IETS

WasteWater Treatment
Design Project Part II
Presentaion By:
Muhammad Tsaqif (A182781)
Egi Alia (A182361)

01/10
CONTENTS

Application of Waste Minimization - SourceReduction, Reuse/Recycle,

Treatment and Disposaland comparison with the relevant regulations

Wastewater characterization and comparison withrelevant

regulations

Proposed IETS

02/10
Application of Waste Minimization

03/10
Waste minimization is the practice of reducing the amount of waste
generated, and it includes source reduction, reuse/recycle, treatment, and
disposal. Waste minimization is the preferred hazardous waste management
practice in the US, according to the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA).

The difference between waste minimization and pollution prevention is that

waste minimization refers to the reduction or elimination of hazardous waste
generation, while pollution prevention refers to source reduction of
pollutants, including those released to air, water, and land resources.

Other policy instruments for waste management include municipal waste

service charges, taxes on waste treatment and disposal, and tradable permit
schemes. These instruments aim to allocate emission or resource
exploitation rights and internalize the environmental costs of waste
treatment, promoting responsible waste management and waste reduction

04/10
Method Of Source Reduction:

Source Reduction:
This is the most environmentally preferred strategy, involving reducing the quantity
and/or toxicity of pollutants entering a waste stream before recycling, reuse, or
treatment. Common examples of source reduction include using less toxic chemicals,
reducing packaging, and redesigning products to minimize waste generation.

Reuse:
Reusing items means giving them a second life before they become waste. This can
involve donating, selling, or repurposing items that would otherwise be discarded

Recycling:
Recycling involves collecting and processing used, reused, or unused items that would
otherwise be waste

05/10
 Treatment:
When waste cannot be reduced or recycled, treatment can help reduce the volume
and toxicity of waste. Treatments can be physical (e.g., shredding), chemical (e.g.,
incineration), and biological (e.g., anaerobic digestion). Treatment is often used as a last
resort before disposal.

Disposal:
Disposal is the final stage in waste management, and it involves getting rid of waste in
an environmentally friendly manner. Modern landfills are well-engineered facilities
designed to ensure compliance with state and federal regulations. Other disposal
methods include incineration, which can help reduce waste volume but may have
environmental impacts

06/10
07/10
 WASTEWATER
CHARACTERIZATION AND
COMPARISON WITH RELEVANT
REGULATIONS

08/10
The characterization of effluent wastewater in Malaysian urban areas reveals the levels
of contaminants in the final treated wastewater from sewage treatment plants. The
Department of Environment (DOE) in Malaysia regulates the quality of wastewater
effluent through the Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009 and
Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations 2009. These regulations set
specific limits for parameters such as temperature, pH value, BOD5, COD, suspended
solids, and various heavy metals.

09/10
IETS
System should encompass stages for treating solid waste generated in manufacturing, along with efficient wastewater
treatment processes.

Methods specific to textile manufacturing waste, such as chemical treatments, filtration, or biological processes to
address organic matter.
Ensure that the proposed IETS meets regulatory standard sfor waste and wastewater treatment.
 Primary treatment

Equalization tank = An equalization tank is employed to mitigate variations in flow, hence reducing the surges and
fluctuations in wastewater discharges. Additionally, it is employed to stabilize the characteristics of wastewater, such
as its discharge, temperature, and pH.

Neutralization tank = It serves to regulate the pH level of the effluent. The textile industry frequently generates alkaline
wastewater because of utilizing chemicals like caustic soda. If this wastewater is released into the environment without
appropriate treatment, it can lead to environmental issues. The neutralization tank counteracts the alkalinity of the
wastewater by introducing an acid, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, to decrease the pH level to a more
neutral range.

Coagulation basin = The coagulation basin is an essential element of the wastewater treatment process.
Coagulation is a chemical procedure wherein coagulants, such as alum, iron salts, or polymers, are added to the
effluent. These coagulants aid in the destabilization and aggregation of suspended particles, colloids, and other
contaminants found in the wastewater, resulting in the formation of bigger flocs that may be readily eliminated

Settling tank= The settling tank's purpose is to facilitate the gravitational separation of suspended solids and other
particles from the wastewater. Sedimentation enables the physical separation of particulates from the liquid phase of
the wastewater.
Secondary treatment

Wetland Treatment System

Constructed wetlands can be utilised to purify contaminated rivers and other bodies of water. These systems are
multipurpose and can ultimately be employed to restore contaminated rivers across the nation. Among their many
other capabilities are the following: remediation of secondary sewerage, treatment of both urban and rural discharge,
management of toxicants and leachate, removal of nutrients, and recharge of groundwater.

Additionally, constructed wetlands provide habitat for wetland animals and function as a wildlife sanctuary. They can
function as a local attraction and be aesthetically appealing. Additionally, artificially created wetlands function as
educational and research facilities.
Thank You