7. Explain the major dimensions of food security.

· Or
What is food security? What are the dimensions of food security7
8. How is food security ensured in India?
Or
"Food security in India has two components." Explain.
9. Mention the major features of Public Distribution System of India.
10. Mention any five functions of Food Corporation of India.
Or
Mention the activities of Food Corporation of India. (FCI).
Long Answer Type Questions
~ow is food security ensured in I11dia?
2. A section of people in India are still witho~xplain?
3. What has our government done to provide food security to the poor? Discuss any two Schein
launched by the government? _ es
4. Why is buffer stock created by the government?
5. Write notes on:

I
(a) Minimum support price
(b) Bufferstock
(c) Issue price
t
i
(d) Fairpriceshops
6. l:Vrite a note on the role of cooperatives in providing food and related items.

I · · NCERT Text-book Exercise (Solved)

How is food security ensured in India?
Ans. Food security in India has two components:
(a) Bufferstocks (b) Publicdistributionsystem
(a) Buffer stock: Buffer stock is the stock of food grains, namely wheat and rice
procured by ,the government through food corporation of India (FCI). The FO
purchases wheat and rice form the farmers, in states where there is surplus
production.
The purchased food grains are stored in granaries. This is done to distribute food
grains in the deficit areas among the poorer strata of society at a price lower than the
market price, also known as issue price. This helps in resolving the problem of
shortage of food.
(b) Public distribution ~ystem: The stored food is distributed to the poor people
through ra~on shops. The items are sold to the poor people at a price lower than the
market price.
d like Mid·
Other sch~mes: Over the years, several new programmes have been 1aunche
Day_ meal, AntyodayaAnna Yojana, etc. for food security. ~ :,ft '
,Q•!c Which are the people who are more prone to food insec~~ j

/Social Science-IX/ @B
. I . , ,~.

n
f
(a) TheSCs,S Tsa.n d
iV'S• 1 sollle sectio .
poor and base I ·th r
ow and ns of 0Bc \
(b) People affected b agctCUltura11 s(lowetca stesamong them)who havee1 e
work are also~ y natural disa abourers are prone to food insecurity.
. . ongth sterswhO h . ~ ch 0 f
(c) A high Incidence of e Illost food-ins ave to migrate to other areas in sear
concern as it Illalnutntio ecure people.
. Puts ev n prevails .
proportio n of p en the u b among women This is a·matter of senous
are also more p regncll).t and nur: orn baby at the risk· of malnutrition. A large
rone to f0 od inseeun mg mothers and children under the age of 5 years
Which states are
Q·f lllore food-ins ty.
(east eeure Indi , Wh
in
"AJtS• Uttar Pradeshrh andern and south eastern a . .Y'· ·
ga.l, Chattisga West Ben-
stat~ oflndia. sornepart sofMadh parts), Bihar, Jharkhand , Odisha,
ya Pradesh and Maharashtra are food-insecure
(a) These are econo .
m1callyba k
(b) These have high c ward states.
percentag e of tr·b 1
(c) Mostofth esestat alpeople.
esarehigh l
Q4 Do you believe that G Yprone to disasters.
reen Revolution has made India self-sufficient in food grains?
7 How .
?

I AJtS, Yes, Green Revoluti·on h asmadeJn d· 1

(a) Increase in prod t· ia se £-sufficient in food grains. w
~mn:~ aresuU Ofth e Green Revolutio .
crops has increased . n, productio n of many I•
times · The pr0 duction of wheat was just 88 lakh tonnes in
1955-5-6. Now ·th many
i as crossed 118 lakhs tones. _·, .,
(b) Overflow ing buffer st k . Th . . ' , ·
tonnes b t d oc s · · e mmn:~mm buffer norms for FCI are 24.3 mil lion
. . s
u ue to the uccess of Green Revolution the stock is much more than the
mm1mum norms.
(c) Control over im~orts: ~efore the success of Green Revolution, India was dependen t
on other countries for its food grain requirements but now our imports of food
grains are negligibl e. \ 1

..5. Some sections of.-, people in India are still without food. Explain?
Q.,,....
Ans. (a) Many poor families do not even have enough money or income to buy food of
accep table quantity and quality.
(b) Food is available in access, ~ut many poor families do not have affordability to buy
food. ·
(c) There are many places like Kalahand i, Kashi-pur in Odisha, Baran district of
Rajastha n and Palamau district of Jharkhand , where famine-like condition s have
been existing for many,ea rs. So_m e starvation deaths have also been ~eported here.
(d) The SCs, STs and some sections of the OBCs who have either poor land bas'e or very
low land p roductivi ty are prone to food insecurity. ·
supply'lo f food when there is a disaster or a calamity?
Q.6. What h appens to the · _
•ty · undoubte dly affected·d urihg a calamity or disaster like earthqua ke
Ans. (a) Food secun 1·5 1 '

_
. . . _____ __ _ ____ ____,@)1 .---- ------ -1IS0clal Science-Ix]
 2per kg. for Wheat and trorri 25 to 35
1'gs with effect from f ~ kg for rice. .
ice by
hs B Ap nJ 200 2. Th Th is qu antity has be en enhaJlcedd ed tw
additional 50 lak e scheme h as be en fur ther ex pa
n
.th thiS inc rea se,
PLfarnu· in Jun
2crore families ha ~e b eencov•es
1
e 2003andinAugust2004. W
r AAY.
WbY buffer sto~k is created b -t erect undenent? .
Th e zn . y _he go venu
J. (a) food se cu nty : the food grainS
fic it are as an aind ob jectiv e of the buffer stock . t o distribute than the
,. in the de azn on th JS
a pri ce low er
. strata of society
g e Poor at
Jllarketp nc e. . e
ity : Th ·
(1') Disaster or Calam e of the buffer stock is to r~ Iv e thth
e f e sec on d ob jec tiv du nn g e
problem of sh ort ag o iood d . c
er co nd itio ns or
. d f al lln ng adverse we ath
pe no O c amity. t
·
(c) To save the fan ne rs fr th e ups and downs of the market The thi rd imPortan
objective of the buffe st0 om th ~t .
ck is to sav e the far me rs fro m up s an d do wn s of ise ~k ne e JS
Under this fan ne are r . Th
rs pa id for the ir cro ps. P
a pre-announced price · en tives to the
· de mc
declared by the g ov en un en t b £ sea son to pro VI
e ore the sow ing
farmers.
· th
p als o cre ate d by e
(d) Uninterrupted su p Y of food grains: Buffer stocks are
I
gh t In dia n
go ve rnm en t to ma int ain uru. nterrupted supply of food gra ins thr ou ou
d thr h
an ou g ou tth ey ea r.
J. Write no tes on :
pr ice sh op s
pp or tp ri ce (b) Bu ffe rstock (c)Issueprice (d )F air
/ ~) ~u m su government bu ys food thr ou gh
pr ice : It is the pri ce at wh ich the
;, (a) Mi nim um su pp or t e mi nim um
f~ er s in the sta tes wh ere there is surplus production. Th
FCI fro m ~e ng sea so n.
is de cla red by the go ve rnm ent every year before the so wi
su pp ort pn ce n of the
pro vid e inc en tiv es to the far mers for raising the pr od uc tio
This is do ne to
crops. ou gh
the sto ck of foo d gra ins pro cured by the go ve rnm en t thr
(b) Buffer stock: It is
s production of wh ea t an d ric e
is
Ind ia. Fo r exa mp le, sur plu
Fo od Co rpo rat ion of ter mi ne d pr ice
. Th e FO pu rch ase wh ea t an d rice from the farmers at a pre de
stocked gr ain s are
wh ere the re is su rpl us pro duction. The pu rch ase d food
in those sta tes
Buffer Stock.
stored in granaries, i.e. for the ase d an d
is is the pri ce at wh ich the go vernment distributes its pu rch
(c) Issue price: Th Th is
in the de fic it are as an d am on g the po or section of the society.
stored food gra ms
ce.
pri ce is low er tha n the ma rke t pri ou gh
Fa ir pri ce sho ps are go ve rnm ent regulated ration sh op s thr
(d) Fair Price Shops: cu red by the FCI am on g the po
or
t dis trib ute s the foo d pro
which the go ve rnm en ily wi th a rat ion
of the soc iet y at a pri ce low er than the market price. An y fam
sections fai r pr ice
spe cif ic am ou nt of foo d gra ins, kerosene, sugar, etc. These
car d ca n buy a
shops.
shops are also kn ow n as ration
cti on ing of ration shops?
l. What are the pr ob lem s of the fun

