RENAL

CALCULI
PRESENTED BY
UMARA AFRA
 RENAL CALCULI

Renal calculi is also known as urolithiasis is a kidney stone disease where a

solid piece of material (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract.

TYPES OF RENAL CALCULI

• Cystine Stone,
• Calcium Stone,
• Uric Acid Stone,
• Struvite Stone.
  Cystine Stone  Uric Acid Stone
These stones forms in people with a hereditary disorder called cystinuria that
Causes the kidneys to excrete too much of a specific amino acid.
 Calcium stones
Most kidney stones are calcium stones, usually in the form of calcium
oxalate.
Oxalate is a substance made daily by your liver or absorbed from your diet.
These stones form in the people who lose too much fluid because of chronic
diarrhea or malabsorption, those who eat high protein diet, and with diabetes
or metabolic syndrome.
 Struvite stones
These stones form in response to urinary tract infection. These stones can
grow quickly and become quite large
 CAUSES
kidney stones form when your urine contains more
crystal forming substances such as calcium oxalate and
uric acid than fluid in your urine can dilute. At the same
time, your urine may lack substances that prevent
crystals from sticking together, creating an ideal
 Symptoms environment for kidney stones to form
• Stomach pain
• Backache
• Nausea and Vomitings
• Diziness
• High fever
• Blood in urine
• Cloudy and foul smelling urine

 RISK FACTORS
• Family history
• Dehydration
• Obesity
• Certain supplements and medication
• Eating diet that high in protein, sodium, and sugar
 TREATMENT
Treatment includes pain relievers and drinking lots of water to help to
pass the stone. Medical procedures may be required to remove or
break up larger stones.

 Supportive care
Monitoring for changes and improvement, Increases fluid intake and iv
Fluids

 Medical procedures
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy, Ureteroscopic stone removal and
laser lithotripsy.

 Medication
Narcotic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and diuretic
DIETARY MANAGEMENT
•Eat a balanced diet that is moderate in animal protein like chicken, fish,
and eggs. Excess protein may trigger kidney stones.
•Increase daily fibre intake. Include whole grains, millets, oats, daliya
and variety of fruits and vegetables.
•Drink lemonade, its vitamin C helps to prevent kidney stones.
•Consume enough calcium foods.
•Low sodium.
•Low refined sugars.
•Normal protein as required by body.
•Flexible oxalate foods.
•Plenty of oral fluids.

To prevent calcium oxalate stone, avoid or

limit
•Dark green vegetables (Spinach)
•Beer
•Beets / Rhubarb
•Beans
•Chocolate
•Berries / Cranberries
•Sweet Potatoes
•Tea and Coffee
 Diet chart for renal
calculi
Meal Time Items Servings
Early morning Plain water 2 glass
6:00 – 6:30
Breakfast Bajra upma with 1/2cup
8:00 – 8:30 vegetables/2 jowar
roti with bhindi curry
Mid morning Guava 1 medium size

Lunch Rice + 2bajra roti with 1/2 cup

ridge gourd curry+
cucumber salad
Evening Lemonade 1 glass
Dinner Rice with capsicum ½ cup
8:00 – 8:30 curry
Bed time Green tea 1 cup
  Do's And Dont's
 Do’s
•Increase fibre intake
•Consume 10 to 12 glasses of water per
day
•Try to include fruits and vegatables in your
diet.
•Include low oxalate rich food
•Include calcium intake in your diet

× Dont’s
•Avoid animal protein like, chicken, fish and
egg.
•Avoid too much of caffeine
•Avoid high oxalate food like, spinach, dark
•Chocolates, black tea, cashewnuts.
•Avoid unnecessary consumption of
vitamin
Supplements.