Ut 01

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
FARIDABAD
ASSIGNMENT 2023–24
UNIT - I
CLASS - X
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, FARIDABAD
Class -X
Assignment
2023-2024
Subject : English
Note : Subject to change as per CBSE updates
Section - A
A.1 Read the following passage carefully :
1 It is rare to find someone with good technical and communication skills. You can get far ahead
of your colleagues if you combine the two early in your career. People will judge, evaluate,
promote or block you based on your communication skills. Since habits form by repeating both
good and bad forms of communication, learn to observe great communicators and adopt their
styles and traits — in written and verbal forms. The art of listening and learning from each and
every interaction, is another secret recipe. Develop the subconscious habit of listening to
yourself as you speak and know when to pause.
2 Learning what not to say is probably more important than learning what to-say. As your career
develops, you will realize that the wise speak less. Speak when you have value to add, else
refrain. Poorly constructed emails with grammatical errors are acceptable between friends,
but they should be seriously avoided while communicating formally with your seniors. Avoid
any communication in an emotional state when you might say things you will regret later. One
unnecessary word uttered at the wrong time or place can ruin a relationship, career or even
your life. Such is the power of words. If such a thing happens, you should immediately apologise,
else it may haunt you for life.
3 Another problem to overcome is speaking too fast. Since our minds are working faster than
our speech, we are inclined to speak fast. This does not necessarily mean that the person
hearing it will get it any faster. On the contrary, it is always the reverse. So slow down, and
think before you speak. “When I get ready to speak to people,” Abraham Lincoln said, “I spend
two-thirds of the time thinking what they want to hear and one-third thinking what I want to say.”
Adding humour and wit is also essential. But realize that not all jokes are funny and observe
certain boundaries. Never say anything that could offend. Remember you are not a comedian
who must offend as many people as you can to be witty.
A.1.1 Answer the following questions briefly :
(a) Why is it necessary to have good communication skills ?
(b) How can communication skills be developed ?
(c) What, according to the writer, should be avoided while communicating?
(d) Why should you be careful when you tend to be humorous ?
A.1.2 Choose the most appropriate meanings of the given words from the options provided:
(a) evaluate (para 1)
(i) estimate (ii) assume (iii) punish (iv) evolve
(b) trait (para 1)
(i) treaty (ii) trail (iii) quality (iv) liberty
(c) utter (para 2)
(i) flatter (ii) speak (iii) rot (iv) unique
(d) haunt (para 2)
(i) hunt (ii) chant (iii) trouble (iv) avoid
A.1.3 Complete this analogy:- study: books:: ____________: recipe
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A.2 Read this passage carefully.
1. Man does not live by food alone. Water is vital to human health and fitness. Although it is not a
nutrient per se as are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. It, in fact, is a key
nutrient as no life is possible without it. Whereas we can do for weeks without food, we cannot
live without water longer than a couple of days.
2. Water approximates 60 per cent of the body weight of human adults. The total amount of water
in a man weighing 70 kilograms is approximately a little over 40 litres. It is an excellent solvent-
more substances are soluble in water than in any other liquid known so far. This makes it an
ideal constituent of the body fluids which sustain life supporting chemical reactions. It dissolves
varied products of digestion and transports them to the rest of the body. Likewise, it dissolves
diverse metabolic wastes and helps drain them out of the body. Besides, it performs a variety
of functions-some well known and well understood while others not so well appreciated yet.
The no less important role of water is to distribute/dissipate the body heat efficiently, thereby
regulating body's temperature. Water accomplishes this role ideally because it has high thermal
conductivity ensuring rapid heat transfer from one part to the other.
3. Above all, water has a high-specific heat, implying that it takes a lot of heat to raise the
temperature of water and likewise much heat must be lost to lower its temperature.
4. Drinking a lot of water is an inexpensive way to stay healthy. Even excess of water is
harmless. Water therapy- drinking a litre or so the first thing in the morning is kidney-friendly.
5. The water regulation in the body is affected by hypothalamus in two ways i.e.,
(i) by creating the sensation of thirst which makes us drink water and
(i) by controlling the excretion of water as urine. If water regulation fails, medical
emergency ensues.
A.2.1 Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.
a. Water is vital to human health and fitness because:
i. man does not live by food alone
ii. it is an excellent solvent
iii. we cannot survive for more than a couple of days without it
iv. it controls thirst and excretion of water as urine
b. Water is called a key nutrient because:
i. it dissolves different products of digestion
ii. no life is possible without it
iii. it carries products to the rest of the body
iv. it raises temperature of the body
c. Water is an ideal constituent of the body fluids because:
i. it is an excellent solvent
ii. it dissolves metabolic wastes
iii. it drains wastes out of the body
iv. it regulates excretion of urine
d. Water regulates body temperature efficiently as:
i. it circulates easily
ii. it has high-specific heat
iii. it dissolves food easily
iv. it has high thermal conductivity
e. What does the author means when he uses the word 'regulation'?
i. Official rule
ii. Control
iii. Device for fair use
iv. Worn or used as per rules
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f. Which of the following statements is not true?
i. Water regulates body temperature
ii. Excess water is not harmless
iii. Excess water is not harmful
iv. Water transports nutrients to the body
g. Which activity is considered as water therapy?
ii. Its high thermal conductivity ensuring rapid heat transfer from one part
to another
ii. Drinking a litre of water in the morning
iii. Drinking excess quantity of water
iv. All of the above
h. What is the per cent of water content in a human body?
i. 60%
ii. 40%
iii. 80%
iv. 70%
i. Which sentence conveys the opposite of 'similar'?
i. The crowd dissipated after the show was over.
ii. This is the ideal solution to his problem.
iii. We couldn't accomplish much even after trying many options.
iv. The diverse solutions were all anlysed by the committee.
j. In para 2, the writer says The no less important role of water is….
The same meaning of the underlined phrase is conveyed which of the following:
i. Nevertheless, you can go ahead with the plan.
ii. Less money was saved by him this year.
iii. It is vital that we learn more about the project before investing in it.
iv. The least you say, the better it would be.
k. Which slogan best conveys the message of the passage?
i. Drink Water, Live More
ii. Preserve Water, Preserve Life
iii. Clean water. Healthy living.
iv. Save water, and it will save you.
Section – B (Writing)
B.1 You recently came across an advertisement seeking volunteers for Adult Education Program.
Write a letter to your cousin suggesting that you both should join it. Give reasons to persuade
him / her.
B.2 Write a letter to a friend describing your experience at a yoga camp you recently attended.
Highlight how you were benefitted by it.
B.3 Write a notice for school notice board giving information to the students of class X about a
career counselling workshop. Sign yourself as Amit / Amita of New Horizon School, Panipat.
B.4 As the President of RWA of Anand Vihar, write a notice informing the residents about an
upcoming power cut due to installation of electronic meters.
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Section – C (Grammar)
Integrated Grammar
1. Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks by choosing the most appropriate options
from the ones given below.
A person with a positive attitude (a) that every cloud has a silver lining. He
knows that (b) suffering or problem has some hidden lesson in it. He feels that
suffering is a blessing in disguise. His positive attitude makes (c) life successful.
(a) (i) know (ii) knows (iii) knowing (iv) knew
(b) (i) any (ii) all (iii) every (iv) no
(c) (i) their (ii) there (iii) her (iv) his
2. Complete the passage by choosing the correct option from those given in brackets:
The city police ( a) decided to ( b) dr iver s

(c) att em pt t o over take ( d) the left
(e) city roads. All drivers who (f) this rule will be
punished. The first offence will (g) penalty. The second will incur (h)
of the driving license.
a. (i) had (ii) are (iii) have (iv) is
b. (i) take (ii) taking (iii) took (iv) taken
c. (i) whose (ii) who (iii) which (iv) those
d. (i) in (ii) to (iii) over (iv) from
e. (i) in (ii) over (iii) on (iv) by
f. (i) vitiate (ii) violate (iii) violent (iv) violence
g. (i) inviting (ii) invitation (iii) invite (iv) invited
h. (i) cancelling (ii) cancellation (iii) cancel (iv) cancelled

3. a. Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences. The first one
has been done for you as an example.
e.g. important / it is / to observe rules / traffic
It is important to observe traffic rules.
i. not / children / below / of / the age / must / drive / eighteen years
ii. protection / our / we / must / helmets / own / wear / for
iii. phones / must / used / not / mobile / be / driving / while
iv. traffic police / making / efforts / are / to increase / on the roads / safety
b. Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences.
i. an antidote / and pain / is / to stress / laughter
ii. for toning / a good exercise / up / it is / facial muscles
iii. are stabilised / is improved / body functions / and blood circulation
iv. makes one / of friends / feel good / in making / a lot / laughter / and helps
v. increases / it / longevity
vi. negative laughter / at others / the only / is laughing
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4. a. Read the dialogue given below. Report it by completing the blanks that follow. Do not
copy the whole sentence.
Raj Our school is celebrating its annual day tomorrow.
Sujay Who is your Chief Guest?
Raj Our Chief Guest is the honourable President himself.
Sujay That is quite incredible.
Raj told Sujay (i) . Sujay wanted to (ii) . Raj replied that the
(iii) . Sujay was surprised and commented that it (iv) .
b. Rejula Can I borrow a pen. I have forgotten mine.
Teacher How can you be forgetful? Didn't I remind you yesterday?
Rejula Yes ma'am I am sorry. I will not repeat the mistake.
Teacher Borrow it for today.
Rejula Thank you ma'am
Rejula resquested the teacher (i) since she (ii) . The teacher
chided her for being forgetful and asked her (iii) . When Rejula promised
not to repeat the mistake the teacher permitted her (iv) . Rejula was relieved
and thanked the teacher.
5. a. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the
incorrect word and the correction. The first one done as an example.
Incorrect Correct
Trying to achieving your goals without an achieving achieve
a. action plan is like trying for drive across ................... ...................
b. the country within a map. The wasted ................... ...................
c. time, energy or money will probably ................... ...................
d. make you give in travelling before you ................... ...................
e. go very far. Such goals is not goals at all. ................... ...................
f. They are merely fantasies. Success people ................... ...................
g. find out what it costs to make his dreams ................... ...................
h. come true. They don’t complain when the effort made. ................... ...................
b. Incorrect Correct
While climbed up a mountain climbed climbing
a. a groups of young boys saw ................... ...................
b. an bear walking towards them. ................... ...................
c. One of them suggests that they ................... ...................
d. should climbed up a tree. ................... ...................
e. The boys quick followed his ................... ...................
f. instructions. They felt safe as he ................... ...................
g. watched a bear walk past ................... ...................
h. the tree. They climb down only after the bear ................... ...................
had disappeared in the woods.
6. In the following paragraph one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word
along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it. Underline the word
which you have supplied. The first correction has been done as an example.
Before Missing After
I went to my friend last week 9 am and returned after week at 9 am
a. two hours. Actually, I wanted his scooter a day. But ......... ......... .........
b. I was shocked he politely refused to oblige me. I did not ......... ......... .........
c. speak even a single word on subject and hastened to be ......... ......... .........
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d. back. Whenever I think the matter, I feel ashamed of my ......... ......... .........
e. inability own a scooter when all my friends own a car. ......... ......... .........
f. Perhaps, I mistaken in assessing what true friendship is. ......... ......... .........
g. It a lesson in my life and I was supposed ......... ......... .........
h. not forget it if I wanted success. ......... ......... .........
Section – D (Literature)
Two Gentlemen of Verona
Read the extracts and answer the questions that follow.
a. “Don’t buy” warned Luigi, our cautious driver.
You will...............
i. What was being sold and by whom?
ii. Why did the driver dissuade the narrator from buying anything?
iii. How did the narrator react to his cautious driver’s warning?
b. She paused, took a quick breath.
"Did they give up? I do not have to answer that question. They brought her here,
persuaded us to take her into the hospital. In the twelve months she has been our
patient she has made good progress. There is every hope that one day she will walk
- and sing-again."
i. Who is the speaker here?
ii. Why were things difficult then?
iii. Why didn't the speaker ask the boys what they did?
Answer the following in 30-40 words each.
a. “We do many things, sir,” Nicola answered seriously. Explain this statement in
reference to the boys' dreams.
b. Why were the narrator and his companion impressed by the two boys?
c. What did the narrator see through the glass partition? Why did he not go in?
d. ‘For my part I did not say a word. I knew they would prefer to feel that they had safely
kept their secret?’
Why did the author not say a word? What was the secret?
e. How did the war impact the lives of the boys? Support your answer with an example
from the text.
Long Questions
What according to you are the essential values that go into the making of a true gentleman?
OR
Justify the title of the story.
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Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger
a. The compelling motive for her sudden deviation towards the footsteps of Nimrod was
the fact that Loona Bimberton had recently been carried eleven miles in an aeroplane
by an Algerian aviator and talked of nothing else.
i. What motive is being talked about here?
ii. Who was Nimrod?
iii. What was 'her' reaction to Loona Bimberton's recent adventure?
b. "How amused every one would be if they knew what really happened," said Louisa
Mebbin a few days after the ball.
"What do you mean?" asked Mrs. Packletide quickly.
i. Why would everyone be amused?
ii. Why did Miss Mebbin say this after the ball?
iii. What happened to Miss Mebbin after this?
a. Why did Mrs. Packletide want to kill a tiger? What light does it throw on her character?
b. How was the tiger shooting arranged? What kind of a tiger was chosen for the
purpose?
c. Why did Miss Mebbin plant so many tiger lilies in her garden? What does the author
convey through this?
d. "The incidental expenses are so heavy,” she confides to inquiring friends. Who is the
speaker? What is she referring to here?
e. Describe Louisa Mebbin's 'elder-sister attitude' towards money. Which figure of speech
has been used here?
Long Questions
Loona Bimberton and Mrs. Packletide are the perfect examples of human folly and greed.
‘One’s greed can lead to one’s doom'. Explain the statement.
OR
Describe the reaction of the villagers to the killing of the tiger. What does it show?
The Dear Departed
Read the extract and answer the questions that follow.
a. “After all I’ve done for him, having to put up with him in the house these three years.
It’s nothing short of swindling.”
“I had to put up with him for five years.”
i. What does ’swindling’ mean?
ii. What was nothing short of swindling in Amelia’s opinion?
iii. What does this statement speak about Amelia’s character?
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b. Look at the many cases of persons being restored to life hours after they were thought
to be 'gone'.
i. Who is the speaker? In what context is he/she saying this?
ii. What does 'gone' mean here?
iii. Who is thought to be 'gone'? Why?
a. Why was Mrs. Slater a little nervous about the Jordans’ arrival? What does it tell us
about the Jordans?
b. How did grandfather shock and surprise his family even after he woke up?
c. What were the three things that the grandfather was going to do on next Monday?
d. What is the fatal mistake mentioned in the play? Who was it 'fatal' for?
Long Questions
How does the author bring out the modern world’s insensitivity to the old and dying?
OR
Grandfather is not entirely right in moving away from his daughters. Do you agree? Elaborate.
Mirror
a. I am silver and exact. Ia have no preconceptions.
Whatever I see I swallow immediately
Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike
i. Who is 'I' here?
ii. How is 'I' exact?
iii. How does it 'swallow' whatever it sees?
b. I see her back, and reflect it faithfully.
She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.
I am important to her. She comes and goes.
i. What does the mirror do to the woman?
ii. How does she react to her reflection in the mirror?
iii. How is the mirror important to her?
a. What does the woman bend over? Why?
b. What is reflected in the mirror most of the time? Describe it.
c. What does 'terrible fish' imply? Which poetic device is used here?
Long Question
As the Mirror, write the spech for humans to understand the importance of inner beauty.
OR
What opinion do you forn about the woman based on the poem? Do you think the poet is
highlighting an important issue here? If yes, explain it in your own words.
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Class - X
Assignment
2023-24
Unit I, Semester - 1
Subject: Maths
Ch1 : Real numbers
Section - A
1. Two representations of real numbers are shown below:
Which one is correct?

a. Representation 1 b. Representation 2
c. Either of Representation 1& 2 d. None of these
2. The prime factorisation of a prime number is the number itself.How many factors does the square
of a prime number have?
a. 1 b. 2
c. 3 d. 4
3. Let P be a prime number and K be a positive integer
If p divides k2, then which of the following is definitely divisible by P
a. only k b. only k and 7k

3
c. only k, 7k and k d. all of the above
4. What is the HCF of the smallest two digit composite number and the smallest composite number
is:
a. 2 b. 20
c. 40 d. 1
5. Mercury, Venus, and Earth revolve around the Sun approximately once every 3 months, 7 months,
and 12 months, respectively. If the planets begin lined up, what is the minimum number of months
required for them to be aligned again? (Assume that the planets lie roughly in the same plane.)
a. 4 years b. 6 years
c. 7 years d. 8 years
6. n is a natural number such that n>1. Which of these can definitely be expressed as a product of
primes? (i) n (ii) n (iii) n/2
a. only (ii) b. only (i) & (ii)
c. all (i), (ii) & (iii) d. Cannot be determined without knowing n
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7. If p1 and p2 are odd prime numbers such that p 1 > p2 , then p12 - p 2 2 is
a. an even number b. an odd number
c. an odd prime number d. a prime number
8. If 3 is the least prime factor of m and 5 is the least prime factor of n,then the least prime factor of
(m+n) is
a. 11 b. 2
c. 3 d. 5
9. Assertion (A): 2 is a prime number.
Reason (R): The square of an irrational number is always a prime number.
a. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
b. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
10. Asertion (A): HCF of 26 & 91 is 13
Reason (R): The prime factorisation of 26 = 2×13 and 91 = 7×13
assertion (A).
assertion (A).
Section-B
11. If a and b are relatively prime numbers then what is their LCM? (Ans: = ab)
12. M and N are positive integers such that M is equal to p 2 q3r and N is equal to p3 q2where p, q and
r are prime numbers. Find LCM (M, N) and HCF (M, N)
13. State ‘Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic’.
14. Explain why 7×6×5×4×3×2×1+5 is a composite number.
15. Find HCF of the numbers given below: k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, where k is any positive integer.
(Ans: = k)
16. Justify that 15n cannot end with the digit 0 or 5 for any natural number n.
17. Using fundamental theorem of arithmetic, Find the LCM and HCF of following:
(i) 570 and 1425
(ii) 448, 1008 and 168 (Ans: i. 2850,285 ii. 4032, 56)
18. How many times is their HCF of 48, 36, 72 and 24 is contained in their LCM? (Ans: 12)
19. Think of the smallest prime number and the smallest composite number. What is the product of
their HCF and LCM
(Ans: 8)
2 45  3 20
20. Check whether on simplification gives a rational or an irrational number.
2 5
(Ans: 6, Rational No.)
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Section-C
21. State whether ( 6  9 ) is rational or not. Justify your answer
22. A number N is exactly divisible by 12, 18 & 24. Also N is largest 5 digit number. Find N
(Ans: =99936)
23. Prove that 11 is irrational.

