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Modern Technology and Information University
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All content following this page was uploaded by Mahmoud Yasser on 14 January 2021.
Under Supervision of
Cairo – 2020
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) concepts have been widely used to interconnect the
available medical resources and offer smart, reliable, and effective healthcare
service to the patients. Health monitoring for active and assisted living is one of
the paradigms that can use the IoT advantages to improve the patient’s lifestyle.
In this project, I have presented an IoT architecture customized for healthcare
applications. The aim of the project was to come up with a Remote Health
Monitoring System that can be made with locally available sensors with a view
to making it affordable if it were to be mass produced.
i
Acknowledgments
First and foremost, we thank ALLAH, with whom truly all things are possible.
This project is definitely proof of that!
There are a number of people we want to acknowledge and thank for all of their
help along the way. We would like to express our deepest gratitude to all of our
professors who taught us and specially project supervisor Dr. Mohamed Sharaf
for his expertise, encouragement, support and further guidance along five years
of engineering study. We would like to express our deepest gratitude to our
project supervisor Dr. Ramy Agieb for his guidance & constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for his
support in completing the project.
We would like to express our gratitude towards our parents & members of
Modern University for Technology & Information (MTI) for their kind
cooperation & encouragement which helps us in completion of this project.
ii
Table of content
Abstract.......................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... ii
Table of content........................................................................................... iii
List of tables .................................................................................................. v
List of figures................................................................................................ vi
iii
4.2.7 Laptop ........................................................................................................................... 32
4.2.8 LED ............................................................................................................................... 33
4.2.9 Push Button ................................................................................................................... 33
4.2.10 GPS Module .................................................................................................................. 34
4.2.11 Body Temperature Sensor ............................................................................................. 35
4.2.12 Keypad .......................................................................................................................... 36
4.2.13 Heart beat sensor ........................................................................................................... 37
4.3 Software implementation & Hardware connection ................................................... 38
4.3.1 GPS ............................................................................................................................... 38
4.3.2 GSM .............................................................................................................................. 40
4.3.3 Heart beat ...................................................................................................................... 42
4.3.4 Keypad .......................................................................................................................... 44
4.3.5 LCD............................................................................................................................... 46
4.3.6 Body Temperature sensor ............................................................................................. 48
4.3.7 ECG............................................................................................................................... 50
4.3.8 All system connection ................................................................................................... 53
5 Chapter 5 : Web server .............................................................................. 56
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 56
5.2 What is Django? ........................................................................................................ 56
5.3 Why do you need a framework? ............................................................................... 57
5.4 framework ................................................................................................................. 57
5.5 MVC .......................................................................................................................... 58
5.5.1 Model ............................................................................................................................ 59
5.5.2 View .............................................................................................................................. 59
5.5.3 Controller ...................................................................................................................... 59
5.6 Web Server implementation ...................................................................................... 60
5.7 Files of the application .............................................................................................. 61
5.8 Server rendering ........................................................................................................ 62
6 Real time implementation with Results .................................................... 67
6.1 Performance & Evaluation ........................................................................................ 70
6.1.1 Performance Testing Challenges in IoT ........................................................................ 70
7 Chapter 7 : Conclusion............................................................................... 73
7.1 Future Plan ................................................................................................................ 73
References .......................................................................................................... 74
iv
List of tables
v
List of figures
Figure 3.3(a) System model for Temperature & Heart Beat sensor ……………..….……..21
vi
Figure 4.3.5 LCD Connection with microcontroller ………………………………………46
vii
Chapter 1 : Introduction
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Chapter 1
Introduction
1
Chapter 1 : Introduction
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1 Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.1 General
By implementing nursing system will get a new dimension and every patient
can be monitored remotely. By this on the basis of derived data if a patient is in
critical situation, an immediate instruction can be given to the one who is in
charge. It may play a vital role to reduce labor cost, rather will be easy to assess
from anywhere anytime and will be helpful to take immediate decision. Thus,
nursing system will be digitalized. In day to day life, people are affected by
various serious and complex diseases which are highly sensitive .
So, people are continuously anxious about their health condition. They need to
consult with doctors, according with reports and checkup all of that. Internet of
Things (IoT) is a growing present concept which has an effect of many aspect of
human life. Various processes of different concepts including data acquisition,
data transmission and data analytics enables (IoT) based system to support
smart solutions especially for health care [1].