-- 1 @ z )1 -
-· -- -- -- -- -- .. j[Social Scienc:e-u<]
-- -- -- -- -- -- :I
 7
r~) 50J11e constituencies
sCs and STs so that are reserv
ed for (ii)
Everyone has equal opportunl·ty
to
8veryone h as one cln d0
I (C)
5 oth at
·
1 ·
I
nly
•
0
ne Vo te (i""
ll
)
All
•
elect th eir representative.
candidates mu st have a
f .
air
d) party in powe r is no t all
ve hi cJ eb ec ai: ed to use (iv) ;:nce~felections.
me nt ay
( govern me people may have moved aw
1
(iii ). from the area where they voted last.
(i) (iV), (b) (i!, (c) (ii), (d)
l · . tall the .different electi o
, i1s · n related . ities Ill •
b . activ ange
~ 4, JI\ in a time seq ue
if
nc e
' eg 1n nin g Wi th th . entioned in the chapter, and arr last.
~· tJte Of these ac tiv th the
•es are giv en below e first activity and ending wi
50JI1e aid f ction man ifestoes. counting of
0
lis t; ele ~ti on : r~ lea sin g ele
votes; m ng . voters aig n; de cla rat ion of election results; casting
0rd enng of re-poll ; an no un c_a mp
0tvotes; cing electi onschedule;fillingnomination.
-i iaJ<in f t 1·
(a) 1vl go vo ers 1st ule
na tio n (b) Announcing election sched
.411'' (c) Fil ing no mi
tio n (d) Sc rut inizing of nomination papers
(e) Withdrawal of nomina
mp aig n {f) Releasing election manifesto
(g) Electi on ca
(~) Casting of votes .
(i) Counting of votes
g rep oll G} · Declaration of results
(k) Orderin
. .. . . .. .. .
--i~ ·ari o
·_ ffi ce r iiit ch ar ge of fair electi,ons· ID an assembly
< ·sure~a :· . . en su nn g f
, ree and
Q~ tihiency iit"asta t I)·
nb e wh at sh ou ld sh e foc 'us on for each·of the following
·vcons f eIect'10n. . e. ..esc
stages o
~ Election campaign.
(b) Polling day. -
i:;;,,:,r
.· ·
(c) Counting day.
V idate should:
(a) Du rin g ele cti on ca mp ~ gn she should focus on: No cand
Ans,
(i) Bribeorthreaten.voters.
of caste ·or religion.
(ii) Appeal to them in the name
for election campaign.
(iii) Use government ~esources on.
mo re tha n.R s. 25 lak hs in a co nstituency for an assembly electi
(iv) Spen d aigns.
es sh ou ld fol low the mo de l co de of conduct for election camp
All the politi cal parti -I

According to thi s no pa rty or candidate can:

election propaganda.
(i) Use any place of J orship for s.
aircraft and officials for election
(ii) Use government Jehicles, y
an no un ce d, mi nis ter s sh all not lay foundation stones of an
(iii) Once elections are an y pro mi se of providing public
y de cis ion or ma ke
project, take any big polic
11
facilities .
(b) (i) Voting should take pla
ce in a free and fair way.

,;___ _ _ ,@ } )1 -- -- --~ -----Jjsoc1a1 Science-IX !

. . . . . .____ _ _,__;,_ __ _ _ •
 ! ► W
'
'
...
fl (ii) Voters should be identi·fied properly.

I (iii) One agent of each candidate sho~V

·
(iv) Once the polling 15 ove
secure place'.
r all the
· 1·
Id be in the pol mg booth ·
Ms sho uld be pro per ly sealed anq tat
I\~
~
(c) (i) Check the seal of the EVMs
.
(ii) All the EVMs should be opened.
.
(iii) Each par ty shou Id hav e an.agent. ..
f dif fer ent con unu ruh
The es am ong the candi
Q.6. table below gives the proportion o Co
mp are the se to the proportion of <tql~
who won elections to th e US .
Congress. . uld
US. Based on this , wo you suggest a t~es,
communities in the population of the 8
f
of reservations in the US Congress? 1· yeS wh y and for wh ich..,:g_mmunities? ~ste~
, · · f ~o,
wh ynot?
. .
, Community Propor tion of community (in.per cent). in the
House of Representatives Po pu lat ion o~
. ' Blackes 8 13
Hispanics 5 13
Whites 86 70
Ans. Yes✓ I would like to suggest system of ,. .
reserva~on m t~e US C~ngress.--....'llie..
. ·. panics
represef!-tatives of Blacks and His · are very less m proportion to their pop
So✓ the Blacks and · Hispanics commu . . . ,_ulatioQ
•
nities should ,be given reservat10ns m .the
Congress . lJS
Q. 7. Can we draw the following con .
clusions from the information given in
~ · Give two facts to support your position for this chapter1
each of these. .
(a) Election Commission of India does
not have enough power to conduct free
fair elections in the country. and
(b) There is a high I~vel of popular partici
pation in the elections in our country.
(c) It is very easy for the party in pow
er to wiri. an election.
(d) Many reforms are needed to make our
elections ~ompletely free and fair.
Ans. (a) The Election Commission of Ind
ia has the power to conduct free and fair
elections.
(i) Itisanindependentbody.
(ii) The Chief Election Commissioner (CE
C) is appointed by the President of India,
but once appointed ✓ he is not answerable
to the President or the government.
(b) (i) Votertijmoutis more than55% sin
ce 1991. ·1
(ii) In India poor/ iliiterate and underp
rivileged'people vote in larger proportion
compared to the rich and privileged section as
s.
(c) No✓ it is not very easy for the party in
,,
--- power to wih"-an election as:
.. _ ----·-·-·-
-.

~ -- -- -- -- -s " " -- -- -- -- -- --
cial Science-IX,-/
-- --
 (i) No party is allowed to u
• se govern ·a1s for
elections. ment vehi cIes, aircraft, and offi CI
·i) Once elections a reanno
(l uncect, all the . .
of conduct. 111 st
uu ers will have to follow a model code
f
(d) )'es, many on ns are need
re d
.)1 Candidates an· d parti.es eWito lllake our el . s completely free and fair.
( h th a 1 ection
. ot of mo n but
t ey en1oy a big an d Unfair advant ey may not be sure of their victory,
dents.
me pa rts of the coun t ag e over smaller parties and indepen
(ii) In so
, out of thry, candidates wi•th criminal connection have been
able .to pu sh oth ers
e1ectoral race, and to secure a 'ticket' from major
parties. - . e
.
cJtinappa was convicted ·for to dow .ry . Sa tbir was held guilty of
e rtu nn ~ his wi fe for
· practising untouchability. Th court did not II . ons.
. dec.isi.on go against the . . a ow either of them to contest electi
p0es th1s
Th is verdi ct of the co ur t. . ~n nciples of democratic elections?
a)
IS Just In both the cases.
)( . . . .
. . _
th
(b) This dec1s1on 1s no t against e ~rinciples of democratic elect;ions because they
would criminalize the wh o1e election proce . Th El . t Comm1.ss1. 0n 1s . ls .
a om
. tha t . . ss. e ect ior
favour of such de cis ion th e cnmmals or convicts should not be allowed to
· contest in the ele on. cti