24. The HCF of two numbers is 145 and their LCM is 2175. If one number is 725 , find the other.
25. Prove that 2 3  5 is irrational.
26. Find the largest positive integer that will divide 1251, 9377 and 15628 leaving the remainders 1,2
and 3 respectively.
Section-D
27. Can two numbers have 18 as their HCF and 380 as their LCM? Give reasons.
28. Prove that p  q is irrational,where p,q are primes.
29. A rectangular hall is 18m 72cm long and 13m 20cm broad. It is to be paved with square tiles of the
same size. Find the least possible number of such tiles. (Ans: 4290 tiles)
30. A circular field has a circumference of 360km. Two cyclists Sumeet and Johan start together and
can cycle at speeds of 12 km/hr and 15 km/hr, respectively, round the circular field. After how
many hours will they meet again at the starting point? (Ans: 120)
31. In a delegation of students there are 60 Indians, 84 Chinese and 108 British. They all want to stay
in the same hotel, ensuring that the number of students staying in each room is same and also of
same country. Find the minimum number of rooms required for stay of these students.
(Ans: 21)
Section - E
32 To enhance the reading skills of grade X students, the school nominates you and two of your
friends to set up a class library. There are two sections- section A and section B of grade X. There
are 32 students in section A and 36 students in section B.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
i. Express 36 as a product of its primes.

ii. If the product of two positive integers is equal to the product of their HCF and LCM is true
then, find the HCF (32 , 36).
iii. What is the minimum number of books you will acquire for the class library, so that they can
be distributed equally among students of Section A or Section B?
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Ch 2 : Polynomials
Section - A
1. Two polynomials are shown in the graph below. Find the number of zeros that are common to both
the polynomials.
a. 0 b. 1
c. 2 d. 3
2. A linear polynomial is haveing degree ____________.
a. 3 b. 1
c. 0 d. 2
–2
3. If the product of zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 3x 2+5x+k is , then value of k is
3
a. –3 b. –2
c. 2 d. 3
–3
4. Find the polynomial if the sum and product of zeros are 2, is
2
3 x2 3
a. k (x 2 – x – ) b. k( – 2x – )
2 2 2
c. k( 2 x 2 – 2 2 x – 3 ) d. k( 3 x 2 – 2 x – 3 )
5. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x 2 +3x+k is 2, then the value of k is
a. 10 b. -10
c. -7 d. -2
6. The graph of a throw of a ball y= f(x) is as shown below:
12
The number of zeroes of f(x) is
a. 0 b. 1
c. 2 d. 3
7. The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x 2 +kx+k, where k  0,
a. cannot both be positive b. cannot both be negative
c. are always unequal d. are always equal
2
8. Zeroes of the polynomial x - 2x are :
a. 0, 0 b. 0,2
c. 0, -2 d. 2, -2
9. Assertion (A): If the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2–2kx+8 is 2, then the value of
k is 1.
–b
Reason (R) : Sum of zeroes of a quadratic polynomial ax 2+bx+c is .
a
assertion (A).
assertion (A).
10. Assertion (A) : x2 + 3 has only one real zero.
Reason (R) : A polynomial of n th degree must have n real zeroes.
assertion (A).
assertion (A).
Section-B
m n – 145
11. If m and n are the zeroes of the polynomial 3x 2+11x-4,find the value of  . (Ans:- )
n m 12
 1
12. The product of zeroes of the polynomial kx 2+9x+20 is 6. Find the value of k. Ans:  3 
3
13. A quadratic polynomial f(x) is such that its, zeroes are 5–3 2 , and 5+3 2 . Find f(x) (Ans: x2–9)
1
14. Find the value of k if  and are the zeroes of 4x2 - 2x + (k-4), . (Ans: 8)

15. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial p(x) =x 2+4kx-25 is negative of the other, find the value of k.
( Ans: k=0)
16. Find the value of k such that the polynomial x 2 -(k+6)x+2(2k-1) has sum of its zeroes equal to half
of their product. (Ans: k=7)
17. If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x 2+x-2, find the value of 1/  - 1/  .
18. How many zero (es) does the polynomial 2.93 x 2–293x have? Justify your answer. (Ans: 2)
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19. p(x) = 2x2-6x-3. The two zeroes of p(x) are of the form
3 k
, where k is a real number
2
Use the relationship between the zeroes and coefficients of a polynomial to find the value of k
20. If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p(x)=x 2–ax+b, find the value of α 2+ β 2.
(Ans: a2–2b)
Section-C
21. If one zero of the polynomial 3x 2-8x+2k+1 is seven times the other,find the value of k.
(Ans:k=2/3)
22. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are reciprocals of the zeroes of the polynomial
f(x) = ax2+bx+c,a  0, c  0.
21
23. p(x)=2x2+5x+k is a quadratic polynomial satisfying  2+  2 +   = , then what is the value of k.
4
(Ans: 2)
24. Find the zeroes of the given polynomial and verify the relation between the zeroes and its
coefficients.
3 x 2  10 x  7 3
25. If ( x-2) is a factor of x 3+ax2+bx+16 and b =4a, find the values of a and b. (Ans: a=-2,b=-8)
26. If  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = x 2-5x+k such that  -  =1, find the value of k.
Section -D
27. If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x)= x 2-x-2, find a quadratic polynomial
whose zeroes are 2  +1 and 2  +1.
28. If  and  are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial, such that  +  =24 and  –  =8. Find a quadratic
polynomial having  and  as its zeroes. Ans: k(x2–24x+128)
 2 2
29. If  and  are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x)=4x –5x–1, then evaluate 2  2 .
2
 
30. If  and  are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x)=3x2–4x+1, then find a quadratic polynomial
whose zeros are roots are  2 / ß and ß2 /  . (Ans: 9x2-28x+3)
31. If the squared difference of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x)=x 2 +px+45 is equal to 144,
find the value of p. ( Ans:p=  18)
14
Section -E
32. Box : For the box to satisfy certain requirements, its length must be three unit greater than the
width, and its height must be two unit less than the width.
a. If width is taken as x , find the polynomial that represents volume of box.

b. Find the polynomial that represent the area of paper sheet used to make box.
c. If box is made of a paper sheet which costs Rs 100 per square unit, what is the cost of paper?
Ch 3 : Pair of Linear Equations in two Variables
Section - A
1. Harsh correctly solved pair of linear equations in two variables and found their only point of
intersection as (3, - 2). One of the lines was (x - y)= 5
Which of the following could have been the other line?
i. 3x - 3y = 15
ii. 2x - 3y = 12
iii. 2x - 3y = 14
a. only 1 b. only 2
c. only 1 and 2 d. only 2 and 3
2. Below is a graph with four straight lines. It is given that lines k 1, k2 and k3 intersect at exactly one
point and line k3 is parallel to k4
Which of the following is the equation of the line k3?
a. x+y-1=0 b. x + 4y + 5 = 0
c. x - 4y - 11 = 0 d. 2 x + 8y + 35 = 0
15
3. Two linear equations in variables x and y are given below:
Which of the following places of information is independently sufficient to determine if a solution

exists or not for this pair of linear equations
a1 a 2 a1 b1
I.  1 II. 
b1 b 2 a 2 b2
a1 a1 a1 b1
III.  1 IV. 
a 2 b1 a 2 b2
a. IV b. I and IV
c. II and IV d. I and III
4. The ratio of a two digit number and the sum of its digits is 7:1. How many such two digit numbers
are possible?
a. 1 b. 4
c. 9 d. infinitely many
5. The value of k for which the system of equations 2x+ky =12, x+3y-4=0 are inconsistent is
21 1
a. ` b.
4 6
4
c. 6 d.
21
6. The area of the triangle formed by the lines x= 3, y=4 and x=y is
1
a. sq unit b. 1 sq unit
2
c. 2 sq unit d. None of these
7. Aruna has only Re 1 and Rs 2 coins with her. If the total number of coins that she has is 50 and the
amount of money with her is Rs 75, then the number of Re 1 and Rs 2 coins are respectively
a. 35 and 15 b. 35 and 20
c. 15 and 35 d. 25 and 25
8. Shown below is a pair of linear equations.
mx + 4y - 6 = 0
ny - 12x + 12 = 0
For which of the following values of m and n do the above equations have infinitely
many solutions?
a. m = -1 and n = 2 b. m = -1 and n = 3
c. m = 6 and n = -8 d. m = 6 and n = -2
9. Assertion : The pair of equations x+2y+5=0 and –3x–6y+1=0 have unique solution
a 1 b1 c 1
Reason : An equations a = b = c , Hence the given pair of equations have no solution.
2 2 2
assertion (A).
assertion (A).
16
15
10. Assertion : If the lines given by 3x+2ky = 0, 22x+5y+1=0 are parallel, then the value of k is .
4
a 1 b1 c1
Reason : For parallel lines a = b  c
2 2 2
assertion (A).
assertion (A).
Section -B
11. Obtain the condition for the following system of equations to have a unique solution:
ax+by=c; lx+my=n ( Ans: am  bl)
12. Find the number of solutions of the equations
x+2y-8=0, 2x+4y=16 Ans: (infinitely many)
13. If 2x+y = 2x-y= 8 , then find the values of x and y. ( Ans:x= 3/2, y= 0)
14. Find the value of k for which the system of equations has infinitely many solutions:
kx + 3y= 2k+1; 2(k+1)x+9y=7k+1 (Ans: k=2)
x 2y y
15. Solve for x and y:   –1 , x – =3 (Ans: x= 2,y=–3)
2 3 3
16. The line 4x+3y-12=0 cuts the coordinate axes at A and B. Find the area of triangle AOB.
(Ans: 6 sq units)
17. Write the set of values of a and b for which the following system of equations has
2x+3y = 7
2ax+ ( a+b)y = 28. (Ans: a=4, b=8)
18. 5 pens and 6 pencils together cost Rs 9 and 3 pens and 2 pencils cost Rs 5. Find the cost of 1 pen
and 1 pencil.
19. The sum of two numbers is 8. If their sum is four times their difference,find the numbers.( Ans:5,3)
20. Write the number of solutions of the following system of equations:
x+3y-4=0 ; 2x + 6y= 7. ( Ans: 0)
17
SECTION C
21. Shown below is a graph representing straight lines  1 ,  2 and  3 such that
 2 is parallel to  1 and  3 intersects  1 at exactly one point
The equation of  1 is x+ y = k, where k is a real number
Based on the above information, identify if the statement below are true or false
a. 2x + 2 y = 2K can be the equation of  2
b. (- x) + y = k can be the equation of  3

22. The sum of a two digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits is
121, and the two digits differ by 3. Find the number. Ans: (74, 47)
23. Given below are two lines such that  1 is parallel to L2
 1 : 2x + 2y + 2 = 0
 2 : 3x + 3y + 5 = 0
a. using comparison of ratios of coefficients, write the equation of a line  3 , in two variables such
that it intersects  1 at exactly one point
b. find the point of intersection of  2 and  3

24. Shown below is a pair of linear equations
x + 0.999y = 2.999
0.999x + y = 2.998
a. Without finding the values of x and y, prove that x - y = 1
b. Find the values of x and y.
25. Solve the following system of equations graphically :
x+ 3y = 6 ; 2x-3y=12.
Hence find the value of a if 4x+ 3y = a.
26. There are two examination rooms A and B. If 10 candidates are sent from A to B, the number of
students in each room is the same. If 20 candidates are sent from B to A, the number of students
in A is double the number of students in B. Find the number of students in each room.
(Ans.100,80)
SECTION D
27. At the Bengaluru marathon, the 42 km route is designed such that marathoners run in a straight line
for 21 km, and return back along the same path in the opposite direction
A marathoner, running against the wind, covered the first half of the marathon in 2 hours. Then, he
covered the second half, running with the wind, in 1.5 hours. Assume that the marathoner ran at a
18
constant speed and that the wind speed and direction did not change throughout the marathon.
Calculate the speed in km/hrof the marathoner and the wind.
28. A new intra - city transportation startup has employed both taxis and auto rickshaws. The night
fare for a taxi is Rs. 9 for the first half km and Rs15 per km thereafter, while the night fare for an
auto rickshaw is Rs. 20 for the first one km and Rs 13 per km thereafter
a. Express the night fare structure for taxis and auto rickshaws in the form of linear equations.
Use f as the fare(in rupees) and d as the distance travelled (in km)
b. At what distance is the night fare for a taxi and an auto rickshaw equal?
29. A man earns ` 600 per month more than his wife. One tenth of man's salary and one-sixth of wife's
salary amounts to ` 1500, which is saved every month. Find their salaries.
some*
30. Ananya had red, blue and yellow marbles in the ratio 4: 5:3. She gave all her red marbles and same
blue marbles to Neha. The ratio of the number of blue marbles and yellow marbles left with Ananya
was 7: 9. If Ananya gave 20 marbles to Neha, how many of them are red marbles?
31. Draw the graphs of the equations x=3, x=5 and 2x–y–4=0. Also, find the area of the quadrilateral
formed by the lines and the x–axis.
SECTION E
32. MASK : Masks are an additional step to help prevent people from getting and spreading COVID-19.
They provide a barrier that keeps respiratory droplets from spreading. Wear a mask and take every
day preventive actions in public settings.
Due to ongoing Corona virus outbreak, Wellness Medical store has started selling masks of
decent quality. The store is selling two types of masks currently type A and type B .
The cost of type A mask is Rs. 15 and of type B mask is Rs. 20. In the month of April, 2020, the
store sold 100 masks for total sales of Rs. 1650.
19
a. How many masks of each type were sold in the month of April?
b. Due to great demand and short supply, the store has increased the price of each type by Rs.
5 from May 1, 2020. In the month of May, 2020, the store sold 310 masks for total sales of Rs.
6875. How many masks of each type were sold in the month of May?
c. What percent of masks of each type sale was increased in the month of May, compared
with the sale of month April?
Ch 4 : Introduction to Trigonometry
Section - A
1 y
1. If cosy = 0, then what is the value of cos .
2 2
1
a. 0 b.
2
1 1
c. d.
2 2 2
2.. P and Q are acute angles such that P> Q
Which of the following is definitely true?
a. Sin P < Sin Q b. Tan P > Tan Q
c. Cos P > Cos Q d. Cos P > Sin Q
3. In a right-angled triangle PQR,  Q = 90°
Which of these is always 0?
a. Cos P - Sec R b. Tan P - Cot R
c. Sin P - Cosec R d. Cannot be known without knowing value of P
4. The value of 2(sin6  +cos6  )–3(sin4  +cos4  )+1=___
a. 1 b. 2
c. 4 d. 0
5. If sin A=cosA+cos A, what is the value of sin A–4sin A+8sin2A ?
2 3 6 4
a. 3 b. 4
c. 5 d. 0
6. The value of sin2 30° - cos2 30° is
–1 3
a. b.
2 2
3 2
c. d.
2 3
cot  sec 2 
7. Which of the following is equal to the given expression?
cos ec
a. sec  b. cosec 
c. cot 2  d. cot2  cosec 
20
8. If sin A = 1/3, what is the value of cos A?
2 2 5
a. b.
3 3
2 3
c. d.
4 2
9. Assertion : The value of cosec 30°+cot 45° is 3.
Reason : cosec 30°=2, cot 45° = 1
assertion (A).
assertion (A).
10. Assertion : The value of sinA is always less than or equal to 1
Reason : sin A is the product of sin and A.
assertion (A).
assertion (A).
Section -B
11. A unit circle is shown below with center O. A tangent AB is drawn to the circle at point M such that
 MOB = 
If OA is perpendicular to OB, write the expressions that represent the lengths of
a. OB
b. OA
c. AB
21
12. In the figure below, 5sinP = 4. Find all other trgonometric ratios.
13. If x tan 450 cos 600 =sin 600 cot 600, then find the value of x.
14. If x=3sec2  –1, y=tan2  –2, find the value of x–3y (Ans: 8)
15. If sin (A–B)=sin A cos B– cosA sin B and
cos (A–B)=cos A cos B + sin A sin B
6– 2 6 2
then find the value of sin 15° and cos15°. (Ans: , )
4 4
1
16. If Sin A  , find Sin 2A.
2
a a sin θ  b cos θ
17. If tan  = , then find the vlaue of .
b a sin θ  b cos θ
18. Solve for 
cos 2 
=3 (Ans  =60° )
cot 2  – cos 2 
19. A rhombus of side 20 cm has two angles of 60° each. Find the length of each diagonal.
(Ans: 20 3 , 20 cm)
1 1
20. If A and B are acute angles such that tan A= , tan B= and
2 3
tan A  tan B
tan(A+B)= , find A+B (Ans: 45°)
1  tan A tan B
SECTION C
21. If cos θ  sin θ  2 cos θ show that cos θ  sin θ  2 sin θ
If sin θ  sin θ  1 , then prove that cos θ  cos θ  1

2 2 4
22.
23. Prove the following
1 cot 
–  cot 
cos ec  cot  cos 
cos ec 2 x  sin2 x cot 2 x  cot 2 x

24. Prove that 1
sin2 x
1 cos ec 1 sec 2 

25. If  , Pr ove that ( ) 2

sin   cos  2 sin   cos  2
26. If tan  +cot  =2, find tan3  +7cot3  . (Ans: 8)

22
Section D
27. Prove that
2 1 2 1
    Cot 4   tan4 
Cos  Cos  Sin  Sin 
2 4 2 4
28. If x =tan A+sin A

y= tan A–sin A show that x 2-y2=4 xy
p2  1
29. If cos ecθ  cot θ  p , prove that cos  = 2
p 1
1 1
30. If secA= x  , prove that; secA + tanA = 2x or
4x 2x
cos α cos α
31. If  m and  n , show that (m2+n2)cos2 β =n2
cos β sin β
Section E
32. Electricians are responsible for inspecting, testing, repairing, installing, and modifying electrical
components and systems. Electricians general work at homes, businesses, and construction
sites, and generally work as contractors. An electrician has to repair an electric fault on the pole of
height of8 m. He needs to reach a point 2 m below the top of the pole to undertake the repair work.

i. What is the length of BD?
ii. What should be the length of ladder, so that it makes an angle of 60° with the ground?
iii. Find the distance between the foot of ladder and pole.
23
Delhi Public School, Faridabad
Class - X
Assignment
2023-24
Subject : Physics
Topic - Reflection & Refraction of Light
SECTION A
Very short answer type questions:
1. What is a beam?
2. Explain why a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror, gets
reflected along the same path?
3. Can any spherical surface act as a reflector?
4. Under what condition is the image formed by a concave mirror virtual and erect?
5. Specify the size of image formed when m>1.
6. "Vehicles in this mirror are closer than they appear." Why is this warning printed on the rear
view mirrors?
7. What should be the position of the object when concave mirror is used
a. As shaving mirror
b. In torches as a reflecting mirror
8. How do we distinguish a medium to be rarer or denser? Give two reasons.
9. Explain with the help of a diagram why a pencil immersed in water appears to be partly bent at
the water surface.
10. a How can a normal at any point on a curved mirror be made?
b. Why can’t the absolute refractive index of a medium be less than 1?
SECTION B
Short answer type questions:
11. Which mirror is used in solar cookers and why?
12. Differentiate between real and virtual images.
13. Define refraction of light and state the laws of refraction.
14. Give two uses each of concave and convex lens.
15. Find the focal length of a spherical mirror having R as 30 cm.
16. Mention the factors on which lateral displcement depends.
17. Define 1 dioptre of power of lens.
18. The power of lens is -2D, what is its focal length?
19. A lens has focal length of 10cm. What is the power of the lens and what is its nature?
20. a. Complete ray diagrams.
(i) (ii)
b. What is refractive index of a medium? How can it be expressed in terms of angles of
incidence & refraction.
SECTION C
Long answer type questions and Numericals:
21."A convex lens of focal length 'f' can form a magnified erect as well as inverted image." Justify this
statement stating the position of the object with respect to the lens in each case for obtaining
these images.
24
22. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a concave lens of focal length 10 cm are placed in close
contact with each other. Calculate the lens power of this combination.
23. a. "The refractive index of diamond is 2.42." What is the meaning of the statement?
b. Name a liquid who's mass density is less than that of water but it is optically denser than
water.
24. Under what conditions in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, incident ray and reflected ray will
always be parallel to each other, whatever may be the angle of incidence. Show the same with
the help of diagram.
25. Define 'refractive index of a transparent medium'. What is its unit? Which has a higher refractive
index, glass or water?
26. If the focal length of the convex mirror is 20cm, and the image formed is half in size, then find the
image distance and object distance.
27. Find
7 5
a. refractive index of a medium A with respect to medium B, if n A and n B .
6 3
b. refractive index of medium B w.r.t. A.
8
28. If n AB , which medium, A or B, is denser?
9
29. At what distance from a convex lens of focal length 18 cm, should a 6 cm tall object be placed,
to obtain an image at 24 cm from it on the other side. What will be the magnification produced?
30. A concave lens has focal length of 15 cm. At what distance should the object from the lens be
placed so that it forms an image at 10 cm from the lens? Also find magnification of the lens.
SECTION D
Achiever's Section
31. a. The nature, size & position of image of an object produced by a lens or mirror are as shown
below. Identify the mirror (×) used in each case. (size of object is about half of the image)
X
object
X
image object image
b. Which of the three media A, B, or C has maxiumum optical density? Will the light travelling
from A to B bend towards or away from normal?
60 Air 60 Air 60 Air
medium A medium B medium C

50 45 40
32. One half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete image
of the object?
33. A pencil when dipped in water in a glass tumbler oppears to be bent at the intaface of air and
water. Will the pencil appear to be bent to the same extent, if instead of water we use liquids like,
kerosene or turpentine? Support your answer with reason.
25
34. Complete the given table:
S.No. Magnification Lens / mirror nature Size
1. +1
3
2.
2
1
3.
2
1
4. –
2
3
5. –
2
6. –1
Section - E
Assertion & Reason
1. Assertion : For a fixed object, if a plane mirror is moved, the image in the mirror also moves.
Reason : In case of a plane mirror, the image formed in the mirror is always as far behind the
mirror as the object in front of it.
2. Assertion : When an object moves away from a plane mirror with a speed v, its image in the
mirror moves with twice the speed away from the object.
Reason : In case of a plane mirror, the image distance is always equal to the object distance.
3. Assertion : The curved surface of a shining spherical spoon may be considered a spherical
mirror.
Reason : A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface faces towards the centre of the sphere
is called a convex mirror.
4. Assertion : Large concave mirrors are used to concentrate sunlight to produce high temperature
in solar furnaces.
Reason : A concave mirror converges the parallel beam of solar radiations falling on it.
5. Assertion : Convex mirrors are commonly used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles.
Reason : Convex mirrors always give an erect and diminished image so as to have a wider
field of view.
6. Assertion : Concave mirrors are commonly used in search lights and vehicles headlights.
Reason : If a point source of light is placed at the focus of a concave mirror, a parallel beam
of light is obtained.
7. Assertion : ENT doctors use small convex mirrors as head mirrors to concentrate light on the
body parts to be examined.
Reason : A concave mirror concentrates all the parallel rays of light falling on it, on to its focus.
8. Assertion : When a thick glass slab is placed on a book, its letters appear to be raised when
viewed through the slab.
Reason : When the light goes from a denser medium to a comparatively rarer medium, it bends
away from the normal.
9. Assertion : Convex lenses are used as a magnifier in microscopes.
Reason : A convex lens forms a real and magnified image of an object placed between its
optical centre and principal focus.
10. Assertion : Higher the absolute refractive index of an optical medium, lesser is the speed of light
in that medium.
Reason : Absolute refractive index of an optical medium is directly proportional to speed of
light in that medium.
26
Case Study
1 Read the following and answer the questions given below:
Laws of reflection apply to both plane and spherical mirrors. A plane mirror is a highly polished flat
surface on which reflection of light takes place. In comparison, the mirrors that have spherical
reflecting surface are known as spherical mirrors. Due to the reflection of light on the mirrors, these
find various applications in our day-to-day life. Plane mirrors are used as looking glass, in making
kaleidoscope, periscopes and measuring instruments. Spherical mirrors are used in solar furnaces,
torches, street lights, reflectors, microscopes, etc. Following images are some of the common
applications of spherical mirrors.
On the basis of the above case and the related studied concepts, answer the following questions:
(a) Identify the correct pair.
(i) Figure 1: Convex mirror (ii) Figure 4: Plane mirror
(iii) Figure 2: Convex mirror (iv) Figure 1: Plane mirror
(b) Study the table below.
S.No. Thype of mirror Reason of using

