A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON
STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT
OYO STATE MINISTRY OF LANDS, HOUSING AND
URBAN DEVELOPMENT SECRETARIAT, AGODI, IBADAN.

BY

AKANO MICHAEL OLAOLUWA

MATRIC. NO. 192550

SUBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING,
FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES,
LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,
OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B. TECH) IN URBAN AND
REGIONAL PLANNING LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY, OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE

JULY, 2023
 CERTIFICATION
I hereby confirm that the student named Akano Michael Olaoluwa, with matriculation number
192550, who is studying in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the Faculty of
Environmental Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, has
successfully completed a six-month Industrial Training Program. He carried out this program
at the Oyo State Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Secretariat, located in
Agodi, Ibadan. This report, authored by him, highlights the valuable knowledge he gained
during his training period.

_______________________ __________________
Michael Olaoluwa Akano Date
Student

_______________________ __________________
Tpl. Mustapha T. Date
Industry-Based Supervisor

_______________________ __________________
Dr. (Mrs.) Aworanti Date
Institution-Based Supervisor

_______________________ __________________
Dr. A.B Muili Date
Head of Department
Urban and Regional Planning, LAUTECH

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 DEDICATION
The work and effort to produce this report is dedicated to the Almighty God who granted me
the wisdom, knowledge, strength, opportunity and grace needed to complete the six (6) month
internship training despite the challenges faced.

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 ACKNOWDEGEMENT
I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to everyone who played a significant role in
making my six-month internship training a success. First and foremost, I am grateful to my
parents (Pastor & Mrs. J.O Akano) for their unwavering support, encouragement, and belief in
my abilities throughout this journey. Your constant guidance and love have been invaluable.

I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Tpl. Mustapha A, Tpl. Raji
Seun, Tpl. (Mrs.) Oluyemi and the entire staff of the Directorate of Physical Development
Control Unit of the Oyo State Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Secretariat,
Agodi, Ibadan for their guidance, mentorship, and valuable insights during my internship. Your
expertise and dedication have truly shaped my professional growth, and I am thankful for the
opportunities you provided me to learn and excel in my field.
Additionally, I want to acknowledge my internship mate (Taiwo, Jesufemi, Ayomide, Mayowa,
Uthman and Timilehin) for their friendship, camaraderie, and collaborative spirit. Your
presence and shared experiences made this internship even more rewarding. The exchange of
ideas and mutual support we offered each other have contributed immensely to our personal
and professional development.

To all those who have contributed in one way or another, thank you for being a part of this
incredible journey. Your support and encouragement have been instrumental in my success,
and I am truly grateful for your presence in my life.

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 ABSTRACT
This report encompasses a comprehensive account of the multitude of activities undertaken
throughout my six-month (6) industrial training program with the Oyo State Ministry of Lands,
Housing, and Urban Development, located at the Secretariat in Ibadan. It serves as a repository
of the practical experiences and theoretical knowledge acquired in the field of urban and
regional planning during this training period.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION ................................................................................................................................ ii
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWDEGEMENT...................................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... viii
LIST OF PLATES ............................................................................................................................... ix
1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY .................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES ............................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 VISION STATEMENT ......................................................................................................... 2
1.1.3 MISSION STATEMENT ...................................................................................................... 2
1.2 AIM OF SIWES .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES ......................................................................................................... 3
1.4 FUNCTIONS OF SIWES BODIES ........................................................................................... 3
1.5 RELEVANCE OF SIWES ......................................................................................................... 3
1.5.1 BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING TO STUDENTS .............................................. 4
1.5.2 ROLES OF THE STUDENT DURING SIWES ................................................................... 4
1.5.3 THE LOGBOOK ................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................ 6
2.1 Urban and Regional Planning.................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 LAND USE PLANNING....................................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ...................................................................................... 6
2.1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING ........................................................................................ 7
2.1.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ...................................................................... 7
2.1.5 HOUSING PLANNING ........................................................................................................ 7
2.1.6 URBAN DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 7
2.2 LAND USE PLANNING & ZONNING .................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 TYPES OF LAND ZONES ................................................................................................. 9
2.3 RESIDENTIAL ZONE ............................................................................................................. 10
2.3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESIDENTIAL ZONE............................................................. 10
2.3.2 LAYOUT ............................................................................................................................. 11
2.3.3 PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF LAYOUT PLANS ............................................. 11
3.0 COMPANY PROFILE ............................................................................................................. 13

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 3.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF OYO STATE MINISTRY OF LANDS, HOUSING AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENT, SECRETARIAT, AGODI, IBADAN ........................................................... 13
3.2 ORGANIZATION ADDRESS ................................................................................................. 14
3.3 THE MINISTRY’S MANDATE.............................................................................................. 15
3.4 MISSION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT ................................................................................ 18
3.5 VISION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT ................................................................................... 18
3.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT ........................................................................ 18
3.4 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT ....................................... 19
3.5 DIRECTORATE OF PHYSICAL PLANNING UNIT ......................................................... 19
3.6 PHYSICAL PLANNING DEVELOPMENT CONTROL DEPARTMENTS ..................... 19
4.0 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING EXPERIENCE ........................................................................... 21
4.1 DEVELOPMENT PLAN APPROVAL PROCESS ............................................................... 21
4.2 CRITERIA THAT BUILDING(S) NEEDS TO MEET BEFORE REGISTERING AT
MLHUD ........................................................................................................................................... 26
4.3 PLAN ASSESSMENT CALCULATION ............................................................................... 26
4.4 SITE INSPECTION REPORT WRITING ............................................................................ 27
4.5 PREPARATION & APPROVAL OF LAYOUT PLANS ..................................................... 39
4.6 STATISTICAL SOFTWARE (SPSS) ..................................................................................... 42
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................... 45
5.1 SUGGESTION FOR IMPROVEMENT OF SIWES ............................................................ 45
5.2 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 45
5.3 RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................................ 46
5.3.1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND (ITF) ........................................................................... 46
5.3.2 STUDENTS ......................................................................................................................... 46
5.3.3 INSTITUTIONS .................................................................................................................. 46
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 47

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Showing an example of Urban Design ........................................................................ 8

Figure 2 Showing an example of a Layout .............................................................................. 11
Figure 3 Showing the map of the 33 Local Government Area ................................................ 13
Figure 4 Oyo State Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Organogram ........ 19
Figure 5 Showing a sample of a survey plan ........................................................................... 23
Figure 6 Showing an Example of a Layout Plan ..................................................................... 40
Figure 7 Image showing SPSS data view section .................................................................... 44
Figure 8 Image showing SPSS analysis summary page .......................................................... 44
 LIST OF PLATES
Plate 1 Showing the Picture of a Site Inspection at Agodi GRA. Ibadan ............................... 28
Plate 2 Showing the Picture of a Site Inspection at Olodo Bank, Ibadan, Oyo State ............. 29
Plate 3 Showing the Sample of Stop Work Notice of the MLHUD ....................................... 31
Plate 4 Showing the Sample of Quit Notice of the MLHUD.................................................. 33
Plate 5 Showing the Sample of Contravention Notice of the MLHUD .................................. 34
Plate 6 Showing the Sample of Seal Up Notice of the MLHUD ............................................ 35
Plate 7 Showing the Sample of Demolition Notice of the MLHUD ...................................... 37
Plate 8 Showing a contravene building at Ladoja GRA Ibadan.............................................. 38
Plate 9 Showing a contravene building at Ladoja GRA Ibadan.............................................. 38
 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Students’ Industrial Work-experience Scheme (SIWES) is one of the Industrial Training Fund
(ITF) programme which was introduced in 1974 due to the inability of engineering and
technology students in Nigeria universities and polytechnics to meet the practical aspects of
their training. That is, the needs to enable students match their theoretical school knowledge
with the practical aspect of their training in industry. The Training lasts for six months.
According to Ekpenyong (2011), one of the principles underlying any industrial work
experience scheme for students in institutions of learning is the desire to marry the practical
with the theoretical learning which characterizes conventional classroom situations with a view
to striking a balance between theory and practice. The author stressed further that it was in
realization of this that the ITF when it was established, set out to study the extent to which the
theoretical knowledge that students in engineering technology and other allied fields in
Nigerian institutions offering technology based courses related to the kind of work experience
expected of them by employers.