ra l ma lpr act ice fro m dif fer en t parts of the world. Is

Here are sho~e rheports of electo l . to . prove theu
im
. electi•ons?
there anyt 1ng t at these co un tri es can earn from Ind ia
case?
'What would you suggest in each ly
cti on in Ni ge ria , the off ice r in charge of counting votes deliberate
(a) ?uring an ele cla red him elected. The court later
on e ca nd ida te an d de
increased the votes of e candidate were counted in
n fiv e lak h vo tes cas t for on
found out that more tha
·favour of another. vote
cti on s in Fij i, a pa mp hle t wa s distributed warning voters that a
(b) Just before ele ll lea d to bloodshed. This
M ah en dr a Ch ao ud hr y wi
· for former Prime-Minister,
igin.
was a threat to voters of Indian or
ha s its ow n me tho d of vo tin g, its own procedure of counting
(c) In the US, each state
ity for co nd uc tin g ele cti on s. Au thorities in the state of Florida
and its own author
ro ve rsi al de cis ion s tha t fav ou red Mr. Bush in the presidential
took many cont
on s in 2000 . Bu t no on e co uld change those decisions.
electi ➔
0u ld us e the Ele ctr on ic Vo tin g Machine (EVMs). It is quite
(a) Nigerian Go vernment $1 rnm ent should send their people
ult in it. Th e Ni ge ria n Go ve
tough to change the res , .
lea rn an d op ~ra te. tl)e ele ctr on ic voting machine.
in India to .
fee l tha t vo ter s of Ind ian ori gin are not free and safe in this country
(b) In this matter, we Indian
the thr ea t is 9e ing giv en to them. In such conditions,
That is wh y Pn t to make proper security
arrangement
 am phl ets 48 ho urs bef ore t~
h P
int imi dat e the vot ers an d to dis trl'bt1 te t e ~ "~
'I\,\
·ff ren t bec aus e the re is...,
ele ctio ns tak e place. is d1 e . ' (ti
d its sta tes h t is wh y the ..e> '-ln:.
.
(c) Pro ces s of ele ctio ns in US an f 1 .-.dia, t a ir ele ctio n _ -\\\\
•ssi
1 tiO n Cofl\lll1 Oil o u• . \:>te>c-.,_ ¾
age ncy like E ec ,· "'~~ -
dif fere nt. ou ld fol lo~ the sam e rul es, re \
ll the sta tes sh ~
Ind ia tha t a ~~ %. ·
Th e US can lea rn fro m ., "\
and pro i;:ed ure s. . lec tio ns. Ide nti fy wh at the
tice in Ind
ian e . f n?
Here are some reports of malprac \>t()b\
Q.1~ . to cor rec t the s1tua 1~ . .
.
m each case 1s. Wh at should be done . \
t of ele cti. ons , the mu ust er pr om ise d to
(a) Following th e announcemen \>?()\}\
sed sugar mt.11· . "l\
financial aid to reopen the do
. sta tem ent s an d cam pa ign wa
. 11 ed that thetr s no t gi"e
(b) Opposition parties a eg .
d All Ind ia Ra dio . l\4~
attention in Ooordarshan an
. .
(c) An inquiry by the Electio . com nu ss1 on sh ow ed tha t ele cto ral rol ls of
n a~~
contain na me s o f 201a kh fak e vot ers . ~
ov ing with gu ns , p h ys1. cally -pre
(d) The ho od lum s of a po liti cal " .
party_were me et the vo ter s and
.
supporters of other pol 1t·ica l parties to Ill att ack ing ll\ee~~%i
"I.I. \~
\\t
other parties.
1 tion no minister can an no un ce
An s. (a) After the announcement of thee any benefit to
ec
section of people or as a whole becaus ·t •s ag ain st the co de of co nd uc t
e1 1 att1
. .•
k
(b) The government should as the Do ord ars ha n an d All Ind ia Ra dio to
.. ti give d
attention to election campaign of the \l~
op po sit ion pa r es. .
. C
(c) The Electio n omnu•ss1•on sho uld ord er to ma ke an oth er vo ter lis t of the Gen";.
voters. So that the people of the sta . . ..
te can see the ir na me m the vo ter . """-1.ll~

rep ort an y fault done by the press or lis t and markQl

the officials on du ty.
(d) The activities of any such pa rty
tak ing the he lp of ho od lum s to thr
oth er parties an d disturbing the me ea ten thevotersot
eti ng of oth er pa rti es sh ou ld be
Election Commission by sen din g preventedby th~
cen tra l forces. It sh ou ld tak e str
the ho od lum s an d the pa rty conc ict action against
erned.
Ramesh was not in class when this ch
apter was being taught. He came the
and repeated what he had heard from nex\ dai
his father. Can you tell Ramesh wh
with these statements? at is Wtoni
(a) Women always vote the way me
n tell them to. So what is the point
the right to vote? of giving th.em
(b) Party politics creates tension in .s
ociety. Elections should be decided
not by competition. by consensui
(c) Only graduates should be
allowed to-stand as candidates for ele
Ans. (a) This_is no ctions.
t fair that women can be pressed by the
ir male family members to vote a:
particular party. The idea does
not support the democratic attitu
de beca'
/Social Science-lX1t- ---------J@)t----~--
---------
 aceOrd• u . . .,
, d
-Woll"\ lrlg to 0
ur constitution there are equal rights to vote for both men an
(b) '1"L • ell. ~ . . . .
.an1s st ewo 01 t to vote at their will.
hea i atell lent en should be give n m.gh
process. Party politics or a
the r:y C'oll"\Petid~es hot lead to the proper election
that if
(c) Th.is . are 11otp0 liti~o n brings the most suitable candidates. It is rightly said
Isa . ca lp. .
con te &ain st. th. arties, there 1s no democracy.
st eiec . e consti . : . . ·.
thes tate llle tion, noton1 tutio nal righ t of the.p eopl e of India. Any candidate may
voting rights. So,
nt &ive11 to /a!; adu ates , because all adul t citizens have
, esh Was not correct.

J.

t
I

. ,.
·-

•
\ (ii) (a), (iii) (b), (iv) (c). ' '.
I til(C), er the following questions bnef .
. ~sW ly•
e of po pulatio ·
/ ~ •.llJtY is the rat
ng row thi nI d'
:t ) f' h . o n_ •adecliningsince1981?
,/ (' pis cus st em a1 orcom po nents of
pulabon growth ·
(~) pefine age structure, death rateanpdb'
) n. irth rate.
(' fJoW is migration a deten inant factor of .
d) ri popula tion change?
( f he rate of population growth in 1981 d to
l and fur the r it sto od Was 2-22% per annum · It was reduce
. (~) · z 14% in 199 atl 93°/c0
t
po ssible bec aus e f · per annum in 2001. ,
' This became o successful efforts made by the central govt as well
as by the state govt. Family Welfare Programs in . Ii . m . per
.income, etc. h ave cont 'b creasing teracy rate, nse
.
ta . .
Capi n uted sig · 'fi tly m
can reduci ng the birth rate.
ru
consequently, the difference b etw een the b· th d that
a gra du al dec lin e in th Ir an the death rate came down
resulted in e growth rate of po pulati on.
emajorcomponentsofpopulati tion.
) 'fh gro wth are birth rate, death rate and migra
~ A stru ctu re·
·
Ag e st tu . on
rue re Is the d" .. n of population of a country into different
(c) ngee groups Age structu f IVISio
· re O
pop ula tio n is divided into three broad age groups:
ag .
(i) C~ dr en. below the working age (b e1ow 15 years),
.
e t
(ii) Persons m working age (betwe n 15 o 59 years),
years of age).
(iii) Depe~de~t population (above 59
per 1,000 persons ma · year.
Deathtate: It 1s the number of deaths
a
ths for every 1,000 persons rr{ year.
Birth rate: It is the number of live bir or external.
rat ion me ans mo vem ent of peo ple across the areas. It can be internal
(d) Mig of~
mi gra tio n in int ern al are as doe s not change the size of the population
Internal
lue nce s the den sity of pop ulation . This phenomenon of migratibn
.country bu t inf in India. In
of population in towns and cities
has resulted in the steady growth rtunities and
ia, peo ple hav e mi gra ted to the cities in search of employment oppo
Ind
better amenities. because of
the oth er han d, in ext ern al mi gra tion, people go to different countries
On mber and
edu cat ion or em plo ym ent opp ortunities. It takes place in large nu
higher
.
can affect the size of the population
.
Q.3. Distinguish between popu
lation growth and population change
:
Ans, Differences between popu
lation change and population growth
- Population Change
tio n Gr ow th
- Popula ntr y has Thi s refers to the change in the compositio
n and
llmeans how the population of the cou three
tio n of Ind ia has dis tribution of population. There are
grown in size, e.g., the popula factors which determine the population
change-
nearlytripled since independe nce . are natural
the birth rate, the death rate (these
n is an
factors) and migration. Migratio
change.
important deteqninarit of populaµon
. 1s oc ia l Science-IX I
-- -- -- -- -1
. . . ._____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-- -, @ 1- --
r -
· What is th e relations . tructure an d de ve lo pm
/ hip be tw ee n occupabo
1
The occupational struc
!I. na 1s en t?
/ ture re fe rs to the d.ISt fl•b tion of its people according to diffe
occupations . An econom . tage u . . . r
ically of populatio n 1s .
development. Occupat .
ac tive pe rc
ally en
classified as prim . ar
an un po rta nt indexent
io ns ar e gener y, d
secon ary an d tertial"'Iof
. · h pr oportion of populatio . . ,
In d.eveIoped countries, a 1ug n 1s en ga d. -,.
. .. ge m se co ndary clt\q
tertiary achv1ties 11.k anufacturing in du st ry
, construe ti'on w ork tr
. . e m ,
commurucat10n-e tc. On th other ha nd in developi.ng ·es 1·k In di ansport
portion of th e
e popula tion is engage ' co un tri , 1 e a '
d in pr im ar y activities ik · ltu Th athmajor
1 e ag nc u re. us
4
1~
a close relationship betw
What are the advantages
een occupational struct
of havi_ng a healthy po
ur
pu
e an
la
d
tio
de ve lo pm ent.
, ere is

