Holy Name University

College of Business and Accountancy

Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines
Academic Year 2023 - 2024

Jagna: A Tapestry of History, Culture, and Progress

Lara Ysabelle G. Tado

BSA - 1
I. Introduction
When prompted about my preferred dessert, Calamay immediately comes to mind.
Originating from the southern region of Bohol, the delectable treat is crafted in the
picturesque town of Jagna. Jagna, boasting 33 barangays and a population exceeding 30,000,
offers a rich historical and cultural tapestry worth exploring.

Jagna, or Hagna in its older spelling, is a third-class municipality in Bohol, exhibiting

notable advancements extending from its rural areas to the public market. The etymology of
the name Hagna is rooted in local legends saying that the initial inhabitants of the town were
migrants from Loboc, arrived in "bilos" carrying their possessions, including a depiction of
Saint Michael. They transformed the expansive valley into productive rice fields,
constructing a church where they venerated Saint Michael as their patron saint. Within this
valley flowed a modest river with a profound mouth, referred to as Bojo, signifying deep
seawater. Bojo once teemed with abundant "tigue" fish. The playful school of fish on the
water's surface resembled boiling coconut oil in a frying pan, leading observers to exclaim,
"nihagna," conveying that the oil was nearly ready. This phrase eventually evolved into
"Nihagna na," giving rise to the present designation of the town as JAGNA.

The rapid expansion of the village prompted the Spaniards to establish the town of Jagna
in the early stages of their occupation. Presently, the town continues to experience significant
growth, attracting a considerable influx of residents that contributes to increased revenue.
However, despite these developments, the comprehensive historical narrative of Jagna
remains inadequately documented. This paper aims to present the multifaceted history of
Jagna in its different aspect.

II. Important Aspect

Understanding the social, cultural, political, environmental, and economic aspects of a
municipality is crucial for grasping how it shapes different aspects of life. This importance
stems from the collaboration between the local government and the community in addressing
various town elements. Together, they have contributed to molding Jagna into its current
state.
A. Social
Understanding the social dynamics of Jagna is crucial for addressing the community's
needs. The municipality actively celebrates various demographics each year, from Children's
Month to Women's Month and Senior Citizens Month, fostering a sense of belonging for
everyone.

In terms of education, Jagna has consistently produced high-caliber board passers, thanks
to various educational institutions supporting students. During the Spanish regime, education
focused on converting people to the Christian faith, with limited resources and one teacher
handling large classes. The American occupation brought significant changes, introducing
free education and encouraging pupils to teach after completing the fourth grade. Public
schools, promoting religious freedom, contributed to improved health conditions and reduced
mortality rates.

Jagna also promotes sports through the "Jagna Inter High School Athletic Association,"
offering events for member schools. This initiative positively influences youth, guiding them
away from negative influences like alcohol and drugs. As a Catholic town, Jagna maintains
an active Parish Youth Ministry, providing religious guidance and an enjoyable environment
for the youth. The town's historical pride is evident in its old stone church, constructed
through forced labor under Fr. F. Blas (1808-1828) and completed by Fr. Ramon Masian de
Sta. Ana in 1867. The adjacent convent, completed in 1878, served as a residence and a
classroom during the Spanish regime. The seven-room stone building, once a school, now
accommodates primary classes in the public school. The church's belfry holds six bells with
inscriptions, reflecting the town's rich history and pride.

Across education, religion, programs, and events, Jagna emerges as a socially vibrant
town. In essence, Jagna is characterized by a dynamic social aspect.
B. Cultural
One of the notable projects in Jagna this year was the establishment of the Jagna
Gymnasium, now officially named the Jagna Cultural Center. Given Jagna's profound cultural
richness, this initiative has provided increased opportunities for Jagnaanons to express and
exhibit their cultural identity. The center was inaugurated during the town's fiesta week in
September 2023, a period marked by extensive celebrations in honor of the patron saint, St.
Michael the Archangel.

The opening of the Jagna Cultural Center featured a musical play titled "Tulo ka Hugna,"
narrating the story of the town's patron saint. Concurrently, the Sinu-og Estokada, a highlight
of the Jagna Fiesta celebration, showcased eight contingents from various schools in the
town. Each group presented interpretations of the battle between good, symbolized by
Archangel Michael, and evil, represented by the moors. Participating schools included Jagna
Central Elementary School, Canjulao Elementary School, Bunga Mar Elementary School,
Tubod Monte Integrated School, Lonoy Heroes Memorial High School, Malbog Elementary
School, Cantuyoc Elementary School, Balili Elementary School, Cabungaan Elementary
School, and Cantagay Elementary School. A distinctive performance by Tribu Cantagaynon
of Cantagay Elementary School depicted an underwater confrontation between St. Michael
and sea creatures embodying evil, further emphasizing the town's cultural richness. The
celebration also featured a Kuradang Contest during the Estokada, showcasing traditional
dance and highlighting the artistic and cultural values cherished by Jagna-anons.
 Several months later, an exhibition organized by students from the Central Visayan
Institute Foundation showcased the rich culture of the town through visual arts. Themed
"Bohol's Timeless Treasures: Nurturing Our Cultural Roots," this exhibition served as a
significant step for Jagna-anons to emphasize the cultural blessings and vibrant community of
the town.