The result of the ITF survey showed a great disparity between students’ knowledge and their
ability to apply it in relevant jobs. In order to bridge the gap between the two, the ITF in 1974
established a co-operative internship programme, which enabled students of technology to
spend some part of their courses for relevant on the-job practical experiences in appropriate
areas of the Nigerian industry (Ekpenyong, 2011). The author further stressed that the
internship programme, SIWES, can therefore be seen as that which is intended to give Nigerian
students studying occupationally related courses experience that would supplement their
theoretical learning as a well of equipping the students with the needed skills to function in the
world of work.

This need to combine theoretical knowledge with practical skills in order to produce results in
the form of goods and services or to be productive is the essence and rationale for industrial
training, and a basic requirement for the award of B.Tech.

1.1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES

In recognition of the shortcomings and weakness in the formation of SET graduates,
particularly with respect to acquisition of relevant production skills (RPSs), the Industrial
Training Fund (which was itself established in 1971 by decree 47) initiated the Students’

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Industrial Work- experience Scheme (SIWES) in 1973. The scheme was designed to expose
students to the industrial environment and enable them develop occupational competencies so
that they can readily contribute their quota to national economic and technological
development after graduation.
Consequently, SIWES is a planned and structured programme based on stated and specific
career objectives which are geared toward developing the occupational competencies of
participants.
In spite of the challenges faced by SIWES in the four decades of its existence, the Scheme has
not only raised consciousness and increased awareness about the need for training of SET
students, but has also helped in the formation of skilled and competent indigenous manpower
which has been manning and managing the technological resources and industrial sectors of
the economy. Participation in SIWES has become a necessary condition for the award of
degrees and diplomas to SET students graduating from higher institutions in Nigeria. It is
therefore, not in doubt that SIWES is a veritable means or tool for National Economic
Development.
The main thrust of ITF programmes and services is to stimulate human performance, improve
productivity, and induce value-added production in industry and commerce. Through its
SIWES and Vocational and Apprentice Training Programmes, the Fund also builds capacity
for graduates and youth self-employment, in the context of Small Scale Industrialization, in the
economy.
The Industrial Training Fund is a grade ‘A’ parasternal operating under the aegis of the Federal
Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment. It has been operating for 42 years as a specialist
agency that promotes and encourages the acquisition of industrial and commercial skills
required for national economic development.

1.1.2 VISION STATEMENT

To be the prime Skills Training Development Organization in Nigeria and one of the best in
the world.

1.1.3 MISSION STATEMENT

To set and regulate standards and offer direct training intervention in industrial and commercial
skills training and development, using a corps of highly competent professional staff, modern
techniques and technology.

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1.2 AIM OF SIWES
The effort is aimed at helping/training students in the Nigerian tertiary institutions the practical
aspect of their field of study by exposing students to machines and equipment, professional
work methods and ways of safeguarding the work areas and workers in industries and other
organizations.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The Industrial Training Fund’s policy Document No. 1 of 1973 which established SIWES
outlined the objectives of the scheme. The objectives are to:

1) It provides an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial skills
and experience during their course of study.
2) It expose Students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery
that may not be available in their institutions.
3) It makes the transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance students’ contact
for later job placements and a chance to evaluate companies for which they might wish to work.
4) It provides students with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in real work
and industrial situations, there by bridging the gap between theory and practice.
5) The programme teaches the students on how to interact effectively with other workers and
supervisors under various conditions in the organization.

1.4 FUNCTIONS OF SIWES BODIES

1.They ensure viability if this scheme through adequate funding.
2.They vet and process students log books and forward same to IFT area offices.
3.They ensure payment of allowances for students and their supervisors.
4.They formulate policies and guidelines for participating bodies and institution as well as
appointing SIWES Coordinator.
5.They established SIWES and accredit SIWES unit in every approved institutions.

1.5 RELEVANCE OF SIWES

This program cannot in any condition be underestimated as regards the student of
Urban and Regional Planning. An average student who has duly undergo SIWES is afforded
the opportunity of learning more about the practical application in planning theories learnt in

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school to problem solving in human environment in the area of Urban and Regional Planning,
neighborhood planning, transportation planning, medical geography etc.
SIWES is of utmost important to students in the field of Urban and Regional Planning as it is
the bedrock to professional practice when students are exposed to some professional ethics
becoming guiding the planning profession.
It is an avenue to acquire enough knowledge towards an independent skilled and efficient
professional is created through SIWES.

1.5.1 BENEFITS OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING TO STUDENTS

1.The scheme provides students the opportunity to apply the theoretical principles taught in
school in real job situation. This leads to better understanding of the subjects.
2.It affords them the opportunity to interact with a larger spectrum of people in industrial setup
which is different from campus life. Hence this helps personality and maturity development.
3.It enables the students prepare themselves for the future world of work. The taste of the
pudding is in eating. Hence this is an opportunity to peep into the future and determine how
much they are ready for it.
4.The scheme helps the student in developing intellectual skills as they are often left on their
own to take technical decisions and often analyze complex interdisciplinary problems and
proffer solutions applicable to real situations.

1.5.2 ROLES OF THE STUDENT DURING SIWES

1.You should endeavour to be of good behavior at all times.
2.Be punctual at work.
3.Maintain a very good attendance record.
4.Maintain a cordial relationship with all members of staff.
5.Co-operate with co-workers and your supervisors.
6.Show initiative and drive in all your undertakings.
7.Take proper care of tools and manuals in your possession.
8.Report any difficulty or misunderstanding to your immediate supervisor.
9.Be humble so that you can take as much as you are giving to the company: remember you
are a professional in the making.
10.Be loyal to the company and keep its secret. You may become an employee of the firm
soon.

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11.Above all, be a good ambassador of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology
Ogbomoso, Oyo State.

1.5.3 THE LOGBOOK

This is a book that is designed to assist students in keeping accurate records of their training
during SIWES. It shows the department/section of the industry/company where a student has
worked, and the period spent in each department and section. The logbook contains records of
the activities of each working day clearly written with sketches and diagrams where necessary.
The logbook must be submitted to the (Industry-based) supervisor(s) every week for comments
and signature.
The University SIWES supervisor/ITF Officer/Industrial liaison officers will check the
logbook during their visits to ensure that proper training is being received by each student, and
also record their comments.
Each student is expected to obtain and complete the information needed as regards the
organizational profile of the establishment/company to which they are attached.

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 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Urban and Regional Planning
Urban and regional planning is a multidisciplinary field that involves the planning, design, and
management of the physical, social, and economic aspects of urban and regional areas. It is
concerned with creating sustainable and livable communities that meet the needs of current and
future generations.
There are several branches of discipline within urban and regional planning, few of them
include:
a) Land use planning
b) Transportation planning
c) Environmental planning
d) Economic development planning
e) Housing planning
f) Urban design
Overall, urban and regional planning aims to create sustainable and equitable communities that
provide a high quality of life for all residents.

2.1.1 LAND USE PLANNING

This branch of urban and regional planning involves the allocation of land for different uses,
such as residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational. It aims to ensure that land is used
efficiently and effectively, taking into account factors such as population growth, economic
development, and environmental sustainability. Land use planning can involve zoning
regulations, which specify what types of activities are allowed in different areas, and land use
maps, which show the current and future uses of land.

2.1.2 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

This branch of urban and regional planning involves the design and management of
transportation systems, such as roads, highways, public transit, and bike lanes. It aims to ensure
that people and goods can move efficiently and safely within and between urban and regional
areas. Transportation planning can involve the development of transportation infrastructure,
such as new roads or transit lines, as well as policies to encourage sustainable modes of
transportation, such as walking, biking, or public transit.

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2.1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
This branch of urban and regional planning involves the protection and management of natural
resources, such as water, air, and land. It aims to ensure that urban and regional development
does not harm the environment or deplete natural resources. Environmental planning can
involve the development of policies and regulations to protect natural resources, as well as the
implementation of green infrastructure, such as parks and green roofs, to mitigate the impacts
of development on the environment.

2.1.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

This branch of urban and regional planning involves the promotion of economic growth and
development in urban and regional areas. It aims to create jobs, increase income, and improve
the quality of life for residents. Economic development planning can involve the attraction of
new businesses and industries to an area, as well as the development of workforce training
programs and other initiatives to support local businesses.

2.1.5 HOUSING PLANNING

This branch of urban and regional planning involves the provision of affordable housing for all
residents of urban and regional areas. It aims to ensure that everyone has access to safe, decent,
and affordable housing, regardless of their income or background. Housing planning can
involve the development of affordable housing units, as well as policies and regulations to
protect tenants and prevent displacement.