In (IoT) based system, the work progress depends on 3 systems which are
sensor work, transmission and cloud. Firstly, talk about sensor network which is
the first step for monitoring patients as well as data collection. Secondly, the
gateway system which is a continuous connection networks between sensors
and cloud system. The death rate of 55.3 million people dying each year or
1,51,600 people dying each day or 6316 people dying each hour is a big issue
for all over the world [2].
2
Chapter 1 : Introduction
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So, we are proposing a model where patient can measure heart beat rate and
ECG by himself or herself and that report immediately sent to the cloud. Later
that, those reports will used to consult with doctors within very short time. It is
also reduced valuable time for both patients and doctors. They don’t need to
wait for the reports because sensors are giving real time data. The model is very
effective for rural areas people.
1.2 Motivation
Patient monitoring system is much accessible, painless and smooth for the
patient. Recently grew innovative devices executed in patient's body to
reestablish ordinary activities. Sometimes it is quite difficult to know about
health condition of patient for doctor and nurse. For this, they cannot give the
proper treatment and instant result to the patient. Now it is very important to
build up a system which can help doctor and nurse to maintain patient
monitoring remotely
3
Chapter 1 : Introduction
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1.3 Overview
Our system will be beneficial to all age of people especially for the old aged or
ICU patient. It will measure the Heartbeat and ECG of the patient and upload
the result in web server. Therefore, we have developed website in which doctors
can get access and see the output by searching date and time. Moreover, in case
of emergency, nurse or patient’s relative check out patient’s condition by using
live monitor option.
The sensors detect the conditions of the patient and the data is collected and
transferred using a microcontroller. Doctors and nurses need to visit the patient
frequently to examine his/her current condition. In addition to this, use of
multiple microcontrollers based intelligent system provides high-level
applicability in hospitals where many patients must be frequently monitored.
For this, here we use the idea of network technology with wireless applicability,
providing each patient a unique ID by which the doctor can easily identify the
patient and his/her status of health parameters. Using the proposed system, data
can be sent wirelessly to the cloud, allowing continuous monitoring of the
patient. Contributing accuracy in measurements and providing security in
proper alert mechanism give this system a higher level of customer satisfaction
and low-cost implementation . Thus, the patient can engage in his daily
activities in a comfortable atmosphere where distractions of hardwired sensors
are not present.
Mainly, our goal was to build up a system with high accuracy with minimum
cost so that anyone can use and afford this.
4
Chapter 1 : Introduction
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1.4 Objective
Easy to use
It will be a very handy tool as it shows all the data collection and information by
using just only the internet. So, it reduces the workloads and stress of the
relatives of the patient who work outsides.
Reduce costs
When a patient gets health service at home on a real time basis, there is no need
for unnecessary doctor or nursing visit. In particular, this project helps to cut
down cost for hospital stays.
5
Chapter 1 : Introduction
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Non expensive:
This project total cost will be less expensive than any other machines which are
used in the hospitals. Moreover, it is compact, lightweight and easy to use.
6
Chapter 1 : Introduction
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Chapter 2
7
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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2.1 Introduction
But in present time, no remote analysis systems for patients available to help the
doctors to track down the progression of the patient's condition or critical events
in rural area [5]. IoT is nothing but an advanced concept of ICT (Information
Communication Technology). [2] Raspberry pi component is more costly than
AVR component device. Technologies are broadly expanded in web based or on
line system [6]. Now- a - days collecting real time is vital. When the critical
condition, patients are discharging from the hospital, he or she needs to check
up in regular basis. That is why IoT based heath monitoring system is best
option for rural area.
The complexity of IoT combined with the high expectations created by the
Internet, Mobile, and 24/7 IT environments has made the need for new analytics
approaches and technologies more urgent. Achieving desired business
objectives requires the ability to act in real-time to take advantage of
opportunities and address problems quickly.
8
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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3) Innovation in new products and services can drive new revenue and business
value.
9
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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Nowadays, Heart-related diseases are on the rise. Cardiac arrest is quoted as the
major contributor to the sudden and unexpected death rate in the modern stress
filled lifestyle around the globe. A system that warns the person about the onset
of the disease earlier automatically will be a boon to the society. This is
achievable by deploying advances in wireless technology to the existing patient
monitoring system.