Advantages of healthy n?
(a) It resists wasta
po pu la tio n:
ge of wealth : People w
care an d special attentio ho ar e suffering from .
n. If all the people in a na di~eases, th ey require,
require no medicines, tio n or st at e enJ 0 Ype rf ec t he
hospitals an d the nu rs alth; th
in g staff. It will sa ve w
m an po w er an d the spac as ta ge of money,
(b) A healthy po pu
e as well.
la tio n can ea rn more
an d thus, co nt rib ut e
income of the country. m or e in th e national
(c) It helps in de
veloping social" harm
physical he al th or wel ony : M en ta l he al th is
l being. Mental ai lm en di re ct ly re la te d to th
ts e
arrogance, etc. ge t plac lik e anxiety, re st le ss ne ss
e in th e st at e of ph ys ic , m alafides,
\ he will definitely like
to live ha pp y an d ke ep
al pr ob le m s. If an in di
vi du al is he al thy,
ot he rs ha pp y. A he al th
he al th y body. y m in d lies in a
(d) Physical health give
s birth to emotional health: Em ot
place w he n pe op le su io na l ou tb ur st of te n
ff er fr om on e or an ot takes
se ld om feels hu rt in he r ai lm en ts . A he al th y
or di na ry go ss ip s an d in di vi du al
em ot io na lly he al th y ne co nv er sa tio n. A na tio n w ith pe
ve r loses in te rn al pe ac op le
ar so n an d asi5ault am on e du e to un ne ce ss ar y di sp ut es
g its va rio us co m m un , riots,
(e) Physical health en iti es .
sures political health :
ha rm on y, to le ra nc e, In a st at e w he re pe op le
fo rb ea ra nc e an d w ith ar e liv in g in
hardly ta ke place th e rio tie s of on en es s fe el in g, th er e w
t, te rr or is t activities, ould
en tir e na tio n w ill de ve cr im in al iz at io n of po lit
fo rm th e go ve rn m en
lo eaps an d bo un ds . Th e gr ou
ic s an d the
p of su ch pe op le w ill
t t en su re m or e po lit th en
6. What are the signifi ic al fr ee do m to al l pe op le of In di a.
cant eatures of the Nat
s. Th e fe at ur es of th io na l Population Policy, 20
e na tio al po pu la tio 00?
n policy, 2000 ar e as fo
(a) To pr om ot e re sp llo w :
o ib le an d pl an ne d
pa re nt ho od on a vo lu
(bY To en ha nc e fa m jly nt ar y ba si s.
pl an ni ng pr og ra m m
co nt ro l m ea su re s. es an d la y sp ec ia l em
ph as is on th e bi rt h
(c) To im pa rt fr ee an
d co m pu ls or y sc ho ol
ed uc at io n up to 14 ye
(d) To re du ce in fa nt ar s of ag e.
m or ta lit y ra te to be lo
w 30 pe r 1,000 liv e bi
(e) To pr om ot e de la ye rt hs .
d m ar ri ag e fo r gi rl s
an d m ak e fa m ily w
pr og ra m m e. el fa re a pe op le ce nt
er ed
ence-lX t-/- - -- - - - - - - - -
l{ill) r-----------
. -----
 (ii) Cinchona tr
( )I ees are found 111
.
a OO an the areas of rainfall more than:
(c) 70an
(b)S0cm ~
(iii) In Which 0 f h
t e foll . (d) less than SO cm
(a) p un1ab
· owing stat ·
ea is the Similipal bioreserve located? /

(c) Odisha ,.,_,,,,,,,,,. (b) Delhi

(iv) Which one of the foll 0 . (d) West Bengal ·
wing
ioreserves of India is not included in the world ne 0 rk
b· tw
of bioreserve?
(a) Manas (Dihang-D·b
1 ang) v
(c) Gulf of Mannar (b) Nilgiri
,.\nS, (i) (d), (ii) (a), (iii) (c), (iv) (a). (d) Nanda Devi
2. Answer the following questio b .
Q·✓, . ns nefly:
✓ .W Define an ec~system. r

(b) Whah\factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals on the
eart .
~ What is a~ -re~~ry~_?_Give two examples.
(d) Name two animal~ having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
Ans. (a) The plants and animals are interdependent and interrelated to each other in, the
environment. In this way,- an ecosystem is formed. An ecosystem comprises the
physical environment and the organisms living therein. -1 .
(b) Distribution of plants and animals on the earth is determined primarily by climate.
The other factors are soil, land and drainage, thoughJinost of them are also
11
interrelated.
(c) (i) A biosphere reserve is a protected area where endangered species of plants and
animals are kept in their natural habitat. It is a part of a larger program to protect
and conserve our biological diversity.
(ii) The Sunderbans in the West Bengal and Nanda Devi in Uttarak~and are two
important biosphere reserves.
(d) (i) The animals of tropical vegetation are-1. Deer and 2. Monkey.
(ii) The animals of 1n ontane vegetation are 1. Kashmir stag and 2. Snow leopard.
~ Distinguish between:
(a) Flo'raandFauna
(b) Tropical Evergreen Forests an~ Deciduous Forests.
Ans. (a). ,;J ..
Flora ,Fauna
'
I ,
,
in a
refer-s to wildlif~ I" livirig
1. Flora refers to natural vegetation growing in 1. Fauna '
a particular area. particular area. , I
.
.
- al Science-IX\
-------1@).,..------ ----,--{!ocl
£7,- - r - - - - . - - --
2. It was the fi rst form of life appeared on the 2.
ec1.rth.
It appeared on the earth after
because of being their heterotroph Oar~
3. ltcanconvert solarenergyi ntofood energy. 3.
It is dependent on the flora fs.
survival. Or ·
Its
Ans. (b)

Tropical Evergreen Deciduous Forests

1. These forests are found in areas of getting 1.
These fores ts are found in ~
more than 200 ems rainfall. receiving rainfall betw een 200 cm area
70 ems. s anq
2. The trees in thes e forests shed their leaves at
2. The trees of these forests shed th .
different time i.e., at indefinit e time . .
Ieaves for a·bout six to e1ght weeks •e1r
therefore, they appear green all the year 1n a
dry sum mer.
arotmd.
3. These forests have tall trees reaching
3. These forests have shorter trees about
heights 60 m or even more . 20
mofheight.
4. Large number of species both in plant and
4. Less number of species are found.
animal kingdom are found.