I Convex mirror Larger field view
II Concave mirror Smaller field view
III Convex mirror Image produced is diminished and erect
iv Convex mirror Image produced is inverted and enlarged.
Choose the correct option that has the correct information for figure 2 from the following:
i. I and II ii. I and IV
iii. I only iv. III only
(c) Name the type of mirror and image formed in figure 3.
i. Concave mirror, virtual image ii. Concave mirror, real image
iii. Convex mirror, virtual image iv. Convex mirror, real image
(d) The mirror used in figure 3 is also used as shaving mirror. Choose the correct position of the
person's face from the following:
i. Between P and F ii. At F
iii. Between F and C iv. At C
(e) Which mirror will always form a diminished and erect image irrespective of position of object?
i. a concave mirror ii. a convex mirror
iii. a plane mirror iv. both concave and plane mirror
27
Delhi Public School, Faridabad
Class - X
Assignment
2023-24
Subject : Chemistry
Ch 1. : CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATION
Section A
Q.1 Seema took 5 mL of Lead Nitrate solution in a beaker and added approximately 4 mL of
Potassium Iodide solution to it.
What would she observe?
a. The solution turned red
b. Yellow precipitate was formed
c. White precipitate was formed
d. The reaction mixture became hot
Q.2 CasO4 xH2O +yH2O CaSO4zH2O

373K D
X
Which of the following is correct
i. x is 2 ii. y is 1.5
iii. z is 2 iv. x is gypsum
a. ii, iv b. ii and iii
c. iii and iv d. ii, iii and iv
Q.3 In the reaction of iron with copper sulphate solution:
Which option in the given table correctly represents the stubstance oxidised and the
reducing agent?
Substance Oxidized Reducing Agent
a. Fe Fe
b. Fe FeSO 4
c. Cu Fe
d. CuSO 4 Fe
Q.4
28
Which of the following two combinations are correct?
Q.5 Match the items of Column I with the items of the Column II
A.
B.
Most suitable option for Reaction A and B are
Q.6 What will happen if magnesium ribbon not cleaned with sand paper before Burning? Why
rubbing is required?
Q.7 A, B and C are three elements which undergo chemical reactions according to following
equations.
A2O3 + 2B B2O3 + 2A
3CSO4 + 2B B2(SO4)3+3C
3CO + 2A A2O3 + 3C
Answer the following questions:
a. Which element is the most reactive?
b. Which element is the least reactive?
Q.8 A brown substance 'X' on heating in air forms a substance 'Y'. When hydrogen gas is passed
over heated 'Y', it again changes back into 'X'.
a. Name the substances X and Y.
b. Name the chemical processes occurring during both the changes.
c. Write the chemical equations.
29
Q.9 In the schematic diagram for the preparation of hydrogen gas as shown in figure, what would
happen if following changes are made?
a. In place of zinc granules, same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube.
b. Instead of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is taken.
c. Soldium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated.
Q.10 You are given the following materials
a. Marble chips
b. Magnesium ribbon
Identify the type of reaction when marble chips and magnesium ribbon are added separately
to acid taken in two tubes. Write chemical equations in each case.
Section -B
Q.1 Define chemical equation. Write an example.
Q.2 What are various characteristics of chemical reaction burning?
Q.3 i. Iron objects acquire a reddish brown coating when left exposed to moist air. Name the
chemical process responsible for this coating and name the red coating formed.
ii. Why do we apply paint on iron articles?
Q.4 Define the following
a. Thermal Decomposition Reaction
b. Double Displacement reaction
c. Rancidity
Q.5 a. What do you mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions?
b. Name two combination reactions which are exothermic?
Q.6 a. Why oil and fat containing food items are flushed with Nitrogen?
b. Why silver chloride turns grey when kept in sunlight.?
Q.7 In the reactions, name the substance oxidised and reduced.
i. CuO+H 2  Cu+H 2O ii. Mg+O2  MgO
iii. ZnO+C  Zn+CO iv. Fe+CuSO 4  FeSO 4+Cu
v. Zn+HCl  ZnCl 2+H 2 vi. FeO+CO  Fe+CO 2

300atm
vii. MnO2+4HCl  MnCl2+2H2O+Cl2 viii. CO+2H2(g)
300°c
30
Q.8 Complete and balance the equations. Name the type of reactions.

i. CH 4+O 2  ii. Fe+CuSO4 
iii. 
Pb(NO3)2  iv. Mg+HCl 

v. FeSO4  vi. KClO 3 

vii. HNO3 + Ca(OH)2  viii. KClO3 


ix. NaCl+AgNO 3  x. Mg+N2 

xi. BaCl 2+H 2SO 4  xii. Mg+O2 
Q.9 Why is hydrogen peroxide kept in dark coloured bottles? Explain with equation.
Q.10 Name and define the Law which governs to balance a chemical equation.
Q.11 How burning of candle is an example of both physical and chemical change? Explain.
Q.12 Give one example each of
a. Thermal decomposition
b. Electrolytic decomposition
c. Photo decomposition
Section C
Q.1 A clear solution of slaked lime is made by dissolving Ca(OH) 2 in an excess of water. This
solution is left exposed to air. The solution slowly goes milky as a faint white precipitate
forms. Explain why a faint white precipitate forms, support your response with the help of a
chemical equation.
Q.2 Keerti added dilute Hydrochloric acid to four metals and recorded her observations as
shown in the table given below:
Select the correct observations(s) and give chemical equations(s) of the reaction involved.
Q.3 i.
ii.
Identify the types of reaction mentioned above in (i) and (ii) . give one example for each type
in the form of a balanced chemical equation.
31
Q.4 On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to copper oxide powder, the solution formed is blue green.
Predict the new compound formed which imparts a blue green colour to the solution with the
help of chemical equation.
Q.5 It has been found that marble of Taj is getting corroded due to development of industrial
areas around it. Explain this fact giving a chemical equation
Q.6 Write three equations for decomposition reaction where energy is supplied in the form of
heat, light and electricity?
Q.7 A metal act as a good reducing agent. It reduces Fe2O3 and MnO2.The reaction with Fe2O3 is
used for joining broken railway tracks. Identify the metal and write all the chemical reactions
involved in the process.

Q.8 i. 2PbO + C(s)  2Pb(s) +CO 2(g).
a. Name the oxidising agent in the above reaction.
b. Name the reducing agent.
c. Name the substance oxidised and reduced
ii. Differentiate between Oxidation and Reduction
Q.9 i. What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reaction?
ii. What happen when dilute sulphuric acid is poured on zinc granules? Write all your
observation along with the relevant chemical equation.
Section D
Achiever section
Q.1 A student dropped few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid contained in a test tube.
The evolved gas was then passed through lime water. What change would be observed in
lime water? Write balanced chemical equation for both the change observed?
Q.2 Astha has been collecting silver coins and copper coins. One day she observed a black
coating on silver coins and a green coating on copper coins. Which chemical phenomenon
is responsible for these coatings? Write the chemical name of black and green coatings?
Q.3 An aqueous solution of metal nitrate 'P' reacts with sodium bromide solution to form yellow
precipitate 'Q' which is used in photography. 'Q' on exposure to sunlight undergoes
decomposition toform metal present along with a reddish brown gas. Identify 'P' and 'Q' write
the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction. List the two categories in which
reaction can be placed.
Q.4 Transfer the following into chemical equations and balance them.
i. Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to from ammonia.
ii. Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphurdioxide.
iii. Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Q.5 A compound 'X' is used for drinking, has pH =7.Its acidified solution undergoes decomposition
in presence of electrictiy to produce gases 'Y' and 'Z' The volume of Y is double than Z. Y is
highly combustible whereas Z is supporter of combustion. Identify X, Y & Z and write the
chemical reactions involved.
Q.6 Bhawana took a pale green substance A in a test tube. And heated it over the flame of a
burner. A brown colored residue B was formed along with evolution of two gases with burning
smell of sulphur. Identify A & B. Write the chemical reaction involved.
Q.7 A reddish brown vessel developed a green colored solid X When left open in air for a long
time. When reacted with dil sulphuric acid, it forms a blue colored solution along with brisk
efficient due to colourless & odourless gas Z. X decomposes to form black colored oxide Y
of a reddish brown metal along with gas Z, Identify X, Y, & Z.
32
Q.8 In the reaction MnO 2+4HCl MnCl2+2H2O+Cl2
a. Name the substance oxidised.
b. Name the oxidising agent.
c. Name the reducing agent and the substance reduced.
Q.9 Two gases 'y' and 'z' are formed when a substance x (B.P. 100 c) is electrolysed. Identify x,
y and z and write the chemical equation involved.
i. Name the gas evolved at cathode and anode during electrolysis of water.
ii. Why is the amount of gas evolved in one test tube is double the amount in the other?
iii. How to test the presence of two gases?
Q.10 A metal is treated with dil. H2SO4. The gas evolved is collected by the method shown in the
figure. Answer the following:
a. Name the gas.

b. Name the method of collection of the gas.
c. Is the gas soluble or insoluble in water?
d. Is the gas lighter or heavier than air?
e. Is the gas combustible or supporter of combustion?
Q.11 Match column I with column II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below.
Column I Column II
P. Limestone is heated. (i) Electrolysis
Q. Magnesium wire is burnt in air. (ii) Decomposition reaction
R. White ppt. of silver chloride is
formed when silver nitrate is added (iii) Combination reaction
to sodiium chloride solution.
S. Electricity is passed through
(iv) Double displacement
acidulated water.
a. P-(iv), Q-(ii), R-(i), S-(iii) b. P-(ii), Q-(iii), R-(iv), S-(i)
c. P-(ii), Q-(iv), R-(iii), S-(i) d. P-(i), Q-(ii), R-(iv), S-(iii)
33
Section E
ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS
Following questions consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example of
exothermic reactions.
Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is evolved.
2. Assertion (A) : When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction occurs.
Reason (R) : Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the chemical reaction
is taking place.
3. Assertion (A) : Calcium carbonate when heated gives calcium oxide and water.
Reason (R) : On heating calcium carbonate, decomposition reaction takes place.
4. Assertion (A) : Brown fumes are produced when lead nitrate is heated.
Reason (R) : Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced as a by product due to the decomposition
of lead nitrate.
5. Assertion (A): In a balanced chemical equation, total mass of the reactants is equal to
the total mass of the products.
Reason (R): Mass can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical change.
6. Assertion (A) : In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper serves as a reducing agent.
Reason (R) : The substance which gains oxygen in a chemical reaction acts as a
reducing agent.
7 Assertion (A) : In electrolysis of water, the volume of hydrogen liberated is twice the
volume of oxygen formed.
Reason (R) : Water (H,0) has hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2 by volume
8. Assertion (A): Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas
and it is a displacement reaction.
Reason (R): Zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide
9. Assertion (A) : The balancing of chemical equations is based on law of conservation of
mass.
Reason (R) : Total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.
10 Assertion (A): Pungent smelling gas is produced when sulphur burns in air.
Reason (R) : Sulphur trioxide is formed on reaction of sulphur with oxygen.
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
1. Corrosion is the phenomenon of deterioration of surface of metal in presence of air and
moisture. It is a natural process and in the presence of a moist atmosphere, chemically
active metals get corroded. This is an oxidation reaction. Rusting is the process where iron
corrodes due to exposure to the atmosphere. The main circumstance of corrosion occurs
with iron because it is a structural material in construction, bridges, buildings, rail transport,
ships, etc. Aluminium is also an important structural metal, but even aluminium undergoes
oxidation reactions. However, aluminium doesn't corrode or oxidize as rapidly as its reactivity
suggests. Copper (Cu) corrodes and forms a basic green carbonate.
34
i. Comment colour of iron metal is different from original ones after rusting.
ii. Which two metals do not corrode easily?
iii. Write the chemical name of the compound formed on corrosion of silver ,iron and copper.
iv. Corrosion is
a. a redox reaction b. a reduction reaction
c. a displacement reaction d. an oxidation reaction
2 A balanced chemical equation has equal numbers of atoms for each element involved in the
reaction are represented on the reactant and product sides. This is a requirement that the
equation must satisfy to be consistent with the law of conservation of matter. It may be
confirmed by simply summing the numbers of atoms on either side of the arrow and comparing
these sums to ensure they are equal.
Reaction Stochiometric Stoichiometric
cofficient of reactants coefficient of products
1. C2H6+O 2 H2O+CO 2 X:C2H6, Y:O2 A: H2O, B:CO2
2. Al (s)+H2SO 4(aq) Al2(SO 4) 3(aq)+H 2(g) X:Al, Y:H2SO 4 A:Al2(SO4)3, B:H2
i. In chemical reaction 1 , X and Y should be

a. 1, 7/2 b. 1, 3
c. 1, 5/2 d. 1, 3
ii. In chemical reaction 1, A and B should be
a. 1, 2 b. 1, 3
c. 2, 3 d. 3, 2
35
iii. In chemical reaction 2 , X and Y should be
a. 2, 4 b. 2, 3
c. 1, 2 d. 1, 4
iv. In chemical reaction 2 , A and B should be
a. 1, 3 b. 2, 3
c. 2, 3 d. 1, 4
3 Two different salts are given to the students in the chemistry laboratory. Salim and javed
dissolved these salts in water separately. When salim dissolved the salt into water in a
beaker the beaker turn hot from the outside. When Javed dissolved the another salt into the
water the beaker turn cold from the outside both Salim and javed rushed to the teacher and
asked about the phenomenon. The teacher replies to them that when we classify the reaction
in exothermic and endothermic reaction we should check the temperature of the beaker.
Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which heat is released during the process while
endothermic reactions are the reactions in which heat is absorbed during the reaction.
i. The salt given to the Salim should be:

a. Sodium chloride b. Ammonium nitrate
c. Calcium chloride d. Zinc chloride
ii. The salt given to Javed should be:
a. Sodium chloride b. Ammonium nitrate
c. Calcium chloride d. Zinc chloride
iii. Reaction of 'magnesium' with air is:
a. Exothermic reaction b. Endothermic reaction
c. Reversible reaction d. Substitution reaction
iv. Which of the following is an exothermic reaction ?
a. Electrolysis of water
b. Dissolution of NHCl in water
c. Burning of L.P.G.
d. Decomposition of AgBr in the presence of sunlight
36
Class - X
Assignment
2023-24
Subject : Biology
Topic : Life Processes
SECTION-A
1. a. Can visible movements in organisms be used as a criteria for defining life?State the
reason for your observation .
b. Ùsing invisible molecular movements as the criteria for defining life is justified.'Do you
agree with the statement.Give reason.
c. Many processes happen in the bodies of living organisms.Those processes which
involve the building up of complex molecules from simpler ones are called anabolism.
Those which involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones are called
catabolism.Which of the following life processes can be considered as an example of
anabolism?
1. digestion 2. respiration.
3. transpiration. 4. photosynthesis
d. Why are viruses are considered to be on the borderline of living and non living?
2. a. Certain processes are essential for maintaining life. Name these processes.
b. Diffusion is sufficient enough to meet with the requirements of gaseous exchange,waste
removal in organisms like amoeba but not in humans. Justify.
3 a. State the energy transformation that takes place in the process of photosynthesis?
b. A double membranous organelle is involved in the process of photosynthesis .Name
the organelle and state it's location in the leaf of the plant.
c. Plants and animals can derive energy from their internal energy reserves. Name the
stored form of food in both these organisms and also state the parts where they are
stored.
d. Some inorganic substances are obtained from nature by certain organisms to synthesize
food.Name these substances, the source from where they obtain them.
4. a. A 3 carbon compound `X' is produced in our muscle cells after a heavy and vigorous
exercise. Name the compound and state the consequences of its accumulation in our
muscle cells.
b. Bread or chapati contain starch but taste sweet on chewing.Analyse and state the
reason for your analysis.
5. a. Four test-tubes are set up as shown in the diagram and left in full sunlight.
After several hours, which test-tube will contain the most dissolved oxygen?
37
b. State the function of sphincter muscle in human stomach.
c. pH plays an important role in activating the enzymes.State the medium in which salivary
amylase,pepsin and trypsin get activated.
6. A graph was plotted to show the energy output of two types of respiration as shown below:
Identify the types of respiration denoted by the curves A and B. State the end products in the
two types of respiration.
7. a. Why is ATP an important molecule for living organisms ?
b. An athlete on running suddenly finds that he is breathing faster.What is the breathing
rate under normal conditions and when a person runs?
8. a. `C' shaped structures are present in the trachea. Name these structures and state
their significance .
b. State the site of cellular respiration in a cell.
9. a. Given below are a pair of organs/terms .State a feature that is common and one feature
that is different among them.
i. Chlorophyll and haemoglobin
ii. Glycogen and starch
iii. Gills and lungs
iv. Arteries and veins
v. Villi and alveoli
b. Name a common nutrient that is absorbed in the small intestine and reabsorbed by the
kidney tubules during urine formation.
10. a. A person suffering from liver disease is advised to avoid fatty and highly acidic foods.
Give a reason why each of the foods mentioned should be avoided by a person suffering
from liver disease.
b. The liver secretes bile, needed to digest fats in our food. The pancreas secretes several
enzymes needed to break down food. Which of the following is true of the food that we
eat?
i. It passes only through our liver.
ii. It passes only through our pancreas.
iii. It passes through both our liver and pancreas.
iv. It passes neither through our liver nor pancreas
11. a. Diaphragm is an important membranous muscle in our body.State it's significance.
b. On what factors does the direction of diffusion of carbondioxide and oxygen in plants
depends ?
38
12. a. Which of the following occurs during oxygen shortage in muscle cells?
i. only X ii. only Y

iii. only Z iv. any of them - X, Y or Z
b. The diagram shows a double circulatory system.
Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

c. State the components of the transport system in human beings.
13. The following diagram shows sections of three types of blood vessels:
i. Out of the following locations, where is A likely to be present? What characteristics of

A justifies its presence at this location?
• Pulmonary Vein
• Aorta
• Vena Cava
ii. Which of the three vessels, shown in the diagram, has the ability to make blood flow in
just one direction? Briefly explain how.
14. Look at the diagram given below.
Identify the processes taking place at X,Y and Z.

39
15. The image given below shows the cross section of a blood vessel of a human arm.
a. What is the type of blood vessel shown in the image?