This paper proposes the development of a module that provides mobility to the
doctor and the patient, by adopting a simple and popular technique, detecting
the abnormalities in the bio signal of the patient in advance and sending an alert
to the doctor through Global System for Mobile(GSM) thereby taking suitable
precautionary measures thus reducing the critical level of the patient.
Worldwide surveys conducted by World Health Organization (WHO) have
confirmed that the heart-related diseases are on the rise.
This helps in diagnosing the improper functioning of the heart and take
precautions. Some of these lives can often be saved if acute care and cardiac
surgery is provided within the so-called golden hour. So, the need for advice on
first-hand medical attention and promotion of good health by patient monitoring
and follow-up becomes inevitable. Hence, patients who are at risk require that
their cardiac health to be monitored frequently whether they are indoors or
outdoors so that emergency treatment is possible. Telemedicine is widely
considered to be part of the inevitable future of the modern practice of
medicine.
10
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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According to the WHO, 4.9 million people died from lungs cancer, over weight
2.6 million,
4.4 million for elevated cholesterol, 7.1 million for high blood pressure. Patients
who need a regular monitoring by doctors to discuss the state of health
condition, IoT based patient monitoring system is useful for them. The main
concept of IoT is defined as the integration with electronic devices that connect
with doctors or health monitoring persons. IoT the term was first mentioned by
Kevin Ashtor in 1998. IoT can be divided in three sections.
First as hardware layer which allow the interconnection by using sensors and
technologies. Sensors are used to measure Heart Beat, ECG, and Temperature
etc. The main purpose of this IoT is to improve a solution based on ontology
with ability to monitor the health status. [4]
11
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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The Ag/Acl electrode is mostly used for all the application in bio medical
electrode system. These electrodes create an electrical potential and ionic
activity in living cells. After connecting the human body, these potentials are
demonstrated on the body surface. [7]
The heart starts activation at sino-atrical node which is build and produces heart
frequency about 70 cycles per minute. This activation generated to the right and
left muscle tissues. There is delay which use to allow the ventricles to fill with
blood from atrial contraction in the ventricular node.
These activities help to pump blood to the aorta and to the rest of the body. At
last, the re polarization happen and the cycle is repeated time after time. When
the cycle take place, the trans membrane potential which measure the voltage
difference between the internal and external spaces of the cell membrane create
a change at each stage. Voltages differences are measured by using the surface
electrodes. These different peaks P, Q, R, S, T and U are detected in these
stages. [8] in figure 1 it’s shown.
12
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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The heart has four chambers. The upper two chambers (left/right atria) are
section focuses into the heart, while the lower two chambers (left/right
ventricles) are shrinkage chambers sending blood through the course. The
dissemination is splitted into a "circle" through the lungs (aspiratory) and
another "circle" through the body (foundational).
The cardiovascular cycle alludes to an entire pulse from its age to the start of
the following beat, containing a few phases of filling and purging of the
chambers. The frequency of the cardiac cycle is reflected as heart rate (beats per
minute, bpm).
13
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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Heart rate known as pulse rate is the number of times a person’s beat per
minute. Normal heart rate varies from person to person but a normal range for
adults is 60 to 100 beats per minute. Also, normal heart rate depends on the
individual age, body size, heart condition also, the person is sitting or moving,
medication use and even air temperature.
vary heart rate for example getting excited, scared can increase the heart rate.
According to American Herat Association (AHA) well trained athlete may have
a normal heart rate of 40 to 60 beats per minute.
1) Writs
2) Inside of an elbow
3) Side of the neck
4) Top of the foot
How to measure accurate heart rate: Put two fingers over one of these areas and
count the number of beats in60 seconds. Also measure 20 seconds and multiply
by three which is easier than first step.
Resting heart rate: When a person is in resting mode, it is the best time to
measure heartbeat. According (AHA) for adults and older normal heart rate is
between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm). But below 60 (bpm) doesn’t mean
the person has health issue problem. Active people have lower heart rates
because their muscles don’t need to work as hard to maintain a steady beat.