Q:~ Name different types of vegetation found in

In~ia and describe the vegetation of
'W"' high altitudes.
Ans. Major vegetation types found in India are as und
er:
(a) Tropical rain forests (b) Tropical deciduous forests
(c) Thorn forests and scrubs (d) Montane forests
(e) Mangrove forests
Vegetation of High Altitudes : Here Alpine and Tun
dra type of vegetation are found.
This type of vegetation is generally found at more than
3600 rnts. height above the sea
level. The main features of such a type of vegetation are
as given:
(a) ~pi ne types of vegetation or forests ·are found here
. ..
(b) Trees like Siver fir, Junipers, Birche~ ~nd pines are
. -,. . ...-9", , ..
!9J.nrdhere.
(c) As these trees approach the sno"Y liile', they get prog
ressively stunted or shorter in
size or height..
(d) Ultimately, these trees turn into scrubs and shru
bs and merge with the Alpine
grasslands. These grasslands provide grass to the tribes like the
Bakarwals and Gujjars to feed their sheep and goats.
Q. ~ Quite a few species of plants and animals are
endangered in India. Why?
Ans. This is because of the following reasons:
(a) Indiscriminate poaching and htmtingof animals and
cutting of trees.
(b) Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste.
(c) Acid deposits.
\Socia\Sdence-\Xi....
1 -- -- -- -- -- 1@ L -- -- -- -- -- --
1
--
 tion of alien specie s.
(d Jntrodu c
) . g fore sts. for in h ab"1tat.
(e) CJearll1 ion an d ag nc.
ul tu re ow in g to increa sin
1ndia a ric h heritage of flora and fa g po pulatio.
n.
Q . b°
6 J _..Wh y ba s
An~ . un a?
Because of the followin . .
g factors, In di a ha s a nc
(a ) Te.rnpe rature h heritage of flora an d fa
: In di a ha s all ty pe s of una.
te m pe ra tu re i.e., cold,
suitable fo r th e existenc warm an d hot. So, it is
e of all ty pe s of flora an
(b) Sunlight : D ue to d fa un a.
lo ng er du ra tio n of su nl
suitable for th e fa un a al ig ht trees grow faster in
so. the summer. It is
(c) Rain fall : R ainf
all ha s a di re ct im pa ct
on the gr ow th of bo th
receives muc h rainfall flora and fauna. In di a
du e to th e monsoons.
So, every ty pe of flora
fo un d here. an d fauna is
(d) Soil: Almost all ty pe
s of soils ar e fo un d in
India. So, there are diffe
vegetation or fo re st s. re nt varieties of
(e) Relief : Differ en t
relief fe at ur es are fo un
pl ateaus. Th es e ar e he d in ln di a su ch as plai
lp fu l in de ve lo pi ng diffe ns, m ou nt ai ns an d
rent ty pes of flora an d fa
un a.
r 3. In which of the followmg . t . the Simlip al bio-reserve loc
sta e is ated?
(b) Delhi
(a) P~jab
(d) We st Beng al
(c) Onssa .
4. Which one of the follow . of India is not included in the
ing bio-reserves world netw
bioreserve? 0rk
Qf
(b) Dihang-Di ang b
(a) Mana s
(c) Gulfof Mannar (d) Nandadevi
5. Rega rding plant diversity . .
, Ind ia occ up1es .......... .............. p1 intheworld:
(a) fou rth ace
(b) seven th
(c) ten th
(d) twelfth
6. Animal species in India are
about :
(a) 90,000
(b) 80,000
(c) 70,00 0
(d) 60,000
7. Tropical Deciduous forest
s are also called :
(a) Evergreen forests
(b) Monsoon forests
(c) Subtropicalforests
(d) Mangroves
8. The wet temperate type of
forests are found between a heigh
(a) 600-lO00metres t of:
(b) 1000-lS00metres
(c) 1000-2000 metres
(d) 1000-3000 metres
9. Which is the only country
in the world that has both tigers
(a) Bangladesh and lions?
(b) SouthAfrica
(c) America
10. How many biosphere res (d) India
erves have been set up in India
(a) twenty to protect flora and fauna?
(b) sixteen
(c) fou rteen (
[Ans.: 1. (d), 2. (a), 3. (b), 4_.(~h-?· (d) ten
'(c), 6. (a), 7. (b), 8. (c), 9. (d), 10.
Very Short Answer Type Q11es (c).]
tions
1. Defin e an ecosystem.
Aris:" All the plants and animals in· an area are int
erdependent and interrelated
physical environment, thus for to each other in their
ming an ecosystem . Human be
the ecosystem. They utilize the ing s are also an integral part of
vegetation and wild life .
2. What factors are responsible
for the distribution of plants an
Ans. The factors responsible for d animals in India?
the distribution of plants (flora)
(a) Relief factors and animals (fauna) in India are
:
•L an d • Soil
(b) Climate
• Temperature • Photoperiod (sunlight)
3. Name two animals having ha • Precipitation
bitat in tropical and montane typ
Ans. Anim als found in Tropica e of vegetation .
l forests are lion, tiger, pig, de
Montane forests are Kashmir er and elephant. Animals fou
stag, spotted deer, wild sheep nd in
snow leopard, squirrels ', sha , jac k rab bit Tibetan, antelope, yak,
ggy horn wild ibex, bear and
with thick hair. rar e an d panda, sheep and goats
4. What is natural veg etation
or virgin vegetation?
Ans. It refers to a plant com
munity which has grown natur
ally without human aid, and
has been
\~otia\ Stience-lX 1
1
@ t - - - - - - -- - - - - - -
--
 t 10 p
""I f 11 is genera 11 ), .,.J'ouped
o . categories.
into3 broad
1
a. CJ,oPulotionof ana ,oeJow JS yea cs) 11,ey are econom1ca\l y unproductive and need to be
Pro"ldren
id d (genernlly b .
. I food clothmg, ed u catio n .and mL•d teal ca. re.

b. Workinc, w,t,( 15-5~)

TJ"le,, cog Age They arc cco~om1ca\ly productive and biological by reproductive.
· wo r kin g population.
. ., the
J n1pnsc , . be economically prod f l
c. Aged (above 59 yea rs) They ca n . uc ive t iough they may have retired.
They may be
recru.itni ent. working volu ntanly but they are not available for employmen t through

9. Kero
1000 la had in
!hales a sex ratio of 1058 females per 1000 males whereas Delhi has only 821 females per
2001.

111. Acco rd tandi

unders ing tong
theinCcnsu s of 2001 '. a person aged 7 yea rs and above who can read and wri le with
nny langua ge 1s treated as hterate.

I I. The fo: females).

literacy
SJ.67% rate in the cou ntry as per the Census of 200! is 64.84% (75.26% for males and
,_.1
Jn India abo!lt64% of the population is engaged only in agriculture.
I.1 . Sustained govemmen
of the Indian I programmes have led lo si gni fican I irn provements in health condition
population.

!4. Safe drinking

population .. water and basic sanitation amenities are available I/3rd of the rural
10
15
, _Adolescents are generally grouped in the age group of 10-19 years. They are the most
important resources for the .future.
16
_The Government oflnd ia initiated the comprehensive Family Planning Programme in 1952.
17
_The NPP 2000 provides
education up to 14 years ofaage.
policy framework for imparting free and compulsory school
18
It also includes achieving universal immunization of children against all vaccine preventable
· diseases, !'ioinoting delayed marriage for girls and making family welfare a people-centered
programme ..

EXERCISE
Objective Type Questions
~· k(l)againstthecorrectanswer: . .
1 Migrations
IIC . change th e numb er, distribution and compositionf of the
. lpopulation m :
· (b) the area o .arnva
(a) the area of depaf ~ture tureand arrival
(c) both the area o epar V .(d) none of'f ·the above
. f hildren in a popufation 1s a resu 1to •
2. Alargeproportiono c (b) highlifeexpectancies
(a)
( ) high deathrat\;1/
high birth rates (d) more married couples

c 1 f growth refers to: h "" /

3. The magnitude of popu a mn (b) the numberof persons added eac ye~ ,
(a) the total population of an are~ .
hich the population mcreases (d) the number of females per thousand males
4 (c) therateatw
According to the Census_2001 'a "literate"personisonewho :
· (a) Canrea d and write his/her name
d d write any language l d •standing /
(b) can
. rea and an d can read and write any
rsol . language
.) wit 1 un er ' '7 .
(c) is 7 yea 1 3 'R's(reading, writing, anthmetic ½;ocial Science-1X'
(d) knows t 1e -~.---------- i@L------- -~~~~~~~
 5. As per CC' nsus 2011 , In
dia's po pulation was r.
(a) ].] 2b i ll ion (b) 1.21 billi o v
(c) 1.25 billion (d) 1.30_billion
6 As per census 2011, th . .
. (.i)
38v e de nsity of populat io .
n U1 India was .
(b) 398
.