b. In which direction will the blood flow in such a blood vessel?
SECTION B
1. a. Molecular movements are essential for life .State their significance .(FC)
b. Diffusion is not sufficient enough to meet with the demands of exchange of gases,
waste materials in multicellular organisms. Why? (FC)
2. a. Which chemical substances are called as biocatalysts? State their chemical nature
and functions.(FC)
b. Compare and contrast the nutrition shown by producers and consumers.(FC)
c. Photosynthesis is an important life process for all autotrophs and also to sustain life on
earth. State the events in sequence that occur during photosynthesis.(FC)
3. a. How do plants like cactus perform photosynthesis when their stomata remain closed
during day time?(FC)
b. State the location and functions of stomata .What will happen if the surface of a leaf is
coated with vaseline or wax or with an aluminium foil ? Explain (FC)
c. A variegated leaf with green and yellow patches is used for an experiment to prove that
chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis. Before the experiment the green portions
(A), and the pale yellow portions (B) are observed. What will be the colour of A just
before and after starch test? Also write the equation of photosynthesis and mark as
wells validate from which molecule the by product is obtained.(FC)
4. a Amoeba and Paramaecium both show holozoic mode of nutrition and are unicellular
organisms. Despite these similarities,they exhibit certain differences in the mode of
their nutrition. Elaborate .(FC)
b. State the significance of nutrition in living organisms.(FC)
5. a. Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?(FC)
b. Each organism is adapted to its environment. The form of nutrition differs depending
certain factors. State these factors and explain with an example.(FC)
6 a. Saliva is a watery substance released in the buccal cavity. Name the structures that
release saliva and what is its role in the digestion of food.(FC)
b. With the help of an activity ,explain the role of saliva on the food we eat.(FC)
7. a. How does the food move down the alimentary canal ? What is the process called?(FC)
b. State the composition of the gastric juice released in the stomach by the gastric glands
and also elaborate the functions of each of its components. (FC)
c. A deer has a longer small intestine as compared to the tiger.Analyse the reason for
such a structure in the two animals corelating with their food habits .(FC)
40
d. Assume that you are a veterinary surgeon and you had removed a good length of the
small intestine of a bear that was suffering from a intestinal tumor. Now would you
suggest a plant based or a meat based diet for the bear after its recovery? Give reason
for your answer.
8. a. A persons gall bladder is removed and he is advised by a physician to avoid fatty food.
What could be the probable reason for the doctors advise.(FC)
b. Compare and contrast the action of enzymes pepsin and trypsin.(FC)
c. Small intestine in humans is designed in such a way to enable maximum absorption of
food. Explain .(FC)
9. a. Explain the digestion of fats ,carbohydrates and proteins in human beings.(FC)
b. Tabulate the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in human
beings.(FC)
c. With the help of a flow chart, state the various pathways of the breakdown of the substrate
for respiration.(FC)
10. a. Explain the structure of our lungs and alveoli that enables maximum exchange of gases
in humans (FC)
b. What advantage does a terrestrial organism have over an aquatic animal with regard to
obtaining oxygen for respiration?(FC)
c. What is residual volume and tidal volume.State the significance of residual volume.(FC)
11. a. Oxygen is an important gas for all animals for respiration and carbondioxide is a waste
material that needs to be removed from the body. How does the transport of these two
gases occur in human beings?(FC)
b. Give reasons (F.C)
i. Ventricles have thicker muscular walls compared to atria.
ii. Septum is present in human heart.
c. State the differences between arteries and veins on the basis of their structure and
function.(FC)
d. Blood platelets or thrombocytes are an important cells in the blood of human
beings.Explain their role in maintaining the efficiency of the pumping system (FC)
12. Given below is a table representing the characteristics of two fluids involved in the
transportation of substances in the human body. (FC)
Fluid A Fluid B
colourless coloured
contains less oxygen contains more oxygen
contains less protein contains more protein
a. Identify fluid A and fluid B. State other points of differences other than the ones mentioned
above.
b. With the help of a flow chart, describe the movement of fluid A from the intercellular
spaces to the main circulatory system.
c. What role does fluid A play in the digestion of food in humans?
13. a. Two major forces help in the transport of water in a plant. Force A is the driving force in
the movement of water during the day, whereas force B helps in the movement of
water in a plant during the night or during the day when humidity is very high. (FC)
41
i. Identify force A and force B.
ii. Describe how each of these forces helps in the movement of water in a plant.
b. Major portion of the carbohydrates produced by plants is stored in different parts of
the plant (storage organs). Explain the mechanism by which this stored food is made
available when different organs need it for growth.(FC)
c. Plants use slower transport systems as compared to animals .Give reasons.(FC)
14. a. Kidney is an important organ in human beings. State its location, functions and elucidate
its structure.(FC)
b. Elaborate the various steps of urine formation in the nephron in human beings.(FC)
c. State the factors on which the amount of urine produced is regulated in human
beings.(FC)
d. Compare and contrast the alveoli in the lungs, villi in the small intestine and nephrons
in kidneys .(FC)
15. State the various methods of excretion in plants .(FC)
SECTION C
1. Draw neat labelled diagrams of the following (FC):
a. Cross section of a leaf
b. Human Alimentary Canal
c. Human Respiratory System
d. Human Heart
e. Flow of blood in human body showing the two types of circulations.
f. Human excretory system
g. Structure of nephron
SECTION D (ACHIEVERS SECTION)
1. Anita conducted an experiment to examine photosynthesis in aquatic plants kept in a tank
by measuring dissolved oxygen she plotted her results in the following graph X:
She repeated the experiment while covering the tank with an opaque black cloth. She plotted
the results in the following graph Y:
42
a. What could be the aim of her experiment?
b. Apart from photosynthesis, what other cellular process can be observed in this
experiment?
c. Why does the oxygen level rise in graph X?
d. Explain the downward slope of the graph Y.
e. The diagram below shows a leaf that was covered by piece of black paper for a period
of 3 days. After 3 days the paper was removed. On testing, it was found that the area
under the black paper tested negative for starch and the rest tested positive for starch.
What was the experiment trying to test?
2. Terrestrial animals use lungs to breathe while aquatic animals like fishes use gills to absorb
dissolved oxygen in water. Frogs are organisms that can survive both in water and on land.
a. How does a frog acquire oxygen while it is underwater?
b. Are lungs of terrestrial animals and gills of fishes analogous organs? Explain why or
why not.
c. Why do aquatic animals have a higher breathing rate than terrestrial animals?
3. a. Name the part used for ingestion of food in amoeba. Mention any other purpose served
by this part other than nutrition.
b. Name the glands associated with digestion of starch in human digestive tract and mention
their role.
c. How is the required pH maintained in the stomach and small intestine?
4. We often hear people complain about 'acidity' in the stomach.
a. Overproduction of what substance is most likely the reason for the complaint?
b. Why is the production of this substance necessary?
c. How does the stomach prevent itself from the harmful effects of overproduction of this
substance?
5. There are various muscles present in the human digestive system known as sphincters.
Two examples of these are given below:
i. pyloric sphincter - at the junction of stomach and small intestine.
ii. anal sphincter - at the anus.
Give one most likely consequence of malfunctioning of each of these sphincters.
6. Arthropods and molluscs have a copper-containing respiratory pigment called hemocyanin
while human beings have iron-containing haemoglobin.
i. How do respiratory pigments help in the process of respiration?
ii. Why do multicellular animals need respiratory pigments?
43
SECTION E
Read the following and answer the questions that follow:
1. Not all plants carry out photosynthesis by the same mechanism. In most plants,
photosynthesis depends directly on the gaseous carbon dioxide that diffuses into the leaf
through the stomata.
However, some plants - such as pineapple - have the ability to store carbon dioxide in the
vacuoles of the leaf cells as part of a complex carbon compound. This complex compound is
transported to the chloroplasts and releases carbon dioxide when required, for photosynthesis
to occur.
This special photosynthesis mechanism is believed to have evolved as an adaptation to
conserve water for survival in dry conditions.
a. Which process in the plants does this photosynthesis mechanism minimise to help the
plant survive in dry conditions?
b. How is the ability to store carbon dioxide as a complex compound likely to help minimise
the process referred to in (a)?
c. When are such plants likely to take in carbon dioxide from the environment?
2. Some adults have a defective heart since birth. They are born with a hole between the left
atrium and right atrium (shown below), this defect is called the Atrial Septal Defect (ASD).
Due to the hole between the atria, oxygenated blood gets mixed with deoxygenated blood. A
symptom of this disease is to feel tired easily.
i. Which of the following is likely to happen in people with ASD in a single cycle of blood
flow?
a. The kidneys will filter out more carbon dioxide.
b. The blood will take up more oxygen from the lungs.
c. The muscles will receive blood containing less oxygen.
d. The lungs will receive blood containing more carbon dioxide
ii. Human beings exhibit 'double circulation' during which blood is passed through the
lungs and heart.
a. State the route of the first and the second circulation through the chambers of the
heart and explain the usefulness of such circulation in humans.
b. Name the blood vessels that:
44
iii. carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart (ii) carry deoxygenated blood from
the heart to the lungs
iv. Given below is a diagrammatic representation of a process taking place in the human
body.
In which of these regions/organs could it be occurring?

i. lungs ii. heart iii. brain
a. only in i b. only in ii
c. onlyin I and ii d. in all - i, ii and iii
v. Which of these flowcharts correctly shows the circulation of blood in the human body?
45
3. A person can choke when a piece of food becomes lodged in the windpipe, blocking the flow
of air. A first aid procedure to remove the blockage is the Heimlich manoeuvre described
below:
i. By performing this procedure, the piece of food is pushed out of the windpipe. Which of
the following causes this to happen?
a. the expansion of the chest
b. the air pressed out of the lungs
c. the food pressed out of the stomach
d. the upward movement of the wall of the food pipe
ii. Explain the mechanism of breathing movements in human beings.
iii. Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll have similar structures. A molecule of haemoglobin is
composed of the atoms of four elements- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, all
four organised around iron.A chlorophyll is composed of the same elements, which are
organised around magnesium.Considering the above information, which element of
haemoglobin is most likely to be responsible for the red colour of our blood?
a. hydrogen b. nitrogen
c. carbon d. iron
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS:
For the below given questions, two statements are given- one labeled Assertion (A) and the
other labeled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c)
and (d) as given below:
1. a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
2. b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. c) A is true, but R is false.
4. d) A is false, but R is true.
1. Assertion: Rate of photosynthesis will be lowered if the leaves are coated with oil.
Reason: Stomata gets blocked and thus gaseous exchange is affected.
2. Assertion: Presence of HCL in stomach is necessary for the process of digestion.
Reason: HCL kills and inhibits the growth of bacteria in the stomach.
3. Assertion: The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important at night.
Reason: During daytime, stomata are open and so transpiration takes place which helps in
the transport of water.
46
4. Assertion : Capillaries have walls that are just one cell thick.
Reason : Exchange of material between the blood and surrounding cells takes place across
the capillaries.
5. Assertion : Warm-blooded animals have their left and right side of the heart separated for
more efficient supply of oxygen to the body.
Reason : Warm-blooded animals need high energy to maintain their body temperatures.
47
Class - X
Assignment
2023-24
Subject : History
Nationalism In India
Q.1 Crossword / Puzzle
Solve the crossword

Across
6. Father of Jawaharlal Nehru, one of the founders of Swaraj Party.
Down
1. Great national leader died due to lathi charge of the British.
2. Father of the nation.
3. Leader of the depressed classes, founder of Depressed Classes Association.
4. National Muslim leader, leader of Khilafat Movement.
5. Led a militant movement in Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh.
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Q.1 Very short answer type questions:
1. Name the places where Mahatma Gandhi successfully organised Satyagrah a
movement.
2. Why did Gandhi Visit Champaran in 1916?
3. What was forced recruitment?
4. When and where did Jallianwala Bagh massacre take place?
5. Who wrote Vande Mataram?
6. Who was the President of Congress at Lahore Session?
7. By which March was civil Disobedience movement started?
8. In which session of the Indian National Congress was the demand for Purna Swaraj
formalized?
9. Who organised the dalits into the Depressed classes Association in 1930?
10. Why could people not afford Khadi?
11. Who first painted the image of Bharat Mata?
12. Why did the Indians protest against the Simon Commission?
13. What Combination of colours was there in the ‘swaraj flag’ designed by Gandhiji in 1921?
14. Which act did not permit plantation workers to leave the tea garden without permission?
15. Why was the demand to abolish the salt tax selected?
Q.2 Short answer type questions:
1. Explain any three facts about the new economic situation created in India by the first
world war.
2. Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a tragedy Explain.
3. The economic effect of Non Cooperation movement were deep, Explain.
4. Why did the non-co-operation movement gradually died down in cities?
5. Justify that the Simon commission was a failure.
6. What were the methods used in civil disobedience movement by people?
7. What was the role of women in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
8. Describe the Views of Gandhi on untouchability
9. Describe the Poona pact of September 1932
10. Some of the Muslims political organizations in India were lukewarm in their response to
the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’ Examine the statement.
11. Write a note on Lahore session of the Congress of 1929.
12. Explain the meaning and notion as perceived by the plantation workers. How did they
respond to the call of the Non- cooperation movement?
13. Write a note on Swaraj Party.
Q.3 Long Answer type questions:
1. How did the peasants of Awadh use different methods to achieve their Goal? Explain
with examples.
2. Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of swaraj in
another way and participated in the Non- Cooperation differently’. Justify the statement.
3. Why did the following social groups Join the Civil Disobedience Movement? Rich Peasant
Communities.
Poor peasantry.
Business class
Industrial working class.
49
4. Describe the limits of Civil Disobedience Movement.
5. Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same
Nation. Support the Statement.
Case Based Questions
Q.4 Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
Led by prominent industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G.D. Birla, the industrialists
attacked colonial control over the Indian economy and supported the Civil
Disobedience Movement when it was first launched. They gave financial assistance and
refused to buy or sell imported goods. Most businessmen came to see Swaraj as a time when
colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist and trade and industry would flourish
without constraints. But after the failure of the Round Table Conference, business groups
were no longer uniformly enthusiastic.
1. How did industrialists participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
2. How did industrialists interpret Purna Swaraj?
3. Why did the industrialists not respond The Civil Disobedience Movement after second
Round Table Conference?
Q.5 Assertion(A) : In India rise of nationalism is associated with the anti-colonial movement.
Reason(R) : The sense of being oppressed under colonialism connected many different
groups together.
d. A is false but R is true
Q.6 Assertion(A) : The Congress under Mahatma Gandhi tried to connect different groups
together into one movement .
Reasons(R) : Unity didn’t come without conflicts.
Q.3 Assertion (A) : Mass processions Were a common feature of the Indian national
movement.
Reason (R) : People protested for the benefit of their respective social groups.
Q.4 Assertion (A) : The notions of freedom were different for every social group.
Reason (R) : Every class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently .
Q.5 Assertion (A) : Rates of taxes were raised and income tax was introduced in colonial
India.
Reason (R) : Defence expenditure and war loans after the first world war was financed
by Indian taxes.
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Q.6 Assertion (A) : In 1920-21 crops failed in many parts of India and there was an influenza
epidemic.
Reason (R) : According to the 1921 census, 13 million people perished in India due to
famine and disease.
Q.7 Assertion (A) : Mahatma Gandhi appeared as a new leader for the popular movement
after the first world war.
Reason (R) : Hardships as hoped, ended after the war.
Q.8 Assertion (A) : Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa to India in January 1916.
Reason (R) : Gandhi successfully fought racist regime of South Africa with satyagraha
and now he was back in India to apply this policy.
Q.9 Assertion (A) : A Satyagrahi could win any battle without the use of violence and anger .
Reason (R) : Satyagrahi while constantly standing their ground would strike at the
conscious of the oppressor .
Q.10 Assertion (A) : In 1917 Mahatma Gandhi travelled to Champaran,Bihar.
Reason (R) : It was Gandhi’s first major movement where he inspired peasants to resist
exploitation by planters.
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Peer Assessment – Map – Skills
Q.11 On the political map of India name and Locate the following -
a. Movement of Indigo planters.
b. Peasant satyagraha
c. Cotton will workers satyagraha
d. Jallianwala Bagh incident
e. Calling of the non-co-operation movement
f. No Tax Campaign took place
g. Place where Non-Co-operation movement started
52
Class - X
Assignment
2023-24
Subject: Political Science

