Experiment: 4

Title of the Experiment: The heat of neutralization of solution of NaOH and HCl
1. Introduction:
According to the Beer-Lambert law, the characteristics of the medium through
which light is traveling affect how much light is attenuated. The Beer-Lambert
Law is briefly discussed on this page, along with the definitions of the terms
"absorbance" and "molar absorptivity" as they apply to UV-visible absorption
spectrometry.
For that wavelength, the amount of light entering the sample cell is likewise
measured; given the symbol, if I am less than Io, then some of the light has
been absorbed by the sample (ignoring light reflected off the cuvette surface).
The absorbance of the sample, denoted by the symbol A, is then calculated
using some straightforward maths on a computer. Two outside presumptions
affect a transition's absorption. The experiment's sample solution's
concentration (c) is directly inversely proportional to the absorbance.
The width of the cuvette (w) equals the length of the light path (l), which is
directly proportional to the absorbance.

2. Apparatus and Chemicals:

o water
o NaOH
o HCl
o colorimeter
o weighing balance
o beakers
o flasks
o Thermometer
o stopwatch
o pipette
3. Safety Information:
Personal protective equipment (PPE): To protect your skin and eyes from contact
with sodium hydroxide, always wear the proper PPE, such as gloves, eye
protection (safety glasses or goggles), and a lab coat or apron.
Ventilation: When heated or combined with other chemicals, sodium hydroxide
can emit hazardous vapors. Always work in a space that is well-ventilated, ideally
with a fume hood or some local exhaust ventilation system.
Handling: Sodium hydroxide should be handled with caution as it can result in
serious burns and harm to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. To handle the
substance, always use the correct instruments, such as pipettes, tongs, or scoops.
Storage: Sodium hydroxide should be kept away from other chemicals, acids, and
combustible materials in a cold, dry place with good ventilation.
4. Experimental Setup:
o First, weigh the colorimeter in the weighing balance and note down its
weight as m1
o Then add water and check the initial temperature carefully T1.
o After recording the temperature tilt the cover.
o Then add 1 gram of potassium nitrate in the colorimeter and stir it with the
thermometer constantly and record the temperature after every 10
seconds until it gets constant and note it down as T2.
o Then weigh the solution and note down it as m2.
5. Experiment Findings:
The molar absorptivity follows the principles of the Beer-Lambert law and is
expressed by:
A = Ɛxbxc
A is the absorbance of the sample component
Ɛ is a wavelength-dependent absorption coefficient
b is the cell path length
c is the cell path length
The absorbance of the sample component =
Wavelength-dependent absorption coefficient =
Cell path length =
= (10(187.5* 0.38) + 10(101.5 * 4.18))*50/1000
=98.73 KJmol-1
6. Conclusion:
The heat of the solution calculated is 98.73KJ/mol
7. Possible errors and their mitigation:
Use of soiled cuvettes, improperly blended solutions, poor pipetting skills, and the
use of the wrong light source or wavelength are common reasons for inaccuracy.
8. Application of this activity to real-world problem
Practical application for molar absorptivity is in the world of medical imaging and
non-destructive examination. Both of these fields involve the use of X-rays, MRI,
and other types of scans. The basic principle on which all of these methods work
is that of absorptivity.
Beer-Lambert law relates the attenuation of light to the material's properties
through which the light travels. Beer-Lambert law is applied to chemical analysis
measurements.