14
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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Maximum and target heart rate: A person’s target heart rate zone is between 50
percent and 85 percent of his or her maximum heart rate. According to (AHA)
30-year-old person would be between 50 and 85 percent of his or her max heart
rate. [9]
2.3.4 ATmega128A
15
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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1) Synchronous
2) Asynchronous
16
Chapter 2 : Background study and literature review
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Chapter 3
17
Chapter 3 : A proposed model
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1. ECG Sensor
2. Heart Beat Sensor
3. Temperature sensor
4. GPS module
5. GSM Module
6. Atmega128A
7. LCD Display
8. Keypad
For power on, 12-volt adapter is using with microcontroller and 5-volt adapter
attached with GSM module externally. Patient will touch the heart beat sensor,
and then the IR sensor’s ray will count the beat from blood flow. After counting
beat from blood flow, we will push the button H-Beat and wait for 20 seconds.
The result will upload and the heart beat value will show in LCD display. For
implement the function of ECG sensor, the sensor will be attached with
patient’s chest and push the button ‘ECG’. In the meanwhile, it will generate the
ECG curve. After that, the curve will upload web page. Similarly, GPS module
and Temperature sensor will make measurements and display it to LCD then
GSM module will send all data to web server .
18
Chapter 3 : A proposed model
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19
Chapter 3 : A proposed model
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The Atmel AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose
working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic
Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one
single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more
code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than
conventional CISC microcontrollers.
The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator,
disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or Hardware Reset. In
Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the user to
maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC Noise
Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except Asynchronous
Timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In
Standby mode, the Crystal/Resonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the
device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with low power
consumption. In Extended Standby mode, both the main Oscillator and the
Asynchronous Timer continue to run.
In this project power adapter is 5v 2amp. From those power sources heart beat
sensor is getting 5 v. 3.3 v power is driven in ECG sensor if more power is
driven in the ECG sensor it will get damage. The GSM module is driven by 5v.
20
Chapter 3 : A proposed model
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Figure 3.3(a): System model for Temperature & Heart Beat sensor
21
Chapter 3 : A proposed model
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22
Chapter 3 : A proposed model
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Chapter 4
Implementation
23
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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4 Chapter 4 : Implementation
To run the system first we need to connect components with the power supply
as atmega is the main control unit. In input side, we have heartbeat sensor,
Temperature sensor, ECG sensor and some manual buttons. On the other hand,
output is shown in the LCD display. Moreover, GSM Module helps to send data
in the cloud and when the data gets uploaded, we can check the output by using
Laptop or Computer by log in to the server.
First of all, a finger is placed in the heartbeat sensor and another one for body
temperature and push button is also pressed so that the system can read data.
After that, it shows result in the LCD display. Also, by pressing the push button,
it can upload the output in webpage through GSM module. Similar process is
done with the ECG sensor but instead of placing a finger, 3 electro pads are
placed in the body and the data reading is taken but LCD display is unable to
show the ECG result in its display as the characters are too long. For this case,
by pressing push button, data is sent through GSM module and shows the ECG
curve in the Web page.
GPS module providing location with longitude ana latitude either in LCD and
web server too .Keypad is used to enter SSN or patient ID .This is all about the
block diagram which shows the entire process of hardware in figure below .
24
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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Heart beat
Finger LCD display
sensor
TEMP.
sensor GSM module
Atmega128
Body ECG
sensor
laptop
Keypad
GPS
Power
adapter
25
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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4.2 Components
To begin with the project, it is very important to know all the information about
both hardware specifications. The components we are using are as follows:
1) Atmega128 microcontroller
2) SIM 900 GSM MODULE
3) GPS MODULE
4) ECG sensor
5) Heartbeat sensor
6) Body Temperature sensor
7) PCB board
8) Power adapter
9) LCD (20*4)
10) Keypad (4*4)
11) Jumper wires
12) Laptop/ computer
13) LED
14) Button
4.2.1 Atmega128
26
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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Features
• Peripheral Features
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes
– Two Expanded 16-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler, Compare
• Operating Voltages
– 2.7 - 5.5V
• Speed Grades
– 0 - 16MHz
27
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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The GPRS Shield provides a way to use the GSM cell phone network to receive
data from a remote location. The shield allows achieving this via any of the
three methods which are: short Message Service, audio and GPRS Service. The
GPRS Shield is compatible with all boards which have the same form factor
(and pin out) as a standard Arduino Board. The GPRS Shield can be configured
and controlled through UART by simple AT commands. Based on the SIM900
module from SIMCOM, the GPRS Shield is like a cell phone. Besides the
communications features, the GPRS Shield has 12 General purpose input output
pins, 2 PWMs and an ADC (Analog to digital Converter).