(c) 328
7. Peop le of which age gr (d) 3~9 . . .
oup is cons idered as th e wo
(n) Sto 15 ycars rking populat10n?
(c) 20 to60y (b) 15 to 5 9 y ea v
ea rs .
8. Thclndian state that ha (d) 18to60years
s th e highest se t ratio is :
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Andhra Pradesh (b) Delhi
9. As per NPP2000, which (d) K er aJ v .
of the follow.ing is th e majo .
(a) Children r section of Indian populat
ion?
(c) old or aged people (b) ad ol es ce nt v
10 . The government of
. (d) women
India initiated.t11~ compr
(a) 1948 eh en sive Family Planning Pr
ogramme in:
(c) 1970 (b) 195)/
[Ans.: 1. (c),2. (a),3. (b), 4. (d) 198lJ
(c), 5. (b), 6. (a); 7. (b), 8. (d
Very Short Answer Type ), 9. (b), 10.(b).]
Questions
1. Define age structure
, death rate arid birth rate.
Ans. Age Structure : Ag
e structure means the nu
population. mber of people in differe
nt age groups in a given
Death Rate: Death rate
is the number of live birth
s per thousand persons
Birth Rate: Birthrate is in a year.
the number of live births
2. What is population pe r th ousand pe~sons in a year.
growth?
Ans. Population grow
th refers to the change
during specific period of in the number of inhabi
tim tants of a country/territor
' ., e. . y
3. Name the organisatio
n which provides us w
country. ith information regardin
g the population of our
· -· ~ns. TheCensusofln
dia.
4. Which is the (i) most po
\'• '
pulous state oflndia?
(ii) least populous state
of India?
·Ans. (i) Most populous-
Uttar Pradesh ·
(ii) Least populous - Sikk
im .
5. What is the growth of
population?
Ans. It refe rs to the chan
ge in the number of in
habitants ot a country/te
pe rio d of time. rritory during a specific
@ 'Grow th of populati~
n is expressed in two way
A ns . (i) Abs olutenum s.' Mention.
ber.
(ii) Percenta ge change
.

----------1@B
\Social Science- 1x1-\
)I-------------
- --
.i,illii
 3. By-Election is the election which is held
(a) directly
(b) Indirectly
(c) to fiU up a vacancy in the Jegislatuy . .
(d) when a legislature is dissolved before the ~xprry of it~ nor~a~ term.
4. Which of the folJowing is not a feature of Election system m India.
(a) Universal Adult Franchise
(b) Secret Voting
(c) Reservation of seats in the legislature for the members of Scheduled Castes and Schedu
led
Tribes
(d) Communal Elec tor~
s. Following is a weakness (Challenge to) Indian election system:
(a) Secret Ballot (b) Use of Electronic Voting_Machines
(c) MisuseofOfficialMachinezy (d) UniversalAdultFranch1se
6. In Democracy Elections are important because:
(a) the formation of government becomes easy.
(b) they help in the formation of opposition party
(c) they are a check on the working of the government
(d) al~ of t~e ~b~ . . .
7. In India, mirnmum age hm1t to becom ·a voter 1s:
(a) 18yeart} (b) 21 years
(c) 25years (d) 28years
8. The minimum age to become a can idate in elections is :
(a) 18years 1 (b) 21years
(c) 25yea.__rs/ / (d) 28years
[Ans.: 1. (d), 2:(a), 3. (c), 4. (d), 5. (c), 6. (d), 7. (a), 8. (c).]
Very Short Answer Type Questions
{!)What is an Electoral Roll or Voter's List? What is its importance?
Ans. It is a list which carries the names of the persons who are eligible to vote.
It is important because a voter can caste his/her vote if his/her name is in the voter's list.
---& Define elections.
Ans. It is a mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regula
r intervals and
change them if they wish to do so. . .
--(5) "Elections are considered essential for any representative democracy." Justify.
Ans. (i) In a representative democracy, people rule through their representatives.
(ii) It gives an opportunity to the people to decide who will make laws for them.
@ Define constituency.
Ans. For elections, the entire country is divided into tixe~ electoral areas with a body
of registered
voters. These areas are called constituencies...:-· ·. 1 ' , -.
--6) ~ention any two disadvantages of having political competition.
Aps. (1) It creates a sense of disuni ty ad factionalism. .
,' (ii) Parties and candidates often use dirty tricks to win elections.
6. Define Universal Adult Franchise.· ,
Ans. :~e?' c~tiz~n of India who is 18 years of age or above has the right to vote
witho ut any
iscnnunation of case, creed, colour, sex, religion, etc.

~
~
ence-lx1-
 L1It can take up disputes:
C0
preme citizen
17. Su
s of the country.
(a) Between
(b) Betwee
n citizens and government.
(c) Between two or more State Governments.
(d) Between governments at the union and state level.

18· The 1·udges do not act on the directions of the gove

Party in power. That's why all mode m democraci·esmmen
h
t or ac d'
cor mg to the wishes of the
.
legislature and the executive. ave courts that · d
India has achieved this. are m ependent of the
-#-
EXERCISE
Objective Type Questions
Tick (✓)against the correct answer:
t. Lok Sabha (House of people) is:
(a) more powerful than Rajya Sabha (Council of State)
(b) less powerful than Rajya Sabha
(c) both houses enjoy equal powers
(d) noneoftheabove
2. President is:
(a) nominal head of the state
(b) head of the Government
(c) realheadofthestate
(d) noneof these
3. President of India is elected:
(a) directlybythepeople
(b) by member of both the houses of parliament
(c) by State _Legislature
(d) elected indirectly by the me_mbers of an electoral college
4. The meeting of Rajya Sabha is presided over by:
(a) President (b) Speaker
(c) PrimeMinister (d) Vice-Presidentoflndia
5. President can declare Emergency when:
(a) Prime Minister advises him to do so
(b) Parliament advises him to declare emergency
(c) The council of Ministers, in writing, advises him to do so
(d) Home Minister asks him to do so
6. Prime Minister of India is:
(a) elected directly by the people
(b) appointed by the President
(c) appointed by Chief Election Commissioner
(d) elected by the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
7. AJudge of the Supreme Court can be removed by:
(a) Presidentoflndia
(b) the Prime Minister
(c) the President after an address by the Parliament
(d) theSpeaker

