Women and girls in conflict-affected and conflict-vulnerable communities become more susceptible to various forms of sexual and gender-based

violence, such as sexual

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harassment, rape, trafficking in person, prostitution, and domestic violence. Those living in crowded evacuation centers have limited privacy and are, thus, more exposed
to gender-based violence. Internal displacement and the lack of sustained means of livelihood further increase the risk of women and children to exploitation, abuse, and

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1 PCW and UN Women Gender Mapping of Peace and Security Frontliners during the COVID-19 Pandemic. June 2021.

Philippine Standard Time:

Tuesday, January 02, 2024, 8:30:46 PM

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Women in conflict-affected areas experience increased burdens regarding their reproductive and productive roles. In situations of armed conflict, the task of care-giving Citizen's Charter (https://pcw.gov.ph/citizens-charter/)
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vulnerability of family members, particularly children, and older persons, to illnesses.
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In recent years, there has been an increase in the participation of women in governance and peace processes at the national level. Women participate and lead the GAD Webinar (https://pcw.gov.ph/gad-webinar/)
implementation of closure agreements and peace negotiations as panel members or as part of the panel secretariat. The Philippines is the first country to have had a Gender and Development Local Learning Hub (https://pcw.gov.ph/gender-and-development-local-learning-hub/)
female chief negotiator who signed a final peace accord when the government entered into a peace agreement with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. Nonetheless, Great Women Project 2 (https://pcw.gov.ph/great-women-project/)
tremendous efforts should be exerted to empower women on the ground to look after themselves and their communities and participate in local conflict resolution,
National GAD Resource Program (https://pcw.gov.ph/the-national-gender-and-resource-program/)
peacebuilding, and post-conflict rehabilitation mechanisms (e.g., the Lupong Tagapamayapa). The participation and involvement of women, particularly those on the
National GAD Resource Pool Batch 9 (https://pcw.gov.ph/call-for-applications-philippine-commission-on-women-national-gad-resource-pool-batch-9/)
ground, are essential. Because of their differentiated experience of conflict and its impact, women offer different perspectives on political, economic, and socio-cultural
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issues, strategies on promoting and protecting human rights and welfare, and solutions to end conflict and attain lasting peace.
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In 2010, the Philippine government crafted its first National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security (https://gnwp.org/wp- Transparency (https://pcw.gov.ph/transparency/)
content/uploads/Philippines_20172022NAP.pdf)(NAPWPS) in cooperation with civil society. This Action Plan was updated to harmonize with the Magna Carta of Women
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content/uploads/Philippines_20172022NAP.pdf) is a step forward from its predecessor. It adopted a framework that recognizes women’s contributions to conflict
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transformation and addresses their intersecting vulnerabilities in armed conflict.

The third generation of the country’s NAP includes the context of non-international armed conflict as stipulated in the CEDAW General Recommendation 30
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gender equality and empowerment of women and girls in conflict situations, such as the Philippine Development Plan (https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/philippine-development- Magna Carta of Women (https://pcw.gov.ph/magna-carta-of-women/)
plan-2017-2022/) Chapters 17: Just and Lasting Peace and Chapter 18: Ensuring Security, Public Order, and Safety. It is the basis for issuing the Joint Memorandum Circular Gender Statistics (https://pcw.gov.ph/gender-and-statistics/)
2014-01 (https://pcw.gov.ph/joint-memorandum-circular-no-2014-01/) on the “Integration of Women, Peace, and Security Programs, Activities, and Projects in the Annual Covid-19 resources (https://pcw.gov.ph/covid-19-resources/)
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Due to their complex and historical roots, the persistence of long-standing armed conflicts has been a significant development challenge limiting women and men. Recent
studies show that women suffer differently during and after an armed conflict, given their roles and the conventional cultural expectations. A woman’s burden in times of International Commitments
conflict is not just her own, but as caregivers of their family and community. Furthermore, situations in conflict-affected and vulnerable areas also show that women are Association of Southeast Asian Nations (https://pcw.gov.ph/asean/)
systematically exposed to different forms of gender-based violence such as rape, sexual harassment, physical abuse, and others. Women’s access to justice and protection Asia Pacific Economic Participation (https://pcw.gov.ph/asia-pacific-economic-participation/)
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is limited as it is not usually prioritized.
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Women’s low representation and participation in decision-making, including Track 1 (formal peace process), Track 2 & 3 (informal and grassroots), and officials and
personnel in the police and military service, among others Peace and Security Sector (https://pcw.gov.ph/peace-and-security-sector/)

Women’s participation and involvement in decision-making are essential to address the various gender issues affecting women in conflict. The UN Security Council
Resolution 1325 (https://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/wps/#resolution) also reaffirmed the vital role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and
peacebuilding. It stressed the importance of their equal participation and full involvement in all efforts to maintain and promote peace and security and the need to
increase their role in decision-making. However, according to the current data from the agencies under the peace and security sector, it has been evident that the
representation of women in the decision-making tables is deficient. Although women’s presence in the security sector has increased in the last two decades, women
Violence Against Women (https://pcw.gov.ph/violence-against-women/)
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continue to be under-represented and often invisible in the sector.

Women's Economic Empowerment

Lack of gender-responsive billeting and quartering facilities for male and female uniformed and non-uniformed personnel Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Sector (https://pcw.gov.ph/agriculture-fisheries-and-forestry/)
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Despite the provision in the MCW that women in the military, police, and similar services are provided with decent billet facilities and quartering, separated from the men,
regardless of the location or type of assignment, this gender issue is still very evident and is exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic since the security sector was Women's Agenda
mobilized for the response.1 Compendium of GEWE Indicators (https://pcw.gov.ph/compedium-of-gewe-indicators/)
Gender Equality and Women Empowerment Plan (https://pcw.gov.ph/gewe-plan/)
Women’s Priority Legislative Agenda (https://pcw.gov.ph/womens-priority-legislative-agenda/)

There is inadequate availability of well-fitting personal protective equipment for female personnel, including uniforms, firearms, among others Gender Mainstreaming (https://pcw.gov.ph/gender-mainstreaming/)
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The MCW also states that women in the military, police, and similar services should be provided with well-fitting personal protective equipment and other operational
Gender Mainstreaming Monitoring System (https://pcw.gov.ph/gender-mainstreaming-monitoring-system/)
equipment to ensure their safety while performing their duties. Unfortunately, during the Sectoral Consultation with Peace and Security sector representatives, it has been
raised that there is inadequate availability of well-fitting personal protective equipment for female personnel, including uniforms, firearms, among others.
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Women, girls, and children in conflict-affected and complex emergency communities are highly vulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence, exploitation, and
other forms of discrimination
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