28
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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An ECG Sensor with disposal electrodes attaches directly to the chest to detect
every heartbeat. The electrodes of ECG sensor will convert heart beat to electric
signal. ECG sensor is very light weight, slim and accurately to measures
continuous heart beat and shows data rate of heart beat. The AD8232 is a little
chip used to measure the electrical activity of the heart. The electrical activity
can be charted as an ECG or Electrocardiogram. Electrocardiography is used to
help diagnose various heart conditions.
Features
The AD8232 heart monitor has 9 connection pins in the IC. They are Ground
(GD), 3.3 V power supply, output signal, leads of detect (LO -), leads of detect
(LO+), shutdown (SDN), Ra (input 1), LA (input 2), RL (input 3). This kit has
also 3 cables.
29
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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In order to run our project, we need a power adapter which are: 5V 2A power
adapter. To connect with microcontroller and to connect with GSM module we
are using 5V 2A power adapter.
30
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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Features
31
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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Jumper wires are used for making connections between items on the PCB and
microcontroller’s header pins. It is required to use them to wire up all the
circuits.
4.2.7 Laptop
In order to do coding, monitor data and develop web server we need a laptop.
32
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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4.2.8 LED
Push button is a kind of switch which is used for controlling a process. Buttons
are usually made of plastic or metal. It can connect two points in a circuit when
someone presses it. When button is not pressed it is open because there is no
connection between the two legs of the push button and reading will be high.
When the button is pressed, it is closed and reading will be low because it
makes a connection between two legs and connect pin to ground. One point is
connected with 12v and another point of the resistor is connecting 10kΩ resistor
with the ground.
33
Chapter 4 : Implementation
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
E.g.
$GPGGA,184237.000,1829.9639,N,07347.6174,E,1,05,2.1,607.1,M,-64.7,M,,0000*7D
GND: Ground
TX: Transmit data serially which gives information about location, time etc.
RX: Receive Data serially. It is required when we want to configure GPS module.
34
Chapter 4 : Implementation
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
This is human body temperature sensor. It can be applied to skin surface and
indicate the body temperature after reaching steady state. The sensor is accurate
and stable and comply with medical certification. It can be used in many
applications such as child incubators, patient monitoring and medical research
labs.
Specifications
▪ Accuracy: +/- 0.4%
▪ Resistance: 2.25 Kohm at 25 C
▪ Cable Length: 3 meters
▪ Time constant: 7 second (sensor require about 5 time constant for
stability to read 99%)
▪ Temperature range: -40 to 100 C
▪ Certification: CE,ISO13485
35
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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4.2.12 Keypad
The 4*4 matrix keypad usually is used as input in a project. It has 16 keys in
total, which means the same input values. Keypad in this project used to enter
SSD or ID for patient .
36
Chapter 4 : Implementation
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is
placed on it. When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in
unison with each heartbeat. This digital output can be connected to
microcontroller directly to measure the Beats Per Minute (BPM) rate. It works
on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse.
FEATURES
37
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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4.3.1 GPS
………………….
…………………..
……………………..
/* convert raw latitude/longitude into degree format */
decimal_value = (value/100);
degrees = (int)(decimal_value);
temp = (decimal_value - (int)decimal_value)/0.6;
position = (float)degrees + temp;
38
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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void gbs_main() {
GGA_Index=0;
memset(GGA_Buffer, 0, Buffer_Size);
memset(degrees_buffer,0,degrees_buffer_size);
LCD_String_xy(2,0,"Lat: ");
get_latitude(GGA_Pointers[0]); /* Extract Latitude */
LCD_String(degrees_buffer) /* display latitude in degree */
memset(degrees_buffer,0,degrees_buffer_size);
LCD_String_xy(3,0,"Long: ");
get_longitude(GGA_Pointers[2]); /* Extract Longitude */
LCD_String(degrees_buffer) /* display longitude in
degree */
memset(degrees_buffer,0,degrees_buffer_size);
LCD_String_xy(4,0,"Alt: ");
get_altitude(GGA_Pointers[7]); /* Extract Altitude in
meters*/
LCD_String(Altitude_Buffer);
}
}
39
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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4.3.2 GSM
………….
………….
………..
