28/10/2019

UK
History
Bladon Chapter 1
O’ Driscoll Chapter 2

Q&A

Prehistory / Pre‐Romans
• (O’D) Religious sites built before arrival of the
Celts:
– Silbury Hill = largest burial mound in Europe

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Prehistory / Pre‐Romans
• (O’D) Religious sites built before arrival of
the Celts:
– Stonehenge
h
• What is it?
– Appears to function as a kind of astronomical clock
– Used by druids for ceremonies to mark passing of
seasons
• Why is it a mystery?
– How it was built; some stones come from 200 hundred
miles away in Wales
– Nat Geo
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=stonehenge&&view=detail&mid=35A10964A0CE5B5
71FCE35A10964A0CE5B571FCE&&FORM=VRDGAR

Roman period
• (B) When did the Romans live in England? (p. 7, 8)
• AD 43 ‐ AD 250 soldiers began to leave; by 411 all had
left
• (B) What kind of changes did Romans make in
England? (p. 7, 8)
• Built towns, cities, roads
• Brought a new language (Latin)
• Made laws
• Christianity came to England in Roman times

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Roman period
• (B) What was life like for people in towns and cities
in Roman times? Why? (p. 7, 8)
• Good
• Towns had clean water and sewers, strong walls (people
felt safe), trade (people came to towns to buy and sell
things) …

• (O’D) How much did they leave behind? (p. 16)

• Very little
• Most of their villas, baths, temples, roads, cities … were
soon destroyed
• Almost only lasting reminders, place names (‐cester, ‐ ‐
chester = castra)

Roman period (43‐410)

• Some Celts experienced Roman rule, some
not.
t Which
Whi h ones??
– Opponents of the Romans:
• Scots (who migrated from Ireland to Scotland)
• Picts
– Experienced Roman rule
• Britons in England and Wales

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Roman period (43‐410)

• (B p. 8 & O’D p. 16) Where is Hadrian’s wall
and
d why
h was it built?
b ilt?
• Across the norther border of Roman province
of Britannia, nearly the same as present
English‐Scottish border
• Romans never took control of Scotland
• Wall built to protect Roman province from
attacks by Scots and Picts

• The eagle
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yx4bnwvGm
KM
• Boudica
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F60vI_wP6zg

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Germanic Invasions (410‐1066)

• (O’ D) 5th C, some Germanic tribes invaded and
settled in large numbers. Name 2
– Angles and Saxons
– https://www.natgeokids.com/au/discover/history/ge
neral‐history/anglo‐saxons/
• (O’ D) Where did they settle?
– South‐east of the country

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• (O’ D) Who halted temporarily their advance?

– An army of (Celtic) Britons under the command of the
legendary King Arthur
• (O’ D) Why is King Arthur an example of the
distortions of popular history?
– In folklore and myth (and film), he is a great English
hero, and he and his Knights of the Round Table are
seen as an example of medieval nobility and chivalry
– In fact, he lived longg before medieval times and was a
Romanized Celt trying to hold back the advances of
the Anglo‐Saxons (= the people who became English)
[however, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur]

• (B) In the famous story about King Arthur, how

did people know that Arthur should be the next
king of England?
– There was a strange white stone with a sword in it.
Gold writing on the stone said, 'The man who can pull
out this sword will be King.' Many men tried to pull
out the sword, but no one could move it. One day
Arthur pulled it out. Then everyone knew he was the
next king (p. 8)
• The
Th Kid Wh
Who Would
W ld BBe King
Ki
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJlxP5P9v9c

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• King Arthur: Legend of the Sword

– https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1972591/videoplay
er/vi458012185?ref_=tt_ov_vi
• Merlin
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFp51h78p2I
• The Sword in The Stone (1963)
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MuUQk‐
XwgA
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzguICOmy8
htt // t b / t h? ICO 8
U
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aSq‐f881HEY

Germanic Invasions (410‐1066)

