Reservoir Navigation / Visualisation Services

Reservoir Navigation Services

Level 3 – Proactive Real-time Geosteering
presented by

Martin Venier, Baker Hughes Inteq

Reservoir Navigation Services

• Advanced GEOSTEERING -
Ê The real-time utilisation of LWD formation evaluation sensors in
conjunction with directional data to land the drilling assembly in
the target horizon, then to maintain the well bore in the zone of
maximum interest.
SPE Levels of Geosteering

• Passive ( Level 1 )
Ê Geometric well plan
Ê Geo-correlation and confirmation
Ê But no real-time decision making based information gathered during drilling process

• Reactive ( Level 2 )
Ê Shallow reading measurements, possibly a long way behind drill bit
Ê Allows geo-confirmation and correlation based on what has already been drilled
Ê Allows decision making / trajectory changes based on what has already been drilled

• Pro-active ( Level 3 )
Ê Shallow & deep reading measurements, as close to the bit as possible
Ê Allows all the above, plus in certain environments some look ahead capability
Ê Allows decision making / trajectory changes based on not only what has been drilled, but also
on what is likely to be drilled
Ê Baker Hughes INTEQ’s Reservoir Navigation Services
Ê Over 400 projects worldwide, successfully navigated, successfully geosteered.
Reservoir Navigation Services -
Real-time Geosteering advise for optimum wellbore placement
• Set up to compliment new technology integrated drilling & evaluation tools.
• Proactive Reservoir Navigation / Geosteering service utilising deepest DOI
sensors in industry.
• Allows early bed boundary detection,
“look ahead”, decision making based
not only on what has been drilled, but what is likely to be drilled.
• Real-time interpetational advice.
• Real-time remodelling of LWD data to describe & predict stratigraphy.
Principle Objectives
Reservoir NaviGation Services optimize each project by…..

z Providing a Dedicated Service and decision advice to . . . .

z Ensure optimal entry into the reservoir.
z Remain within optimum zone in the reservoir.
z Predict and avoid exit from the reservoir.

The end result : Value $$$

- optimal placement of the borehole in the reservoir.
- increased production and ultimately increased recovery.
- potential reduction in the number of wells that need to be drilled.
- reduced stimulation costs.
Reservoir NaviGation / Visualisation Services

• Tools & Sensors for Real-Time Reservoir Navigation

AutoTrak ® G3 / OnTrak ®
Integrated Drilling and Evaluation System
Near bit Formation Evaluation sensors

Steering Unit Sensor Module Bi-directional Comm. &

Inclination Pressure Resistivity Directional Power Module
1.0m (3.1ft) 4.7m (16.4 ft) 6.1m (20.0ft) 7.8m (25.6ft)

ATK G3 OnTrak™ BCPM

Dual Azimuthal Vibration & Stick-Slip

Gamma 7.8m 25.6ft)
5.0m 16.4ft)

Acoustic Azimuthal
Caliper Density Porosity Dynamics
14.9m (48.9ft) 15.6m (51.2ft) 18.0m (59ft) 20.1m (65.9ft)

Optimized Rotational Caliper Corrected Co-Pilot

Density (ORD) Neutron (CCN)
Benefits of AutoTrak®
Rotary Closed Loop Systems
• Integral near bit formation evaluation sensor array
• Closed loop system
Ê Internal Closed Loop – automatically adjusts steering ribs to keep on pre-programmed
trajectory
Ê Closed Loop to surface – allows reprogramming of assembly from surface while drilling.
Changes in trajectory, changes in data type transmitted etc.
• Superior Hole Quality – More accurate LWD measurements
• Complex designer well paths, flat turns maintaining TVD.
• No need to follow geometric well plans, allows true real-time 3D Reservoir Navigation.
Azimuthal Gamma Ray –
Reservoir Navigation Applications

Apparent Dip along hole calculated on a single pass dual GR sensors

Bed boundary above or below ?
oriented highside / lowside.
NaviGator & AutoTrak to G2.5
Estimation of True Dip with a second pass oriented left / right.
Oriented sliding mode only.
Navigator & AutoTrak to G 2.5. Oriented sliding mode only