2.1.6 URBAN DESIGN

This branch of urban and regional planning involves the physical design of urban spaces, such
as streets, parks, and buildings. It aims to create attractive, functional, and sustainable urban
environments that meet the needs of residents and visitors. Urban design can involve the
development of public spaces, such as plazas and parks, as well as the design of buildings and
streetscapes to create a cohesive and visually appealing urban environment.

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 Figure 1 Showing an example of Urban Design

2.2 LAND USE PLANNING & ZONNING

Land use planning is a crucial aspect of urban and regional planning that involves the allocation
and management of land for different purposes. It aims to ensure that land is used efficiently
and effectively, taking into account various factors such as population growth, economic
development, and environmental sustainability.

The process of land use planning typically involves the creation of zoning regulations, which
specify what types of activities are allowed in different areas. For example, residential zones
may be designated for housing, while commercial zones may be designated for businesses and
retail spaces. Industrial zones may be designated for factories and manufacturing facilities,
while recreational zones may be designated for parks and other public spaces.

Land use planning also involves the development of land use maps, which show the current
and future uses of land in a particular area. These maps can help planners identify areas that
are suitable for development and areas that should be preserved for environmental or cultural
reasons.

One of the primary goals of land use planning is to promote sustainable development. This
involves balancing the needs of economic growth with the need to protect natural resources
and the environment. For example, land use planners may designate certain areas as protected

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wetlands or wildlife habitats, while encouraging development in areas that have already been
disturbed or developed.

Overall, land use planning plays a critical role in shaping the physical and social landscape of
urban and regional areas. By carefully managing land use, planners can create vibrant,
sustainable communities that meet the needs of residents while preserving natural resources
and cultural heritage.
2.2.1 TYPES OF LAND ZONES
There are several different types of land zones that can be designated through land use planning.
Here are a few examples:

1. Residential Zones: These zones are typically designated for housing and may include
single-family homes, apartments, and other types of residential buildings. They may also
include areas for community facilities such as schools, parks, and community centers.

2. Commercial Zones: These zones are designated for businesses and retail spaces, such as
shopping centers, office buildings, and restaurants. They may also include areas for parking
and other commercial uses.

3. Industrial Zones: These zones are designated for factories, manufacturing facilities, and
other industrial uses. They may also include areas for storage and transportation.

4. Agricultural Zones: These zones are designated for farming and agricultural uses, such as
crop production, livestock grazing, and orchards.

5. Recreational Zones: These zones are designated for public spaces and recreational
activities, such as parks, playgrounds, and sports fields.

6. Conservation Zones: These zones are designated for the protection of natural resources and
wildlife habitats. They may include areas such as wetlands, forests, and wildlife reserves.

7. Mixed-Use Zones: These zones allow for a mix of different land uses, such as residential,
commercial, and recreational uses. They may be designed to promote walkability and reduce
dependence on cars.

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By designating different land zones, land use planners can help ensure that development is
managed in a way that promotes economic growth while also protecting natural resources and
preserving cultural heritage.

2.3 RESIDENTIAL ZONE

Residential zones are areas designated for housing and related activities. These zones are
intended to provide safe and comfortable living spaces for residents. They may include single-
family homes, apartments, townhouses, and other types of residential buildings. Residential
zones may also include areas for community facilities such as schools, parks, and community
centers.

2.3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESIDENTIAL ZONE

Residential zones are characterized by a mix of land uses that are intended to provide residents
with a comfortable and convenient living environment. These zones may include a variety of
housing types such as single-family homes, apartments, townhouses, and duplexes. They may
also include areas for community facilities such as schools, parks, and community centers.

Residential zones are typically located in areas that are well connected to transportation
networks such as highways, public transportation systems, and pedestrian walkways. This
allows residents to easily access different parts of the city or town where they live.
Additionally, residential zones are often located near commercial areas that provide residents
with access to goods and services such as grocery stores, restaurants, and shops.

Another characteristic of residential zones is that they are designed to promote safety and
security for residents. This includes features such as street lighting, sidewalks, and traffic
calming measures. These features help to create a sense of community and make it easier for
residents to get around safely.

Residential zones are an important part of land use planning. They provide safe and
comfortable living spaces for residents and promote social interaction among residents.
Additionally, residential zones help to promote economic growth in the community.

However, there are also several challenges associated with managing residential zones
effectively. To address these challenges, it is important to develop strategies that promote
affordable housing, alternative modes of transportation, and safety and security for residents.
By doing so, we can create vibrant and sustainable communities that meet the needs of residents
and promote economic growth.

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2.3.2 LAYOUT
A layout can be defined as a map or drawing of a construction site showing the position of
roads, building and other features before construction.

Figure 2 Showing an example of a Layout

2.3.2.1 TYPES OF LAYOUT

1.Residential layout

2.Industrial layout

1. Residential layout: In modern neighborhood, adequate and standard facilities and services
should be provided to make the residential area function efficiently.

2. Industrial layout: An industrial estate (or park) is a land area especially laid act for industrial
location and development. Industrial estate are referred to as industrial districts in some
countries, especially in U.S.A.

2.3.3 PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF LAYOUT PLANS

Proceed of Layout Preparation

Before embarking or land subdivision, the perspective land developer or his agent should seek
the professional advice as a preparation of the qualified and experience town planner as a
preparation of layout plans for residential, commercial, industrial, etc development require a
sound knowledge of the principles and techniques of both urban and local planning. It is the
responsibility of the town planner to advice the prospective developer on the suitability or
otherwise of his parcel of land for the propose development having regard to the purpose and
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nature of the development for which that partners parcel of land is propose earmarked in the
urban plan (if any) of the town or in the planning scheme (if any) of the planning authority.

The conditions which the planning authority may consider necessary for land subdivision are:

(a) The terrain of the land

(b) The geology of the land
(c) Nature of the surface drainage.
(d) Nature of the soil
(e) The macro climate of the area
(f) Nature of its vegetation and wildlife.

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 CHAPTER THREE
3.0 COMPANY PROFILE
In line with the objective of SIWES, I was privilege to undergo the industrial training with the
Directorate of Physical Development Control Unit a division of the Oyo State Ministry of
Lands, Housing and Urban Development Secretariat, Agodi, Ibadan, Oyo State.

Figure 3 Showing the map of the 33 Local Government Area

3.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF OYO STATE MINISTRY OF LANDS, HOUSING AND

URBAN DEVELOPMENT, SECRETARIAT, AGODI, IBADAN
The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development in Oyo State is a government agency
that is responsible for the management and control of land resources in the state. The ministry
was established by an Edict, No 43 of 1954, and further amended as Edict No. 16 of 1981. The
ministry has been instrumental in generating revenue for the state through its various activities
and services.

Oyo State is located in the southwestern part of Nigeria and covers an area of about 28,454
square kilometers. The state is known for its rich cultural heritage, tourist attractions, and
agricultural resources. The state is also home to a diverse population of over six million people,
who are spread across its 33 local government areas.

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3.2 ORGANIZATION ADDRESS
Directorate of Physical Development Control a division under the Oyo State Ministry of Lands,
Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD) Secretariat Agodi is located in the city of Ibadan,
the state capital of Oyo State serving as the headquarters for all physical development unit
offices across the 33 local government, namely;
1. Akinyele
2. Afijo
3. Egbeda
4. Ibadan North
5. Ibadan North-East
6. Ibadan North-West
7. Ibadan South-West
8. Ibadan South-East
9. Ibarapa Central
10. Ibarapa East
11. Ido
12. Irepo
13. Iseyin
14. Kajola
15. Lagelu
16. Ogbomoso North
17. Ogbomoso South
18. Oyo West
19. Atiba
20. Atigbo
21. Saki West
22. Saki East
23. Itesiwaju
24. Ibarapa North
25. Olorunsogo
26. Oluyole
27. Ogo Oluwa
28. Surulere
29. Oorelope
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 30. Oriire
31. Oyo East
32. Ona Ara.

3.3 THE MINISTRY’S MANDATE

The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development is responsible for the administration
and management of land resources in the state. The ministry is charged with the responsibility
of ensuring that land is allocated and utilized in a sustainable manner that benefits the people
of the state. The ministry also provides housing solutions to the people of the state by
developing affordable housing units.

The ministry has several departments that are responsible for carrying out its functions. These
departments include the Land Administration and Management Department, Physical Planning
and Development Control Department, Housing and Estate Services Department, and the
Survey Department.

