understand.
Another method is to use multimedia, like videos, pictures, and interactive computer activities.
This helps because some students learn better when they see or hear things. For example,
watching a video can show how something works, or looking at pictures can make a concept
clearer. When we use multimedia, it can remind students of things they already know because
they see and hear them, which makes learning easier and more fun. It's like adding colors and
sounds to a story to make it more exciting and easier to remember.
Lastly, I'll use the recall and review method. This means going over what students learned
before at the start of a new lesson. It's like going back to important parts of a story before
moving on to the next part. Doing this helps students remember what they already know, like
a little reminder. It's a bit like warming up before students start exercising. This way, the new
things students are about to learn can connect to what they already understand, making it easier
for students to learn and remember. It's like building a bridge from what students already know
to what they're going to learn next.