The following are additional ancient traditions reportedly practiced by the Jagna-anons long
time ago:

Birth
People in the community believe that having a first-born boy brings good luck, while a
girl brings bad luck. Pregnant women are cautious about encountering "tagbanwas" (fairies)
and take measures like covering their heads with a kerchief and using "biayasong" fruit to
ward off evil spirits. During labor, various preparations are made, such as placing sweet
moling herbs under the mat and building a bonfire to deter supernatural entities. Care is taken
to place a bole under the pillow of the mother, and specific rituals are observed for the organs
delivered with the infant.

Baptism
For baptism, a godmother is chosen for girls, and a godfather for boys. The godparent
personally delivers the child after baptism, announcing the child's Christian status. Afterward,
food and drinks are served to visitors.

Courtship
In courtship, a man typically initiates contact with a woman through letters, and the
woman waits for the third letter before responding. The man undergoes trials to prove the
sincerity of his love. A woman is expected not to readily accept a man's proposal to avoid
being seen as cheap. Visits may occur at the woman's home, with conservative parents
limiting the duration. In some areas, a traditional form of courtship involves a prearranged
agreement between parents, known as "buya," resulting in limited interaction between the
couple before marriage. Another common courtship practice is "pangagad," where the man
expresses his intention to marry a certain girl through a spokesperson, with a follow-up visit
after three days.
C. Political
During the American occupation, trouble arose when an individual from Duero killed an
American sentry, leading to the burning of the entire town and the shooting of every man
encountered by the Americans. Women and children were spared, but wells near the back of
the convent and the present junction of roads were filled with corpses. Jagna-anons actively
supported Philippine freedom during this period, with insurrectos gathering at Lonoy and
engaging in outnumbered battles against the Americans. In the years 1941-1945, the Japanese
occupied Jagna, initially maintaining friendliness. However, as news of the American
liberating forces approached, the Japanese turned hostile, imprisoning civilians—especially
soldiers' relatives. The town experienced a reign of terror after the death of the puppet Mayor,
Atty. Jose Casefias, who was kidnapped and killed by guerrilleros. This period saw the
Japanese imprisoning, torturing, and bayoneting civilians, resulting in about forty deaths.

The preceding text recounts just one of the narratives from Jagna during different eras of
colonization in the Philippines. It underscores the importance of placing individuals in
governance who are genuinely dedicated to their duty and committed to the town's welfare. In
every election, Jagna maintains a strict stance against 'vote buying.' During the last Barangay
and Sangguniang Kabataan election, the Office of the municipality mayor initiated the "One
Jagna: Kontra Bigay sa Piniliay" movement. This movement holds significant importance,
especially given the prevalent attraction to money in Bohol. This tendency has been observed
not only in this year's election but also in previous years, becoming one of Jagna's strengths.

D. Environmental
Jagna stands as a bastion of abundant tourist attractions, showcasing its scenic marvels,
such as the exquisite marble beaches, picturesque landscapes, and charming parks. This town
places significant emphasis on environmental stewardship, reflecting its commitment as an
active advocate for climate change awareness.
 A notable environmental initiative undertaken by Jagna is the implementation of a "Bring
Your Own Bayong" policy, which has been in effect for several years. This policy aims to
curb the use of plastic materials by encouraging residents and visitors to bring their own
reusable bags. The Public Market enforces strict regulations against the use of plastics, and
individuals found violating the policy are subjected to fines.

This proactive approach not only serves as an innovative strategy to address the issue of
plastic waste but also fosters a community-wide commitment to sustainability. By imposing
penalties for plastic use and promoting the adoption of reusable alternatives, Jagna positions
itself as a model for environmentally conscious practices. The town's multifaceted efforts not
only contribute to the preservation of its natural beauty but also serve as a testament to its
dedication to creating a more sustainable and eco-friendly environment for both residents and
tourists alike.
E. Economic
Beyond its enchanting tourist destinations, Jagna boasts a significant economic asset in the
form of its renowned delicacy – Calamay. This sticky sweet treat has emerged as a culinary
trademark, substantially bolstering the town's economy. Calamay, a popular delicacy across
various regions in the Philippines, is crafted from a delectable combination of coconut milk,
brown sugar, and ground glutinous rice.

