Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Группа 92-ЭД
Белгород 2023
Thanksgiving Day is an official public holiday, starting with the winter holidays season.
In the United States it is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November, and in Canada
- on the second Monday of October. Because the history of this holiday in America and
Canada is different.
Several days of Thanksgiving were held in early New England history that have been
identified as the "First Thanksgiving", including Pilgrim holidays in Plymouth in 1621
and 1623, and a Puritan holiday in Boston in 1631. According to historian Jeremy
Bangs, director of the Leiden American Pilgrim Museum, the Pilgrims may have been
influenced by watching the annual services of Thanksgiving for the relief of the siege
of Leiden in 1574, while they were staying in Leiden. Now called
Oktoberfeest, Leiden's autumn thanksgiving celebration in 1617 was the occasion for
sectarian disturbance that appears to have accelerated the pilgrims' plans to emigrate to
America.
Later in New England, religious thanksgiving services were declared by civil leaders
such as Governor Bradford, who planned the Plymouth colony's thanksgiving
celebration and feast in 1623. Bradford issued a proclamation of Thanksgiving
following victory in the Pequot War in the late 1630s to celebrate "the bloody victory,
thanking God that the battle had been won." The practice of holding an annual
thanksgiving harvest festival did not become a regular affair in New England until the
late 1660s.
Antecedents for Canadian Thanksgiving are also sometimes traced to the French
settlers who came to New France in the 17th century, who celebrated their successful
harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the end of the harvest
season. They continued throughout the winter season, even sharing food with the
indigenous peoples of the area.
As settlers arrived in Nova Scotia from New England after 1700, late autumn
Thanksgiving celebrations became commonplace. New immigrants into the country
such as the Irish, Scottish, and Germans also added their own traditions to the harvest
celebrations. Most of the U.S. aspects of Thanksgiving (such as the turkey) were
incorporated when United Empire Loyalists began to flee from the United States during
and after the American Revolution and settled in Canada.
Social life
On Thanksgiving, most government agencies and private firms close. Firm owners
often give their staff a four-day holiday so that each employee can spend the holiday
with his or her family, no matter how far away his or her relatives are. Therefore, on the
Friday after Thanksgiving, many facilities may also be closed and the time schedule
may change to accommodate the increased flow of passengers.
Charity
On Thanksgiving, many see it as their duty to help the underprivileged. On this day, it
is customary to help in shelters for the homeless, donate money to the poor and try
other ways to facilitate the life of the needy.
Celebratory lunch
On Thanksgiving, all members of the family gather for a meal. Preparation of
traditional festive dishes takes a great place in the cultural tradition of the celebration.
Often the whole family cooks treats the day before the festival, because the holiday
menu is usually very extensive and portions are huge.
On the very first Thanksgiving Day in 1621, the festive table included turkey,
waterfowl, venison, fish, lobsters, clams, berries, fruits and pumpkin.
And still, many people try to stick to tradition and serve the dishes that the pilgrims and
vampanoags enjoyed. The festive dinner consists of fried turkey, mashed potatoes,
cranberry sauce, meat gravy from turkey juice, corn bread, pumpkin pie and other
vegetables, fruits and nuts.
The turkey is usually baked, although deep-fry is becoming increasingly popular. In
addition to the turkey on the table can serve goose or duck - dishes of European cuisine,
the tradition of serving which on the holiday table retained later settlers from Europe.
Potables
Among the drinks on the festive table there is often apple cider (both sparkling and
«quiet»), as well as the beaujole of the new harvest, because the holiday of young wine
«Day of Beaujolais» precedes Thanksgiving Day.
История и традиции проведения Дня благодарения в США
и Канаде.
Общественная жизнь
В День благодарения большинство правительственных учреждений и частных
фирм закрываются. Владельцы фирм зачастую устраивают своему персоналу
своеобразные четырехдневные каникулы, чтобы каждый сотрудник смог провести
праздник в кругу семьи, как далеко бы ни находились его родственники. Поэтому
в пятницу после Дня благодарения многие учреждения также могут быть
закрыты, а расписание движения транспорта может меняться в связи с
необходимостью обслуживания возросшего потока пассажиров.
Помилование индейки
Каждый год в День благодарения президент США получает в дар живую индейку
(вместе с индейкой-дублером, которая исполняет роль «запасного игрока» на тот
случай, если «главная» индейка куда-то запропастится). На специальной
церемонии в Белом доме президент традиционно «милует» индеек, после чего
они мирно доживают свои дни на ферме.
Благотворительность
В День благодарения многие считают своей обязанностью помочь обездоленным.
В этот день принято помогать в приютах для бездомных, жертвовать деньги в
пользу бедных и стараться иными способами облегчить жизнь нуждающихся.
Праздничный обед
В День благодарения все члены семьи собираются за общей трапезой.
Приготовление традиционных праздничных блюд занимает огромное место в
культурной традиции проведения праздника. Часто угощения готовит вся семья за
день до празднества, ведь праздничное меню, как правило, очень обширно и
порции огромны.
Напитки
Из напитков на праздничном столе часто присутствует яблочный сидр (как
игристый, так и «тихий»), а также божоле нового урожая, поскольку праздник
молодого вина «День божоле» предшествует Дню благодарения.
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