Ch. 1 : Power Sharing
SECTION - A
MCQs
1. A system of 'checks and balances' is another name for which one of the following power sharing
arrangements:
(a) Power shared among different social groups.
(b) Vertical division of power or power shared among different levels of government.
(c) Horizontal division of power or power shared among different organs of the government.
(d) Power sharing in the form of political parties, pressure groups, and governments.
2. Choose the incorrect statement.
(a) Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies
(b) Both of them dealt with the question of power-sharing similarly
(c) In Belgium, leaders realised that unity of the country was possible only by respecting the
feelings and interests of all communities
(d) In Sri Lanka, the majority community forced its domination over others and refused to share
power
3. A belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in whichever way it wants by
disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority is:
(a) Power Sharing (b) Central Government
(c) Majoritarianism (d) Community Government
4. Power sharing is desirable because it
(a) helps the people of different communities to celebrated their festivals.
(b) imposes the will of the majority community over others. (c) reduces the conflict between
social groups.
(d) ensures the stability of political order.
5. Intelligent sharing of power is done among
(a) Legislature and Central Government (b) Executive and Judiciary
(c) Legislature and Executive (d) Legislature, Executive and Judiciary
6. Division of power between higher and lower level of government is known as
(a) Vertical division of power (b) Horizontal distribution of power
(c) Union division of power (d) Community division of power
7. DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c)
If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
1. Assertion: Tyranny of majority is highly desirable. Reason: It helps in making the political order
more stable.
2. Assertion: In Belgium, the leaders realized that the unity of the country is possible by respecting
the feelings and interest of different countries.
Reason: Belgium favoured Dutch speaking community.
8. Which language is dominantly spoken in Belgium?
(a) Dutch (b) Spanish
(c) France (d) Italian
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9. Power struggle demanding separate Eelam was launched by:
(a) Sinhalese (b) Buddhists
(c) Tamilians (d) none of these
10. Belgium has worked on the principles of:
(a) Majoritarianism (b) accommodation
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the above
SECTION - B
Very short answer type questions.
1. What is the language spoken by the people residing in the Wallonia region of Belgium called?
2. Apart from the Central and the State governments, which is the third type of government
practised in Belgium?
3. Who are Indian Tamils?
4. What is majoritarianism?
5 What measure was adopted by the democratically elected government of Sri Lanka to establish
Sinhala Supremacy?
6. What problem did Brussels face?
7. Which language was recognised as the official language of Sri Lanka in 1956?
8. What is ethnic?
9. What is meant by the system of ‘checks and balances’?
10. Name the countries with which Belgium share its borders.
SECTION - C
Short answer type questions.
1. Analyse how majoritarianism has increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan
Tamils?
2. Describe the demands of Sri Lankan Tamils. How did they struggle for their demands?
3. How is the ethnic composition of Belgium very complex? Explain.
4. What was the main cause of tension between the two linguistic communities of Belgium?
5. What do you understand by community government?
SECTION - D
Long answer type questions.
1. What factors led to a civil war in Sri Lanka?
2. Write a note on vertical division of power sharing.
3. Why do we find the Belgian model very complicated? How has it helped to prevent conflict and
division of the country on linguistic lines?
4. Compare the different ways in which the Belgians and the Sri Lankans have dealt with the
problem of cultural diversity.
5. Sharing of powers makes a country more powerful and united’. Justify the statement.
6. What are the different forms of power sharing.? Give an example of each of these.
SECTION - E
Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in area than the state of Haryana. It has borders with France,
the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg. It has a population of a little over one crore, about half the
population of Haryana. The ethnic composition of this small country is very complex. Of the country's total
population, 59 per cent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people
live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining one per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the
capital city Brussels, 80 per cent of the people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch-speaking.
1. Explain the ethnic composition of Belgium.
2. Explain the term 'ethnic'.
3. How did the Belgian Government solve their ethnic problem ? Explain.
54
Class - X
Assignment
2023-24
Subject : Geography
Ch. 1 : Resources and Development
Section-A
Q.1. Choose and write the correct option.
1. Which one of the following is an example of Cultivable Wasteland?
a. Gross cropped Area b. Uncultivable Land
c. Barren Wasteland d. Current fallow Land
2. Khadar is a type of:
a. Black soil b. Alluvial soil
c. Laterite soil d. Desert soil
3. The resources of ownership are:
a. plantation b. pasture land
c. ponds d. all of these
4. Resource planning is essential for ___________ existence of all forms of life.
a. ecological balance. b. sustainable
c. exploitation d. none of these
5. Which one of the following methods is used to break up the force of wind?
a. Shelter belt b. Strip cropping
c. Contour ploughing d. Terrace farming
6. Where was the first international Earth Summit held?
a. Rio de Janeiro b. Geneva
c. Switzerland d. Philippines
7. Geothermal energy in Puga valley and Parvati Valley are:
a. stock resources b. developed resources
c. reserve resources d. potential resources
8. Which soil is known as Black cotton soil?
a. Red soil b. Arid soil
c. Mountain soil d. Black soil
9. Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year is called
a. culturable wasteland b. current fallow land
c. wasteland d. none of the above
10. Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined
for untilisation are known:
a. potential resources b. stock
c. developed Resources d. reserves
11. Which of the following is not a measure for soil conservation?
a. strip cropping b. terrace cultivation
c. shelter belts d. overdrawing of groundwater
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12. Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human
beings do not have appropriate technology to access them are called-
a. Potential resource b. Stock
c. Developed resource d. Reserves
13. Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as-
a. Net sown area b. Forest cover
c. Waste land d. Gross cropped area
14. Ploughing along the contour lines to decelerate the flow of water down the slopes is
called:
a. Strip cropping b. Sheet erosion
c. Contour ploughing d. Terrace cultivation
15. Soil is formed by the process
a. Denudation b. Deposition
c. Weathering d. all of these
Q.2. Assertion-Reason Questions
The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
d. A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A) : Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help solve land
degradation to some extent.
Reason (R) : Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on overgrazing, stabilisation
of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to
check land degradation in arid areas.
2. Assertion (A) : Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile.
Reason (R) : Mostly these soils contain an adequate proportion of potash,
phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane,
paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.
3. Assertion (A) : The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material.
Reason (R) : They are well known for their capacity to hold dryness.
4. Assertion (A) : Arid soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall
in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau.
Reason (R) : Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh,
southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone
of the Western Ghats.
5. Assertion (A) : Forest soils are found in the hilly and mountainous areas where
sufficient rain forests are available.
Reason (R) : The Forest soil develops under tropical and subtropical climate with
alternate wet and dry seasons.
Q.3. Short answer type questions:
1. Define resource planning
2. What is land degradation?
3. Name different regions of laterite soil.
4. Name the two types of alluvial soil.
5. Which give year plan period, resource planning was introducad in India?
6. What is the percentage of net sown area in Manipur?
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7. What is the land which is left uncultivated for 1 to 5 years called?
8. What is the percentage area of India which is covered by plateaus?
9. Aaron gave his friends three clues about a type of soil.
a. It is found in Maharashtra, the largest producer of cotton in India.
b. During summers, the soil exhibits self - aeration capacity.
c. It is rich in nutrients.
What soil is being referred to by Aaron?
10. What is fallow land? Give two examples showing if is converted into cultivated land.
Section-B
Q.4. Answer the following questions in detail:
1. "It is surely our responsibility to do everything within our power to create a planet that
provides a home not just for us, but for all life on Earth" - Sir David Attenborough
a. What is meant by the above quote? Explain in two points.
b. How does this quote align with sustainable development?
2. Imagine, if the oil supply gets exhausted one day, how would this affect our life style?
3. What are the major problems of exploiting resources indiscriminately?
4. Is avalability of resources the condition for the development of any region? Explain
5. "India is rich in certain type of reesources but deficient in some other reesources".
Support your answer with examples.
6. Name some resource rich but economically backward regions and some resource
poor but economically developed regions? Give reasons for such a situation.
7. Was there any relationship between the colonisers and rich resources of a region during
historical times?
8. Describe the distribution and importance of India's land under different relief features.
9. What is the reason behind the availability of land use data for only 93 percent of the
total georaphical area of India?
10. Explain the human activities that have led to land degradation in India.
11. What is the importance of soil? Explain factors responsible for soil formation.
12. Which is the most widely spread and important soil? Which region is made of this soil?
In which regions this soil is found?
13. Which type of soil is ideal for growing cotton? What are the main characteristics of this
type of soil? Name the area where they are found.
14. Explain proper farming techniques which can be used for soil conservation.
15. Name the intensely leached soil of the monsoon climate. Give its important features.
16. a. Give two examples of resource conservation practices in our daily lives that make
way for sustainable development.
b. We need sustainable development because resource exploitation is leading to
inequality. Explain the inequality of resources in two points.
c. Name one international summit that discussed sustainable development as a goal.
Section-C
Source-based and Case-based Questions
Q.5. Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow:
PASSAGE-1
Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. They are generally sandy in texture and saline
in nature. In some areas the salt content is very high and common salt is obtained by
evaporating the water. Due to the dry climate, high temperature, evaporation is faster and
the soil lacks humus and moisture. The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar
57
because of the increasing calcium content downwards. The Kankar layer formations in the
bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water. After proper irrigation, these soils become
cultivable as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.
(i) What are the two components lacking by dry climate and high temperature?
(ii) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by what and why?
(iii) What does the Kankar layer formation restrict in the bottom horizons?
PASSAGE-2
Individual Resources: These are also owned privately by individuals. Many farmers own
land which is allotted to them by the government against the payment of revenue.
In villages there are people with land ownership but there are many who are landless. Urban
people own plots, houses and other property. Plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in
wells, etc. are some of the examples of resources ownership by individuals.
Community owned resources: There are resources which are accessible to all the members
of the community. Village commons (grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds, etc.)
public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds in urban areas are de facto accessible to all the
people living there.
National Resources: Technically, all the resources belong to the nation. The country has
legal powers to acquire even private property for public good. You might have seen roads,
canals, railways being constructed on fields owned by some individuals.
Urban Development Authorities get empowered by the government to acquire land. All the
minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic
area up to 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and resources
therein belong to the nation.
International Resources: There are international institutions which regulate some resources.
The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong
to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of
international institutions.
i. The resources which are owned by the community are:
a. plantation b. pasture land
c. ponds d. all the above
ii. Which one of the following is an example of Community Owned resources?
a. Canals b. Mountain
c. Mineral d. Playgrounds
iii. On the basis of ownership, plantations can be better considered as which of the following
types of resources?
a. Individual resource b. Community owned resource
c. National resource d. International resource
iv. The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone can be termed
as which of the following types of resource?
a. Individual resources b. Community owned resources
c. National resources d. International resources
58
Ch. 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources
Section - A
Q.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which one of the following is not considered a sacred tree in India
a. Peepal b. Neem c. Banyan d. Mango
2. What was the aim of Chipko movement ?
a. Human rights b. Political rights
c. Agricultural expansion d. Forest conservation
3. Which one of the following is an example of endemic species ?
a. Nicobar Pigeon b. Asiatic Buffalo c. Horn Bill d. Black buck
4. Which of these statements is not a valid reason for depletion of flora and fauna ?
a. Agricultural expansion b. Large scale developmental projects.
c. Grazing and fuelwood collection d. Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.
5. Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community
participation.
a. Joint Forest Management b. Beej Bachao Andolan
c. Chipko Movement d. Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries
6. The total forest cover in the country is about …………….
a. 18.1% b. 22.1% c. 19.3% d. 11.5%
7. Most of the forests in the North eastern states belong to the category of …………..
a. Wastelands b. Protected forests
c. Unclassed forests d. Mangroves
8. Endemic species refers to
a. Species which are extinct
b. Species which are declining.
c. Species which are confined to specific areas only
d. Species which are normal
9. Periyar Tiger reserve is located in
a. Rajasthan b. Uttar Pradesh c. Tamil Nadu d. Kerala
10. 'Chipko movement' is a programme started towards conservation of …………….
a. Soil b. Water c. Minerals d. Forests
11. IUCN refers to
a. International Understanding and Convention of Nature
b. International Unity and Conservation of Nature
c. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
d. Indian Union for Conservation of Natural Beauty
12. Forests play a key role in the ecological system because
a. it supports a large number of animals
b. they are important for tourism.
c. they are the primary producers on which all other living things depend.
d. they provide us with many useful things.
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13. The area of forest converted into agricultural land between 1951 to 1980 is about
a. 25,000 sq. km b. 20,000 sq. km
c. 23,000 sq. km d. 26,200 sq. km.
14. The Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal has been threatened about the loss of habitat
of many species due to
a. Industrial development b. Agricultural expansion
c. Port activities d. Mining
15. Which group of people in India are responsible for maximum ecological destruction ?
a. richest 5 percent b. poorest 25 percent
c. tribal communities d. slum dwellers
Q.2 Answer the following questions briefly-
1. What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?
2. How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain.
3. Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India?
4. Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
5. List various provisions made by "The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972" for protecting
habitats.
6. Distinguish between Protected and Reserved forests.
7. Define the term 'biodiversity'. Why biodiversity is important for human lives?
8. What are the negative factors responsible for depletion of forests and wildlife?
9. Enlist the various steps taken by the central and state government towards conservation
of forest and wildlife.
Q.3 Long Answer Type Questions --
1. Name six groups of flora and fauna under which they are classified by International
Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
2. Write four major reasons for the depletion of forest cover.
3. Write three adverse impacts of dolomite mining in the Buxar Tiger Reserve on the
ecosystem.
4. List six factors which have led to the decline in India's biodiversity.
5. "The destruction of biodiversity is highly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity."
Give four facts to support this statement.
6. Write four steps taken by the Government for conservation of wildlife.
7. Write two characteristics of Joint Forest Management Programme and its two benefits
for the community. Which Indian state started this programme first of all and when?
8. Write three examples of conservation of biodiversity at community level. (2025)
9. Give an account of the Himalayan Yew highlighting its importance.
10. '33% of area should be under forests'. Justify the statement highlighting the
environmental values of forests.
60
Class - X
Assignment
2023-24
Subject: Economics
Chapter 1 : Development
Section - A
A. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. What will be the top priority in the developmental goal of a landless labourer?
a. Expansion of rural banking. b. More days of work and better wages.
c. Metal roads for transportation. d. Establishment of a high school.
2. Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of the age group ____ attending school
as a percentage of the total number of children in the same age group.
a. 17 and 18 years b. 9 and 10 years
c. 12 and 13 years d. 14 and 15 years
3. Which one of the following is not a feature of developing country?
a. Agriculture as the major occupation. b. High technological development.
c. Mass poverty d. Mass illiteracy
4. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that we may need to have a good life. A list of
things required for a good life is given below. Which among the following are things money
cannot buy?
i. Full protection from infectious diseases
ii. High quality education
iii. A luxury home
iv. A pollution-free atmosphere in every part of the country
a. (i) and (ii) b. (ii) and (iii)
c. (i), (ii) and (iii) d. (i) and (iv)
5. Pick out the correct meaning listed below to define 'average income'.
a. Average income of the country means the total income of the country.
b. The average income in a country is the income of only employed people.
c. The average income is the same as per capita income.
d. The average income includes the value of property held.
6. In the questions given below there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason(R).
Read the statements and choose the correct option
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct
(i) Assertion (A) : A high average income is not indicative of the overall wellbeing of
a country.
Reason (R) : Average income does not cover human development indicates
like level of education, health and public facilities.
61
(ii) Assertion (A) : Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate.
Reason (R) : Kerala lacks the provision of basic health and educational
facilities.
(iii) Assertion (A) : India has experienced some significant changes in the contribution
to GDP by the primary sector
Reason (R) : In terms of GDP, the service sector emerged as the largest
producing sector in India replacing the primary sector.
Section - B
B. Very short answer type questions.
1. For comparing countries, total income or national income is not a useful measure. Give reason.
2. 'What may be development for one may not be development for the other'. Explain with the
suitable example.
3. Define:
(a) Literacy rate. (b) Infant Mortality Rate
4. What do you mean by Human Development Index?
5. Mention any two developmental goals of an urban girl.
Section - C
C Short answer type questions.
1. "Average income is an important criterion for development." Explain.
2. Why has Kerala a higher Human Development Index than Punjab in spite of low per capita
income?
3. Give some examples where factors other than income are important aspects of our lives.
4. Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been increasing over a
period of time. From this can we conclude that all sections of the economy have become
better? Illustrate with an example.
5. "Though the level of income is important, it is an inadequate measure of the level of
development." Justify the statement.
6. In Tamil Nadu, 75% of the people living in rural areas use a ration shop, whereas in Jharkhand
only 8% of rural poeple do so. Where would poeple be better off and why?
Section - D
D. Long answer type questions.
1. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are
the limitations of this criterion?
2. "Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries."
Justify the statement.
3. What is Human Development Index? Which organization measures the HDI? Explain the
three major indicators of the HDI.
4. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from
the one used by the World Bank?
5. Why are Public facilities needed for the development of a country? Explain any four public
facilities.
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Section - E
1. Case study based questions:
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
One way to find out if we are properly nourished is to calculate what nutrition scientists call it BMI.
This is easy to calculate. Let each student in the class find out his or her weight and height. Take
the weight of each student in kilograms (kg). Then, take the height by drawing up a scale on the
wall and measuring accurately with the head straight. Convert the height recorded in centimeters
into meters. Divide the weight in kg by the square of the height. The number you get is called BMI.
Then, look at the BMI-for-Age tables given on pages 90-91. A student's BMI could be within the
normal range or less than that (underweight) or more (obesity). For example, if a girl student is 14
years and 8 month old and the BMI is 15.2, then she is undernourished. Similarly, if the BMI of a boy
aged 15 years and 6 months is 28, then he is overweight.
1. What is BMI?
a. Body mass information b. Body mean information
c. Body mean index d. Body mass index.
2. Identify the correct formula to calculate the BMI.
a. Height / Weight2 b. Weight / height2
c. weight / height d. weight2 / height
3. Rahul is 5 ft 6 inches tall and he weighs 82 kilos. Calculate his BMI.
a. 23.5 b. 29.2
c. 27.6 d. 21.3
4. According to Rahul's BMI, he is ____.
a. Overweight b. Underweight
c. Normal d. Obese
2. Study the given table carefully and fill in the blanks in the following paragraphs.
EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT OF RURAL POPULATION OF UTTAR PRADESH
Category Male Female
Literacy rate for rural population 76% 54%
Literacy rate for rural children in age group 10-14 years 90% 87%
Percentage of rural children aged 10-14 attending

