(iv)Reaction with CO:

R – O – R + CO → RCOOR

(v) Electrophilic substitution reactions in ethers, -OR is ortho, para directing group and activate. the
aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution reaction.
1. Anisole reacts with Br2 to give ortho- and para-bromo anisole (major)
2. Anisole reacts with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated Sulphuric acid to give ortho- and para-nitro
anisole (major)
3. Anisole reacts with CH3COCl in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 to give 2-methoxy acetophenone and 4-
methoxy acetophenone (major) [Friedal Craft acylation]
4. Anisole reacts with CH3Cl in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 to give 2-methoxy toluene and 4-methoxy
toluene (major) [Friedal Craft alkylation]

Uses of Ethers
1. Dimethyl ether is used as refrigerant and as a solvent at low temperature.
2. Diethyl Ether is used as an anaesthesia in surgery.

ASSIGNMENTS:
Q1. Benzene diazonium chloride on reaction with phenol in weakly basic medium gives
(a) diphenyl ether
(b) p-hydroxy azobenzene
(c) chlorobenzene
(d) Benzene
Ans. (b)
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Q2. Phenol reacts with bromine in CS2 at low temperature to give
(a) m-bromophenol
(b) o-and p-bromophenol
(c) p-bromophenol
(d) 2,4,6-tribromophenol
Ans. (b)
Q3. Dehydration of alcohol is an example of
(a) addition reaction
(b) elimination reaction
(c) substitution reaction
(d) redox reaction
Ans. (b)
Q4. Which of the following is formed when phenol is exposed to air?
(a) o-Benzoquinone
(b) p-Benzoquinone
(c) Phenoquinone
(d) o-and p-Benzoquinone
Ans. (d)
Q5. The alcohol which does not react with Lucas’s reagent is
(a) isobutyl alcohol
(b) n-butanol
(c) tert-butyl alcohol
(d) sec-butyl alcohol
Ans. (b)
Q6. Give the structures and IUPAC names of the products expected from the following reactions:
(a) Catalytic reduction of butanal.
(b) Hydration of propene in the presence of dilute Sulphuric acid.
(c) Reaction of Propanone with methyl magnesium bromide followed by hydrolysis.
Ans. (a) Butan-1-ol
(b) Propan-2-ol
(c)2-methyl Propan-2-ol
Q7. Arrange the following sets of compounds in order of their increasing boiling points:
(a) Pentan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, methanol.
(b) Pentan-1-ol, n-butane, pentanal, ethoxyethane.
Ans. (a) Methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol.
(b) n-Butane, ethoxyethane, pentanal and pentan-1-ol.
Q8. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acid strength:
Propan-1-ol, 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 3, 5-dinitrophenol, phenol, 4-methylphenol.
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Ans. Propan-1-ol, 4-methylphenol, phenol, 3-nitrophenol, 3,5-dinitrophenol, 2,4, 6-trinitrophenol.
Q9. Give structures of the products you would expect when each of the following alcohol reacts with (a)
HCl –ZnCl2 (b) HBr and (c) SOCl2.
(i) Butan-1-ol
(ii) 2-Methylbutan-2-ol

Ans. (a) HCl –ZnCl2, it is a Lucas reagent.

(i) Turbidity appears upon heating (ii) white turbidity formed
(b) With HBr to give alkyl halides.
(c) Both alcohols react to give alkyl chlorides.
Q10. Predict the major product of acid catalyzed dehydration of
(i) 1-methylcyclohexanol
(ii) butan-1-ol

Ans. (i) 1- Methyl cyclohexene (ii) But-2-ene.

Q11. Ortho and para nitrophenols are more acidic than phenol. Draw the resonance structures of the
corresponding phenoxide ions.
Ans. Draw the resonance structures of o- & p- phenoxide ions.
Due to –I and –R effect of –NO2 group, o- & p- phenoxide ions are more stable. Hence, Ortho and para
nitrophenol are more acidic than phenol.
Q12. Write the equations involved in the following reactions:
(i) Reimer - Tiemann reaction
(ii) Kolbe’s reaction

Ans. (i) Reimer - Tiemann reaction – when phenol reacts with chloroform in the presence of aqueous
sodium hydroxide, salicylaldehyde is formed.
(ii) Kolbe’s reaction- when sodium phenoxide is heated with carbon dioxide at about 400K and under
4 to 7 atmospheric pressure, sodium salicylate is formed. On acidification gives salicylic acid.

Q13. The following is not an appropriate reaction for the preparation of t-butyl ethyl ether.
C2H5Na + (CH3)3 – Cl (CH3)3 – OC2H5
(i) What would be the major product of this reaction?

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 (ii) Write a suitable reaction for the preparation of t-butyl ethyl ether.

Ans. (i) The major product of the given reaction is 2-methylprop-1-ene. It is because sodium ethoxide is
a strong nucleophile as well as a strong base. Thus, elimination reaction predominates over substitution.
(ii) (CH3)3 – O- Na+ + CH3CH2Cl (CH3)3 – OC2H5
Q14. Write the mechanism of hydration of Ethene to yield ethanol.
Ans. It is an example of electrophilic addition.
CH2 = CH2 + H+ CH3CH2OH
Q15. Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following ethers by Williamson’s
synthesis:
(i) 1-Propoxypropane
(ii) Ethoxy benzene
(iii) 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv) 1-Methoxyethane

Ans. (i) Sodium propoxide + 1-bromopropane

(ii) Sodium phenoxide + ethyl bromide
(iii)Sodium 2-methyl-2-propoxide + Bromomethane
(iv)Sodium ethoxide + Bromomethane

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