Characteristics of Law

1. Normativity: Laws establish norms and standards that guide

behavior in a society.

2. Authority: Laws are created and enforced by authoritative entities,

such as governments or legal systems.

3. Enforceability:Laws are backed by the power to enforce

compliance, often through legal consequences.

4. Universality:Laws apply universally within a defined jurisdiction,

treating individuals equally.

5. Clarity: Laws should be clear and specific to provide a framework for

understanding and compliance.

6. Consistency: Legal systems strive for consistency to ensure fairness

and predictability.
7. Flexibility:Laws can adapt to changing societal needs through
amendments and interpretations.

8. Publicity: Laws are made public, allowing citizens to be aware of

their rights and obligations.

9. Accessibility: Legal systems aim for accessibility, ensuring citizens

can understand and access the law.

10. Justice: Laws ideally seek to promote justice by resolving disputes

and addressing inequalities.

11. Presumption of Innocence: Legal systems typically presume

individuals innocent until proven guilty.

12. Due Process:Legal proceedings must follow established

procedures to protect individual rights.

13. Legal Sanctions: Laws provide mechanisms for imposing penalties

on those who violate them.
14. Legal Rights: Laws often outline and protect fundamental rights
and freedoms of individuals.

15. Social Engineering:Laws can shape and influence societal

behavior by promoting certain values and norms.