85% 82%
school
a. The literacy rate for all age groups, including young and old, is _____ for rural males and
_____ for rural females. However, it is not just that these many adults could not attend school
but that there are _____ who are currently not in school.
b. It is clear from the table that _____ % of rural girls and _____% of rural boys are not attending
school. Therefore, illiteracy among children in the age group 10- 14 is as high as _____% for
rural females and _____% for rural males.
c. This high level of illiteracy among __________ age group, even after more than 70 years of
our independence, is most disturbing. In many other states also we are nowhere near realisation
of the constitutional goal of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14,
which was expected to be achieved by 1960.
63
64
fnYyh ifCyd Ldwy] Q+jhnkckn
fgUnh vfrfjDr dk;Z bdkbZ&1 % 2023&2024
d{kk&10
[k.M&d
ç01 fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k i<+dj fn, x, fodYiksa ls mÙkj pqfu,
d- lalkj esa dqN vlk/; ugha gSA dqN Hkh vlaHko ugha gSA vlaHko] vlk/; vkfn 'kCn dk;jksa ds fy, usiksfy;u ds fy, ;s 'kCn mlds
dks"k esa ugha FksA lkgl ds iqrys ckiw us fo'o dks pfdr dj fn;kA ckiw 'kjhj ls 'kfä'kkyh Fks\ ughaA os rks irys&ls ,d yaxksVh
igus ydM+h ds lgkjs pyrs FksA ijarq mU fopkj l'kä Fks] Hkkouk,¡ 'kfä'kkyh FkhaA muds lkgl dks ns[kdj djksMk+ as Hkkjrh; muds
ihNs FksA ffcz kezkT; muls dk¡i x;kA vfgalk ds lgkjs fcuk jäikr ds mUgksua s Hkkjr dks Lora= djk;kA ;g fo'o vf}rh; mnkgj.k
gSA tc xk¡/kh th us vfgalk dk ukjk yxk;k rks yksx g¡lrs Fks] dgrs Fks vfgalk ls d fczfV'k lkezkT; ls VDdj yh tk ldrh
gSA ijarq os MVs jgs] lkgl ugha NksMk+ ] var esa vfgalk dh gh fo gqbAZ dgrs gS]a vdsyk puk D;k HkkM+ QksM+ ldrk gS \ gk¡] QksM+
ldrk gS] ;fn mlesa lkgl gks rksA
i. lalkj esa dqN Hkh vlaHko rFkk vlk/; ugha gS] D;ksfa d&
d- ifjJe ls lc dk;Z fd, tk ldrs gSAa
[k- 'kfä'kkyh euq"; ds fy, dqN Hkh vlaHko ugha gSA
x- lkgl ,oa ifjJe ls lc dk;Z fd, tk ldrs gSAa
?k- eu esa vPNh Hkkouk euq"; dks lQy cukrh gSA
ii. ckiw dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk Fkh& oLrqijd ç'u
d- os 'kfä'kkyh ugha Fks ij vfMx FksA
[k- os lkglh Fks ij detksj FksA
x- os vfgalk ds ekxZ ij pyrs Fks; ;gh mudk cy FkkA
?k- muds fopkj l'kä rFkk Hkkouk,¡ 'kfä'kkyh FkhaA
iii. xk¡/kh th fczfV'k lkezkT; ls ftl vL= dks ysdj yM+]s og Fkk&
d- lkgl
[k- vfgalk
x- pfj=
iv. ^vdsyk puk HkkM+ QksM+ ldrk gS \*& fdl xq.k ds lgkjs \
d- ifjJe ds
[k- lkgl ds
x- le>nkjh ds
?k- vH;kl ds
65
v. fuEufyf[kr vfHkdFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ dks /;kuiwodZ if<+,A mlds ckn fn, fodYiksa esa ls lgh fodYi pqudj
fyf[k,A
vfHkdFku ¼A½ xk¡/khth us fcuk jäikr ds Hkkjr dks Lora= djk;kA
dkj.k ¼R½ % vfgalk ds cycwrs ij ;g dkjukek lQy gks ldkA
d- vfHkdFku ¼A½ lgh gS] ij dkj.k ¼R½ xyr gSA
[k- vfHkdFku ¼A½ lgh gS] vkSj dkj.k ¼R½ Hkh lgh gSA
x- vfHkdFku ¼A½ lgh gS] ij dkj.k ¼R½ dFku ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k ugha djrk gSA
?k- vfHkdFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼R½ nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj og vfHkdFku ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k djrk gSA
[k- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks /;kuiwodZ i<+dj blds vk/kkj ij lokZf/kd mi;qä mÙkj okys fodYi pqudj fyf[k,&
yksdra= ds ewyHkwr rÙo dks le>k ugha x;k gS vkSj blfy, yksx le>rs gSa fd lc dqN ljdkj dj nsxh] gekjh dksbZ ftEesnkjh
ugha gSA yksxksa esa viuh igy ls ftEesnkjh mBkus vkSj fuHkkus dk Lrj fodflr ugha gks ik;k gS] QyLo:i ns'k dh fo'kky ekuo
'kfä vHkh [kjkZVs ysrh iM+h gS vkSj ns'k dh iwta h mi;ksxh cukus ds cnys vkt cks>:i cu cSBh gSA ysfdu mls uhan ls >d>ksj
dj tkx`r djuk gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k dks egku cukrs gSa mlesa jgus okys yksxA ysfdu vHkh gekjs ns'k ds ukxfjd viuh ftEesnkjh
ls cprs jgs gSAa pkgs lM+d ij pyus dh ckr gks vFkok lkQ&lQkbZ dh ckr gks] tgka rgka ge yksxksa dks xanxh QSykrs vkSj csrjrhc
<ax ls okgu pykrs ns[k ldrs gS]a fQj pkgrs gSa lc dqN ljdkj Bhd dj nsA ljdkj us cgqr lkjs dk;Z fd, gS]a bls vLohdkj
ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS A oSKkfud ç;ksx'kkyk,¡ [kksyh gS] fo'kky ckaèk cuok, gS]a QkSykn ds dkj[kkus [kksys gS]a vkfn vkfn cgqr
lkjs dke ljdkj ds }kjk gq, gS]a ij vHkh djksMk+ as yksxksa dks dk;Z esa çsfjr ugha fd;k tk ldk gSA
okLro esa gksuk rks ;g pkfg, fd yksx viuh lw>cw> ds lkFk viuh vkarfjd 'kfä ds cy ij [kM+s gksa vkSj vius ikl tks dqN
lkèku lkexzh gks mls ysdj dqN djuk 'kq: dj nsa vkSj fQj ljdkj mlesa vko';d enn djsA mnkgj.k ds fy, xkao okys
cM+h&cM+h iapo"kÊ; ;kstuk,a ugha le> ldsxa s ij os yksx ;g ckr t:j le> ldsxa s fd vius xkao esa dgk¡ dqvka pkfg,] dgka
flapkbZ dh t:jr gS] dgka iqy dh vko';drk gS] ckgj ds yksx bu lc ckrksa ls vufHkK gksrs gSa A
i. funZ's k uhps fn, x, ç'u esa nks dFkuksa dks vfHkdFku ¼v½ vkSj dkj.k ¼c½ ds :i esa fpfUgr fd;k x;k gSA vius mÙkj
dks uhps fn, x, dksM ds vuqlkj fpfUgr dhft,
vfHkdFku ¼v½ xk¡o dk fodkl xk¡o ds yksx gh dj ldrs gSAa
dkj.k ¼c½ ckgj ds yksx xk¡o dh t:jrksa ls vufHkK gksrs gSa A
d- c lR; gS ysfdu v vlR;
[k- v lR; gS ysfdu c vlR;
x- v vkSj c nksuksa lR; gSa vkSj c] v dh lgh O;k[;k gS
?k- v vkSj c nksuksa lR; gSa vkSj v] c dh lgh O;k[;k gS
ii. fdlh ns'k dh egkurk fuHkZj djrh gS
d- ogk¡ dh ljdkj ij
[k- ogk¡ ds fuokfl;ksa ij
x- ogk¡ ds bfrgkl ij
?k- ogk¡ dh iwta h ij
66
iiii. ljdkj ds dkeksa ds ckjs esa dkSu lk dFku lgh ugha gS
d- oSKkfud ç;ksx'kkyk,¡ cuokbZ gSAa
[k- fo'kky ckaèk cuok, gSAa
x- okgu pkydksa dks lqèkkjk gSa
?k- QkSykn ds dkj[kkus [kksys gSa
iv. ljdkjh O;oLFkk esa fdl deh dh vksj ys[kd us ladrs fd;k gS \
d- xkao ls tqMh+ leL;kvksa ds funku esa xzkeh.kksa dh Hkwfedk dks udkjuk
[k- ;kstuk,a Bhd ls u cukuk
x- vkèkqfud tkudkjh dk vHkko
?k- tehu ls tqMh+ leL;kvksa dh vksj è;ku u nsuk
v. ^^>d>ksj dj tkx`r djuk** dk Hkko xn~;ka'k ds vuqlkj gksxk &
d- uhan ls txkuk
[k- lksus uk nsuk
x- ftEesnkjh fuHkkuk
?k- ftEesnkfj;ksa ds çfr lpsr djuk
[kaM ¼[k½
O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k
iz 0 2 ikBksa ij vk/kkfjr eqgkojs
1- tYnckt+h ls dke ysuk & tYnh ls dke fuiVkuk
2- tUefln~/k vf/kdkj gksuk & iwjk&iwjk vf/kdkj
3- cqfu;kn et+crw cukuk & uhao iDdh cukuk
4- g¡lh & [ksy le>uk & ljy le>uk
5- izk.k lw[kuk & Hk;Hkhr gksuk
6- ,sjk & xSjk uRFkw&[kSjk & dksbZ Hkh lk/kkj.k O;fDr
7- vk¡[ksa QksMu+ k & cgqr vf/kd i<+uk
8- [kwu tykuk & vFkd ifjJe djuk
9- lwfDrck.k pykuk & fny nq[kkus okyh ckrsa dguk
10- fujk'kk ds ckny QVuk & fujk'kk nwj gksuk
11- ftxj ds VqdM+&s VqdM+s gksuk & fny nq[kuk
12- xk<+h dekbZ & ifjJe dh dekbZ
13- flj ij uaxh ryokj yVduk & Hk; cuk jguk @ [krjk gksuk
14- vkM+s gkFkksa ysuk & [kjh&[kksVh lqukuk
15- fnyh gennhZ gksuk & lPph lgkuqHkwfr
16- ?kko ij ued fNM+duk & nq[kh dks vkSj nq[kh djuk
17- gsdM+h trkuk & ?keaM djuk
18- ryokj [khpuk & Mk¡V&MiV djukA
67
19- fnekx gks tkuk & >wBk vfHkeku gksuk
20- fny et+crw gksuk & iDdk bjknk
21- uke & fu'kku feVk nsuk & fdlh dks iw.kZr% u"V dj nsuk
22- va/ks ds gkFk cVsj yxuk & HkkX; ls dqN ikuk
23- nhu & nqfu;k ls tkuk & fdlh dke dk u jguk
24- uD'kk cukuk & ;kstuk cukuk
25- va/kk pksV fu'kkuk iM+uk & dksbZ oLrq vpkud izkIr gks tkuk
26- pqYyw Hkj ikuh nsus okyk u gksuk & ladV ds le; ennxkj u gksuk
27- nk¡rksa ilhuk vkuk & gkyr [kjkc gks tkuk
28- yksgs ds pus pckuk & cgqr dfBu dke djuk
29- vk¡/kh jksx gksuk & Hkze esa iM+uk
30- v{kj & v{kj jVuk & fcuk le>s jV ysuk
31- cs & flj & iSj dh ckrsa & O;FkZ dh ckrsa
32- iUus jaxuk & fcuk lksps & le>s fy[kuk
33- vkVs & nky dk Hkko ekywe gksuk & ftanxh le> esa vk tkuk
34- t+ehu ij ik¡o u j[kuk & cgqr ?keaM djuk
35- fxjg ck¡/kuk & iwjh rjg ls le> ysuk
36- pksjksa dk & lk thou dVuk & vijk/k cks/k gksuk
37- izk.kkard ifjJe djuk & vR;f/kd ifjJe djuk
38- ,d&,d 'kCn pkV ysuk & jV ysuk
39- eqnkz dkafrghu gksuk & psgjk eqj>kuk
40- [kq'kh vk/kh gksuk & [kqf'k;k¡ de gksuk
41- fof/k dh ckr dkSu Vkys & HkkX; cny ugha ldrk
42- rdnhj cyoku gksuk & HkkX;'kkyh gksuk
43- gkFk & ik¡o Qwyuk & ?kcjk tkuk
44- eqgrkt gksuk & ykpkj gksuk
45- eq¡g pqja kuk & lkeuk u dj ikuk
46 ?kj esa y{eh vkuk & cjdr gksuk
47- csjkg pyuk & mfpr dk;Z u djuk
48- t+gj yxuk & cqjh yxuk
49- ureLrd gksuk & vknj lfgr >qduk
50- VwV iM+uk & geyk djuk
51- rhj ekj ysuk & cM+k dke djuk
52- lk;s ls Hkkxuk & lkeus u iM+uk
53- ncs ik¡o vkuk & fcuk vkgV fd, vkuk
54- igkM+ gksuk & cM+h eqlhcr gksuk
68
55- yxrh ckr & pqHkrh ckr dguk
56- gkFk Mkyuk & dk;Z dh 'kq:vkr djuk
57- izk.k fudyuk & vR;f/kd Mj tkukA
58- ?kqMf+ d;k¡ [kkuk & Mk¡V&MiV lgu djuk
59- flj fQjuk & ?keaM gksuk
60- gkFk yxuk & fdlh oLrq dh izkfIr gksuk
61- ikiM+ csyuk & dfBu dke djuk
62- iSls & iSls dks eqgrkt+ gksuk & xjhch ds fnu ns[kuk
63- gkFk esa ysuk & dke dh ft+Eesnkjh mBkuk
64- th yypkuk & eu esa ykyp vkuk
65- vej fnu gksuk & ;knxkj fnu
66- flj dVuk & flj ls [kwu cguk
67- VwV tkuk & fc[kj tkuk
68- vk¡[ksa fep tkuk & ns[k u lduk
69- BaMk iM+uk & 'kkar gks tkuk
70- jax fn[kkuk & vlfy;r lkeus vkuk
71- ckr fujkyh gksuk & dqN vyx fn[kkbZ nsuk
72- dyad /kqyuk & cnukeh lekIr gksuk
73- lq/k&cq/k [kksuk & vius & vki dks Hkwy tkuk
74- rankz Hkax gksuk & fopkjksa ls ckgj vkuk
75- lEeksfgr gksuk & eqX/k gksuk
76- ckV tksguk & jkLrk ns[kuk
77- jkg u lw>uk & mik; u feyuk
78- ,d & ,d iy igkM+ dh rjg Hkkjh gksuk & le; u dVuk
79- QwV & QwV dj jksuk & foyki djuk
80- mQ+u mBuk & cgqr Øksf/kr gk tkuk
81- ,d gh jkx vykiuk & ,d gh ckr ckj & ckj dgrs tkuk
82- psgjk vk¡[kksa esa rSj tkuk & psgjk vk¡[kksa ls u gVuk
83- [kq'kh dk fBdkuk u jguk & vR;f/kd [kq'k gksuk
84- vkx ccwyk gksuk & cgqr Øksf/kr gks tkuk
vH;kl dk;Z
1. vius 'k=q dh nqn'Z kk ns[kdj mldk ----------------------- gks x;k A mi;qä eqgkojs ls okD; iwjk djsAa
d- ?kh ds fn, tykuk [k- dystk BaMk djuk
x- ckts ctokuk ?k- jax [ksyuk
69
2. îRFkj dh ydhj* eqgkojs dk vFkZ gS &
d- maxyh mBkuk [k- –n`<+ fopkj
x- fujknj djuk ?k- cky dh [kky fudkyuk
3. vkt lfCt;ksa ds nke ---------------- gSa mi;qä eqgkojs ls fjä LFkku iw.kZ djsAa
d- tehu ij [k- Åaps vkleku ij
x- lkrosa vkleku ij ?k- uHk esa
4. bl usrk dks ---------------- [kwc vkrk gSA
d- dkaVk gksuk [k- xky ctkuk
x- fny tykuk ?k- lHkh xyr gS
5. ekyh ds gkFkksa esa MaMk ns[kdj jktw ds ----------------- x,A mi;qä eqgkojs ls okD; iwjk djsAa
d- çk.k lq[kuk [k- vkx ccwyk
x- ej feVuk ?k- Hkkx tkuk
6. ^nkarks rys Å¡xyh nckuk* eqgkojs dk vFkZ gS &
d- Mj tkuk [k- 'kfeanZ k gksuk
x- gSjku gksuk ?k- d"V vuqHko djuk
7. nwljksa ij ---------------- ds cnys viuk dke tYnh iwjk djks A okD; esa mi;qä eqgkojs ls fjä LFkku iw.kZ djsAa
d- flj p<+uk [k- xys yxuk
x- m¡xyh mBkuk ?k- dyad yxkuk
8. ^vDy ij iRFkj iM+uk* eqgkojs dk lgh vFkZ gS &
d- ew[kZ gksuk [k- cqnf~ /k Hkz"V gksuk
x- cqnf~ /k gksuk ?k- çfrHkkoku gksuk
9. mlls lko/kku jguk gS og rks ------------- gS mi;qä eqgkojs ls okD; iwjk djsAa
d- gkFk eyuk [k- ckt u vkuk
x- vkLrhu dk lk¡i ?k- pwfM+;k¡ iguuk
10. ^vka[ksa QksMu+ k* eqgkojs dk vFkZ gS &
d- cM+s /;ku ls i<+uk [k- cgqr d"V >syuk
x- ilhuk cgkuk ?k- cgqr esgur djuk
70
okD; :ikarj.k
okD; & 'kCnksa ds lkFkZd lewg dks okD; dgrs gSAa
lajpuk&cukoV ds vk/kkj ij okD; ds rhu Hksn gksrs gSa & ljy] la;Dq r] fefJr okD;A
ljy okD; & bl izdkj ds okD; esa ,d fØ;k in ;k fØ;k inca/k gksrk gSAa
tSls & jes'k i<+ jgk gSA
eqX/kk cgqr vkylh gSA
la;qDr okD; &
1- nks ;k nks ls vf/kd okD;ksa dks tksMd+ j cuk;k tkrk gSA
2- nksuksa okD; vius&vki esa Lora= gksrs gSAa
3- tksMu+ s ds fy, leqPp;cks/kd 'kCn tSls vkSj] rFkk] fdUrq] ijar]q ojuk vkfn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
tSls & eSa ikl gks x;kA eSa ntsZ esa izFke vk;kA
dk la;Dq r okD; gksxkA eSa ikl gks x;k vkSj ntsZ esa izFke vk;kA
fefJr okD; &
1- nks okD;ksa dks tksMd+ j ,d okD; cuk;k tkrk gSAa
2- ,d okD; nwljs okD; ij fuHkZj djrk gSAa
3- nksuksa okD;ksa dks rhu izdkj ls tksMk+ tk ldrk gS &
d- fd yxkdj
[k- lac/a kokpd loZuke yxkdj
tSls & tks&oks
ftlus & mlus
ftldh & mldh vkfn
x- fØ;k fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa ls
tSls & tc & rc
tgk¡ & ogk¡
tSls & oSls
T;ksfa g & R;ksfa g vkfn
vH;kl dk;Z
1. ê;ad lqna j gS] og g¡leq[k Hkh gS* bl okD; dk ljy okD; esa :ikarj.k gksxk &
d- e;ad lqna j gS rFkk g¡leq[k Hkh gS [k- e;ad lqna j gS ysfdu g¡leq[k Hkh gS
x- e;ad lqna j vkSj g¡leq[k gS ?k- e;ad lqna j Hkh gS vkSj g¡leq[k HkhA
71
2. fuEu okD;ksa esa ls la;äq okD; dkSu lk gS
d- esjk NksVk lk tks xk¡o gS mlds pkjksa vksj taxy gSA
[k- esjs NksVs ls xk¡o ds pkjksa vksj taxy gSA
x- esjk xk¡o NksVk lk gS vkSj mlds pkjksa vksj taxy gSA
?k- xk¡o NksVk lk gS vkSj pkjksa vksj taxy gSA
3. ^mlus dqN ugha [kkuk [kk;k vkSj lks x;kA* jpuk ds vk/kkj ij okD; Hksn gS &
d- ljy okD; [k- fefJr okD;
x- la;ä q okD; ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fefJr okD; gS &
d- tSls gh og ?kj ls ckgj fudys oSls gh tksj ls /kekdk gqvk
[k- os yksx ?kj ls ckgj fudys vkSj tksj ls /kekdk gqvk
x- /kekdk gksrs gh ?kj ls ckgj fudys
?k- muds ?kj ls fudyrs gh tksj ls /kekdk gqvk
5. ^lw;Z fudyk vkSj çdk'k gks x;k* jpuk ds vk/kkj ij okD; dk Hksn gS
d- bPNk okpd [k- ljy okD;
x- fefJr okD; ?k- la;ä
q okD;
6. ^rst o"kkZ gqbZ unh esa ck<+ vk xbZA* bu okD;ksa ls cuk fefJr okD; gS &
d- unh esa ck<+ vk xbZ D;ksfa d rst o"kkZ gqbAZ
[k- rst o"kkZ ds dkj.k unh esa ck<+ vk xbZ
x- rst o"kkZ gqbZ vkSj unh esa ck<+ vk xbZA
?k- tc rst o"kkZ gqbZ rc unh esa ck<+ vk xbZA
7. fn, x, okD;ksa esa la;ä q okD; gS &
d- T;ksga h tuojh dk eghuk vk;k BaM c<+us yxhA
[k- tuojh dk eghuk vkrs gh BaM c<+us yxhA
x- tSls gh tuojh dk eghuk vk;k oSls gh BaM c<+us yxhA
?k- tuojh dk eghuk vk;k vkSj BaM c<+us yxhA
8. ^lqj's k lqcg mBk mlus pk; ihA* bu okD;ksa ls cuk la;ä q okD; gS &
d- lqj's k us lqcg mBdj pk; ihA
[k- tc lqj's k lqcg mBk rc mlus pk; ihA
x- lqj's k lqcg mBk vkSj mlus pk; ihA
?k- lqj's k us lqcg mBrs gh pk; ihA
72
9. fn, x, okD; esa ljy okD; gS &
d- vki }kj ij cSBdj mldh çrh{kk djsAa
[k- vki }kj ij cSBas vkSj mldh çrh{kk djsAa
x- tc vki }kj ij cSBas rc mldh çrh{kk djsAa
?k- vki }kj ij cSBs vkSj mlds vkus dh çrh{kk djsa A
10. ^tSlk djksxs oSlk Hkjksx*s jpuk ds vk/kkj ij okD; Hksn gSa &
d- bPNk okpd [k- ljy okD;
x- fefJr okD; ?k- la;äq okD;
11. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa la;ä q okD; gSa &
d- ifjJe djus ls lQyrk feyhA
[k- D;ksfa d mlus ifjJe fd;k mls lQyrk feyhA
x- mlus ifjJe fd;k vkSj mls lQyrk feyhA
?k- ifjJe djus okys us lQyrk çkIr dhA
12. ôg vk;k Fkk ijarq eSa u fey ldkA* jpuk ds vk/kkj ij okD; Hksn gS &
d- la;ä q okD; [k- fefJr okD;
x- ljy okD; ?k- fu"ks/kkRed okD;
13. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ljy okD; gS &
d- vijk/k fln~/k gqvk vkSj mls ltk gqbAZ
[k- tc vijk/k fln~/k gks x;k rc mls ltk gks xbZA
x- tSls gh vijk/k fln~/k gqvk oSls gh mls ltk gks xbZA
?k- vijk/k fln~/k gksus ij mls ltk gqbAZ
14. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa feJ okD; gS &
d- osru feysxk vkSj dtZ mrj tk,xkA
[k- vxj rqe >wB ugha cksyrs rks rqEgsa ukSdjh fey tkrhA
x- gesa cM+kas dk vknj djuk pkfg,A
?k- FkksMk+ #fd, vkSj vkxs tkb,A
15. ôg dkSu&lk O;fä gS] ftlus tokgj yky usg: dk uke uk lquk gksA* fuEufyf[kr okD; gS &
d- ljy okD; [k- la;äq okD;
x- feJ okD; ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
73
[kaM x
iz 0 1 fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj ç'uksa ds lokZf/kd mi;qä fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,
vc HkkbZ lkgc cgqr dqN uje iM+ x, FksA dbZ ckj eq>s Mk¡Vus dk volj ikdj Hkh mUgksaus /khjt ls dke fy;kA 'kk;n
og [kqn le>us yxs Fks fd eq>s Mk¡Vus dk vf/kdkj mUgsa ugha jgk] ;k jgk Hkh] rks cgqr deA esjh LoPNanrk Hkh c<+hA
eSa mudh lfg".kqrk dk vuqfpr ykHk mBkus yxkAeq>s dqN ,slh /kkj.kk gqbZ fd eSa ikl gh gks tkÅ¡xk] i<+sa ;k u i<w¡]
esjh rdnhj cyoku gS] blfy, HkkbZ lkgc ds Mj ls tks FkksM+k&cgqr i<+ fy;k djrk Fkk] og Hkh can gqvkA eq>s dudkS,
mM+kus dk u;k 'kkSd iSnk gks x;k Fkk vkSj lkjk le; iraxckth dh gh HksaV gksrk Fkk] fQj Hkh eSa HkkbZ lkgc dk vnc
djrk Fkk vkSj mudh utj cpkdj dudkS, mM+krk FkkA ek¡>k nsuk] duus ck¡/kuk] irax VwukZesaV dh rS;kfj;k¡ vkfn
leL;k,¡ lc xqIr :i ls gy dh tkrh FkhaA eSa HkkbZ lkgc dks ;g lansg u djus nsuk pkgrk Fkk fd mudk lEeku vkSj
fygkt esjh utjksa esa de gks x;k gSA
[kaM v oLrqijd ç'u ¼x| [kaM½
i. vc eq>s Mk¡Vus dk vf/kdkj mUgsa ugha jgk bl iafä esa fdls Mk¡Vus dk vf/kdkj ugha jgk\
d- nknk dks [k- v/;kid dks
x- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dks ?k- NksVs HkkbZ dks
ii. Qii- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc ds O;ogkj esa ys[kd dks ujeh fn[kkbZ nsus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\
d- mUgsa yxuk fd os t:jr ls T;knk Mk¡Vrs gSa
[k- NksVs HkkbZ }kjk muls ckr djuk can dj nsuk
x- mudk ijh{kk esa Qsy gksuk
?k- mudk vPNs vadksa ls mÙkh.kZ gksuk
iii. fuEufyf[kr dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼B½ dks /;kuiwod Z if<+,A mlds ckn fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls dksbZ ,d lgh fodYi
pqudj fyf[k,A
dFku ¼A½ NksVs HkkbZ us fcYdqy Hkh i<+uk can dj fn;k FkkA
dkj.k ¼B½ mls viuh rdnhj ij Hkjkslk Fkk fd og fcuk i<+s Hkh ikl gks tk,xkA
d- dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼B½ nksuksa xyr gSA
[k- dFku ¼A½ lgh gS ysfdu dkj.k ¼B½ mldh xyr O;k[;k djrk gSA
x- dFku ¼A½ xyr gS ysfdu dkj.k ¼B½ lgh gSA
?k- dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼B½ nksuksa lgh gSa rFkk dkj.k ¼B½ dFku ¼A½ dh lgh O;k[;k djrk gSA
iv. cM+s HkkbZ ds Mj ls ys[kd dkSu&lk dk;Z djus yxk Fkk\
d- uohu ;kstuk cukrk Fkk [k- vkSj vf/kd [ksyrk Fkk
x- fe=ksa ls ugha feyrk Fkk ?k- FkksMk+ &cgqr i<+rk Fkk
v. ys[kd cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dks fdl ckr dk langs ugha gksus nsuk pkgrk gS\
d- mudh i<+kbZ dh iqLrdsa mlus QkM+ nh gSAa
[k- vuqHko ds dkj.k mudh ckr dks tkuus dk
x- mudk lEeku ys[kd dh utjksa esa de gks x;k gS
?k- mudh f'kdk;r nknk ls dj nh
74
iz 0 2 fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj ç'uksa ds lokZf/kd mi;qä fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,
vkneh vkSj tks dqdeZ pkgs djs] ij vfHkeku u djs] brjk;s ughaA vfHkeku fd;k vkSj nhu&nqfu;k nksuksa ls x;kA 'kSrku
dk gky Hkh i<+k gh gksxkA mls ;g vfHkeku gqvk Fkk fd bZ'oj dk mlls c<+dj lPpk Hkä dksbZ gS gh ughaA var esa
;g gqvk dh LoxZ ls ujd esa <dsy fn;k x;kA 'kkgs:e us Hkh ,d ckj vgadkj fd;k FkkA Hkh[k ek¡x ek¡x dj ej x;kA
rqeus rks vHkh dsoy ,d njtk ikl fd;k gS vkSj vHkh ls rqEgkjk lj fQj x;k] rc rks rqe vkxs i<+ pqdsA ;g le>
yks fd rqe viuh esgur ls ugha ikl gq,] va/ks ds gkFk cVsj yx xbZA exj cVsj dsoy ,d ckj gkFk yx ldrh gSA
ckj&ckj ugha yx ldrhA dHkh&dHkh xqYyh MaMs esa Hkh va/kk&pksV fu'kkuk iM+ tkrk gSA blls dksbZ lQy f[kykM+h ugha
gks tkrkA lQy f[kykM+h oks gS ftldk dksbZ fu'kkuk [kkyh uk tk,A
i. euq"; dks D;k ugha djuk pkfg,\
d- çse [k- vgadkj
x- /kks[kk ?k- lHkh
ii. 'kSrku dks fdl ckr dk ?keaM Fkk\
d- mlls cM+k dksbZ Kkuh ugha gS [k- og Hkxoku dk lcls cM+k Hkä gS
x- og lalkj esa lcls 'kfä'kkyh gS ?k- mi;qä lHkh ckrksa dk
iii. vgadkj ds dkj.k dkSu Hkh[k ek¡x dj ej x;k\
d- jko.k [k- 'kSrku
x- 'kkgs:e ?k- lHkh
iv. lQy f[kykM+h dkSu gksrk gS\
d- tks ?keaM ugha djrk gS [k- tks bZ'oj dks ekurk gS
x- ftldk dksbZ fu'kkuk [kkyh ugha tkrk gS ?k- tks 'kfä'kkyh gksrk gS
v. dFku ¼A½ ;g le> yks fd rqe viuh esgur ls ugha ikl gq,] va/ks ds gkFk cVsj yx xbZA
dkj.k ¼B½ cVsj dsoy ,d ckj gkFk yxrh gS ckj&ckj ughaA
d- dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼B½ nksuksa ,d nwljs ds iwjd gSAa
[k- dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k B,d nwljs dh O;k[;k ugha djrs gSAa
x- dFku ¼A½ rFkk dkj.k ¼B½ nksuksa xyr gSA
?k- dFku ¼A½ lgh gS ijarq dkj.k ¼B½ mldh lgh O;k[;k ugha djrk gSA
IkkB & cM+s HkkbZ lkgc
iz 0 3 fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj fy[ksa %&
1- ^cM+s HkkbZ lkgc* ikB ds dFkkuk;d dh :fp fdu dk;ksaZ esa Fkh\
2- ^cqfu;kn gh iq[rk u gks] rks edku dSls ik;snkj cus*&vk'k; Li"V djsAa
3- NksVs HkkbZ ds eu esa cM+s HkkbZ ds izfr dSls Hkko jgrs Fks\ ikB ds vk/kkj ij Li"V djsAa
4- dgkuh dk lUns'k Li"V djsA
5- cMs+ HkkbZ lkgc us ftanxh ds vuqHko vkSj iqLrdh; Kku esa ls fdls vf/kd egRo fn;k\ D;ks\a
75
iz 0 4 fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj foLrkj ls fyf[k,%&
1- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dh LoHkko xr fo'ks"krk,¡ LIk"V djsAa
2- ikB esa lewph f'k{kk iz.kkyh ij O;aX; fd;k x;k gS\ D;k vki bl ckr ls lger gS\a ;fn gk¡ rks dSl\s
3- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dks vius eu dh bPNk,¡ nckuh D;ksa iM+rh Fkh\
4- NksVk HkkbZ cM+s ds uje O;ogkj dk D;k Q+k;nk mBkrk Fkk\
5- cM+s HkkbZ dh Mk¡V&QVdkj u feyrh rks D;k NksVk HkkbZ d{kk esa vOoy vk ikrk\ vius fopkj fy[ksAa
ikB & Mk;jh dk ,d iUuk
iz 0 5 d - fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,%&
1- vkt dk fnu fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk esa fdl izdkj vyx Fkk\
2- tqylw dks jksdus ds fy, D;k&D;k izc/a k fd, x, Fks\
3- ^;g ,d vksiu yM+kbZ FkhA* ys[kd us fdl yM+kbZ dks vksiu yM+kbZ dgk gS\
4- iqfyl us vkanksyu dkfj;ksa ds lkFk dSlk O;ogkj fd;k\
5- dkSfa ly dk uksfVl fdl ckr dks Li"V djrk gS\
6- vkt dk fnu fujkyk D;ksa Fkk\ ¼26 tuojh 1931½
[k- 1- nwljk Lor=rk fnol dydÙkkokfl;ksa ds fy, D;ksa egÙoiw.kZ Fkk\ bl fnu dks eukus ds fy, D;k & D;k rS;kfj;k¡
dh xbZ\
2- ys[kd dh ^Mk;jh dk ,d i`"B* Hkkoh ih<+h dks fdl izdkj izfs jr djrk gS\ Li"V dhft,A
IkkB & ^lk[kh* ¼dchj½
iz 0 6 fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks i<+dj iwNs x, ç'uksa ds mÙkj gsrq mfpr fodYi pquas &
,slh ok.kh cksfy, eu dk vkik [kksbA
viuk ru lhry djs]a vkSju dks lq[k gksbAA
lqf[k;k lc lalkj gS] [kk, v# lksoAs
nqf[k;k nkl dchj gS] tkxs v# jksoS AA
i. dfo dSlh ok.kh cksyus ij cy nsrs gS\a
d- e/kqj [k- Øks/k 'kkar djus okyh
x- vgadkj 'kwU; e/kqj ok.kh ?k- eu dks Hkkus okyh
ii. êu dk vkik [kksu*s dk D;k vk'k; gS\
d- eu dk fopfyr gksuk [k- Øks/k lekIr gksuk
x- nwljksa ds o'k esa gksuk ?k- vgadkj u"V gksuk
iii. lalkj esa lHkh dchj dh n`f"V esa lq[kh D;ksa gS\
d- D;ksfa d lHkh Kkuh gS
[k- D;ksfa d og lPps gSa
x- D;ksfa d mUgsa thou ds mís'; dk ;FkkFkZ Kku ugha gS
?k- D;ksfa d og çlUu gS
76
iv. dchj D;ksa tkxrs vkSj jksrs gS\a
d- mUgsa uhan ugha vkrh
[k- os lcdks lq[kh ns[k dj jksrs gSAa
x- mUgsa lekt dh fpark gS
?k- mUgsa thou dk ;FkkFkZ Kku gks pqdk gS A
v. dchj dh Hkk"kk -------------------- gS
d- laLd`r [k- [kM+h cksyh
x- l/kqddM+h ?k- czt
iz 0 7 fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj fy[ksa%&
d- dchj us ok.kh dh e/kqjrk ij D;ksa t+kjs fn;k gS\
[k- ^tc eSa Fkk rc gfj ugha* iafDr dk vk'k; Li"V djsAa
x- bZ'oj ds fojg esa HkDr dh D;k fLFkfr gks tkrh gS\
?k- dchj us Lo;a dks ^nqf[k;k* vkSj lkjs lalkj dks ^lqf[k;k* D;ksa dgk gS\ okLro esa lPPkk lq[k dgk¡ gS\
M+- dchj ds vuqlkj fUkUnd ls dSlk O;ogkj djuk pkfg,\
p- dchj ds ^jke* dkSu gS\ ;g lalkj ^jke* ds n'kZu D;ksa ugha dj ikrk gS\
Ikz08 fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj foLrkj ls nsa%&
d- dchj ds nksgksa dks ^lk[kh* D;ksa dgk tkrk gS\ D;k ;sa lkf[k;k¡ vkt Hkh izklafxd gS\ dSl\s
[k- dchj ?kj tykus dh ckr D;ksa dgrs gS\ ;gk¡ ^?kj* fdldk izrhd gS Li"V djsAa
x- dchj dh Hkk"kk&'kSyh dh fo'ks"krk,¡ Li"V djsAa
dfork vkRe=k.k
Ikz01 ^vkRe=k.k* dfork ewy :i ls fdlus fdl Hkk"kk esa fy[kh \
bl dfork ds vuqokn drkZ dkSu gS\
Ikz02 dfork esa dfo bZ'oj ls D;k çkFkZuk dj jgs gS\a
Ikz03 dfo dksbZ lgk;d u feyus ij D;k dkeuk djrs gS\a
Ikz04 vafre iafä;ksa esa dfo D;k vuqu; djrs gS\a
Ikz05 D;k ;g çkFkZuk xhr vU; çkFkZuk xhrksa ls fHkUu gS\ rks dSl\s
ikB ij vk/kkfjr oLrqfu"B iz'u & ¼cMs+ HkkbZ lkgc½
1- HkkbZ lkgc ds vuqlkj dSlh cqf) O;FkZ gS \
d- tks vkRe xkSjo dks ekj Mkys [k- i<?kbZ u djus ns
x- tks [ksy dwn esa yxh jgs ?k- mi;qä Z lHkh
¼da½ tks vkRe xkSjo dks ekj Mkys
77
2- ys[kd vkSj mlds HkkbZ dh vk;q esa fdruk varj Fkk\
d- 5 o"kZ [k- 7 o"kZ
x- 2 o"kZ ?k- 10 o"kZ
¼da½ 5 o"kZ
3- cqfu;kn ds iq[rk gksus ls D;k vk'k; gS \
d- uhao dk etcwr gksuk [k- i<?us okys dk etcwr gksuk
x- T;knk i<?uk ?k- mijksä dksbZ ugha
¼da½ uhao dk etcwr gksuk
4- HkkbZ lkgc fdl ekeys esa tYnckth ugha djrs Fks \
d- [ksy dwn es [k- yM+us es
x- f'k{kk ds ekeys es ?k- fu.kZ; ysus ds ckjs esa
¼x½ f'k{kk ds ekeys es
5- ys[kd dks HkkbZ lkgc dh ckrsa vPNh D;ksa ugha yxrh Fkh \
d- D;ksfa d ys[kd vOoy ntsZ esa ikl gqvk Fkk [k- HkkbZ lkfgc Qsy gks x, Fks
x- HkkbZ lkfgc mins'k nsrs Fks ?k- mi;qä Z lHkh
¼?k½ mi;qä
Z lHkh
6- volj feyrs gh ys[kd dkSu ls dke djrk Fkk \
d- pkjnhokjh ij p<rk mrjrk Fkk [k- dkxt dh frrfy;k¡ mM+krk Fkk
x- dadj mNkyrk Fkk ?k- mi;qä
Z lHkh
¼?k½ mi;qä
Z lHkh
7- ys[kd ds fny ds VqdMs fdl ckr ij gks tkrs Fks \
d- irax dVus ls [k- [ksy esa gkj tkus ls
x- Qsy gksus gksus ls ?k- HkkbZ lkfgc ds mins'k lquus ls
¼?k½ HkkbZ lkfgc ds mins'k lquus ls
8- ys[kd ds Vkbe&Vsfcy esa D;k ugha gksrk Fkk
d- i<?kbZ [k- Vgyuk
x- vaxtsz h dh i<?kbZ ?k- [ksy&dwn
¼?k½ [ksy&dwn
9- edku ik;snkj dSls curk gS\
d- cqfu;kn iq[rk gksus ij [k- vf/kd ljh;k Mkyus ij
x- lhesVa vPNk gksus ij ?k- bZVa etcwr gksus ij
¼d½ cqfu;kn iq[rk gksus ij
78
10- ys[kd dks D;k igkM+ tSlk yxrk Fkk \
d- ,d ?kaVk fdrkc ysdj cSBuk [k- ekSteLrh djuk
x- [ksyuk ?k- mi;qäZ lHkh
11- HkkbZ lkgc fdl dyk es fuiq.k Fks \
d- [ksyksa esa [k- i<+us esa
x- dUps [ksyus esa ?k- mins'k nsus dh dyk esa
¼?k½ mins'k nsus dh dyk esa
12- ys[kd ds çk.k dc lw[k tkrs Fks \
d- ç/kkuk/;kid dks ns[kdj [k- cM?s HkkbZ lkgc dk jkSæ :i ns[kdj
x- i<?kbZ ds ikBîØe dks ns[kdj ?k- mi;qäZ lHkh
¼x½ cMs HkkbZ lkgc dk jkSæ :i ns[kdj
¼Mk;jh dk ,d iUkk½
1- iqfyl dfe'uj us D;k uksfVl fudkyk Fkk \
d- Økafrdkfjvksa dks lHkk u djus dh lykg dk [k- Økafrdkfjvksa lgkuqHkwfr dk
x- Økafrdkfjvksa ds lg;ksx dk ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼da½ Økafrdkfjvksa dks lHkk u djus dh lykg dk
2- yksx vius&vius edkuksa o lkoZtfud LFkyksa ij jk"Vªh; >aMk Qgjkdj fdl ckr dk ladrs nsuk pkgrs Fks\
d- HkkbZpkjs dh Hkkouk [k- ns'k Hkfä dh Hkkouk
x- la?k"kZ dh Hkkouk ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼[k½ ns'k Hkfä dh Hkkouk
3- fdl –'; dks ns[k dj vk¡[k fep tkrh Fkh \
d- iqfyl ds vR;kpkj dks ns[k dj [k- iqfyl dks ns[k dj
x- Økafrdkfj;ksa dks ns[k dj ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼da½ iqfyl ds vR;kpkj dks ns[k dj
4- tqylw vkSj /otkjksg.k dks jksdus ds fy, iqfyl us D;k fd;k \
d- gqMn+ xa epk;k [k- xksj[ks vkSj lkjtsVa rSukr dj fn,
x- xouZj tujy dksydkrk igq¡ps ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼[k½ xksj[ks vkSj lkjtsVa rSukr dj fn,
5- tqylw ds yky cktkj vkus ij yksxks dk D;k gky gqvk \
d- cqjk gky [k- ykfB;k¡ cjlh
x- tqylw ,d cM?h HkhM? cu x;k ?k- mi;qäZ lHkh
¼?k½ mi;qä Z lHkh
79
6- dksydkrk ds uke ij dkSu&lk dyad yxk Fkk\
d- ogk¡ lc vkylh gSa [k- ogk¡ dksbZ f'kf{kr ugha jgrk
x- ogk¡ Lora=rk dk dksbZ dke ugha gks ldrk ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼x½ ogk¡ Lora=rk dk dksbZ dke ugha gks ldrk
7- /keZ rYys ds eksM+ ij vkdj tqylw D;ksa VwV x;k \
d- iqfyl dh ykfB;ksa ds dkj.k [k- HkhM+ ds dkj.k
x- buesa ls dksbZ ugha ?k- mi;qä Z lHkh
¼da½ iqfyl dh ykfB;ksa ds dkj.k
8- dkSfa ly dk uksfVl vaxtsz ljdkj ds fy, D;k Fkk \
d- [kqyh pqukSrh [k- /kedh
x- ,d fuosnu ?k- mi;qä
Z lHkh
¼da½ [kqyh pqukSrh
9- lqHkk"k ckcw ds tywl dk Hkkj fdl ij Fkk \
d- iw.kksnZ kl ij [k- fL=;ks ij
x- iqfyl ij ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼da½ iw.kksnZ kl ij
10- /keZrYys ds eksM+ ij D;k gqvk\
d- gqMn+ xa ep x;k [k- yksx ?kweus yxs
x- tqylq VwV x;k ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼x½ tqylq VwV x;k
¼lk[kh½
1- ehBh ok.kh dk nwljksa ij D;k çHkko iM?rk gS\
d- nwljksa dks nq[k nsrh gS [k- nwljksa dk vga lekIr gksrk gS
x- lq[k nsuos kyh gksrh gS ?k- ykHk igqp¡ kusokyh gksrh gS
¼x½ lq[k nsuos kyh gksrh gS
2- êu dk vkik [kksu*s dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
d- eu dk [kks tkuk [k- vius vki esa [kksuk
x- vgadkj dks R;kxuk ?k- vgadkj dks viukuk
¼x½ vgadkj dks R;kxuk
3- dfo us euq"; dks dSlh ok.kh cksyus dh çsj.kk nh gS\
d- tks gesa çlUurk ns [k- tks [kqf'k;k¡ yk,
x- tks Lo;a dks Hkqyk ns ?k- tks e/kqj gks
¼?k½ tks e/kqj gks
80
4- ^vkSju dkSa lq[k gksb* iafä dk ç;ksx fdl vFkZ esa fd;k x;k gS\
d- e/kqj ok.kh lquusokys dks lq[k çnku djrh gS [k- e/kqj ok.kh lquus ls lq[k vkSj c<? tkrk gS
x- e/kqj ok.kh lqudj nq[k nwj gks tkrs gSa ?k- e/kqj ok.kh ijk;ksa dks Hkh viuk cuk ysrh gS
¼da½ e/kqj ok.kh lquusokys dks lq[k çnku djrh gS
5- ru ds 'khry gksus dk D;k vfHkçk; gS\
d- 'kjhj dk BaMk gksuk [k- ej tkuk
x- lq[k vkSj 'kkafr vuqHko djuk ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼x½ lq[k vkSj 'kkafr vuqHko djuk
6- dLrwjh D;k gS\
d- lqxfa /kr æO; tks e`x dh ukfHk esa ik;k tkrk gSA [k- lqxfa /kr rsy tks nqdkuksa ij feyrk gSA
x- dLrwjh ,d o`{k dk uke gSA ?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼da½ lqxfa /kr æO; tks e`x dh ukfHk esa ik;k tkrk gSA
7- e`x ou&ou D;k [kkstrk fQjrk gS\
d- dLrwjh [k- lqx/a k
x- bZ'oj ?k- çse
¼da½ dLrwjh
8- e`x dLrwjh dks ou esa D;ksa <w¡<?rk fQjrk gS\
d- og mldh lqx/a k ls mUeÙk gks tkrk gS
[k- mls ;g vglkl ugha gksrk fd dLrwjh mlh dh ukfHk esa gS
x- og lksprk gS fd dLrwjh ou esa gh feysxh
?k- mi;qä Z lHkh
¼?k½ mi;qä Z lHkh
9- e`x fdldk çrhd gS\
d- vKkuh tho dk [k- vk/;kfRed tho dk
x- Hkä dk ?k- Hkz"V O;fä dk
¼d½ vKkuh tho dk
10- ^?kfV&?kfV jke gS* ds ek/;e ls dfo D;k dguk pkgrs gS\
d- jke ?kVrk jgrk gS
[k- ijekRek gj euq"; ds ân; esa fuokl djrs gSa
x- ijekRek ?kMs+ esa fuokl djrs gSa
?k- buesa ls dksbZ ugha
¼[k½ ijekRek gj euq"; ds ân; esa fuokl djrs gSa
81
11- êS*a dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
d- Lo;a [k- [kqn
x- dchj ?k- vgadkj
¼?k½ vgadkj
12- ^lc v¡f/k;kjk fefV x;k* dk ç;ksx fdl vFkZ esa fd;k x;k gS\
d- ?kuk v¡/ksjk [k- fo"k;&okluk :ih va/kdkj
x- eksg&ek;k :ih va/kdkj ?k- vKku :ih va/kdkj
¼?k½ vKku :ih va/kdkj
¼vkRe=k.k½
1- dfork esa ^d#.kke;* 'kCn fdlds fy, vk;k gS\
d- dfo [k- ys[kd
x- bZ'oj ?k- mi;qäZ esa ls dksbZ ugha
¼x½ bZ'oj
2- foifÙk iM?us ij dfo D;k pkgrk gS\
d- bZ'oj }kjk —ik [k- lq[k
x- foinkvksa ls cpuk ?k- foifÙk ls u Mjuk
¼?k½ foifÙk ls u Mjuk
3- dfo foink ls cpkus dh çkFkZuk D;ksa ugha djrk\
d- foink,¡ vkuk LokHkkfod gS [k- foink,¡ çHkq dh nsu gSa
x- LokfHkeku ds dkj.k ?k- fouezrk ds dkj.k
¼x½ LokfHkeku ds dkj.k
4- dfo dh çkFkZuk lkekU; :i ls dh xbZ yksxksa dh çkFkZuk ls fdl çdkj fHkUu gS \
d- bZ'oj ls dke laiUu djokuk pkgrs gSa [k- bZ'oj ls la?k"kZ djus dh 'kfä pkgrs gSa
x- Lo;a vius cy ij dke djuk pkgrs gSa ?k- bZ'oj ls eqlhcrsa nwj djokuk pkgrs gSa
¼[k½ bZ'oj ls la?k"kZ djus dh 'kfä pkgrs gSa
5- dfo lh/ks nq[k nwj djus dh çkFkZuk D;ksa ugha dj jgk\
d- D;ksfa d mls Mj yxrk gS
[k- D;ksfa d og vius vkRecy] 'kfä vkSj lkgl ls dke ysuk pkgrk gS
x- D;ksfa d bZ'oj esa fo'okl ugha gS
?k- D;ksfa d viuh le> fn[kkuk pkgrk gS
¼[k½ D;ksfa d og vius vkRecy] 'kfä vkSj lkgl ls dke ysuk pkgrk gS
82
6- dfo bZ'oj ls LoLFk jgus dh çkFkZuk D;ksa dj jgk gS\
d- fujksx jgdj yksxksa dh lsok djus ds fy,
[k- fujksx jgdj ?kjokyksa dks lq[k nsus ds fy,
x- fujksx jgdj ijekRek esa /;ku yxkus ds fy,
?k- fujksx jgdj viuh dfBukb;k¡ nwj dj la?k"kZ djus ds fy,
¼?k½ fujksx jgdj viuh dfBukb;k¡ nwj dj la?k"kZ djus ds fy,
7- dfo ijekRek ls lkaRouk D;ksa ugha pkgrk\
d- D;ksfa d dfo dks ijekRek ij fo'okl ugha gS [k- D;ksfa d dfo n;k dh Hkh[k ugha ek¡xuk pkgrk
x- D;ksfa d dfo ds vuqlkj lkaRouk ls nq[k de ugha gksrs ?k- D;ksfa d dfo nq[k dks eglwl djuk pkgrk gS
¼?k½ D;ksfa d dfo nq[k dks eglwl djuk pkgrk gS
8- dfo lq[k ds fnuksa esa D;k pkgrk gS\
d- lq[k ds fnuksa esa Hkh bZ'oj&Lej.k djuk pkgrk gS [k- vkjke djuk pkgrk gS
x- bZ'oj dh —ik ugha pkgrk
¼d½ lq[k ds fnuksa esa bZ'oj&Lej.k ugha djuk pkgrk
¼da½ lq[k ds fnuksa esa Hkh bZ'oj&Lej.k djuk pkgrk gS
lap;u ¼iwjd iqfLrdk½
gfjgj dkdk
Ikz01 gfjgj dkdk vkSj ys[kd ds chp dSls lac/a k gSa Li"V djsAa
Ikz02 ^Bkdqjckjh* dk ikB ds vk/kkj ij o.kZu djs\a
Ikz03 egar th us gfjgj dkdk dh fdl çdkj vkoHkxr dh\
Ikz04 gfjgj dkdk dks egar vkSj vius HkkbZ ,d gh Js.kh ds D;ksa yxus yxs\
Ikz05 vui<+ gksrs gq, Hkh gfjgj dkdk nqfu;k dh csgrj le> j[krs gSa dSls dg ldrs gS\a
Ikz06 gfjgj dkdk dh pkfjf=d fo'ks"krk,¡ Li"V djsa vkSj crk,¡ fd vki gfjgj dkdk ds O;fäRo dks fdl :i esa vk¡drs gSa
Ikz07 gfjgj dkdk dgkuh lekt ds fdu igyqvksa dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kZr djrh gS\
Ikz08 lekt esa fj'rksa dh D;k vgfe;r gS bl fo"k; ij vius fopkj çdV djs\a
[k.M & ?k
1- vuqNsn ys[ku &
• vktknh dk vkxkt &
• 1857 dh Økafr
• egkiq#"kksa dk ;ksxnku
• vktknh dk egRo
83
2- ukjh rw ukjk;.kh&
• ukjh dk lEeku
• ukjh 'kfä :ik
• vk/kqfud ukjh
3- lkaçnkf;d lkSgknZ&
• fganw eqfLye ,drk
• vkidh HkkbZpkjk
• lkEçnkf;drk dk egRo
i= ys[ku &
1- iM+kls esa vkx yxus dh nq?kZVuk dh [kcj rqjra fn, tkus ij Hkh nedy vf/kdkjh vkSj iqfyl nsj ls igq¡ps ftlls vkx us
Hkh"k.k :i ys fy;kA blds ckjs esa fooj.k lfgr ,d f'kdk;rh i= vius ftyk vf/kdkjh dks fyf[k,A
2- ijh{kk ds fnuksa esa fo|qr vkiwfrZ fu;fer u gksus ls gks jgh dfBukb;ksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, fo|qr çnk; laLFkku ds eq[;
çcU/kd dks rqjUr bls Bhd djus dk vuqjks/k dhft,A
84
fnYyh ifCyd Ldwy] Qjhnkckn
n'keh d{kk
laLd`r vfrfjDr dk;Ze~ 2023&2024
bdkbZ & 1
[k.M ^^d**
¼vifBrokpue~ ½
Note : Subject to change as per CBSE updates
iz 0 1 fuEufyf[krku~ va'kku~ ifBRok iz'uku~ mÙkjr
d- orZeku;qxa l³~x.kd;qxe~ vfLrA v|Ros l³~x.kdL; ç;ksx% çR;sd {ks=s orZrsA v| uohuS% oSKkfudS% vkfo"-rs"kq lkèkus"kq
l³~x.kd;U=e~ vfregÙoiw.kZe~ mi;ksfx p vfLrA tukuka efLr"ds ;s fopkjk% Le`fr:is.k LFkkI;Urs rs ,dfLeu~ ,o
l³~x.kd;U=s nÙkka'k:is.k ¼data½ ØwMhdrq± ¼coding½ 'kD;UrsA vr% lEçfr dkys l³~x.kd;U=L; xfjek fnus fnus oèkZekuk
vfLrA l³~x.kd;U=s vR;Ura çeq[kk% cgwi;ksfxu% p fo"k;k% lax`ghrk% HkofUrA ;fn fØfeços'ksu ¼virus½ l³~x.kd;U=a
nks"kiw.k± Hkofr psr~ rÆg nÙkka'kk% iqu% u yHkUrsA bea nks"k fuokjf;rqa uwrua rU=Kkue~ vèkquk *lsVh VsDuksy‚th* bfr laLFk;k
vfHkoÆèkre~A l³~x.kd;U=eso fou"Va psnfi vUrtkZy}kjk ¼internet½ foÜos·fLeu~ ;= dq=kfi rs va'kk% iquxzZghrqa
'kD;UrsA bna JqRok ,o firq% us=s mn~?kkfVrsA l% nwokZdrZue~ R;DRok iq=s.k lg x`ga xroku~A
v- ,dinsu mÙkjr %&
d- dL; xfjek fnus fnus oèkZekuk vfLr\
[k- fØfeços'ka fuokjf;rqa dk laLFkk vfLr\
x- l³~x.kd;U=e~ v| dS% oSKkfudS% vkfo"-rEk~\
vk- iw.kZokD;su mÙkjr %&
d- tukuka efLr"ds fopkjk% dsu :is.k LFkkI;Urs\
[k- dsu l³~x.kd;U=a nks"kiw.k± Hkofr\
x- dsu fou"Vk% va'kk% iquxzgZ hrqa 'kD;Urs\
b- iznÙkfodYisH;;%% mfpre~ mÙkja funs Z ' kkuq l kja fpRok fy[kr %&
1- *vfLr* bR;L;k% fØ;k;k% drìZ na fdEk~\
¼d½ fopkjk% ¼[k½ l³~x.kd;U=e~ ¼x½ fo"k;% ¼?k½ fou"Vk%
2- *uwrue~ rU=KkuEk~* vu;ks% in;ks% fo'ks"k.ka fdEk~\
¼d½ uwrue~ ¼[k½ çkphue~ ¼x½ rU=Kkue~ ¼?k½ ØwMhdrqeZ ~
3- *bUVjusV* bR;L; inL; d% i;kZ;% v= vkxr%\
¼d½ l³~x.kde~ ¼[k½ ladyue~ ¼x½ vUrtkZye~ ¼?k½ ØwMhdrqeZ ~
4- vuqPNsns îqjkrua inL; d% foi;Z;% vkxr%\
¼d½ jRue~ ¼[k½ uwrue~ ¼x½ fou"Ve~ ¼?k½ l³~x.kd;U=e~
bZ - vL; vuqPNsnL; d`rs mi;qäa 'kh"kZda laLd`rsu fy[krA
64
64
[k- v/kksfyf[kre~ vuqPNsna ifBRok iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[krA
,dfLeu~ xzkes ,d% prqj% d`"kd% volr~A rL; ,dks·'o% vklhr~A df'pr~ pkSj% re'oeikgjr~A ;nk vlkS d`"kd% vU;e'oa Øsreq ~
vki.kxePNr~ rnk l% r= viâre'oe~ vi';r~A ß,"k% rq eeSo v'o%Þ bfr fopk;Z l% d`"kd% mPpS% vonr~ & ßHkks tuk%A ,"k% ee
v'oks·fLrA ;% ,rL; foØsrk·fLr l% oLrqr% pkSj%AÞ rnk pkSj.s kkfi mPpS#Dre~ & ß,"k% v'o% tUeu% izHk`fr e;k Lo{ks=s ikfyr%A dnkfpr~
,"k% ro v'osu ln`'k% L;kr~AÞ rr% l% d`"kd% lRoja LogLrkH;ke~ v'oL; us=koj.ka d`Rok pkSje~ vi`PNr~ & ß;fn Ro;k ,"kks·'o% tUeu%
izHk`fr ikfyr% rfgZ dFk; dsu us=.s k dk.k% ,"kks·'o%\Þ pkSj.s kksDre~&ßnf{k.ksu us=.s k dk.k% vfLrAÞ d`"kd% mPpS% vi`PNr~&ßvjs! fda nf{k.ksufs r
Roa onflA pkSj% laHkzkUr% lu~ vonr~ ßu u] okesu us=.s k dk.k% vfLrAÞ rr% vlkS d`"kd% v'oL; us=kH;ka LogLrkS viku;r~ vdFk;Pp&ßHkks
tuk%! ,"kks·'o% dsukfi us=.s k dk.k% ukfLrA vr% ,rr~ fl) uS"k% v'oL; Lokeh vfirq pkSj%A f/kz;rkes"k%AÞ
v- ,dinsu mÙkjr &
d- pkSj% de~ vikgjr~\
[k- v'oL; foØsrk d% vklhr~\
x- v'o% dsu dk.k% ukfLr\
vk- iw.kZokD;su mÙkjr &
d- d`"kd% fdeFkZe~ vki.ke~ vxPNr~\
[k- HkzkUr% pkSj% fde~ vonr~\
x- vki.ks d`"kd% mPpS% fde~ vonr~\
b- funsZ'kkuqlkje~ mÙkjr &
d- ^vdFk;r~* bfr fØ;kinL; drZi` na fpRok fy[krA
¼i½a v'o% ¼ii½ pkSj% ¼iii½ d`"kd% ¼iv½ lk/kq%
[k- ^;fn Ro;k ,"kks·'o% tUeu% izHk`fr ikfyr%* v= Ro;k bfr ina dLeS iz;Dq re~\
¼i½ v'ok; ¼ii½ pkSjk; ¼iii½ d`"kdk; ¼iv½ fHk{kqdk;
x- ^'kh?kze*~ bfr inL; i;kZ;ina fpRok fy[krA
¼i½ lRoje~ ¼ii½ fujUrje~ ¼iii½ mPpS% ¼iv½ vuqdyw e~
?k- nf{k.ksu bfr inL; fda fo'ks";ine~\
¼i½ pkSj% ¼ii½ us=.s k ¼iii½ d`"kd% ¼iv½ ;kpd%
bZ - vL; x|ka'kL; mfpra 'kh"kZda fy[krA

