COUPLINGS, GEAR TRAINS, AND V-BELT DRIVES Section 2 Gear TrainsSECTION 2 GEAR TRAINS Introduction 1, Work is done when thing and makes it is applied to some- 2. In which of the situations below is work being done? SSUMEG 8. Work Is not belng done in B because nothing is 4, Work is measured by how much force is used and how far something moves. ‘The amount of work being done here ean be measured as 12 pounds moving - 5. The amount of work de not affected by how fast it is done, It (takes/does not take) more work to move the 12 pound dlock in a second rather than in a minute, 29 energy, or force move moving 10 feet, does not take6. Which situation shown below requires more work? es both the same both the same Which situation shown below requires more work? Si} Doth the same 308. Which of the following factors affect the measurement of work? ____ A. How far something must be moved. ____B. How fast gomething must be moved. ____C. How much foree is needed to move some- thing. 9, Power ig a measurement of how much and how fast _________ is being done. 10, Which of the following factors affect the measurement of power? A. How far something must be moved. ___B. How fast something must be moved. —__G. How much foree is needed to move some- thing. 11, The main difference between a measure of work and a measure of power is: how fust the work must be done. how much work must be done. 12. ‘Two machines can do the same amount of work. A. They both produce the same amount of power. —__B. You can’t tell which produces the most, power unless you know the speed at which the work is done. 18. Horsepower is specific measurement of power. TV AINUTE One horsepower (HP) is the amount of power needed to lift pounds — foot in = minute. 31 work amp how fast the work must be done 33,000; one one14. Which motor shown below is producing more power? Motor A ‘Motor A Motor B 15. Which motor shown below is producing more power? Motor B Motor B 8216. ‘The amount of power produced increases when a machine does ____ work or does the work 17. These pumps are pumping the same liquid, Pump (A/B) needs more power. 18. Power depends on: how —___of a substance must be moved, how far it must be moved, and how _____ it must be moved. Force and Power 18. A lever can be used to move things, A lever can produce 20. ‘The lever which produces more force is lever (A/B). 21, Th would be easier to move the rock with lever (A/B) 22, The longer the handle on a lever, the the amount of force It can produce. 33 more faster ‘mach fast force A A greater28, Torque is a twisting force. Torque is invelved in (A/B/C). A 24, is needed to make a shaft turn. Torque 25. A wrench can be used to exert torque on a shaft, The amount of torque produced is______if. inoreased, or greater the Iength of the wrench is increased. 26. Both of these wrenches exert torque, With the same push or pull on the handle, wrench B (A/B) exerts the greater torque. 3427. Which handle must move a greater distance to turn the shaft? y oN et B 28. If point X and point ¥ move at the same speed, which wrench moyes around in a circle the soonest? ——Wreneh A Wrench A Wrench B 29. Remember, power depends on speed as well as amount. of work,80. Although 2 short wrench dees not produce as much torque per revolution as the long wrench, it can be turned jaster. ‘The short wrench (can/cannot) be made to produce as can much power as the long wrench. 81. Torque is one part of the power measurement of a machine. ‘The other is the ________ of the machine, speed 82. High torque at low speed ean represent the same amount of power as low torque at_________ speed. high How Gears Affect Power 33. In relation to torque and speed, a gear works some- thing like a wrench. SS ‘The larger the gear, the greater the amount of (torque/ speed) it can transmit, torque 84, But a smaller gear can be made to transmit as much power as the larger gear by making it turn ——__, faster 35. ‘This small gear is mounted on the shaft of the prime mover. ‘The small gear turns ____ than the large gear. faster 8830. The large gear turns slower, but produces more a torque 8%. The total amount of power transferred from the small gear to the large gear stays about the same. ‘The form of power (changes/remains the same), changes 88. High speed is converted to high ____. torque 38. Look at this gear situation. Power in the form of high torque is changed to power in the form of high __ speed 40. What is happening here? PRIME MOVER —— Sheed is being changed to torque. ‘Speed is being changed to ‘Porque is being changed to speed. torque. No change is made. 37Why Gears Are Used i 45, 46. 47 48, ‘Torque is one aspect of power. ese Which of these shafts has the higher torque? ——A B Speed is also an aspect of power, Making a small shaft turn at high RPM may pro- duce the same power as turning a larger shaft at = RPM. The power a prime mover produces is a combination of = —_and Let’s say an engine has high torque, but operates at low RPM. ‘This means that the engine can move « large load but at _____ speed. A small steam turbine has low torque, but high RPM, This turbine can move a (large/small) load at (high/ low) speed. ‘Thus, a prime mover with high torque and low speed may put out the same amount of power as a prime mover with torque and speed. ‘The transmission of a car is actually a set of gears. In different situations, a car’s rear wheels need dif- ferent amounts of torque and —_____, ‘The transmission (gear apeed changer) connects the engine crankshaft to the drive shaft, differential, axle, and rear wheels. For the car to move, the wheels must 38 low torque; speed low small high low} high speed turn, or rotate49, Bi. 62, 68, BA, BB. 59, Power from the engine is transmitted to the drive shaft, differential, axle, and rear wheels through this ‘To start the car up from a dead stop, the wheels need a lot of torque from the engine, But at startup, the wheels should turn relatively (fast/ slowly). At startup, tho ear needs (high/low) torque and (high/ low) RPM, At startup, the engine's speed is much faster than the wheels’ speed, At siartap, the transmission must change high speed o— — torque, “Pirst gear” of the car's transmission reduces the RPM delivered to the wheels, High RPM is converted to high _____to start the car moving. After the ear starts to move, less torque is needed to Keep the wheels turning. ‘The next set of gears does not have to deliver es much power, but the wheels need more to move the car faster. First gear delivers low —sthigh = ‘Third gear delivers high at low . Every machine has a speed at which it operates best, depending on how much torque ar speed it neods, When the best or optimum spood of the prime mover and the driven equipment is the seme, a set of gears (is/is net) needed, But when the two optimum speeds are different, a gear speed changer may he needed. ‘The speed changer allows both pieces of equipment to operate at thelr______ speeds. A 1750 RPM motor drives a pump which operates at 800 RPM, A speed (increaser/reducer) is used, A piston engine which runs at 380 RPM operates a pump which must be run at L000 RPM. A speed (reducer/increaser) is used. 39 transmission slowly high high torque speed RPM, or speed; torque RPM, or speed; torque is not best, or optimum reducer Inereaser60. Gears are expensive. Ideally, pumps and compressors are connected to thelr prime movers by (speed changers/a direct coupling). 61. However, if a speed changer must be used, the smaller the amount of speed change, the more efficient it is, ‘To run a 1000 RPM compressor, a (1750/3500) RPM. electric motor is more desirable. 62. A steam turbine works best at high RPM and low torque; a compressor needs high torque at low RPM, A speed reducer connecting these two machines con- verts the turbine's RPM to 68. A diesel engine produces high torque at relatively low RPM. If the diesel engine is connected to a high-speed pump, its torque must be converted to 64. To connect the diesel engine to the pump, use a speed (inereaser/reducer), 65, A speed reducer is a torque_ 66. A torque reducer is 2 speed How Gear Trains Are Used As Speed Changers 67. A gear train is a series of ears which mesh with each other. A gear train is made up of two or more —__ 68. In the gear train above, gear A is mounted on the of the prime mover. Gear B is mounted on the —____ equipment. —of the driven 40 a direct coupling 1750 torque RPM, or speed ineveaser inereasor inereaser gears shaft shaft