A. Land Administration and Management Department

The Land Administration and Management Department is responsible for the allocation and
management of land resources in the state. The department ensures that land is allocated to
individuals and organizations in a fair and transparent manner. The department also ensures
that land is utilized in a sustainable manner that benefits the people of the state.
The department carries out several activities, which include:
a) Allocation of Land: The department is responsible for the allocation of land to
individuals and organizations. The allocation process is carried out in a transparent
manner, and applicants are required to meet certain criteria before they can be allocated
land.
b) Land Management: The department is responsible for the management of land
resources in the state. The department ensures that land is utilized in a sustainable
manner that benefits the people of the state.
c) Land Registration: The department is responsible for the registration of land in the
state. The registration process is carried out to ensure that landowners have legal
ownership of their land.

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 B. Physical Planning and Development Control Department
The Physical Planning and Development Control Department is responsible for the planning
and development of urban areas in the state. The department ensures that urban areas are
developed in a sustainable manner that promotes economic growth and improves the quality of
life of the people. The department also ensures that developments are carried out in accordance
with the state's planning laws and regulations.
The department carries out several activities, which include:
a) Urban Planning: The department is responsible for the planning of urban areas in the
state. The planning process is carried out to ensure that urban areas are developed in a
sustainable manner that promotes economic growth and improves the quality of life of
the people.
b) Development Control: The department is responsible for controlling developments in
the state. The department ensures that developments are carried out in accordance with
the state's planning laws and regulations.
c) Building Permits: The department is responsible for issuing building permits to
individuals and organizations that want to carry out developments in the state. The
building permit process is carried out to ensure that developments are carried out in
accordance with the state's planning laws and regulations.

C. Housing and Estate Services Department

The Housing and Estate Services Department is responsible for the development of affordable
housing units in the state. The department develops housing estates that are affordable to the
people of the state. The department also provides housing solutions to individuals and
organizations that cannot afford to build their own homes.

The department carries out several activities, which include:

a) Affordable Housing Development: The department is responsible for the development
of affordable housing units in the state. The department develops housing estates that
are affordable to the people of the state.
b) Housing Finance: The department provides housing finance to individuals and
organizations that want to build their own homes but cannot afford to do so.
c) Estate Management: The department is responsible for the management of housing
estates in the state. The department ensures that housing estates are well-maintained
and that residents have access to basic amenities.

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 D. Survey Department
The Survey Department is responsible for carrying out surveys and mapping activities in the
state. The department ensures that accurate maps and surveys are available for land use
planning and development purposes. The department also provides survey services to
individuals and organizations that require them.

The department carries out several activities, which include:

a) Land Surveying: The department is responsible for carrying out land surveys in the
state. The surveys are carried out to ensure that accurate maps are available for land use
planning and development purposes.
b) Mapping: The department is responsible for mapping activities in the state. The maps
are used for land use planning and development purposes.
c) Survey Services: The department provides survey services to individuals and
organizations that require them.

E. Revenue Generation
The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development has been instrumental in generating
revenue for the state through its various activities and services. The ministry generates revenue
through the allocation of land, sale of housing units, and provision of survey services. The
revenue generated by the ministry is used to fund various developmental projects in the state.

The ministry has also been instrumental in promoting economic growth in the state through its
various activities. The ministry has attracted several investors to the state through its land
allocation policies. The ministry has also provided affordable housing solutions to individuals
and organizations, which has helped to reduce the housing deficit in the state.

The Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development in Oyo State is responsible for the
management and control of land resources in the state. The ministry has several departments
that are responsible for carrying out its functions. The ministry has been instrumental in
generating revenue for the state through its various activities and services. The ministry has
also been instrumental in promoting economic growth and improving the quality of life of the
people of the state.

The ministry's mandate is to strategically position itself for effective service delivery of her
statutory responsibilities on acquisition, survey and allocation of affordable land, housing
delivery, with a view to creating a functionally balanced, socio-economically feasible and

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aesthetically pleasing sustainable environment, systematically conducive for living, working
and recreation in Oyo State.

3.4 MISSION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

To bring about operational efficiency and optimal utilization of human and material resources
with a view to effectively facilitate acquisition, survey and allocation of affordable land,
support provision of public infrastructure and establish stable, systematic and sustainable
development of Oyo State.

3.5 VISION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

To strategically position the Ministry for effective service delivery of her statutory
responsibilities on acquisition, survey and allocation of affordable land, housing delivery, with
a view to creating a functionally balanced, socio-economically feasible and aesthetically
pleasing sustainable environment, systematically conducive for living, working and recreation
in Oyo State
3.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT
At our ministry every unit and department is saddled with various objectives to ensure
smooth running of the ministry as we serve the public.
a) Easy Access
To facilitate easy access to land for Government, its agencies, individuals and private
developers for the social and economic development of Oyo State through the
implementation of the State land policy.
b) Land Records
To create, reliable and comprehensive records of all interests in land in Oyo State.
c) Revenue Realization
To ensure realization of optimal revenue from all land resources and transactions in
the State.
d) Management of Properties
To ensure proper management, control, and valuation of interests in land and landed
properties.
e) Housing Policies
To formulate pragmatic housing policy for Government and the management of the
Public Servants’ Housing Loan Scheme.
f) Collaboration

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 To foster inter-ministerial collaboration by providing expert technical support to state
ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs).

3.4 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

In order to accomplish the objectives stated above, Oyo state Ministry of Lands, housing &
Urban Development has a chain of officers who foresee different sectors of the organization.

Figure 4 Oyo State Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Organogram

3.5 DIRECTORATE OF PHYSICAL PLANNING UNIT

Physical Planning and Development Control Unit is a unit under the Ministry of Lands,
Housing and Urban Development which is the headquarter for the town planning offices in the
thirty three 33 local government area (LGAs).
3.6 PHYSICAL PLANNING DEVELOPMENT CONTROL DEPARTMENTS
The unit has 4 departments which are;
g) Department of Physical Development Control (PDC)
h) Department of Physical Strategic Development planning (SPDP)
i) Department of Urban Renewal, Monitoring Compliance and Enforcement (URMCE)
j) Department of Sustainable, infrastructure, Rural development & project management
(SIRD&PM)

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The aforementioned departments generally perform the following functions, among others:

1. Formation of state policies for Urban and Regional Planning

2. Preparation of various kinds of physical development plans (local, area, subject,
structured, strategic, master and regional plans)
3. Granting of planning permit on all application on physical development.
4. Handling slum upgrading and improvement projects.
5. Monitoring the implementation of National, State and Local housing programmes
6. Coordinating externally-supported/financed projects e.g. The sustainable Ibadan
Project (SIP), the UNICEF-assisted Urban Basic Services (UBS) project, the world
Bank-assisted Urban Renewal Programmes and the current World Bank-assisted Ibadan
Urban Flood Management Project.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING EXPERIENCE
The industrial training exercise was very industrious and skillful. During the time of the
exercise different skills in Geographic Information System (GIS), Development Plan
Approval process, land settlement dispute as well as the administrative operations in the
Ministry were learnt.

I embarked on several fieldworks and trips to different locations in Ibadan, Oyo State for the
purpose of research and planning, the industrial training lasted for six months, which was of
two phases vis; the in-house/theoretical aspect and the site experience/practical aspect.
The entire exercise exposed to practical knowledge in the following;
a) Development Plan Approval Process
b) Types of Building Development/Criteria that building needs to meet before registering
at the Ministry of Lands, Housing & Urban Development (MLHUD)
c) Plan Assessment Calculation
d) Site Inspection Report Writing
e) Preparation & approval of layout plans
f) Using Statistical software like SPSS for planning data evaluation.
Also during the course of the training, the office procedure or receiving and acknowledging
files were taught.
4.1 DEVELOPMENT PLAN APPROVAL PROCESS
A development is a project consisting of one or more commercial or residential buildings, hence
the term development refers to a legalized document prepared by building professionals
(architect, town planners, engineers e.t.c) to guide and set out how an area should with any type
and scale of development and where buildings should be allowed.
Building plan approval is necessary before construction can commence. This is to ensure that
building complies with building laws and codes and to prevent people from just constructing
as they deem fit.
A building plan is a graphical representation of what a building will look like after construction,
which is prepared by with the teamwork of different environmental professionals (architect,
town planners, land surveyors, estate valuers, engineers e.t.c).
In order to get building approval in Oyo State, the land in question, where the building is to be
erected must first have a certificate of occupancy before your building plan can even be
assessed by the appropriate bodies.