• (O’D) By the end of the 6th century Celtic
culture and language survived only in
– Present day Scotland, Wales and Cornwall
• (B & O’D) Changes in this period
– Little use for towns and cities
– New farming methods
– Founded thousands of self‐sufficient villages = basis
of English society for next thousand years
– Christianity spread

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Germanic Invasions (410‐1066)

• (B) By AD 600, what were the seven
ki d
kingdoms off England
E l d ini the
th Anglo‐Saxon
A l S
period?
• Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia and Wessex.
The three minor kingdoms were Essex, Kent
and Sussex. (p
(p. 9))

• (B) Was the English town Worcester a Roman

town, an Anglo‐Saxon town or a Viking town?
• Towns with 'chester' or , 'cester' on the end of the
name, e.g. Manchester and Gloucester ,were Roman
towns.
• The Anglo‐Saxon for 'town' was 'burh', so towns like
Scarborough and Peterborough were Anglo‐Saxon.
• Towns with names ending in 'by', e.g. Derby and
Rugby, are Viking towns. (p. 9)

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Germanic Invasions (410‐1066)

• (B & O’D) Second wave of Germanic invasions in
8thC. Who?
– Vikings,
g Norsemen or Danes, from Scandinavia
[https://www.theschoolrun.com/homework‐help/vikings]

• (B & O’D) Their settelement confined mostly to

north and east of the country because conquest
of England was halted by
– King Alfred of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex
• (B) What was the Danelaw?
– Part of England given to the Vikings after battle with
King Alfred. Vikings promised not to invade other
parts of the country

Germanic Invasions (410‐1066)

• When did England become a united kingdom
with a Germanic culture throughout?
– By the end of 10thC
• What made political unification easier?
– Differences between Anglo‐saxons and Danes were
small
• Roughly same way of life and spoke different varieties of
same Germanic
G i tongue
– Danes converted to Christianity

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• How to Train Your Dragon

– https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0892769/videoplay
er/vi1158218777?ref_=tt_ov_vi
• Asterix and the Vikings
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UqjIA_F5GA

The medieval period (1066‐1458)

• (B) What happened when Anglo‐saxon King
Edward died?
– He had no children, so one of his nobles, Harold,
became the king
– Edward’s cousin William (Norman) believed he
should be the King of England
• (O’D)What happened in 1066?
– An
A invading
i di army ffrom N Normandyd (D(Duke
k Willi
William))
defeated the English (King Harold) at the Battle of
Hastings
– Duke William of Normandy crowned king of England
= William the Conqueror

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The medieval period (1066‐1458)

• (O’D) Why was the Norman invasion different from other
invasions?
• Small‐scale; no such thing as a Norman area of settlement
• (B & O’D) Which socio‐economic system was imposed? How?
• Feudal system was imposed
• Norman soldiers were given ownership of land and of people
living there.
• Great nobles or barons were responsible directly to the king
• Lesser lords, responsible to a baron
• Peasants, tied by a system of mutual duties and obligations to
the local lord
• Language and social class
• Lords and barons spoke French.
• Peasants spoke English

The medieval period (1066‐1458)

• Authority of the English monarch extended to other
parts of the islands except for…
 Scotland
• In the 250 years after the Norman conquest,
conquest which
language had become the dominant one in all classes of
society in England?
 English
• When was the word ‘parliament’ first used? What did it
describe?
 13thC, to describe an assembly of nobles called together by the
king. From French ‘parler’ = speak

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The medieval period (1066‐1458)

• The pillars of the earth
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxMyXXWoFk8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v VxMyXXWoFk8

• Robin Hood films

• https://www.imdb.com/list/ls059739616/?sort=release_
date,desc&st_dt=&mode=detail&page=1
• Robin Hood (1973 animation)
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0070608/videoplayer/vi2755111193?
htt // i db /titl /tt0070608/ id l / i2755111193?
ref_=vp_pl_10

• http://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/shor
t t i /
t‐stories/george‐and‐the‐dragon
d th d
• https://slurpystudios.com/animation_films/le
arn‐english‐kids‐british‐myths‐legends/
• https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/ztyr9j6
/articles/z3s9j6f

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