-- ------ -- ----- --- l@ ~-- --- --- -1 ~ocia1Sclence-1XI

 -. -- -
--
many members
8. How to th e Rajya Sabha . ted
are nonuna b the President?
(a) twelve y
(b) ten
(c) fifteen (d) twenty
9. Who appo
ints the Chief
Justice of India
(a) PrimeMin ?
ister" (b) President
(c) CabinetM
inister (d) CabinetS
10. The Rajya ecretary
can only delay
any Bill for:
(a) onemonth
(c) fourteen d (b) oneyear
ays
lAns.: 1. (a), 2 (d) twenty da
. (a), 3. (d), 4. (d ys
), 5. (c), 6. (b), 7
Very Short An . (c), 8. (a). 9. (b
swer Type Qu ), 10. (c)1
estions
1. Name the th
ree organs of
Ans. (i) Execu the Governme
tive (ii) Legisla nt.
te (iii) Judiciary
2. Who is the
head of the sta
Ans. The Presi te and the hea
dent is the hea d of the govern
d of the state w ment in India
h ?
3. What is aPa e reas Prime Min
rliament? Nam ister is the h e a
Ans. It is the su e the two house d of the govern
preme law ma s of the Parlia ment.
king body of In m ent.
(i) LokSabha dia. It has two
houses:
(ii) Rajya Sab
ha
4. Define inst
itutions.
Ans. The arra
ngements whic
h are made in m
5. Name the in odem democra
stitutions that cies to ru n the
Ans. The Prim take all import government.
e Minister and an t policy decisio
the Cabinet. n s.
6. Name the in
stitution where
Ans. The Supre disputes betw
me Court. een citizens an
d the governm
7. Who appo ent are finally
ints the Prime settled.
Ans. The Prim M in iste r?
e Minister is a
ppointed by th
8. What is the e President.
tenure of the P
rime Minister?
Ans. No~m~~
y a Prime Min
maionty suppo ister is elected
rt. So the Prime for 5 years, b
Minister does ut remains in
9. Definejud
iciary. not have a fixed power till he
tenure. enjoys the
Ans. All the c
ourts at differe
10. Which is nt levels in a co
the highest cou untry are calle
rt o f ln d the judiciary
Ans. The Sup dia? .
reme Court.
11. State any
two powers of
Ans. (i) Th the Supreme C
e Supreme Co ourt of India.
urt acts as the g
uardian of fun
damental righ
ts.
 W J, jc h o f
4 th e
fo ll o w in g s ta
· (a ) R ig h t is te m e n ts is n
a c la im o f th o t correct?
go vernment e in d iv id u a l o v e r o th
e r fellow b e
(b ) A c la im
be in g s , o v e r th
c o m e s R ig h e society a n
(c) I t s h o u ld t o n ly w h e n d
b e s a n c ti o n it is r e c o g n is 0
(d) R ig h ts a ed by Law e d b y s o c ie ty "er t\-i~
r e n o t u n li m
5. W h ic h o it e d .
f th e f o ll o w
C o n s ti tu ti o in g Fundame
n '? n ta l R ig h ts
(a) R ig h t to w a s c a ll e d
E q u a li ty b y Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar
(b) R ig h t to a s •s
Freedom
(c) R ig h ta g o u1of th~
a in s tE x p lo
(d ) R ig h t to it a ti o n
C o n s ti tu ti o
6 . W h ic h n a l R e m e d ie
o f th e f o ll s
C o n s ti tu ti o o w in g is n o t
n? in c lu d e d in
(a) E q u a li ty th e 'R ig h t
before Law to E q u a li ty
' a s g iv e n
(b) A b o li ti b y the lndi
o n o f U n to u
(c) E q u a li ty c h a b il it y an
o f o p p o r tu n
(d) E c o n o m it y in m a tt e
ic E q u a li ty r s of e m p lo y
7 . W h ic h o ment
f th e f o ll o w
(a) F r e e d o in g f r e e d o m
m to c ri ti c is s is n o t a v a il
e ~ e a b le to a n I n
(b) F r e e d o m governmen d ia n citizen
to p a r ti c ip a t ?
(c) F r e e d o m te i n a r m e d
to s ta r t a m o r e v o lu ti o n
(d ) F r e e d o m v e m e n t to c
to o p p o ~ e th h a n g e th e g
8. W h ic h o e c e n tr a l v a overnment
f th e f o ll o w lu e s o f th e C
(a) R ig h tt o in g r ig h ts is o n s ti tu ti o n
work a v a il a b le u n
d e r th e I n d ia
(b) R ig h t to n C o n s ti tu ti
a d e q u a te li v on?
(c) R ig h tt o e li h o o d
p r o te c to n e
(d ) R ig h tt o 's c u lt u r e
p r iv a c y -
{ A n s . :1 .( c )
, 2 . (b ), 3 . (b
V e r y Shor ), 4 . (d ), 5 . (a
t A n s w e r Ty ), 6 . (d ), 7 . (b
p e Q ), 8 . (c)]
1 . De-fine R u e s t io n s
ig h ts .
A n s . R ig h ts
a r e re a s o n a b
governmen le c la im s o f
t re c o g n is e d persons ove
b r o th e r fe ll o
2 . D e f in e F y society a n d w b e in g s o v
u n d a m e n ta s a n c ti o n e d b e r th e society
Ans. l Rights. y la w. , a n d over the
F u n d a m e n ta
l R ig h ts a re
o v e r a ll d e v e th o s e b a s ic
lo p m e n t of a c o n d it io n s
3 . D e f in e th p e r s o n. T h e w h ic h a r e c
e r u le o f law se are guara o n s id e r e d e
Ans. It mea . D o y o u th in n te e d u n d e r
th e C o n s ti tu
ssential for th
n s th a t th e la k th e r u le o f ti
e
Yes, th e r u le w s a p p ly in th la w p r e v a il s in o n.
o f la w p re v a e same mann I n d ia ?
e r to all, r e g
4 . M e n ti o n a n y o n e e il s in In d ia . A
ll a r e e q u a l a r d le s s of a p e r s o
An The S x c e p ti o n to th in th e e y e s n 's status.
ta te m a y m a e R ig h t to E q o f law.
s . I t is n e c e ke any u a li ty a s a F
s s a r y to g iv special p r o v is io n for w u n d a m.e n ta
l Right. Give
nsure equa e s pecial tr e a tm o m e n a n d child reasons also.
l o p e n t to s o m e re n.
e p o rt u n it w e clf~r section
5 . M e n ti"o n a n y tw o fr e e d o ym. s of th e soc
iety in o rd e
s p r o v id e d u r to
n d e r R ig h t to
F re e d o m .
g-scien ---------
~ -1(§)
 (iii) It is also es se nti al to pro tec
t an d develop flora an d fauna for fut
Bowever, it is as su red tha t it wi ure generation.
ll be only at the cost of pro pe r reh
(c) Report of th e NHRC
abilitation.
In ord er to pr op er co mp en sa tio .
n to the forest-dwellers, the Go
· Pradesh mu st en su re the follow vernment of M ad hy a
ing things:
(i) Their hu tm en ts sh ou ld be
constructed well in advance an d
be ma de pr op erl y. their allotment sh ou ld
(ii) Lo an s at lo w ra te of int ere
st sh ou ld be given for setting new
(iii) Pr op er tra ini ng sh ou ld be bu~iness.
given to sta~t some small enterpri
Q.10- Dr aw a we b ses.
int er co nn ec tin g dif fer en t rig
hts discussed in this chapter.
right to fre ed om of mo ve me For ex am ple
nt is co nn ect ed to the freedom
for th is is th at fre ed om of mo of occupation. 9n e rea son
ve me nt en ab les a person to go
on e's vil lag e or city or to an oth to place of wo rk wi th in
er vil lag e, city or state. Similarly
for pi lgr im ag e, co nn ec ted wi thi s right can be us ed
th freedom to fol low one's rel
ea ch rig ht an d ma rk ar ro ws igion. Dr aw a circle for
that sh ow connection be tw ee n
For ea ch arrow, giv e an ex am or among different rights.
ple that sh ow s the linkage.
Ans,
Cu ltu ral and
Ed uca tio nal
Rights

Ri gh ts ag ainst Rig hts to

Ex plo ita ito n Fre edo m of
Religion

Right to
t
Rig ht to
Freedom

Const itu tion al

Rem edies

Social Science-I)(

~
 IN BRIEF
l. Fooct security of a nation is ensured if all of its citizens h .. food avai lable,
all p b f d f ave enough nutnhoLI 5
ersons have thecapacity to uy oo o acceptablequ r1 . barrier onaccess
to fooct. a ty and there ts no

2. The people living below the poverty line might b_e food insecure all the time while better off
People might also tum food insecure due to calamity or disaster.
3. Although a large section of people suffer from food an_d nutrition insecurity in India, the worst
aff:cted groups are landless or land poor house~olds m rural a_reas and people employed in ill
paid occupations and casual labourers engaged m seasonal activities in the urban areas.
4 · The food insecure people are dispropor~on~tely large in some ~egions of the country, such as
economically backward states with high incidence of poverty, tribal and r~mote areas, regions
more prone to natural disasters etc.
S. To ensure availability of food to all sections of the society the Indian government carefully
designed food security system, which is composed of two components: (a) buffer stock and (b)
public distribution system.
6. In addition to PDS, various poverty alleviation programmes were also started which
comprised a component of food security. Some of these p:ogrammes are: Integrated Child
Development Services (ICDS); Food-for-Work (FFW); Mid-Day Meals; Antyodaya Anna
Yojana (AAY) etc.
7. In addition to the role of the government in ensuring food security, there are various
~ cooperatives and NGOs also working intensively towards this direction.