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Also, your land title determines the height and the density you can go, depending on the area
the building will be or the kind of building you intend to put up.
Hence, in Oyo State, the very first thing to do when you want to commence construction is to
obtain a Development Permit from the Physical Planning and Development Control Unit zonal
office across the 33 local government area. Physical Planning and Development Control Unit
is a parastatal under the Ministry of Lands, Housing & Urban Development. Some steps for
approval of any development project in Oyo State are explained below.
a) Step one: GET ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
You will need a service of a certified architect that is aware of Oyo State building plan approval
peculiarities to prepare a design and plan for you.
For already built structures in Oyo State without approval, it is important to get an Architect to
study the structure and come up with an as-built drawing to get building approval.
A complete architectural drawing should include:
i. A Site plan (possible only if there is a Survey Plan).
ii. Floor plan (the number of the floor plan is dependent on the numbers of storeys)
iii. Roof plan
iv. Section(s),
v. Elevations (north, east, south, west),
vi. Schedule (doors, windows, finishing, etc.).
vii. Sanitary Details

b) Step Two: GET A SURVEY PLAN

Survey Plan is a document that measures the boundary of a parcel of land. It gives an accurate
measurement, description of the piece of land, the size, and the drawn-out portion as mapped
out on the survey plan document.
Other information that must be shown on The Survey Plan includes:
i. The title of the survey (Name of the rightful owner)
ii. A well-detailed location of the land
iii. The area of the land (depending on the shape and size of the land.)
iv. Consent no for lands under government acquisition.
v. The boundaries of the land.
vi. The Beacons.
vii. Bearings.

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viii. The Survey Plan number
ix. The Registered Surveyor’s address, signature, and seal.
x. Stamp showing“Free from Acquisition” or not.

Figure 5 Showing a sample of a survey plan

c) Step three: GET STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS, WITH

DETAILING/CALCULATIONS AND LETTER OF STRUCTURAL
STABILITY FROM COREN CERTIFIED ENGINEER.
What is Structural Drawing?
Structural Drawing is a type of engineering drawing, plan, or set of plans showing how a
building or other structure would be built.

The structural engineer determines the arrangement of beams and columns, sizes of beams and
columns, the arrangement of steel and determination of sizes, the thickness of slabs or deck,
determination of grades of concrete to be used.

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 d) Step Four: GET TITLE DOCUMENT, TAX CLEARANCE, AND
GOVERNMENT FEE (IN THE CASE OF INDIVIDUALS)
The Government fee only comes to play after your building plan must have been assessed and
marked for approval.

e) Step Five: SUBMISSION OF DOCUMENTS TO THE DISTRICT OFFICE AND

PAYMENT
Send your architectural drawings, building plan, title documents, and survey plan to the district
office for assessment and vetting after which it will be marked for approval. After getting an
official government assessment and endorsement of your design, you’ll be required to pay a
fee which is calculated based on your proposed design. Pay the fee at the bank.

Required documents for building plan approval in Oyo State

The following are the requirements that must be submitted for approval processing.
a) Proof of Land Ownership/Title Document (CTC)/ Clearance Letter
b) Five (5) Copies of Survey Plan and 1 original (Beacon Sheet, In Case Of Scheme)
c) Five (5) sets of corrected Stamped and Sealed Architectural Drawings
d) Five (5) Sets of corrected Stamped and Sealed Structural Drawings with Calculation
Sheet
e) Five (5) Set s of Mechanical and Electronic Drawings (For Commercial, Office,
Residential Above 4 Floors)
f) Current Income Tax Clearance Certificate
g) Current Special Development Levy Receipt
h) Three (3) Different Photographs of Site with Current Date
i) One (1) set of the sealed soil test report for developments above 2 floors
The client will be required to sign the attestation form once the assessment fee has been paid
to the Oyo state government .
i. Confirmation Letter from Lands in Lieu of Consent (if applicable).
ii. Letter of supervision from COREN registered engineers for the structural drawings.
iii. Environmental Impact Analysis Report EIA (if applicable).
iv. Site Analysis Report and Plan (SAR&P)
v. Development Levy receipt.
vi. Evidence of payment of assessment fees.

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vii. Land Use charge, Tenement Rate receipt, or sworn affidavit in lieu of tenement rate.
viii. Clearance letter from Housing, Fire, Transportation, and Drainage (if Applicable).
ix. 2 Passport Photograph of Applicant(s).
x. Electronic tax clearance of applicant (with a copy of last payment receipt for tax).
xi. Copy of certificate of incorporation (if the applicant is a company).

f) Step Six: SITE INSPECTION FROM THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

CONTROL UNIT OF MINISTRY OF LANDS, HOUSING & URBAN
DEVELOPMENT.
After the government fee has been paid, the site inspection will be carried out. A team is sent
to the site to ensure that the land is still vacant, and also other attributes of the building
correspond to what you have in the documents you presented. The Site Inspector, Charting
officer, Architect, and Site Engineer will write their reports. A difference in land size or other
attributes presented on the plan and the actual land attributes could lead to problems.

g) Step seven: SECOND SITE INSPECTION

Furthermore, a team is sent to the site again, after which the Site Inspector writes a report. The
Charting officer charts while the Site Engineer also performs his duties.

PLEASE NOTE:

In the case of 1-2 story buildings, the design is sent to the architect after charting, for
clearance. Architectural design is submitted for inspection to confirm if the design is in
conformity with the approval standards and order for the area in which the land is
located.
But, if the structure is more than a 2-story building in the design, then a Mechanical
and Electrical drawing will be required. Invariably, the site will also be checked with
the
immediate environment to see if the proposal is in conformity with the existing land use
and if the size of the plot is as presented in the survey plan and design proposal.
If the inspection report is satisfactory, the application will then be registered, provided
all documents have been submitted.

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4.2 CRITERIA THAT BUILDING(S) NEEDS TO MEET BEFORE REGISTERING AT
MLHUD
Not all development (buildings) are submitted to the State Secretariat (Ministry of Lands,
Housing and Urban Development) for approval, some are submitted to either of the 33 local
government area zonal offices according to the project jurisdiction, while those that are
submitted to the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Secretariat are only those
with STATE-WIDE IMPLICATION.
A development is said to have a STATEWIDE IMPLICATION if it’s construction will have
either negative/positive impact on the resident of the people living in a community which
constitute the resident of the total number of people living in a state/region hence, any
development that will either make the environment a habitable and sustainable one or otherwise
is refereed to as a STATEWIDE IMPLICATION DEVELOPMENT some of the examples
are listed below amidst others;
a) Commercial Development (e.g Bars, Petrol Filling Station, Hotels, Motels, Mall e.t.c)
b) Gas Plants
c) Telecommunication Mast
d) Residential Building with more than 2 Storey
e) Government Reservation Areas (GRAs)
f) Education facilities (Universities, Polytechnics, College of education e.t.c)

Getting to know the type and various criteria a building must meet before getting approval at
the Oyo State Ministry Of Lands, Housing and Urban Development Secretariat, Agodi, Ibadan
was part of lesson taught in the first week of resumption.

4.3 PLAN ASSESSMENT CALCULATION

Building Plan Assessment or otherwise development plan assessment refer to the fee calculated
to be paid to the state government for getting approval, this refer to the fee calculated by the
planning authority to be paid to the state government account for getting an approval for any
development, in my place of attachment, I was taught how to calculate assessment for any
proposed building that will be submitted to the state secretariat, also difference between
calculating assessment in the zonal office and the state secretariat was shown to me. A
sample/breakdown on how to calculate an assessment for a building submitted to the state
secretariat is shown below;

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ASSESSMENT CALCULATION
Area of Building Development = Length (L) x Breadth (B)
Volume of the Building Development = Area of the Building (A) x Height (H)

Volumetric Building fee (VBF) @ N200/m3

Volumetric Building fee x Volume of the Building Development
The Result is the Building Assessment Fee

Fence Permit Fee

Total Area x N10,000
540

Other Fee Summary Include

Registration Fee------------------------------- N2,500.00
Submission Fee------------------------------- N10,000.00
Development Levy---------------------------- N50,000.00
Fence Permit Fee------------------------------- N2,500.00
Registration Fee------------------------------- N2,500.00

During the Internship exercise, several building developments were given to me to calculate
their assessment.

