Section 1, Module 2A: Reading and Writing

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32 MINUTES, 27 QUESTIONS

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DIRECTIONS v

You will be tested on a variety of important reading and writing skills. Each
question has one or more passages, possibly including a graph or table.
Carefully read each passage and question and choose the best answer to the

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question based on the passage(s).

Every question in this section is multiple-choice, with four possible answers.

Each question has only one best answer.

Juan was surprised by what he heard but _ __

were jealous of his success, but he doubted they

would stoop so low.
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the information as lies. He knew many of his peers
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?

® reduced
® forgot
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© conceded

J_ @ dismissed

Unique markings allow the servals to blend into

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the waving grasses on the savannahs where they
make their homes. Camouflaging into their habitat Which choice completes the text with the most
allows servals to approach their favorite prey with- logical and precise word or phrase?
out being _ __ pictured.
®
® envisioned.
© ignored.
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@ detected.

When the speaker was done, the crowd rose and

clapped vigorously. Yet, at the question-and-
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answer session, attentive spectators _ _ several Which choice completes the text with the most
points-particularly that the speech's moral lesso n logical and precise word or phrase?
came off as condescending and was generally increased
®
unfounded.
® elevated
© raised
@ nourished
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A promi sing alt ern ative fue l source is bi odi cscl. 4
Biodiesel is made fro m aninrn l fa ts, pl ant fat s, and
As used in th e text, what does th e word "brea king"
even used grease from restaurant s. 111e glycerol

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most nea rl y mea n?
backbone is re moved fro m th e fa t, ~ the fa t
into three diffe rent chains, which are then reacted ® Flouting
" ~t h an alcohol to for m th e biodiesel. This type of ® Eliminating
chemical reaction is called a transesterification. © Separating

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@ Categorizing

After platypuses first appeared in Australia about 5

I 00 m illio n years ago, they took over the country's

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___ however, when marsupi als appeared in Which choice completes the text with the most
Australia 54 to 71 million years ago, they became logical and precise word or phrase?
the country's dominant species everywhere but in ® panorama;
the water. ® perspective;
© landscape;
@ agriculture;
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Great Expectations is an 1861 novel by Charles
Dickens. In the story, Pip, a poor orphan who is
As used in the text, what does the word "afflicted"
cared for by hls sister and her husband, meets the
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most nearly mean?

young girl who will become the lifetime object
of hls affections while simultaneously becom- ® Diseased
ing aware of his lowly position in the British class ® Strengthened
system. © Emboldened
@ Troubled
For a long time I went once a week to this
strange, gloomy house-it was called Satis
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House-and once Estella told me I might kiss

her.

And then Miss Havisham decided I was to be

apprenticed to Joe, and gave him £25 for the
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purpose; and I left off going to see her, and

helped Joe in the fo rge. But I didn't like Joe's
trade, and I was affli cted by that m ost mi serabl e
thlng- to feel ashamed of home.
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Unlike other vi ruses for which vaccines are 7
available- several of which, through tenacious
Whi ch choice best states the main purpose of the
publi c health efforts, have been eradicated

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text?
worldwide-innuenza remains a perennial
menace, and due to the unique nature of its ® To express that innuenza will continue to
genome, is unlikely to ever be completely be a threat despite scientific advances
conquered. @ To argue that innuenza can be fully eradi-

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cated with sufficient research funding
© To highlight how influenza is unique
among diseases in the severity of its
symptoms
@ To celebrate that influenza has been elim-

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inated as a pervasive threat to humanity

The following text is adapted from Elizabeth Cady

Stanton's 1867 address to the Judiciary Commit-
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
tees of the legislature of New York. She argued for
the right of Black men and all women to vote in the ® Recent events have demonstrated the
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election of delegates to the Constitutional inability of Andrew Johnson to effectively
Convention. lead the United States.
@ The march toward equality is inevitable
The wheel of progress moves onward, and
and leaders should embrace, rather than
man must, in the nature of things, throw off
fight, the coming changes.
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old customs, creeds and codes, as the snake

sheds its skin in the new growth, and from the
dead letters of the past, emerge into higher
civilization. History shows that each generation
has been marked by some new idea, alike
tending to the greater freedom and equality
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© Those who stand in the way of social
progress should instead redouble their
efforts to maintain the status quo.
@ The examples of harmonious animals in
nature should inspire humans to create a
more just society.

of man; and those who, in their blindness or

folly, have tried to block this onward march,
have invariably been ground to powder. We
see a signal instance of this in the summary
manner in which an indignant people have
ridden rough-shod over Andrew Johnson and
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his satellites- showing that even the head of

a nation is nothing, but as he represents the
leading ideas of his generation. Th ey only are
immortal who link the future to th e past and roll
on the triumphal car of progress to the bright er
and the better day.
ln the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case Brown IJ.