The name "Calamay" itself translates to sugar, signifying the sweetness that characterizes
this delectable dessert. With its origins rooted in Jagna, this town proudly holds the title of
the "Home of Original Calamay." The irresistible appeal of this sweet treat extends beyond its
local boundaries, making it a sought-after pasalubong, a perfect gift or souvenir for visitors.
The fame of Jagna's Calamay has transcended regional boundaries, captivating the taste buds
of many and transforming it into the town's prized treasure. This delectable delicacy has
become a significant contributor to the town's economy, generating substantial revenue. The
economic impact of Calamay not only serves as a testament to the town's culinary excellence
but also showcases how a local specialty can play a pivotal role in driving economic
prosperity for the entire community.

Aside from that, the local government of Jagna has established various projects that help
boost the economy of the town including the beautifucation of Jagna Public Market and the
establishment of the new Jagna Food Park.
III. Local Issues and Challenges
Jagna, like many municipalities, grapples with crucial issues impacting its growth.
Primary concerns include challenges in road infrastructure and the water system, both crucial
for the well-being of the growing population.

The expanding population in Jagna puts strain on road infrastructure, causing traffic
congestion, particularly during peak hours. Effectively managing this vehicular demand
becomes crucial for smooth transportation and enhanced accessibility.

The water system poses another significant challenge, especially in specific barrios. The
evolving demographics of Jagna strain existing water resources, requiring a strategic
approach to ensure fair access and distribution. Addressing these water-related challenges is
vital, considering water's fundamental role in sustaining community life.

IV. Notable Programs and Project

The local government unit (LGU) of Jagna has implemented various projects and
programs that have significantly contributed to the town's current success. Among the
noteworthy initiatives are as follows:

Jagna Cultural Center. The establishment of the Jagna Cultural Center, marked by the
construction of a new gymnasium, has emerged as a pivotal catalyst for fostering heightened
cultural appreciation within the community. This infrastructure has not merely served as a
physical space but has effectively become a symbol of the town's commitment to nurturing
and celebrating its rich cultural heritage.

Pangdan Baywalk and Jagna De Plaza. The strategic development and enhancement of
key attractions such as Pangdan Baywalk and Jagna De Plaza have proven instrumental in
significantly augmenting visitor influx to Jagna. These meticulously curated spaces, now
transformed into picturesque and inviting destinations, have effectively become magnets for
individuals seeking to explore and appreciate the inherent beauty of the town.

Livelihood Programs for Farmers and Fishermen. Aside from infrastructure projects,
the LGU has also implemented and started a livelihood program specifically for farmers and
fishermen. Acknowledging the pivotal role these individuals play in the societal fabric, the
LGU's initiative is designed not only to support but also to empower them. The
implementation of these livelihood programs is strategically aimed at ensuring the sustained
growth and prosperity of this vital sector, fostering resilience and economic viability. By
providing avenues for income generation, the LGU's proactive measures underscore a
commitment to holistic community well-being and contribute to the overall economic
resilience of Jagna. This approach aligns with a broader vision of fostering sustainable
development and elevating the quality of life for those engaged in agriculture and fisheries
within the town.

V. Conclusion
In summary, Jagna is a town with a rich history and diverse culture. Starting as a small
village, it has grown into a socially vibrant community. Despite facing challenges, Jagna has
successfully combined the social, cultural, political, environmental, and economic aspects to
shape its identity.

Looking at its social dynamics, Jagna celebrates diversity, values education, and promotes
sports and religion. The town's cultural side is evident in initiatives like the Jagna Cultural
Center, highlighting its artistic heritage. Despite such challenges, Jagna prioritizes
governance for the town's welfare. Environmentally, it sets an example with initiatives like
the "Bring Your Own Bayong" policy. Economically, the local delicacy, Calamay, contributes
to Jagna's prosperity. However, Jagna faces challenges in road infrastructure and water
systems. The local government is actively addressing these issues while initiating projects
like the Jagna Cultural Center, Pangdan Baywalk, and livelihood programs. Despite
challenges, Jagna remains committed to preserving its heritage and progressing toward a
promising future.

In essence, Jagna's journey is a tapestry woven with historical threads, cultural vibrancy,
political resilience, environmental stewardship, and economic prosperity. As the town
continues to evolve, addressing challenges and embracing opportunities, it stands as a beacon
of a community united in preserving its heritage while forging ahead into a promising future.
Reference:
History and Cultural Life Of The Town Jagna And Its Barrios. Bureau of Public Schools,
Division of Bohol (1952-1953). National Library of the Philippines.
http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph/HD01/p9/cm.htm