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Multiplication (or addition) is de!

ned componentwise:
Chapter 11, Problem 5E (0)
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The Fundamental Theorem of Finite Abelian Groups states that every !nite
Study tools Abelian group can be written as a direct product of cyclic groups of prime
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power order. Furthermore, this decomposition is unique up to permuting the
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factors.
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The isomorphism classes of Abelian groups of order , with p a prime, are for your tough homework
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My courses Ch-11, P-5E: The direct product Consists of Ch-11, P-14E: The direct product consists
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ordered n-tuples Where For Multiplication (or ordered n-tuples Where, For Multiplication (or
addition) is de!ned componentwise: addition) is de!ned component wise:
My books Is a partition of k; that is, a way to write k as a sum of positive integers (up to
permuting the integers; usually they are written in decreasing order).
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My folder Step 3/6

We can classify Abelian groups of order , where the are distinct

Career primes, by classifying all Abelian groups of order for each i and then taking
all external direct products , where each is an Abelian group of
order .
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Step 4/6

A corollary to the Fundamental Theorem of Finite Abelian Groups is that, if G is


a !nite Abelian group and m divides G, then G has a subgroup of order m.

Let G be an Abelian group of order 45.

Then G has a subgroup H of order 15.


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Any Abelian group of order 15 is the direct product of a group of order 3 and a
group of order 5.
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Since any group of prime order is cyclic, it follows that

Hence, H (and therefore G) contains an element of order 15.

Step 5/6

This argument does not work if we replace 15 with 9.

Although we can always !nd a subgroup of order 9, it may be isomorphic to


, which is not cyclic and does not contain an element of order 9.

In fact, we can show that has no element of order 9.

The order of an element in a direct product of groups is equal to the least


common multiple of the orders of the components:

Step 6/6

If

Then a has order 1 or 3, b has order 1 or 3, and c has order 1 or 5.

Since 9 is a prime power that does not divide the order of a, b, or c, there is no
way for to have order 9.

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Chapter 11, Chapter 11,
Problem 4E
© 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Problem 6E

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