Dip ? Shale

Reservoir sand
Shale

Dip ?
Shale
Reservoir sand
Shale

Rotating sectored Azimuthal Gamma Ray Density Image

Imaging with AutoTrak G3 / OnTrak allows
all the above plus True Dip estimation.
Note comparison with density image at a Gammas Ray Image
bed boundary of different lithologies with
similar densities.
Gammas Ray Image
The MPR advantage…….
Reservoir Navigation Applications

• OnTrak Multiple Propagation Resistivity

Ê Unique ferrite antenna design allows antennas to be integral to sub wall. Solid state digital
electronics allow measurement accuracy and range not previously possible. ( equivalent to
best wireline tools )
Ê operates at standard 2 Mhz frequency. ( excellent vertical resolution )
Ê the deep reading 400 kHz frequency. ( deepest depth of investigation ) – be aware of specialist
tools such as DeepTrak operating at lower frequencies ( 20kHz & 50kHz )
Ê operates in all mud types.
Ê Eight compensated depths of investigation - Sensor distance to bit
becomes less important as DOI increases
• Integral near bit sensors
Ê allow us to truly ‘Navigate the Reservoir’
Ê ……in 3D Dimensions
The MPR advantage…….
Reservoir Navigation Applications

Standard 2MHz propagation tool behind conventional Shallow reading resistivity at bit (RAB). Geo confirmation
assembly. Confirmation of reservoir exit only only. Confirms exit from desired zone

However, best combination is shallow + deep reading

MPR behind motor – as depth of investigation measurements as close to the bit as possible. Allows
increases, distance behind bit becomes less important early bed boundary detection for landing in desired
zone and then predicting and avoiding reservoir exit
Near bit Deep reading 400 kHz AT allows true
NaviGation within the reservoir
AutoTrak®
Bed Boundary avoidance

Confirmation of Bed Boundaries with 2MHz and 400 kHz Resistivities

250 ft**
50 ohm-m reservoir
126 ft**
13 ft*
4 ft*
Oil/Water Contact 1.0 ft*

1.0 ohm-m water zone 108 ft

Model assumes: borehole inclination of 87º and steerable system build rate of 4º /100 ft
∗ Bed boundary detection distance
** Distance along wellpath from sensor to bed boundary

400 kHz MPR Resistivity Wellpath

2 MHz MPR Resistivity Wellpath
Wellpath assumes resistivity at the bit with ROI of 1 ft
MPR – Reservoir Navigation Applications
Bed Boundary Detection ( 5 ohmm shale example )
• As resistivity ratio increases, distance of bed boundary detection increases.
• Bed boundary detection is greater when in a resistive bed “looking at” a conductive bed.
Bed Boundary Detection with 5 Ohmm shoulder bed

30.0

Bed Boundary Detection Distance ( TVD ) 5 ohmm shale

24.3
25.0
Lateral Distance From Bed Boundary (ft TVD)

20.0

16.8

entry
15.0
exit

11.3
9.8
10.0
8.1

6.0 5.6
5.0 5.2 5.4
4.8
5.0 4.4
2.9
2.4

0.0
10 20 30 40 50 100 200
Reservoir Resistivity (Ohmm )
Reservoir NaviGation / Visualisation Services

• Predictive response modelling, real-time interpretation and the new 2D

interactive RNS software
Reservoir NaviGation Service Objectives
• Landing the well in the target zone
• Staying within the optimum stratigraphic position
• Real-time interpretation of LWD response
• Comparison of modelled and actual tool responses
• Realtime remodelling of response data to describe realtime responses
 MPR – Reservoir Navigation Applications
Unique responses in high angle wells

Horizontal Log Interpretation – Interactivity example

Modelled data is dynamically interactive with geo cross section
 MPR – Reservoir Navigation Applications
Unique responses in high angle wells

Horizontal Log Interpretation – Interactivity example

Real-time curve matching of model with transmitted data allows
quick response interpretation
New 2D Reservoir Navigation Software –
Functionality & requirements to Geosteer effectively