EXERCISE
~Objective Type Questions
Tick (✓)against the correct answer:
1. Seasonal hunger is related to :
(a) An expression of poverty (b) Cycles of food growing and harvesting
(c) Absolute hunger thourghout the year (d) Noneofthese
2. Foodsecuritymeans :
(a) Affordability and availability of food for all (b) To keep food under security
(c) To secure food for the future (d) All of the above
3. When was the integrated Child Development Services introduced on an experimental basis?
(a) 1975 - _ (b) 1981
(c) 1973 · ·-(cl) 1980
4. Revamped Public Distribution System (RPDS) aimedtopi:_ovide the benefits of PDS to:
(a) Cities (b) Self-help groups
(c) Cooperative societies (d) Remote and backward areas
5. The other name for' market price' is:
(a) Minimum Price (b) MaxirnumPrice
(c) Issue Price (d) Proposed Price
6. Public Distribution System (Ration Shops) in India was started in :
(a) 1940s (b) 1950s
(c) 1960s (d) 1970s
[Ans.: 1. (b), 2. (a), 3. (a), 4. (d), 5. (c), 6. (a).]

" Isocial Scie~ce-lX ~I- -- - - - - - - ~(ffi)r------- - -- - - - - - - -

 EXERCISE
Objective Type Q
uestions
Tick (✓ ) against the
correct answer:
1. C o lo n ia l st at
e re g ar d ed fo re st
(a) n o m an 's la nd s as :
(c) source o fr ev
en u e '!)Iunproductive an d wil,vt '
W Between 1700 an d 19 (d) sign of balance
derness
95, h o w m u ch of d eco-system
(a) 9% the world's total ar
ea w as cleared of
forests?
~ 9 .3%
~~J.
(b) 9.2%
~as_ ap p o in te d th (d) 9.7%
(-a, D ie tr ic h B ra e first In sp ec tor General of Fo
n d is rests in ~ d ia ?
(c) George Yule (b) L o rd R ea d in
g .3
4. E ac h m il e o f (d) MaharajaofS
ra il w ay tr ac k re q u ir u rg tl J
(a) b et w ee n 1670 ed :
-2200 sl ee p er s (b) 3 to 5 sl ee p er
4Q/1-760-2000 sl s
ee p er s (d) 35,000trees
5. O ra o n s ar e tr
(a) B ih a r ib al s fr o m w h ic
h st at e of India?
· (b) Qrissa(Od
(c) C h at ti sg ar h ish a) .,, .
~ W h r' 7 e re th (~ ar k h an d
e co lo n ia l m as te rs of Ja
W -O u tc h va?
(c) Americans (b) E n g li sh
7. Im p er ia l F o re <«'Chinese
st
(a i{ } eh ra d u n R es er v e In st it u te w as set u p in :
(c) B an g al o re (b) Mussourie
@ W h o am o n g th e
following was lead · (a) S la
er of rebel forestim ers in A n d h ra P ra
(a) B ir sa M
(c) K an u u n d a d es h ?
(b) S id d h u
9. Which of th e fo (~ A ll u ri S it a R a
llowing w as n o t a m R a ju
feature o fb la n d o
(a) re n te x em p ti n g d ie n st en sy st em
?
(b) free la b o u r a o n .
n d b u ff al o es for
~ )--fig h t to cu lt iv cu tt in g forests
at e forest la n d
(d ) free la b o u r
10. W h ic h of th e fo r tr an sp o rt at io n
fo ll o w in g is a n ew
d ev el o p m en t in
(~ o n se rv a ti o n fo re st ry ?
of forests
(b) collecting ti m r
b er
(c) scientificfore
stry
(d) k ee p in g co m
m u n it ie sa w ay fr
lAns.: 1. (b), 2, ~c), o m fo re st s .
3. (a), 4. (c), 5. (d), 6.
VeryShort Answer Typ (a), 7. (a), 8. (d), 9. (c), 10. (a)]
e Questions
(» D efine deforestatio
n.
Anf!\ D is ap p :a ra n ce of
fo
11:J Where 1s Bastar loca rests is re fe rr ed to as d ef o re st at io n
ted?
A n s. Bastar is lo ·
Orissa and ca Mteahdarinasthhetrso
a. u th er n m o st p ar t Of C h .
atti
sgarh. lt b o rd e rs
st a te s o f, A n d h ra
/Social Science-IX Pradesli
,,'_ _ _____
__ _J®r-------
 What do you under stand by 'bugyals'?
4· (a) dry forests
(b) high meado ws
(c) ariver (d) alake
ri,e a1ten1a tion of monso on and dry season define d the rythm of:
5
· (a) Gaddi s (b) Gujjar Bakar wals
(c) Berbers . (d) Gollas
When did the Raikas of B<:1rme r stayed in their villages?
6
' (a) during monso ons (b) during winte r
(c) during summ er' (d) never
. In which of the follow ing states are Banja ra's to be found ?
7
(a) U.P., Punjab, Andh ra Prade sh
(b) Punjab, Rajast han, Madh ya Prade sh
(c) Mahar ashtra , Madh ya Prade sh, Kama taka
(d) U.P., Punjab, Jamm u and Kashm ir
s. In which year was the Crimi nal Tribes Act was passe d in India?
(a) 1857 (b) 1861 .
(c) 1871 . · .(d) 1885
9. Before 1947, Raika s could graze their sheep upto which place in Pakist an?
(a) Lahore (b) Karac hi
(c) Islama bad (d) Sindh
10. The Serengeti Natio nal Park is locate d in:
(a) Kenya (b) Tanza nia
(c) South Africa (d) Nami bia
[Ans.: 1. (b ), 2. (a), 3. (c), 4. (b ), 5. (d), 6. (a), 7. (b), 8. (c), 9. (d), 10. (b)]
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Gujjar herde rs origin ally belon g to which state.
Ans. The Gujjar herde rs origin ally came from the state of Jamm u and Kashm ir. In
the 19th centu ry
search for pastur es broug ht them to hills of Uttar Prade sh.
2. What is the patter n of migra tion of Gujja r herde rs?
Ans. The Gujjar herde rs in winte rs came down to the dry, forest s of the bhaba r and
in summ ers they
went up to the high mead ows i.e., the bugya ls.
3· Name
any five impor tant pasto ral noma dic comm unitie s found in Indi~ in
the moun tains,
plains, platea u and desert region s.
·
Ans. (a) Moun tains: Gujjar s Bakar wala, Gadd i's.
(b) Plains and Platea u: Dhan gars, Banja ras.
(c) Deser t Regio n: Raika s.
4
· Gi ve names of any two pasto ral comm unitie s of Africa .
Ans. (a) Bedou ins (b) Berbe rs.
~ Define noma ds.
Ans. Nom ads are the p eop le who move frr11~ ~ __ _ ,
 Chapter-3 ': Drainage
~Rivers; (Identification Only)
. (a) The Himalayan River Systems- The Indus, The
Ganges and Toe Satluj
(b) The Peninsular rivers - The Narmada, The
Tap i, The Kaveri, The Krishna, The God avari
Mahanadi
Lakes_:~ular, Pulicat, Sambhar, Chilika, Vemban '
1 ad, Kolleru

,; .-·r·'• ✓ •\ ·,
.:.. \. . - ..... INDIA
,I
I (Rivers and Lakes)
,I
Bhakra Dam

,.~·
,/
(

I
(

..,..,,1 •l ,'!

.. '
"',J I',_.,. )1.~~'
• r. ·]i;· p;.
,'.! ~\i~t>·V-:~~···,/: f~j!,
'NDIAN~ •.
,.~ •~ ' •!<I

ISocial Science-IX I @ ) ,- - - - - - - - - - -