65
65
[k.M ^^[k**
¼jpukRed&dk;Z e ~ ½
iz 0 2 d - lqdU;k dksydkrkuxjs Nk=kokls fuolfr A lk fo|ky;r% 'kSf{kdHkze.kkFk± HkqousÜoja xUrqe~ bPNfrA ,rnFkZe~ vuqeÇr
jkf'k p çkIrqa lk uofnYyhLFka firja çfr i=e~ ,da fy[kfrA e¥~tw"kkr% inkfu fofpR; i=s fjäLFkkukfu iwj;UrqA
Nk=kokl%
jktdh;% fo|ky;% ¼d½ &&&&&&&&&
frfFk% &&&&&&&&&
ekuuh;k% firò;kZ%]
lknja ç.kekfe A
Hkor% i= çkIre~A ee ¼[k½ &&&&&&& ijh{kk lekIrkA ijh{kki=kf.k vfr'kksHkukfu tkrkfuA ;kor~ ijh{kkifj.kke% vkxPNfr rkor~ vkxkfeeklL;
çFkelIrkgs ¼x½ &&&&&&&& fo|ky;L; vè;kfidk% 'kSf{kdHkze.kk; ¼?k½ &&&&&&&&& xfe";fUrA vge~ vfi rkfHk% ¼³½ &&&&&&&&&
xUrqe~ bPNkfeA ,rnFkZe~ e;k d{kkè;kfidk;S ¼p½ &&&&&&&&& :I;dkf.k nkrO;kfu lfUrA vr% ;fn vuqefr% ¼N½ &&&&&&&&] rÆg vge~
vfi xPNs;e~A KkuoèkZukFkZe~ ,rr~ vfrfjP; volja u i';kfeA vr% dì;k mi;qä Z ka jkÇ'k çs"kf;Rok eke~ vuqxg` hrka dqoUZ rqA losHZ ;% ee
¼t½ &&&&&&&& fuosnuh;k% A
Hkorka fç;k ¼>½ &&&&&&&&&
lqdU;k
i=os"Vue~
lfoèks
Jh ç.koHkêkpk;Z% 26- fprj¥~tuikdZ%
uofnYyh ¼¥½ &&&&&&&&&
e´tw"kk & ç.kkek%] lg] dksydkrkr%] L;kr~] i¥~p'kre~] 110019] HkqousÜoje~] çFkel=h;k] ee] iq=h
[k- lkSE;% fnYyh uxjs olfrA rL; fe=a lqefr% vleçns'ks olfrA lkSE;su x.krU=fnolL; 'kksHkk;k=k;ka Hkkx%
x`ghr%A l% LokuqHkoku~ Lofe=a lqeÇr çfr i=s fy[kfrA e¥~tw"kkr% inkfu fofpR; i=a iwj;Urq A
,&14] olUrfogkj%
uofnYyhr%
frfFk% &&&&&&&&
fç;lf[k lqers]
¼d½ &&&&&&&&&
v= dq'kya r=kLrq vga ¼[k½ &&&&&&&&& lTtk;ka O;Lr% vkle~A vr% foyEcsu ro i=L; mÙkja nnkfeA vfLeu~ o"ksZ e;kfi x.krU=fnolL;
'kksHkk;k=k;ka Hkkx% ¼x½ &&&&&&&&& vLekda fo|ky;L; ¼?k½ &&&&&&&&& jktiFks Lodyk;k% çn'kZue~ vdjksrA~ vga xjoku`R;L; ¼³½
&&&&&&&&& vkle~ Nk=k.kka jk"VªxkuL; vkstLoh èofu% ¼p½ &&&&&&&&& xqfTtre~ vdjksrA~ Lojk"VªL; lSU;cykuka ijkØeçn'kZukfu]
fofp=o.kkZfu ifj-';kfu ¼N½ &&&&&&&& p n`"V~ok vga xkSjokfUor% vfLeA ¼t½ &&&&&&&& ckY;koLFkk;k% LoIu% r= iw.kZ% tkr%A ¼>½
&&&&&&&&& oUnuh;kSA
HkoR;k% ¼´½ &&&&&&&&
lkSE;%
lfoèks
lqJh lqefr%
98] HkorkjekxZ% vleçns'k% & 533277
e´tw"kk & firjkS] x`ghr%] ueLrs] ee] lqn jktiFke~] ok|oÙne~] yksdu`R;kfu x.krU=fnollekjksgL;] çeq[k& l¥~pkyd%A
66
66
iz 0 3 d- e¥~tw"kkçnÙkS% 'kCnS% ØhMk{ks=L; o.kZua i¥~pokD;s"kq dq#rA
e¥~ t w " kk
firjkS] x`ghr%] ueLrs] ee] lqn jktiFke~] ok|oÙne~] yksdu`R;kfu x.krU=fnollekjksgL;] çeq[k& l¥~pkyd%A
[k- e¥~tw"kkr% inkfu fofpR; i¥~pokD;s"kq ,de~ vuqPNsna fy[krA
e¥~ t w " kk
dUnqde~] èkkoue~] ?kks"k.kka] ØhMkè;kid%] Nk=k%] i';] çèkkukpk;Z%] iqjLdkjk.kka] vkuUnsu] brLrr%] Hkze]~ eXuk%] fØdsVØhMke~A
x- e¥~tw"kkr% inkfu fofpR; i¥~pokD;s"kq ,de~ vuqPNsna fy[krA
ee tuuh
e¥~ t w " kk
prqokZnus] ,dkdh] çfrosf'kuka] fLuáfr] efgyk] foKkuL;] ifjJeh] ef;] djksfr] vfLe] vè;ki;frA
?k- ee thouL; mís';e~
e¥~ t w " kk
çfl)laxhrxk;dL;] vge~] i¥~po"kÊ;%] jksprs] bPNkfe] laxhrJo.ks] eáe~] vkjCèke~] Loxq#]a laxhrf'k{kd:is] HkSjohjkx%A
iz 0 4 fuEunÙkkfu fp=kf.k n`"V~ok fp=a o.kZ;u~ laLd`rsu p¥~p okD;kfu fy[krA
d-
e¥~t"w kk & xq#dqye~] f'k";k%] dqVhje~] [kxk%] ljf.k% mifo'kfr] ikB;fr] iBfUr] o`{k%] ioZr%
[k-
e¥~t"w kk & u|ke~] o`{kkS] ckykS] jtd%] Lukr%] 'kq";fUr] {kky;fr f'kykiêds] je.kh;%] oèkZ;fr] ioZr%] oL=kf.k
67
67
x-
e¥~t"w kk & mì;Urs] Nk=e~] dwikr~] frlz% efgyk% ik;;fr] dkd%] xxus] [kxk%] tya] o`{kL;] ,dk efgyk] jT;k çrh{ksr]s fu"dkl;fr] mifj efgys
iz 0 5 e¥~tw"kkr% mi;qäinkfu x`ghRok vè;;ufo"k;s firkiq=;ks% laokna iwj;rqA
firk% & jes'k ! ro dFka çpyfr\
jes'k% & gs fir%! vè;;ua rq çpyfrA
firk% & dks·fi fo"k;% ,rk-'k% vfLr ;fLeu~ Roa vuqHkofl\
jes'k% & vkEk~! ee fLFkfr% lE;d~ ukfLr A ;rksfg vLekda fo|ky;s bnkuÈ xf.krL; ukfLrA
firk% & Roa iwo± rq eke~ vfLeUk~ u mäoku~ !
jes'k% & iwo± rq vè;kid&egksn;% vklhr~ ija ,deklkr~ iwoeZ os rL; vU;= vHkor~A
firk% & vLrqA vga ro d`rs x`gs ,o xf.krkè;kidL; dfj";kfeA
jes'k% & èkU;oknk%A
e¥~t"w kk & vè;kid%] fo"k;s] xf.krs] O;oLFkka] LFkkukUrj.ke~] vè;;ua] lehphua] dkfBU;e~A
iz 0 6 e¥~tw"kk;ka çnÙkinS% ^t;iqjHkze.kEk~* bfr fo"k;s fe=;ks% ijLija okrkZykia iwj;rqA
fouksn% & vafdr! Üo% Hkoku~ dq= xfe";fr \
vafdr% & vga &&&&&& xfe";kfe A
fouksn% & r= fdefi dk;± orZrs \ vFkok &&&&&& ,o xPNfr \
vafdr% & dk;± ukfLr] vga rq &&&&&& lg Hkze.kkFk± xPNkfeA
fouksn% & t;iqjs dq=&dq= Hkze.kL; &&&&&& vfLr\
vafdr% & o;a r= vkesj&nqx±] t;x<+nxq ]Z xksfoUnnso&efUnja p &&&&&&A
fouksn% & r= ukgjx<+&nqxeZ fi i';rq A rnfi &&&&&& vfLr A
vafdr% & ;fn le;% vof'k"V% Hkfo";fr rÆg fu'p;su r= xfe";ke% A
fouksn% & ck<a fe=! ueLrs! bnkuhe~ vga xPNkfeA lkseokljs vkoka iqu% fefy";ko%A rnk &&&&&& okrkZykia dfj";ko%A
etw"kk& fe=S%] t;iqj]a dk;ZØe%] n'kZuh;e~] ;k=kuqHkofo"k;s] æ{;ke%] n'kZuk;
68
68
[k.M ^^x**
¼vuq ç ;q D r O;kdj.ke~ ½
iz 0 7 leklL; fofo/kiz d kjk% lfUrA
rRiq # "k%
dLekr~ irfr rr~\ ,"k% d%\