4.4 SITE INSPECTION REPORT WRITING

A site inspection is an important step involved in the preliminary planning process for a
development building approval, it is also referred to as a Feasibility study, a site inspection
determines if the client requests can be met, based upon the initial consultation and submission
of building document awaiting approval.
A site inspection involves checking the switchboard on the primary dwelling to assess if it
needs an upgrade, checking the layout of the land, assessing the suitability of the access points
for the builders to get on site, how to connect to the utilities (water, electricity, sewerage/septic)
of the existing dwelling in the most efficient way possible, the adjourning land uses and to
assess what needs to be removed or relocated within the building envelope to allow for the new
building. These items may include: sheds, vegetation, concreted areas, gates, garden beds and
retaining walls.

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The whole process of a site inspection can take between 15 minutes, to an hour, depending on
the property in question.
Once the site inspection has been carried out, the information will be relayed to the building
consultant who is handling the process on behalf of the client. The building consultant will then
get in touch with the client to discuss the outcome of the site inspection.
A site inspection report is a document that summarizes the findings and recommendations of a
site visit by a site supervisor or consultant, in this case the consultant are the planners from the
Oyo State Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development. It is an essential tool for
communicating the status and progress of the project, identifying and resolving issues, and
ensuring compliance with safety and quality standards.
During my internship training, various site were inspected in which together with some planner
officer I was put through on how to write the site inspection report.
During the course of visitation, any site that did not meet up the planning standard will be
rejected by its application and will be communicated to the client via the site supervisor.
Attached are some of the pictures taken during the course of some site inspection.

Plate 1 Showing the Picture of a Site Inspection at Agodi GRA. Ibadan

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 Plate 2 Showing the Picture of a Site Inspection at Olodo Bank, Ibadan, Oyo State

ENFORCEMENT NOTICE

The contravention notice is an essential aspect of the Development Control Department's

responsibilities, which primarily focuses on rectifying non-compliance with building standards
and relevant laws outlined in the Oyo State Town and Regional Planning Law. Its core
objective is to ensure that users of state land adhere to the approved building regulations and
planning permissions. When development is carried out without proper planning permission or
not in accordance with the granted permission, planning enforcement notices may be served.
Before resorting to formal action, the department seeks cooperation from the parties involved.
However, in cases where cooperation is lacking, an enforcement notice may be issued, which
constitutes an offense and can lead to potential fines. Once the notice has been delivered to the
concerned individual or prominently displayed on the building's wall, the building is marked
with a distinct red mark, signifying its non-compliant status.
This process plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the planning system, ensuring
that developments align with approved plans, protecting the interests of the community, and
preserving the overall urban and regional planning framework. By taking prompt action
through contravention notices and enforcement measures, the Development Control

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Department aims to bring non-compliant developments back into conformity with the
established building standards and regulations, fostering a harmonious and well-planned
environment.

What is an Enforcement Notice?

An enforcement notice in urban and regional planning is a legal document issued by the
relevant authorities to address a breach of planning regulations or development control policies.
It is a formal notice that notifies the recipient, typically a property owner or developer, of a
violation and specifies the actions required to rectify the non-compliant situation.
Enforcement notices are typically issued in situations where development has been carried out
without the necessary planning permission or in cases where the approved development has
not been implemented as specified. The notice outlines the specific violations and provides a
timeline within which the necessary corrective measures must be taken.
The content of an enforcement notice may include details such as the specific planning
regulations that have been breached, a description of the non-compliant development, and the
steps that need to be taken to rectify the situation. It may also specify any additional information
or documentation that needs to be submitted to the authorities.
Once an enforcement notice is served, the recipient has a defined period, typically a specified
number of days, to comply with the requirements outlined in the notice. Failure to comply
within the given timeframe can result in further legal actions and penalties.
Enforcement notices play a vital role in ensuring that development activities adhere to the
established planning regulations and policies. They help maintain the integrity of urban and
regional planning by addressing unauthorized or non-compliant development. These notices
are a means of enforcing the planning control process and protecting the interests of the
community, ensuring that development is carried out in a manner that is consistent with the
overall planning objectives and promotes the sustainable and orderly development of the area.
It is important for recipients of enforcement notices to carefully review the requirements
outlined in the notice and seek professional advice if needed to ensure compliance. Failure to
comply with an enforcement notice can lead to legal consequences, including fines and
potential legal action.
There are different types of Notices that are served to users that violate planning standards
depending on the type of violation. The different types of Enforcement Notices are listed and
explained below.

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1. STOP WORK
A Stop Work Notice, also known as a Stop Work Order, is a specific enforcement notice, issued
to developers who have commenced development activities without obtaining the required
development permits or deviated from the approved policy. This notice is an instruction to stop
all construction or development immediately until the necessary permits are obtained or
attractions are repaired.
The purpose of a Stop Work Notice is to ensure that development activities are carried out in
accordance with approved policies and regulations established by the Development
Management Department. By issuing this notice, the authorities aim to prevent unauthorized
or illegal new construction, thereby protecting the integrity of the system and maintaining urban
and regional order in all standards.
Upon receipt of a stop notice, the developer is legally obliged to suspend all construction work
until the necessary consents and permits are obtained or necessary changes are made to comply
with the approved plan. Failure to comply with the notice may result in fines, penalties, or other
legal consequences.
The issuance of a Stop Work Notice emphasizes the importance of complying with established
policies and regulations in municipal and regional planning. It serves as a mechanism to ensure
that development activities are carried out in a controlled and responsible manner with due
regard to factors such as the environment, public safety and overall urban aesthetics.

Plate 3 Showing the Sample of Stop Work Notice of the MLHUD

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2. QUIT NOTICE
A Quit Notice, also referred to as an Eviction Notice, is an important enforcement measure
served to developers or users of development who have either initiated or occupied a structure
without obtaining the necessary approvals or in violation of the approved plans. This notice is
distinct from a Stop Work Notice, as it is specifically targeted at developments that have already
been completed or are currently occupied.
The purpose of issuing a Quit Notice is to notify the developer or occupant that their
unauthorized or non-compliant development must be discontinued, and they are required to
vacate the premises or rectify the discrepancies in accordance with the approved plans or
regulations. This enforcement action aims to ensure that all developments within the urban and
regional area comply with the designated planning standards and contribute to a harmonious
and well-managed environment.
Upon receiving a Quit Notice, the developer or occupant is legally obliged to cease all activities
related to the unauthorized development and take the necessary steps to rectify the situation.
This may involve seeking retroactive approvals, making modifications to align with the
approved plans, or vacating the premises altogether. Failure to comply with the Quit Notice
can lead to legal consequences, including eviction, fines, or other penalties imposed by the
relevant authorities.
The issuance of Quit Notices underscores the importance of adhering to the established
planning regulations and obtaining the necessary approvals before initiating or occupying any
development. It serves as a means to maintain order, control, and accountability within the
urban and regional planning framework. By effectively enforcing Quit Notices, the responsible
authorities uphold the integrity of the planning process and ensure that developments contribute
positively to the overall urban landscape and the well-being of the community.

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 Plate 4 Showing the Sample of Quit Notice of the MLHUD

3. CONTRAVENTION NOTICE
A Contravention Notice is an official written document issued in response to a development
that violates the established policies and regulations set forth by the state authorities. It serves
as a notification to the owner or developer that their ongoing construction project is not in
compliance with the approved plans or regulations.
When a building under construction is found to be without proper approval, the relevant
government department or bureau responsible for urban and regional planning will promptly
serve a Contravention Notice. This notice acts as a formal communication, urging the owner
or developer to immediately halt construction activities and take the necessary steps to rectify
the non-compliance.
In the event that the owner fails to present themselves at the ministry or planning authority to
provide the required documentation to rectify the situation, a Stop Work Notice will be served.
The Stop Work Notice serves as a more stringent measure, explicitly instructing the owner to
cease all construction activities until further notice.
As part of the Contravention Notice and Stop Work Notice, the owner is typically requested to
furnish information about their property, including details of legal or equitable interests held
by any other individuals or entities. This information gathering process aids the authorities in
understanding the ownership structure and identifying all parties involved in the development.
The issuance of Contravention Notices and Stop Work Notices highlights the significance of
adhering to the established policies and obtaining proper approvals before commencing any

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construction activity. It underscores the responsibility of owners and developers to ensure
compliance with the regulations set forth by the state, promoting orderly and sustainable urban
and regional development.
By taking swift action through these notices, the authorities aim to maintain control over the
development process, safeguard the interests of the community, and ensure that all construction
projects align with the established planning guidelines.

Plate 5 Showing the Sample of Contravention Notice of the MLHUD

4. SEAL UP NOTICE
In cases where a developer persistently fails to comply with the issued Quit Notice, further
action is taken by imposing a Lockdown Notice. This notice is specifically served to developers
who have disregarded the initial quit notice, demonstrating a continued refusal to adhere to the
required regulations and rectify the non-compliant development.
The Seal up Notice is a formal written document that effectively restricts access and usage of
the development not only to the general users but also to the owner of the property. It acts as a
stringent measure implemented by the relevant authorities to ensure that the non-compliant
development is effectively brought to a halt.
Once the Seal up Notice is enforced, it prohibits any activities within the development area,
effectively preventing entry or use by anyone, including the developer and other stakeholders
involved. This restrictive measure aims to communicate the severity of the situation and the
importance of rectifying the non-compliance promptly.

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The imposition of a Seal up Notice signifies the seriousness with which the authorities approach
cases of persistent non-compliance. By implementing this measure, the authorities seek to
create a strong deterrent against further disregard for the regulations and to underscore the
significance of adhering to the approved plans and development guidelines.
It is important to note that the Seal up Notice is a consequential action taken after the developer
has already received a Quit Notice and has failed to comply with it. The purpose of the Seal up
Notice is to ensure strict enforcement of the regulations and to prevent any further unauthorized
activities within the non-compliant development.
By serving a Seal up Notice, the authorities emphasize the imperative for developers to
promptly address any non-compliance issues, as failure to do so can result in severe
consequences and restrictions on the development. It serves as a means to uphold the integrity
of urban and regional planning, ensuring that developments adhere to the established standards
and regulations for the benefit of the community and sustainable development.

Plate 6 Showing the Sample of Seal Up Notice of the MLHUD

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5. DEMOLITION NOTICE
The Demolition Notice is an important enforcement measure that is issued to developers whose
constructions are deemed to be defective, posing potential risks or causing a nuisance to both
the occupants and the general public. It serves as a formal notification from the relevant
authorities, alerting the developer to the identified defects and urging them to take immediate
corrective action.
Once a development is flagged as defective, the developer is provided with a period of 21 days
to rectify the issues on their own accord. During this time frame, it is the responsibility of the
developer to undertake the necessary demolition or repairs to address the identified defects.
This proactive approach allows the developer to take corrective measures and bring the
development into compliance with the required standards.
However, if the developer fails to initiate the necessary actions within the given time period,
the Development Control Department is compelled to intervene and carry out the demolition
or repair work themselves. This intervention ensures that the safety and well-being of the
occupants and the public are not compromised by the defective development.
In addition to the intervention, the developer will also incur financial consequences for their
non-compliance. A levy is imposed on the developer as a penalty for their failure to rectify the
defects within the specified timeframe. This financial penalty serves as a deterrent to encourage
developers to prioritize quality construction and adhere to the established regulations and
standards.
The issuance of a Demolition Notice highlights the importance of maintaining safe and
compliant structures within the urban and regional planning framework. By enforcing this
notice, the authorities demonstrate their commitment to ensuring the safety and welfare of the
community. It also serves as a reminder to developers of their responsibility to construct
buildings that meet the required standards and do not pose any risks or nuisances to occupants
or the general public.
Overall, the Demolition Notice plays a crucial role in promoting accountability, safety, and
adherence to regulations in urban and regional planning. It encourages developers to prioritize
the quality and integrity of their constructions, ultimately contributing to the creation of
sustainable and livable environments.

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 Plate 7 Showing the Sample of Demolition Notice of the MLHUD

Throughout my industrial training, I had the opportunity to learn about the meticulous steps
and processes involved in serving enforcement notices for urban and regional planning. The
training provided valuable insights into the criteria that developments must meet before an
enforcement notice can be issued. In addition to the theoretical knowledge gained, I had the
privilege of participating in a practical enforcement exercise in Sen. Ladoja Adewolu
Government Reservation Area (GRA).
During this exercise, we focused on serving notices to buildings that were situated on the
boundary, as well as those that were encroaching into the designated area. It was a hands-on
experience that allowed me to witness firsthand the application of enforcement procedures in
real-world scenarios. Through this exercise, I gained a deeper understanding of the importance
of enforcing planning regulations to ensure orderly and sustainable development.
By serving these enforcement notices, we aimed to address issues such as boundary violations
and encroachments, which can have significant implications for land use and spatial planning.
The process involved identifying the non-compliant buildings, verifying their location, and
carefully documenting the violations. It was a rigorous exercise that required attention to detail
and adherence to legal protocols.
Overall, my experience during the industrial training provided me with practical knowledge
and skills in carrying out enforcement actions related to urban and regional planning. It
highlighted the importance of upholding planning regulations to maintain the integrity of
designated areas and promote responsible development practices. This experience will
undoubtedly contribute to my professional growth and enable me to make informed decisions

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when faced with similar enforcement challenges in the future. Attached were some of the
pictures taken from the enforcement site at Ladoja GRA, Ibadan.

Plate 8 Showing a contravene building at Ladoja GRA Ibadan

Plate 9 Showing a contravene building at Ladoja GRA Ibadan

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4.5 PREPARATION & APPROVAL OF LAYOUT PLANS
In the field of urban and regional planning, the concept of layout encompasses the intricate
process of strategically arranging and organizing physical elements within a defined area. It
involves the thoughtful placement, orientation, and configuration of various components,
including buildings, infrastructure, transportation networks, open spaces, and amenities, with
the aim of creating a cohesive and functional environment.
The layout holds a pivotal role in urban and regional planning as it directly influences the spatial
organization, accessibility, and overall functionality of the built environment. By carefully
considering factors such as land use, population density, transportation systems, social
dynamics, and environmental considerations, planners can develop a well-designed layout that
optimizes the use of space and enhances the livability of the area.
Developing an effective layout entails a comprehensive analysis of the existing conditions and
an in-depth understanding of the community's needs, aspirations, and goals. It requires the
integration of various disciplines and the collaboration of planners, architects, engineers, and
other stakeholders to ensure a holistic and sustainable approach.
Throughout the planning process, a myriad of factors must be taken into account to create a
successful layout. Zoning regulations, building codes, and land-use policies play a significant
role in guiding the arrangement of different land uses and structures within the area.
Environmental considerations, such as natural features, ecological systems, and sustainability
goals, also influence the layout, aiming to minimize the impact on the ecosystem and promote
resource efficiency.
Moreover, the layout in urban and regional planning aims to foster social cohesion and create
inclusive spaces that accommodate the diverse needs of the community. The design of public
spaces, pedestrian-friendly pathways, and mixed-use developments all contribute to fostering
social interaction, promoting a sense of belonging, and enhancing the overall quality of life for
residents and visitors.
The process of developing a layout often involves the creation of visual representations, such
as site plans, master plans, and 3D models, which help stakeholders visualize and understand
the proposed arrangement of elements. These tools facilitate discussions, community
engagement, and informed decision-making, ensuring that the final layout reflects the
collective vision and aspirations of the community.
In summary, the layout in urban and regional planning is a multifaceted and intricate endeavor
that encompasses the strategic arrangement and design of physical elements within a given

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area. By considering various factors, such as land use, infrastructure, sustainability, and social
dynamics, planners can create layouts that enhance functionality, aesthetics, and the overall
well-being of the community. Through thoughtful design and collaboration, the layout
contributes to shaping vibrant, inclusive, and sustainable urban and regional environments.

Figure 6 Showing an Example of a Layout Plan

PROCESS OF OBTAINING APPROVAL FOR A LAYOUT

The process of obtaining approval for a layout in urban and regional planning typically involves
several steps and considerations. While the exact process may vary depending on the specific
jurisdiction and regulations, the following are common steps involved:

1. Site Evaluation and Preliminary Design: The first step is to evaluate the site and conduct
a preliminary design for the proposed layout. This includes assessing factors such as land
suitability, topography, drainage, access, and infrastructure requirements.
2. Application Submission: Once the preliminary design is completed, an application for
layout approval needs to be submitted to the relevant planning authority or local government
agency. The application typically includes detailed plans, drawings, and supporting documents
outlining the proposed layout and its compliance with applicable regulations and guidelines.

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3. Technical Review: The planning authority will conduct a technical review of the submitted
application. This may involve assessments by various departments or agencies responsible for
areas such as engineering, transportation, environmental impact, utilities, and public services.
The purpose is to ensure compliance with relevant standards and regulations.
4. Public Consultation: In some cases, public consultation may be required, especially for
larger developments or those with potential community impact. This allows stakeholders,
neighboring residents, and other interested parties to provide feedback and raise any concerns
or objections related to the proposed layout.
5. Evaluation and Decision: Based on the technical review and public consultation, the
planning authority will evaluate the application and make a decision regarding the layout
approval. This decision may involve granting approval with specific conditions, requesting
modifications to the design, or denying approval if the proposal does not meet the necessary
requirements.
6. Approval and Permit Issuance: If the layout is approved, the planning authority will issue
an approval letter or permit indicating the conditions, restrictions, and any additional
requirements to be fulfilled before commencement of development. This may include the
payment of development fees, provision of necessary infrastructure, or submission of final
construction plans.
7. Implementation and Compliance: Once approval is obtained, the layout can be
implemented according to the approved plans. It is essential to adhere to the specified
conditions, guidelines, and regulations throughout the development process to ensure
compliance with the approved layout.
It is important to note that the process may involve additional steps or variations depending on
the specific requirements of the local planning authority and the nature of the proposed
development. Engaging professional consultants, such as urban planners, architects, and
engineers, can greatly assist in navigating the approval process and ensuring compliance with
all applicable regulations.
During our industrial training at the Oyo State Ministry of Lands, Housing, and Urban
Development, my colleagues and I had the opportunity to gain practical insights into the
process of obtaining plot allocations in different layout schemes and Government Reservation
Areas (GRAs). We were exposed to a variety of layout plans, each with its unique
characteristics and considerations.

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Throughout my training, myself and my other colleague learned about the intricate steps
involved in the allocation process. This included understanding the criteria and requirements
for eligibility, documentation, and application submission. We were familiarized with the
importance of adhering to land-use regulations, zoning ordinances, and other planning
guidelines to ensure the orderly development of these areas.
Moreover, we were introduced to the administrative procedures and protocols involved in the
allocation process. We gained knowledge about the necessary forms, permits, and clearances
that applicants need to acquire. We also learned about the importance of verifying legal title
documents and conducting necessary due diligence to ensure the authenticity of land
ownership.
In addition to the procedural aspects, we were also educated about the significance of proper
land surveying, boundary demarcation, and infrastructure planning within the layout schemes
and GRAs. We discovered how these factors play a vital role in creating well-organized and
sustainable urban environments.
Throughout our training, we had the opportunity to engage with experienced professionals who
shared their expertise and provided practical examples to enhance our understanding. We were
encouraged to ask questions, participate in discussions, and actively observe the intricacies of
the allocation process.
Overall, our industrial training experience at the Oyo State Ministry of Lands, Housing, and
Urban Development equipped us with valuable knowledge and practical insights into the
process of obtaining plot allocations in various layout schemes and GRAs. It highlighted the
significance of adherence to planning regulations, documentation requirements, and efficient
administrative procedures. This experience will undoubtedly prove beneficial as we pursue our
careers in urban and regional planning.

4.6 STATISTICAL SOFTWARE (SPSS)

The SPSS software package was created for the management and statistical analysis of social
science data. It was originally launched in 1968 by SPSS Inc., and was later acquired by IBM
in 2009.

SPSS is used by market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government entities,
education researchers, marketing organizations, data miners, and many more for the processing
and analyzing of survey data.

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Most top research agencies use SPSS to analyze survey data and mine text data so that they can
get the most out of their research projects.

The SPSS is capable of the following

i. Generating frequency distribution tables
ii. Charts (pie, bar, histogram, line graph etc.)
iii. Solving Chi – Square
iv. T – Testing
v. Analysis of Variance
vi. Forecasting
vii. Correlation
viii. Neural Networking
ix. Regression Analysis etc.

SPSS offers four programs that assist researchers with their complex data analysis needs.
1. Statistic Program: SPSS's Statistics program provides a plethora of basic statistical
functions, some of which include frequencies, cross tabulation, and bivariate statistics. 2.
Modeler Program: SPSS's Modeler program enables researchers to build and validate
predictive models using advanced statistical procedures.
3. Text Analytics for Surveys Program: SPSS's Text Analytics for Surveys program helps
survey administrators uncover powerful insights from responses to open ended survey
questions.
4. Visualization Designer: SPSS's Visualization Designer program allows researchers to use
their data to create a wide variety of visuals like density charts and radial box plots with ease.

In addition to the four programs mentioned above, SPSS also provides solutions for data
management, which allow researchers to perform case selection, create derived data, and
perform file reshaping.

SPSS also offers the feature solution of data documentation, which allows researchers to store
a meta-data dictionary. This meta-data dictionary acts as a centralized repository of information
pertaining to data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format.

During the industrial training exercise, I was able to successfully learn how to use SPSS to
perform various calculation on data available, as well, I was able to use SPSS to generate
various frequency table distribution.

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 Figure 7 Image showing SPSS data view section

Figure 8 Image showing SPSS analysis summary page

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 CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
My personal experience during the SIWES training program provided substantial evidence of
the significance and effectiveness of its aims and objectives. It allowed me to enhance my
practical skills in the field of urban and regional planning, complementing the theoretical
knowledge acquired in the classroom. To ensure the success of the SIWES program, it is crucial
to allocate more attention and support to it. One area that requires attention is providing
financial assistance to students during their training, which would help them adapt to the new
environment they find themselves in. Such support would enable students to fully concentrate
on their assignments and make the most out of their training experience.
The training I received at my placement was truly enlightening and provided me with a fresh
perspective. While many of the procedures were not entirely new to me in theory, the practical
application brought about a whole new level of understanding. The experience I gained during
the training period holds immense importance for future applications and will undoubtedly
prove valuable in my professional career. It solidified my knowledge and equipped me with
the necessary skills to tackle real-world challenges in urban and regional planning.
Conclusively, the SIWES program plays a vital role in bridging the gap between theoretical
learning and practical experience. It is imperative that this program receives the necessary
attention, support, and financial assistance to ensure its effectiveness in achieving its aims and
objectives. The hands-on experience gained during the training period is invaluable and
contributes significantly to the professional development of students in their respective fields.

5.1 SUGGESTION FOR IMPROVEMENT OF SIWES

There should be regulation in the supervision of the students' activities if the programme should
be continued. And also financial arrangement for the students transportation should be done,
which will help increase the sense of responsibility of the students towards the programme.

5.2 CONCLUSION
Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) exposed me to work experiences and
skills needed to cope in labor market. SIWES provided an avenue for me to understand the
practical aspects of the theories I was taught in school. I was also exposed to machineries,
equipment, professional work methods and ways to safe guard the work environment in
industries and various organizations.

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SIWES gave me the opportunity to understand the underlying principles of Urban and Regional
Planning, in order to make me a productive member of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners
and other professional organizations in Environmental Sciences. This training also gave me the
opportunity to interact, share knowledge and ideas with other students observing their industrial
training who are from other institution.
The period of my six months SIWES, was really a time of exposure and enlightenment, this
period availed me the opportunity to discover my potentials and have a better idea about my
career paths.
More so, SIWES made me to appreciate the knowledge in some courses offered during school,
and it also showed me easier ways of solving environmental problems with the use of software
packages.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION
My recommendations would be directed to the organizers and supervisors of SIWES programs,
ITF, the student and the institution.

5.3.1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND (ITF)

1. They should ensure placement for student at the stipulated time.
2. They should make monthly allowance available for students in other to bridge the
financial difficulty that may arise during the course of the program.

5.3.2 STUDENTS
1. Nonchalant attitude towards work and learning should be discouraged among students.
2. All students going for SIWES should seek internship in an establishment with goals
similar to their careers.
3. Students should prepare themselves for the technicality attached to the SIWES training,
and also be a good ambassador of their institution in their place of internship.
4. Students should start surveying potential companies early so that the difficulty of
finding a placement will not be a problem.
5. Moral and good behavior should be exhibited among student while undergoing the
internship.
5.3.3 INSTITUTIONS
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso should try to collaborate with some
industries and firms in order to get easy placement for students in their different disciplines.

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 REFERENCES
ITF (1973). Policy Document No 1. Industrial Training Fund, Jos, Nigeria.
Craig, R. L. (1987). Training and development handbook: A guide to human resource
development (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Ekpenyong, L.E. (2011). Foundations of Technical and Vocational Education: Evolution and
Practice for Nigerian Students in TVE and Adult Education, Policy Makers & Practitioners.

Ekwue, K.C. & Eluro, D.C. (2002). Business Education for industry. The SIWES Experience.
Business Education Journal, 11(5), 9-14.

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