)(void gsm_main
{
;]char _buffer[100
#ifdef POST_DEMO
;uint8_t Sample = 0
#endif
40
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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while(1)
{
if (!HTTP_Connected()) /* Check whether gsm connected */
{
SIM900HTTP_Connect(APN, USERNAME, PASSWORD);
SIM900HTTP_Init();
}
………
………
………
41
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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……….
………..
…………
42
Chapter 4 : Implementation
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P = PulseSensor::Signal; // P is the
peak
} // keep track of highest point in
pulse wave
…………….
…………….
…………….
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4.3.4 Keypad
…….
…….
……..
#define KEY_PRT PORTD
#define KEY_DDR DDRD
#define KEY_PIN PIND
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char keyfind()
{
while(1)
{
KEY_DDR = 0xF0; /* set port direction as
input-output */
KEY_PRT = 0xFF;
do
{
do
{
do
{
_delay_ms(20); /* 20ms key
debounce time */
colloc = (KEY_PIN & 0x0F); /* read status of
column */
}while(colloc == 0x0F); /* check for any key
press */
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4.3.5 LCD
……..
……..
……..
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void LCD_String_xy (char row, char pos, char *str)/* Send string to
LCD with xy position */
{
if (row == 0 && pos<16)
LCD_Command((pos & 0x0F)|0x80); /* Command of first row and
required position<16 */
else if (row == 1 && pos<16)
LCD_Command((pos & 0x0F)|0xC0); /* Command of first row and
required position<16 */
LCD_String(str); /* Call LCD string function */
}
void LCD_Clear()
{
LCD_Command (0x01); /* clear display */
LCD_Command (0x80); /* cursor at home position */
}
………………
………………
………………
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………
………
………
void ADC_main()
{
char Temp[10];
float celsius,eeg_rate;
//LCD_String_xy(1,0,"Temp");
celsius = (ADC_Read(0)*4.88);
celsius = (celsius/10.00);
//_delay_ms(1000);
//memset(Temperature,0,10);
eeg_rate = (ADC_Read(0)*4.88);
DATA_FRAME[4]=celsius;
DATA_FRAME[5]=eeg_rate;
}
……..
……..
……..
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4.3.7 ECG
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………………….
…………………..
………………….
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int main(){
SP_ID++;
interruptsInit();
USART1Init();
SIM900HTTP_Start();
SIM900HTTP_Connect();
_delay_ms(3000); /* wait for GSM to CONNECT HTTP */
LCD_Init ();
LCD_String ("System Starting...");
_delay_ms(3000); /* wait for system to be stable */
LCD_CLEAR();
LCD_String ("Enter Petient ID:");
_delay_ms(1500);
kpad_main(); /* getting NATIONAL ID */
gsm_post(DATA_FRAME_2)
while(flag==0);
while(1){
flag=0;
SP_ID++;
gbs_main(); /* getting location */
ADC_main(); /* getting Senseors values */
_delay_ms(1500);
gsm_post(DATA_FRAME_1);
while(flag==0);
}
}
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Chapter 5
Web server
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5.1 Introduction
The whole web Server system the we are making is using the Python
Programing language which make it easy in terms of programming and
deployment
Django is a free and open source web application framework, written in Python.
A web framework is a set of components that helps you to develop websites
faster and easier.
When you're building a website, you always need a similar set of components: a
way to handle user authentication (signing up, signing in, signing out), a
management panel for your website, forms, a way to upload files, etc.
Luckily for you, other people long ago noticed that web developers face similar
problems when building a new site, so they teamed up and created frameworks
(Django being one of them) that give you ready-made components to use.
Frameworks exist to save you from having to reinvent the wheel and to help
alleviate some of the overhead when you’re building a new site.
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To understand what Django is actually for, we need to take a closer look at the
servers. The first thing is that the server needs to know that you want it to serve
you a web page.
5.4 framework
• The Front-End ; The front end of a website is the part that users interact
with. Everything that you see when you’re navigating around the Internet,
from fonts and colors to dropdown menus and sliders, is a combo of
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript being controlled by your computer’s
browser.
To make the process of structuring the Web Server , we are going to use
a paradigm (Application Design Model) called Model-View-Controller or
MVC for short
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5.5 MVC
Traditionally used for desktop graphical user interfaces (GUIs), this pattern has
become popular for designing web applications. Popular programming
languages like JavaScript, Python, Ruby, PHP, Java, C#, and Swift have MVC
frameworks that are used for web or mobile application development straight
out of the box.