o`{kifrre~ rr~A jktiq#"k%A
o`{kkr~ ifrre~ rr~A vksg! jkt% iq#"k%A
dhn`'k% tu% l%\ l% dL; iwtka djksfr\

/kughu%A l% bZ'ojiwtka djksfrA
/kusu ghu% l%A vksg! bZ'ojL; iwtke~ djksfr l%A
69
69
,"kk dk vfLr\ l% dfLeu~ dq'ky%\
,"kk ikd'kkyk vfLrA l% ;q)dq'ky%A
,"kk ikdk; 'kkyk vfLrA vke~ l% ;q)s dq'ky% vfLrA
iz 0 8 lekl mfpre~ mÙkja fpRok fy[kr &
d- l% fo|kfoghu% vfLrA
¼i½ fo|;k foghu% ¼ii½ fo|k;k% foghu% ¼iii½ fo|k foghu% ¼iv½ fo|k;ke~ foghu%
[k- l% nsoiwtka djksfrA
¼i½ nsoe~ iwtke~ ¼ii½ nsous iwtke~ ¼iii½ nsoL; iwtke~ ¼iv½ nsos iwtke~
x- l% ;q)fuiw.k% vfLrA
¼i½ ;q) fuiw.k% ¼ii½ ;q)s fuiq.k% ¼iii½ ;q)us fuiq.k% ¼iv½ ;q)L; fuiq.k%
?k- v'oifrr% l% jksnfrA
¼i½ v'osu ifrr% ¼ii½ v'oL; ifrr% ¼iii½ v'okr~ ifrr% ¼iv½ v'oe~ ifrr%
M+- l% nsoiwtk;ka layXu% vfLrA
¼i½ nsoe~ iwtk;ke~ ¼ii½ nsous iwtk;ke~ ¼iii½ nsoL; iwtk;ke~ ¼iv½ nsokr~ iwtk;ke~
iz 0 9 f}rh;r% lIrehi;ZUr rRiq#"kleklsu fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
70
70
iz 0 10 v/;kid% Nk=ku~ prq " kq Z oxs Z " kq foHkT; iz R ;s d &oxkZ ; v/kks f yf[kr&foxz g inkfu leklinkfu ok Nk=s H ;% nkL;fr
Nk=k% ,dS d L; foxz g inL; lekla ] lkekfldinL; foxz g a d` R ok mfpra ine~ mÙkjiq f Lrdk;ka ys f [k";fUrA
1- dkfynkl&oxZ % 2- Hkkl&oxZ %
lk/kwuke~ o`fÙk% x`gL; vkH;Urjs
okfp iVq% Qysu iwfjr%
d`".ke~ vkfJr% v/;;uk; 'kkyk
fo'ofl)e~ o`{k'kk[kk%
lq[kkiUu% fo".kq=krk%
jktiq#"k% ;qf/kf"Bj%
3 - ikf.kfu&oxZ % 4- dkR;k;u&oxZ %
dkdL; /ofu% ljl% rhje~
likZ.kke~ Hk{kd% Kkusu lee~
flagkr~ Hkhr% pkSjkn~ Hk;e~
uhfrfuiq.k% dqfUrlqrk%
ujdifrr% lq[k;qDr%
okDdyg% nsocfy%
iz 0 11 v/;kid% Nk=ku~ prq"kqZ oxsZ"kq foHkT; izR;sd&oxkZ; v/kksfyf[kr&foPNsninkfu lfU/kinkfu ok Nk=sH;% nkL;fr Nk=k%
,dSdL; foPNsninL; lfU/ka] lfU/kinL; foPNsna d`Rok mfpra ine~ mÙkjiqfLrdk;ka ysf[k";fUrA
1- okYehfd&oxZ % 2- HkrZ ` g fj&oxZ %
vtUr% izdj.ke~A xq#% od~$nkua djksfrA
fnd~$Hkzfer% tu%A txTtuuh j{kka djksrqA
n`<+ l³~dYiYia d#A okxh'k% okpa j{ksr~A
"kV~$jlk% HkofUrA fgU|ka rr~$Hko% 'kCnk% lfUrA
fpUe;a czge~ lokZu~ j{ksrA~ lUekxZL; vkpj.ka dq#A
3- Hkkjfo&oxZ % 4- ek?k&oxZ %
d`".ka oUns txn~xq#e~A txnh'k% lgk;d% Hkosr~A
'kjn`rkS nwxkZitw k HkofrA lr~$efr% Nk=%A
_d~$osn% izFke% xzUFk%A "k..kofr% Nk=k%A
m|kua ek xPNA iBuL; fde~ mr~$ns';e~\
Hkorke~ mRk~$u;ua HkosrA~ "k.eq[k% dkfrZds;%A
oxFkkSZ bo lEi`DrkSA vga ;q"ekda mr~$Toya Hkfo";a Ik';kfe
iz 0 12 ;r~ mÙkje~ 'kq)e~ vfLr rr~ ph;rke~A
d- ,"kk ¼ekl$Bd~½ if=dk vfLrA
1- ekfldh 2- eklhfd 3- ekfldk 4- ekflde~
[k- ¼guq$erqi½~ jkeHkDr% vklhr~A
1- guqeku~ 2- guqeku 3- guqeku% 4- guqer%
x- ¼vkRek$Bd~½ dk;± dq#A
1- vkfReda 2- vkfRed% 4- vkfRedh 4- vkfRed
71
71
?k- o;a ¼lekt$Bd~½ dk;± dqe%Z A
1- lkekftde~ 2- lektd 3- lekftd 4- lkekftdh
³- ;Fkk ¼Qyoku~½ o`{k% Hkofr rFkSo xq.koku~ tu% vfi HkofrA
1- Qy$oku~ 2- Qy$erqi~ 3- Qy$Bd~ 4- Qy$er~
p- ee ns'k% ¼'kfDr$erqi½~ HkosrA~
1- 'kfDreUr% 2- 'kfDreku~ 3- 'kfDrer~ 4- 'kfDrerh
N- ¼lIrkg$Bd~½ vodk'k% jfookjs HkofrA
1- lkIrkfgd% 2- lkIrkfgdh 5- lkIrkfgde~ 4- lkIrkfgd
iz 0 13 iz d ` f r&iz R ;;&foxz g a dq # rA
cqf)eku~] dhfrZeku~] /kuoku~] lkekftd%] /kkfeZd%] 'kkfCnd%] ukfLrd%] vkfLrd%] ikSjkf.kd%] y{ehoku~A
iz 0 14 dkes'oj% dnk fda dk;± djksfrA ?kfVdka n`"V~ok bna Kk;rke~ % &
d- l% czge~ eqgrw Zs oknua ;kor~ bZ'oj/;kua djksfr LeA
d- l% oknus lfTtr% HkwRok fo|ky;e~ vxPNr~A
x- rRi'pkr~ oknua ;kor~ l% r= vfr"Br~A
?k- rr% