QUESTION BANK UNIVERSTIY EXAMS

Chapter 1: MAN AND MEDICINE

1. Chinese Medicine
2. Egyptian Medicine
3. Greek Medicine
4. Hippocrates
5. Sanitary Awakening
6. Germ Theory of disease
7. Health for All
8. Bare foot doctors

Chapter 2: CONCEPT OF HEALTH DISEASE

1. Definition of Health
2. Dimensions of Health
3. Spectrum of Health
4. Determinants of Health
5. Self-Care in Health
6. INDICATORS OF HEALTH – Enlist and describe
7. Morbidity Indicators
8. Disability rates – HALE, QALY, DALY
9. PQLI, HDI
10.“Health for All” Indicators
11. Milleneum Development Goals – Indicators
12. Levels of Health Care
13. Health Team Concept
14.Epidemiological Triad
15.The Triangle of epidemiology
16.Advanced model of Triangle of Epidemiology
17.Web of Causation
18.Describe the Natural History of Disease with an example
19.Iceberg of disease
 20.Disease Elimination V/s Eradication
21.Monitoring and Surveillance
22.Describe the levels of Prevention with Examples
23.Describe the modes of Intervention under different levels of Prevention
with Examples
24.Primordial prevention
25.Rehabilitation
26.Functions of a physician
27.Community Diagnosis

Chapter 3: PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS

1. Define Epidemiology. Describe in detail the procedures involved in

conducting Descriptive studies
2. Classification of Epidemiological Studies
3. Crude Death Rate
4. Crude Birth Rate
5. Specific Death Rate
6. Case fatality Rate
7. Proportional Mortality Rate
8. Survival Rate
9. Short Term Fluctuations
10.Periodic Fluctuations
11.Long Term or Secular Trends
12.Types of Epidemics
13.Common Source Epidemics with Examples
a. Single Exposure or “Point Source” Epidemics
b. Continuous or multiple exposure Epidemics
14.Propagated Epidemics
15.Slow(Modern )Epidemics
16.Spot Map, John Snow
17.Migration Studies
18.Cross – sectional v/s Longitudinal studies
19.Describe the study design of a Case Control Study and the steps involved in
conducting the study
20.Describe the study design of a cohort study and the steps involved in
conducting the study.
21.Relative Risk
22.Odds Ratio
23.Bias in Case Control Studies
24.Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Control studies
25.Attribute risk, Population Attribute risk
26.Advantages and Disadvantages of Cohort studies
27. Difference between Case control study and cohort study
28.Randomized controlled trials
29.Blinding
30.Types of Randomized controlled Trials
31.Association and Causation
32.Uses of Epidemiology
33.Endemic v/s pandemic v/s Epidemic
34.Nosocomial Infection
35.Opportunistic infection
36.Iatrogenic Disease
37.Dynamics of Disease Transmission
38.Types of Carriers
39.Primary Case v/s Index Case v/s Secondary case
40.Modes of Transmission
41.Biological Transmission
42.Successful Parasitism
43.Incubation period
44.Latent period
45.Serial Interval
46.Generation Time
47.Secondary Attack rate
48.Active Immunity v/s Passive Immunity
49.Herd Immunity
 50.Immunoglobulins
51.Types of Vaccines
52.Newer Vaccines
53.National Immunization Schedule
54.The cold chain system
55.Open vial policy
56.Vaccine vial monitors (VVM)
57.Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
58.Disease Prevention and Control measures
59.Notification of disease
60.International Health Regulations (IHR)
61.Isolation v/s Quarantine
62.Chemoprophylaxis
63.Health advice to travellers
64.Types of Disinfection
65.Steps involved in Investigation of an Epidemic

Chapter 4: SCREENING FOR DISEASE

1. Screening Test v/s Diagnostic Test

2. Lead time in screening
3. Uses of screening
4. Types of screening
5. Criteria for screening
6. Validity of a screening test

Chapter 5: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1. Chicken Pox
2. Epidemiology, Control and Prevention measures for Measles
3. Measles Vaccine
4. Congenital Rubella
5. Antigenic shift and Antigenic Drift
6. Influenza Vaccines
7. Epidemiology, Control and Preventive measures Diphtheria
8. Shiek test
9. DPT Vaccine
10.Pentavalent vaccine
11.Acute Respiratory Infections – Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
12.Tuberculosis – Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
13.Epidemiological Indices in Tuberculosis.
14.Natural History of Tuberculosis
15.Case finding tools in Tuberculosis
16.Newer Diagnostic tests in tuberculosis
17.Mantoux test
18.Second line of drugs in treatment of TB
19.National tuberculosis Elimination Programme
20.Daily dose regimen in TB
21.BCG vaccine
22.Chemoprophylaxis in TB
23.THE END TB STRATEGY
24.Polio Eradication and End game strategic plan
25.Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance
26.Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
27.Inactivated (salk) Polio Vaccine (IPV)
28.Strategies for polio eradication in India
29.Line listing of Cases
30.Pulse Polio Immunization
31.Hepatitis ‘A’ - Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
32.Hepatitis ‘B’ - Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
33.Australian Antigen
34.High Risk Groups for Hepatitis B
35.Hepatitis B Vaccine
36.Acute Diarrheal Diseases - Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
37.Epidemiological determinants of ADD
38.Rehydration Therapy in ADD
39. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)
40.Rotavirus vaccine
41.Cholera- Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
42.Typhoid fever- Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
43.Anti-Typhoid Vaccines
44.Food poisoning
45.Investigation of Food poisoning
46.Amoebiasis
47.Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis
48.Dengue Syndrome
49.Malaria - Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
50.Epidemiological types of Malaria
51.Bionomics of vector
52.Malaria Indices
53.Annual Parasite Incidence (ARI)
54.Approaches & Strategies of Malaria Control
55.Treatment of P.Vivax and P.falciparum Cases
56.Larvicides
57.Source Reduction
58.Roll Back Malaria
59.Filaria Survey
60.Filarial Indices
61.Mass Drug Administration (MDA) in Filariasis
62.Zyka Virus disease
63.Rabies - Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
64.Rabies-Post Exposure Prophylaxis
65.Classification of Dog bite (Catogeries)
66.Anti-Rabies Vaccines
67.Pre Exposure Prophylaxis – Rabies
68.17D Vaccine
69.International Certificate of Vaccination for Yellow fever.
70.Nipah Virus Infection
71.Japanese Encephalitis- Epidemiology, Control and Prevention
72.Control of JE, JE Vaccine
73.Kyasanur Forest Disease(KFD)
 74.Leptospirosis
75.Plague, Epidemiology, Prevention and Control
76.Flea Indices
77.Control of Trachoma
78.Tetanus - Epidemiology, Prevention and Control
79.Types of Tetanus
80.Leprosy- Epidemiology, Prevention and Control
81.Classification of Leprosy
82.Bacterial Index
83.Morphological Index
84.Lepromin Test
85.Multidrug therapy in Leprosy
86.Lepra Reaction
87.Deformities in Leprosy
88.Rehabilitation in Leprosy
89.Syndromic Approach in STD’s
90.High Risk group – in HIV/AIDS
91.AIDS - Epidemiology, Prevention and Control
92.Targeted Interventions (TI) in HIV/AIDS
93.Opportunistic Infections in HIV/AIDS
94.Anti-Retroviral Treatment in HIV/AIDS
95.Post Exposure Prophyloxisin HIV/AIDS
96.Emerging & Reemerging Enfectious Diseases
97.Hospital Acquired Infections.

Chapter 6: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

1. Gaps in natural history of Non communicable diseases

2. Epidemiology, control & prevention of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
3. Risk factors for CHD
4. Risk factor Intervention trials
5. Framingham study
6. Epidemiology, control & prevention of Hypertension
7. Classification of B.P Measurements
 8. “Rule of Halves” in Hypertensions.
9. “Tracking” of blood pressure
10.Risk factors for hypertension
11.Epidemiology, control & prevention of stroke
12.Epidemiology, control & prevention of Rheumatic Heart Disease(RHD)
13.Revised Jones Criteria for Diagnosis of Rheumatic fever and RHD
14.“Danger Signals” of Cancer
15.Cancer screening
16.Epidemiological features of Oral cancer
17.Risk factors, control & prevention of Cancer cervix
18.Risk factors, control & prevention of Breast cancer
19.Cancer Registries
20.Epidemical determinants, prevention & control of Diabetes mellitus.
21.Self-care in Diabetes mellitus
22.Prevention of Diabetes mellitus
23.Epidemiological determinants, prevention & control of Obesity
24.Assessment of obesity
25.Epidemiological determinants prevention & control of visual impairment
and blindness.
26.Define Accidents, types of accidents
27.Risk factors and prevention of road traffic accidents.

Chapter 7: HEALTH PROGRAMMES IN INDIA

1. National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme(NVBDCP)

2. Integrated Vector Control Approach/ Integrated Vector
management(IVM)
3. Insecticide Treated Bed nets(ITB)
4. Surveillance in malaria.
5. National Leprosy “Eradication” Programme
6. Case detection and management in Leprosy.
7. Survey, Education and Treatment (SET) Scheme.
8. National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme
9. Newer Initiatives under Tuberculosis Programme
10.National AIDS Control Programme
11.HIV Surveillance/Sentinel Surveillance
12.Integrated counseling and testing centres(ICTC)
13.Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission of HIV(PPTCT)
14.Targeted Interventions (TI)for High Risk groups in HIV
15.National Programme for Control of Blindness
16.Vision 2020: The Right to Sight
17.Iodine Deficiency Disorders(IDD)Programme
18.Universal Immunization Programme
19.National Health Mission(NHM)
20.Job /responsibilities of ASHA workers.
21.Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)
22.Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram(JSSK)
23.Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre
24.Management of Child with SAM in health care facility
25.Integrated management of Neonatal and Childhood illness (IMNCI)
26.Triage of sick new borns
27.Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC)
28.Navjat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram(NSSK)
29.Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram(RBSK)
30.RMNCH+A Programme –Strategies, Goals, Targets
31.5x5 matrix RMNCH+A interventions
32.Adolescent Health Programme
33.Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health Programme(ARSH)
34.Weekly Iron & Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS)
35.India New Born Action Plan (INAP)
36.Interventions under National Health Mission for Newborns
37.Strategic Intervention Packages under NHM
38.National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE)
39.National Programme for Prevention and Control Cancer, Diabetes,
Cardio Vascular Diseases and Stroke(NPCDCS)
40.Opportunistic Screening
41.National Tobacco Control Programme.
 42.National Mental Health Programme
43.Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP)
44.Ayushman Bharat Programme
45.Swachh Bharat mission

Chapter 8: MDG & SDG

1. Health related MDG’s in India

2. Sustainable development goal 3 9SDG)

Chapter 9: Demography and Family planning

1. Demographic cycle
2. Demographic indicators
3. Dependency ratio
4. Population explosion in India and measures taken by Government of
India for the control
5. Fertility related statistics
6. Net Reproduction Rate (NRR)
7. Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
8. Scope of family planning services
9. Objectives of family planning
10.Eligible couples
11.Small family norm
12.Target couples
13.Couple Protection Rate(CPR)
14.National Population Policy (NPP) 2000
15.Contraceptive methods
16.Barrier methods
17.Intra-uterine devices
18.Hormonal methods
19.Post-conceptional methods
20.Terminal methods
21.Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
22.Pearl Index
 23.DMPA
24.NET-EN
25.Subdermal implants
26.Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (MTP), 1971
27.Natural family planning methods
28.Unmet need for family planning
29.Community Needs Assessment Approach
30.National Family Welfare Programme

Chapter 10: Preventive medicine in Obstetrics, Pediatrics and Geriatrics

1. Social obstetrics
2. Preventive pediatrics
3. Social pediatrics
4. Describe in detail Antenatal care
5. Objectives of Antenatal care
6. Risk approach in ANC
7. High risk pregnancy
8. Warning signs during pregnancy
9. Danger signals during labor
10.Rooming-in
11.Objectives of postnatal care
12.Complications of post-partum period
13.Exclusive breastfeeding
14.Kangaroo mother care(KMC)
15.Essential newborn care
16.Neonatal screening
17.“At-risk” Infants
18.Low Birth weight – causes and prevention
19.Small for date (SFD) Babies
20.Baby Friendly Hospital Initiatives(BFHI)
21.National guidelines on Infant and Young child Feeding (IYCF)
22.Determinants of growth and development
23.Methods of assessment of growth
 24.The growth chart
25.Child Health Problems
26.Mother and Child Tracking
27.Right of the child
28.National policy for children
29.Indicators of MCH care
30.School Health Services
31.Handicapped children
32.Behavior problems of children
33.Juvenile delinquency
34.Battered Baby Syndrome
35.Child abuse
36.Street children
37.Child guidance clinic
38.Child placement
39.ICDS Scheme
40.Health problems of Adolescents
41.Health problems of the Aged
42.IMNCI

Chapter 11: Nutrition and Health

1. Essential amino acids

2. Supplementary action of proteins(Amino acids)
3. Trans-fatty acids
4. Glycemic index
5. Proximate principles
6. Role of dietary fibres
7. Xerophthalmia
8. Vitamin D deficiency
9. Beriberi
10.Pellagra
11.Scurvy
12.Iodine deficiency disorders
 13.Fluorosis
14.Dietary anti-oxidants
15.Reference proteins
16.Balanced diet and Prudent diet
17.Assessment of protein
18.Nutritional problems in Public Health
19.Types of under nutrition
20.Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)
21.PEM –Protein Energy Malnutrition- causes, clinical features,
management and prevention
22.Nutritional Anemia
23.Lathyrism
24.Assessment of nutritional status
25.Assessment of dietary intake
26.Nutritional surveillance v/s Growth monitoring
27.Milk borne disease
28.Pasteurization of milk
29.Food borne diseases
30.Aflatoxins
31.Epidemic dropsy
32.Food additives
33.Food Fortification
34.Adulteration of food
35.Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954
36.Food standards
37.Community Nutrition Programmes
38.Vitamin A prophylaxis programme
39.Mid- Day Meal programme

Chapter 12: Medicine and Social sciences

1. Anthropology
2. Medical sociology
3. Socialization
 4. Social control mechanisms
5. Acculturation
6. Social pathology
7. Motivation
8. Incentives
9. Types of learning
10.Intelligence quotient (IQ)
11.Phases of Family Life Cycle
12.Types of families
13.Role of family in Health and Disease
14.Broken family
15.Problem families
16.Cultural factors in Health and Disease
17.Socio-economic status scale
18.Wealth index
19.Standard of living index (SLI)
20.Doctor-Patient Relationship
21.Medico social worker
22.Social problems
23.Social security measures taken in India

Chapter 13: Tribal Health in India

1. Tribal Health

Chapter 14: Environment and Health

1. Difference between shallow well and deep well

2. Sanitary well
3. Water related diseases
4. Purification of water on large scale
5. Purification of water on small scale
6. Rapid sand filters
7. Chlorination
8. Method of chlorination
9. Break point chlorination
10.Super chlorination
11.Orthotolidine test (OT)
12.Disinfection of wells
13.Water quality- criteria and standards
14.Presumptive coliform test (MPN)
15.Surveillance of drinking water quality
16.Hardness of water
17.Rain water harvesting
18.Water conservation
19.Indices of thermal comfort
20.Comfort zones
21.Air pollution- sources, air pollutant and prevention and control
22.Indoor air pollution
23.Effects of air pollution
24.Monitoring of air pollution
25.Types of ventilation
26.Day light factor (D.F.)
27.Effects of Noise exposure
28.Control of Noise
29.Effects of Radiation
30.Effects of Heat stress
31.Effects of Cold stress
32.Global warming
33.Relative humidity
34.Criteria for healthful housing
35.Housing standards
36.Housing and health
37.Overcrowding
38.Indicators of housing
39.Methods of solid waste disposal
40.Controlled tipping
41.Composting
 42.Sanitation barrier
43.Septic tank
44.Biomedical oxygen demand (BOD)
45.Chemical oxygen demand(COD)
46.Modern sewage Treatment
47.Activated sludge process
48.Sludge digestion
49.Oxidation pond
50.Arthropod-borne diseases
51.Transmission of Arthropod-borne diseases
52.Biological transmission
53.Life cycle of vector
54.Bionomics of vectors
55.Mosquito control measures
56.Flea indices
57.Diseases transmitted by ticks
58.Cyclops
59.Insecticides
60.Anti-rodent measures
61.Rodenticides

Chapter 15: Hospital Waste Management

1. Health hazards of hospital care waste

2. Treatment and disposal technologies for healthcare waste
3. Classify Biomedical waste, Categories and segregation, collection,
treatment, processing and disposal options

Chapter 16: Disaster Management

1. Types of Disasters
2. Disaster impact and response
3. Disaster cycle
4. Triage in disaster management
5. Disaster preparedness
 6. Disaster mitigation
7. Man- made disasters

Chapter 17: Occupational Health

1. Occupational hazards
2. Occupational diseases
3. Pneumoconiosis
4. Silicosis
5. Anthracosis
6. Bysinossis
7. Baggosis
8. Farmer’s lung
9. Lead poisoning
10.Occupational cancers
11.Occupational hazards of agricultural workers
12.Sickness absenteeism
13.Ergonomics
14.Health problems due to industrialization
15.Accidents in industry
16.Measures for protection of Health of workers
17.Prevention of Occupational diseases
18.Pre-placement examination
19.Periodic examination
20.The Factories Act, 1948
21.The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
22.Sickness benefit
23.Extended sickness benefit
24.Maternity benefit

Chapter 18: Genetics and Health

1. Prenatal diagnosis
2. Role of genetic predisposition in common disorders
3. Gene therapy
 4. Human Genome Project
5. Population genetics
6. Eugenics
7. Euthenics
8. Genetic counseling
9. Screening of newborn infants

Chapter 19: Mental Health

1. Characteristics of a mentally healthy person

2. Warning signals of poor mental health
3. Types of mental illness
4. Causes of mental ill health
5. Mental health services
6. Alcoholism and drug dependence
7. Symptoms of drug addiction

Chapter 20: Health Information and Basic Medical Statistics

1. Sources of Health Information in India

2. Census
3. Registration of vital events
4. Sample registration system (SRS)
5. Notification of diseases
6. Record linkage
7. Bar chart
8. Histogram
9. Pie charts
10.Pictogram
11.Measures of central tendency
12.Measures of dispersion
13.Normal distribution curve
14.Sampling- methods and errors
15.Tests of significance
16.Chi-square test
Chapter 21: Communication for Health Education

1. Types of communication
2. Barriers of communication
3. Approach of Health Education
4. Models of Health Education
5. Contents of Health Education
6. Principles of Health Education
7. Methods in Health Education
8. Group discussion
9. Panel discussion

Chapter 22: Health Planning and Management

1. Planning cycle
2. Management methods and techniques
3. Cost benefit analysis
4. Cost –effective analysis
5. Network analysis
6. National Health Policy 2017
7. Bhore committee, 1946
8. Mudaliar committee,1962
9. Shrivatsav committee,1975
10.Kartar Singh committee, 1973
11.NITI AAYOG
12.Health system in India
13.Director General of Health services(DGHS)
14.Evaluation of Health services

Chapter 23: Health care of the community

1. Levels of Health care

2. Changing concepts in Healthcare
3. Primary health care – definition, elements and principles with examples
4. Primary Health Care in India
 5. Health Care System in India
6. Subcentre
7. Primary Health Centre
8. Community Health Centre
9. IPHS Standards for PHC’s and CHC’s
10.First Referral Unit
11.Job responsibilities of Medical officer, PHC
12.Job responsibilities of Health worker Male and Female
13.Health Insurance
14.Voluntary Health Agencies in India

Chapter 24: International Health

1. Functions of WHO
2. Structure of WHO
3. Services by UNICEF
4. GOBI FFF
5. FAO
6. ILO
7. USAID
8. Rockfeller Foundation
9. Ford Foundation
10.International Red Cross Society
11.Indian Red Cross Society