• Modelled MPR response data is

interactively connected to 2D Geological
Cross Section
• Changes to the Geological Cross
Section result in an instant update of
the Predictive MPR Response model,
characterising response change.
• Interactive input for changes in
formation dip, dip azimuth & faults.
• Fully configurable 2d Geological
Section ( Colours, Lithologies etc )
• Fully configurable multiple display
tracks - Modelled data, Real-time data,
depth vertically or horizontally, fit to
screen
Reservoir NaviGation / Visualisation Services

• Integration of Dynamic Graphics earthVision with BHI systems

Reservoir Navigation Services -
Integration of DGI’s earthVision with BHI Systems

EarthVision 3-D Applications

• EarthVision 3-D models can be used to increase the success rates of many
different types of applications.
Ê Well planning in the 3D environment
Ê Enhance Reservoir Navigation abilities to remain in the reservoir
Ê Reviving mature fields, like salt domes projects
Ê Enhance understanding of complex faulted reservoirs
Ê Optimizing the planning and delivering stacked pay zones
Ê Collision avoidance with other well bores, faults, and unproductive intervals
Ê Managing risks involved in drilling into multiple fault blocks and zones
RNS - Examples

“Steering to Success”
 Reservoir Navigation Service
Applications
• Early identification of any depth discrepancies of formation tops from
prognosis to re-evaluate landing point in the build up section.

• Accurate landing and placement of the wellpath

• Follow bed boundaries and structure by interpretation of apparent formation

dips from real-time FE data.

• Identification of structural changes such as faulting and dip change

• Maintain the well path in optimum reservoir zone by careful placement from
FE data interpretation alongside pre-well model.

• Prevent reservoir exit by predictive modeling and real-time data correlation.

• Early identification and avoidance of OWC

 Reservoir Navigation Service
Highlights for Devon Energy China, Ltd

• Successfully completed 15 horizontal wells from 2 platforms ahead of

schedule
• Build up section and landings monitored remotely from Devon office using
Riglink capabilities
• All wells landed on target, avg. 0.5m below the upper target boundary
• 9,888m hole drilled and completed within reservoir sands
• 99.8% of horizontal section drilled within optimum producible reservoir zone
• 15 horizontal sections geosteered and completed in 18 MWD runs
• Total oil production much higher than project estimates
• All RNS awarded to BHI for 2005 campaign on strength of results
 Reservoir Navigation Service
Highlights for JHN Oil Operating Co. (5th Campaign)

• Generated 3D & 2D Pre-well geologic and property models of the field,

updated from real-time MWD data once drilling commenced

• Improved the well placement at the planning stage from the 3D geologic
model

• All wells landed on target, and geosteered the horizontal sections within the
target sub layer as specified by the client

• Recovered 1941m producible section within reservoir sand

• Overall platform production increased by 30%

• Currently using BHI RNS for their 6th Campaign, incorporating new
technologies.
 Reservoir Navigation Service
Highlights for CNOOC

• First multilaterals drilled in North China

• Successfully navigated 4 open hole sidetracks from a single main bore and all
objectives were met

• All 4 laterals and main bore were completed in a single MWD and bit run

• All wells landed on target, and the horizontal sections geosteered within the
tolerances specified by the client

• Initial production was more than double that planned

• Completion string landed without problem

• BHI awarded 2nd & 3rd multilaterals, also both successfully completed in 1
run with a 7 fold increase in initial production rate compared to offset well
Personnel

RNS Expertise in China

YEARS OILFIELD
RNS ENGINEER EXPERIENCE
QUALIFICATION CLIENT RNS SERVICES IN CHINA

Total RNS

MSc Petroleum
Walid Aoun 9 6 Geology
Apache, Kerr McGee

BSc Geology,
Richard Tilsley-Baker 28 8 Physics
Apache, Kerr McGee

MSc Geology,
Ludovic Soden 15 4 Geophysics
Devon Energy, CNOOC Bohai, Phillips, CACT, JHN

Martin Venier 24 8 BSc Geology Devon Energy, Kerr McGee, Phillips, CACT

MSc Petroleum
Meredith Worden 24 7 Geology
Kerr McGee