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Board of Ed11ca tio11, American schools were lega lly
desegregated. In making thi s decision , the court 1 Which quotation from the co urt's decision best

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illustrates the cou rt's observation?
obseived that minority students al segregated
schools were usually educationally disadvantaged @ "In each instance, they had been denied
relative to students at integrated schools. admission to schools attended by white
children"
@ "[In prior cases it was held that] equality

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of treatment is accorded when the races
are provided substantially equal facilities
even though these facilities be
separate .. :•
© "Segregation with the sanction of law,

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therefore, has a tendency to [slow] the
educational and mental development of
[minority] children and to deprive them
of some of the benefits they would receive
in a racially integrated school system .. ."
"This disposition makes unnecessary any
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discussion whether such segregation also
violates the Due Process Clause of the
Fourteenth Amendment."
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Probiotics are full of millions of bacteria to help 10

create a better digestive system. A popular type
Which of the following, if true, would most directly
of pro biotic is one that must be refrigerated. One
support the researcher's hypothesis?
researcher claimed that the requirement of cold
temperatures makes this type of pro biotic ill-suited @ Probiotics that are commonly found in
for ingestion in the stomach. warmer climates are found to have a
statistically significant effect on digestive
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health when used as advised by a doctor.

@ The effectiveness of probiotics is nega-
tively affected when consumed in con-
junction with a lukewarm beverage.
© Probiotics that naturally thrive in a colder
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environment are more likely to be hyper-

sensitive to the high temperatures and
acidity of the human stomach.
@ People who are taking antibiotics for
respiratory illnesses typically find that
the effectiveness of probiotics is greatly
diminished .
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...________.;....___
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Leading Causes of Traumatic Brain Injuries
Other: 21 %
Which choice most effectively uses data from the

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graph to complete the example?
Fall : 40% ® Falls and unintentional blunt trauma

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cause approximately 55% of traumatic
brain Injuries.
@ Further research is needed on the 21% of

Motor Vehicle Accident: 14%
\
Unintentional Blunt Trauma: 15%
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"other" causes of traumatic brain injuries.
© The majority of traumatic brain injuries
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are caused by a source other than falls.
Motor vehicles are, in fact, more likely to

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-Fall Unintentional Blunt Trauma -Other cause traumatic brain injuries than physi-
cal assaults.
- Motor Vehicle Accident E Assault
Source : Centers for Disease Control

A researcher is investigating perceptions about the

leading causes of traumatic brain injuries.
The researcher finds that most Americans
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believe that violent physical assaults and car
crashes are the most significant source of traumatic
brain injuries. The researcher would like to educate
the American public on the fact that while car
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crashes and physical assaults are a significant

source of traumatic brain injuries, the larger
danger is from less dramatic injuries that could
take place closer to home: _ _ _ _ _ __

Because of the antimicrobial properties of soap, a ]

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thorough washing will take away almost all bacte-

Which choice most logically completes the text?
ria from a surface. Whether a person is washing
their hands or wiping down their countertop, soap ® not necessary.
creates a sterile environment. This is crucial at @ quite advisable.
times when pernicious bacteria are present (like © a highly personal decision.
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when handling raw food or after using the rest- @ a viable option.
room) . However, living in a constantly sterile envi-
ronment is, for the average person, _ __
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Get-rich-quick schemes have probably existed
since humans first used money to buy instead of
goods to barter. Most have learned to be wary of
people and organizations that claim to be an easy
path to riches. However, in the 1950s a new type
of scheme emerged disguised as a work or career
opportunity but was designed to pad the pock-
ets of a select few. 1his effective setup targeted
young women who found life at home to be boring
after returning to domesticity after World War II.
It allowed a woman to feel like she was contribut-
ing financially to her family's well-being while still
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maintaining her role in the household. This sales
system, called multi-level marketing (MLM), still
pervades our society today, _ _ _ __
Throughout Europe, the Age of Enlightenment
ushered in a renewed and unprecedented interest
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in scientific investigation. A devotee to the zeit-
geist, 17th-century scientist Robert Boyle redefined
the word "element" to describe a substance that
cannot be degraded into simpler forms by chemi-
cal reaction. His definition not only liberated the
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word from its erroneous Aristotelian origins, but it
survived for a full 300 years-during which it was
used in the invention of the periodic table-until
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Since the beginning of roller derby, it _ _
included players who are often marginalized in
society because of their race, which is someth ing
that continues to be the case even today.
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Which choice most logically completes the text?
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@ giving ambitious young professionals the
opportunity to advance their ca reers.
@ inspiring women to break through the
glass ceiling to achieve financial windfalls.
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© with an increased level of interest leading
up to military conflicts.
@ promising unsuspecting targets the
chance at great wealth-for a cost.
Which choice most logically completes the text?
@ the theory of biological evolution became
quite popular.
@ the discovery of subatomic particles in
the 20th century.
© democratic governance attained global
prominence.
@ space exploration changed from a fantasy
to reality.
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Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
® has
® have
© had
® will have

March was abnormally _ _ _ _ th e latter part of
the month. April, however, was unusually warm for
the springtime.
Prospective employees see the listings, apply,
and wait eagerly by the phone only to never hear
anything. No response at all for one job after
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another-_ _ _ _ _ _ __
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Some graffiti decreases the value of an area by
making it appear abandoned and unkempt. Other
graffiti spruces up a blank wall, adds much needed
color, and creates art in an otherwise dismal space.
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For many students approaching the end of their
collegiate studies, the prospect of finding a job
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is daunting. While some will already have leads
based on professor recommendations or intern-
ship work, others will look at thousands of posts on
online job boards and _ _ _ __
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Whi ch choice completes th e text so that it
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conforms to the conventions or Standard English?
@ cool; especially so during
@ cool especially so during
© cool, especially so during
@ cool. Especially so during
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Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
@ demoralizing quite it can be.
@ quite demoralizing, it can be.
© demoralizing it can be quite.
@ it can be quite demoralizing.
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Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
@ How are cities supposed to decide what to
leave; and what to paint over?
@ How are cities supposed to decide, what
to leave and what to paint over?
© How are cities supposed to decide: what
to leave and what to pa.int over?
@ How are cities supposed to decide what to
leave and what to paint over?
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Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
@ felt overwhelmed.
@ felt overwhelming.
© feel overwhelming.
@ feel overwhelmed.
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Each discipline has its own focus, but the thought 20
process and science underlying all engineering
Which choice completes the text so that it

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problems are more similar than different. This
empowers _ __ __ _ conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

@ an engineer; to think in an interdisciplin -

ary way.
®

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an engineer-to think in an interdisciplin-
ary way.
© an engineer to think in an interdisciplin-
ary way.
@ an, engineer, to think in an interdisciplin-

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ary way.

Whereas a traditional English teacher might assign

canonical texts and then assess a
Which choice completes the text so that it
understanding of plot, setting, and character
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
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analyses, a critical English teacher assigns litera-
ture with a goal in mind of what the class will get ® classes
from that particular text, and then encourages the ® class'es
class to talk about how the social issues reflect their © class's
own lives, whose voices weren't heard, and how ® classes'
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the story might be told differently from another

perspective.

Both Truman and MacArthur were American lead-

ers in the late 1940s and early 1950s in the after-
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Which choice completes the text so that it

math of the Allied victory during World War II.
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Naturall y, only one of them could emerge victori-
ous from the rubble of _ _ _ power struggle. @ there
® their
@ his
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@ one's
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After a year and a half. Wilson's term as presi- 23
dent ended and Edith became again just hi s wife.
Which cho ice co mpletes the text so that it
However, her role in running the country during

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co nform s to the conventions of Standard Engl ish?
Wilson 's illness shou ld be remembered by history.
Whoever ends up being the first woman to take the ® not be alone she will be standing in
oath of the office of president will _ _ _ _ __ Ediths shadow.
@ not be alon e, she will be standing, in

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Edith's shadow.
© not be alone; she will be standing in
Edith's shadow.
@ not be alone, she will be standing in
Ediths shadow.

Catering can be a good fit for those who would

like to work as a chef on a more part-time basis,
_ _ _ they could schedule their catering jobs
around their family obligations.
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Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
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® but
® which
© while
@ as
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The biggest fundamental issue that impacts the

fair treatment of guest workers is ensuring that
Which choice completes the text with the most
guest workers have a voice. Laws may be in place;
logical transition?
_ _ _ they do nothing if the guest workers
cannot speak up when something is wrong for fear ® consequently,
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of retribution . @ and
© however,
@ because
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While conducting research , a student took these
notes :
1h e Battle of Ge!lysburg was a turning point
in the American Civil War.
General Meade commanded the Union
forces at the Battle of Gettysburg while
General Robert E. Lee commanded the
Confederate troops.
l11e battle lasted three days.
Abraham Lincoln visited the site soon the re-
after and gave the Gettysburg Address.
ll1e Battle of Gettysburg was the northern-
most battle of tl1e American Civil War.
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'Nhile researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes :
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Psoriasis is a common skin condition, affect-
ing one out of 100 Americans.
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition,
caused by an overactive immune system.
Psoriasis often presents as itchy, silvery
plaques, or patches, on the skin, which can
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become irritated and bleed.
People with psoriasis can have just the skin
changes, just arthritis, or both, called psori-
atic arthritis.
Psoriasis is not contagious, but if the effects
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or appearance are bothersome, there are
many treatment options.
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The stud ent wants to highlight the leaders of the
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opposing forces at the Battle of Gettysburg. Which
choice most effectively uses releva nt information
from the notes to accomplish this goal?
@ Abra ham Lincoln's leadership during the
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Battle of Gettysburg led to the defeat of
Robert E. Lee's troops.
@ Over a three-day period, the armies of
the Union and the Confederacy met
in furious combat on the battlefield of
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Gettysburg.
@ While most of the Civil War was fought in
the South, Lee ensured that the Battle of
Gettysburg was fought in the North.
@ The Union commander Meade and the
Confederate commander Lee led their
armies into combat at Gettysburg.
The student wants to share information about
psoriasis to a friend who is extremely concerned
about having it to help the friend become less
worried. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish
this goal?
@ Psoriasis is caused by an immune system
that is not functioning normally.
@ Psoriasis can lead to arthritic symptoms.
© Psoriasis can cause skin irritation and
bleeding.
@ There are many treatment options for
psoriasis.