1

2
3
First layer closest to the lumen: Stratified squamous epithelium non keratinized.
Then lamina propria
Muscular layer: muscularis mucosa (Blue Arrow)
Submucosa (dark Green Arrow)
Inner Circular layer of muscularis externa (Red arrow)
outer longitudinal layer of muscularis externa (Light Green aroow)

4
Blue: Muscularis mucosa
Red: Submucosa
Green: inner circular
Black: outer longitudanal

5
Blue: Epithelium Squamous epithelium non keratinized.
Red: Muscularis mucosa
Star: Lamina propria

6
Red: Esophageal gland proper, Mixed mainly mucous. Present in the submucosa. The
serous part secretes Pepsinogen and lysozymes.
Blue: Muscularis mucosa
Green: Inner circular layer of muscular externa
*If there’s glands in the lamina propria we call it esophageal Cardiac gland. Has a
different location, upper or lower part of the esophagus.

7
*A drawing
A cross section (with the direction Circular layer.)
Section had been taken from the upper part, depending on the muscle. All skeletal
(peripheral nucleus). [Look at F]
Middle part of the esophagus is mixed muscles (smooth and skeletal) while the lower
part is mainly Smooth.
A: Epithelial layer
B: Lamina propria
C: Muscularis mucosa
D: Submucosa + Glands (E)(Esophygeal gland prper.)
F: Inner circular layer
G: Outer longitudinal layer
H: Adventistia (Except the part of it where it joins the stomach)

8
Same as before
Notice the circular layer nuclei, they are located peripheral -> Skeletal.

9
Centralized nuclei in the Circular layer -> Smooth muscles (Lower part of esophagus)
Cross section.

10
This section if from the joining of esophagus to the stomach, notice the epithelial
change.
Stratified squamous epithelium to Simple columnar (which covers the stomach).
This is called the cardiac sphincter Region.
In the lamina propria we have Esophageal cardiac glands.
Epithelium
Lamina propria + esophygeal cardiac glands
Muscularis mucosa
Submucosa + glanda
Inner circular layer (Centralized nuclei-> Smooth muscles.)

11
Stomach is divided into Cardiac region (Fundus and body have the same histology)
Antrum and pyloric have the same histology.

12
Cell distribution.
Surface mucous cells, Simple columnar Surface cells.
In the gastric pit region we have surface mucous cells + Stem cells (located basally of
the pit)
Glands Ithmus and neck (histologically same and have mucous neck cells and parietal
cells [HCl prodocing cells]) and Base.
Mucous of the neck cells is more watery than the surface mucous cells’ mucous.
Basal third have mainly Chief Cells (pepsinogen + rennin + gastriclypase) and some
enteroendocrine cells (Denis type cells).

13
Fundus and body region.
Parietal cells are found in high numbers:
Round cells
Esinophilic Cytoplasm (Pink)
Nucleus is round.
In the antrum and pyloric region it is present but in lower numbers.
As the parietal cells decrease in number the chief cells increase in number.
Layers:
Surface
Gastric pit (star)
Branching then glands (first two parts of the gland we have mucous neck cells and
parietal cells.
Isthmus and neck regions(mucous neck cells and parietal cells)
Basal region contain chief cells which are basophilic (blue) [contain parital cells but
small in number]
Layers:
Red: Gastric glands in lamina propria
Green: Muscularis mucosa
Blue: Submucosa
Purple: Inner most (inner) Oblique layer
Orange: Inner (middle) circular
Black: Outer longitudinal
Then we have Connective tissue (Serosa) followed by Simple squamous epithelium
Blue box: Myenteric nerve plexus
Green box: Lymphatic nodule

Stomach is intraperitoneal and so it is covered entirely by serosa.

14
Trilaminar arrangement gives the fundus and body of stomach characteristics.
Yellow star: Gastric pit region + surface epithelium.
Purple star: Here we have high number of parietal cells, Round pink cells (Esthmus
and neck)
Green Star: Chief cells have a higher number here which are present in the basal
region.
Enteroendocrine cells need special stain to appear.

15
Drawing Showing:
Pit region
Gland (neck and esthmus region)
As we go down, the parietal cell begin to decrease while appearance of another type
of cells begins and increases in number as we go down, Chief cells (Basal Region)

16
Red: Pit
Green: Muscularis mucosa

17
Blue: Gastric pit
Yellow: Parietal cells (fried egg appearance)
Pink: Chief cells (basophilic cells)

18
Red arrow: Mucous layer covering the stomach surface epithelium protecting it from
acid digestion.
Box: Blood vessel (Capillary)

19
Parietal cells
Esinophilic
Fried egg appearance
Intacellular canaliculi/ Tubulo vesicular System: Light areas in the cytoplasm. HCl
Secretion takes place here.

20
Yellow arrow: Parietal Cells. Due to tubulovesicular system
Green arrow: Neck cell, they are the second main cells in the esthmus and neck
region.

21
A parietal Cell. EM image
We can differentiate if it is active or resting by looking at the tubulovasicular system.
If resting: the system is highly extensive, evenly distributed among the cell.
If active: System is less extensive and concentrated in one place. Microvilli are
present in higher number.

22
Basophilic
Exhibit basal basophilia, the basal region of the cell is basophilic.
Basal region of the cell contains the nucleus and the rER which has ribosomes,
contributing to the basophilic characteristics.
Apical secretary granules are lighter.

23
EM image of chief cells.
Small secretary granules and vesicles, these are part of the enteroendocrine cells
(Denis cells) cells present in the basal region.
These vesicles contain hormones to be secreted into the lumen. They are either
paracrine (effect local cells) or endocrine (effect away cells).

24