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5.5.1 Model
5.5.2 View
5.5.3 Controller
• The controller responds to the user input and performs interactions on the
data model objects. The controller receives the input, optionally validates
it and then passes the input to the model.
As with other software patterns, MVC expresses the "core of the solution" to a
problem while allowing it to be adapted for each system. Particular MVC
designs can vary significantly from the traditional description here.
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1. The doctor accesses the web server as a client requests the patient’s
telemetry on the database .
2. The web server directs the request the in a public manner to Rails
framework which contain the routing and MVC Application Design
3. The controller receives the request and process the request as a (get) then
send it to the model to handle the rest
4. When the Model receive the get request goes to the database which is
automatically built by Django and fetch the desired information and
forward it back to the model
5. Then the model sends the information to the controller which will process
and handle the information .
6. The view receives the info from the controller as (POST) to make it into a
presentable form that the use (doctor ) may understand which usually in
HTML and CSS language combined (web page ).
7. Lastly the controller sends the webpage to the browser where the client
(doctor ) can read .
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➢ admin.py file is used to display your models in Django admin panel also
you can customize your admin panel using admin.py file
➢ Views.py contains definitions for the templates and how to control them
➢ Test.py used to make tests, the default behavior of the test utility is to
find all the test cases
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Chapter 6
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2) IoT devices or sensors spread across different places and use different
network to connect to servers to send and receive data. we can simulate
devices from different locations using different networks such as 2G, 3G,
4G, Bluetooth, WIFI etc.
3) Sometimes IoT implementations require the data from device that needs
to be processed at runtime and based on data received, corresponding
decision to be made. These decisions are generally notifications or alerts,
these notifications are to be monitored i.e. time taken to generate the
notification.
Amount of data Sends and receives minimal data per request but
data is shared continuously with time interval
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Chapter 7
Conclusion
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Chapter 7 : Conclusion
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7 Chapter 7 : Conclusion
In general, IoT based health care platform which connects with smart sensors
attach with human body for health monitoring for daily checkup. In this report
we discussed about IoT based patient monitoring system. The system
technologies being used by smart phones or gadgets in present time where we
also mentioned about advantages, challenges and opportunities. Due to the
importance of observing medical patient, continuous remote monitoring is
necessary. Our project work is giving the opportunity to monitor patient
continuously by using the web service . This report also compared the early
aged medical system between present time health monitoring. The present time
represents the time reducing, reduce health care cost especially for rural area
people.
Similarly, Apps will be built and uploaded in the store. Therefore, people will
get the opportunity to download the Apps from Google Play Store and install it
in their Mobile phone. And starting to send SMS alert to patient relatives with
location by receiving SMS or notification alert doctors and relatives can take
necessary action. it saves lives in case of emergency.
Due to the importance of observing medical state of patients who are suffering
from acute diseases , a continuous remote patient monitoring is essential.
Internet of Things is able to provide tools to build comprehensive services.
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References
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References
[1] Iman Azimi, Arman Anzanpour, Amir M. Rahmani, Pasi Liljeberg, Tapio Salakoski,
“Medical Warning System Based on Internet of Things Using Fog Computing”.
[2] Vivek Pardeshi, Saurabh Sagar, Swapnil Murmurwar, Pankaj Hage, “Health
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[4] https://ac.els-cdn.com/S18770506301260/1-s2.0-S1877050916301260-
main.pdf?_tid=dcbc873b-3c7a-4fea-8d41-
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[5] R.N. Kirtana, Y.V. Lokeswari, “An IoT Based Remote HRV Monitoring System For
Hypertensive Patients”.
[6] Ruhani Ab. Rahman, Nur Shima Abdul Aziz, Murizah Kassim, Mat Ikram Yusof,
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[7] https://www.eeworldonline.com/a-brief-look-at-ecg-sensor-technology/
[8] Dhvani Parekh, “Designing Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Body Temperature
Sensors for Mobile On-Call System”.
[9] https://www.livescience.com/42081-normal-heart-rate.html
[10] P. Sundaram, Patient Monitoring System Using Android Technology, International Journal
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[11] Parekh, D. (2010). Designing heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature sensors for the
mobile on-call system. Bachelor Degree Thesis. McMaster University.
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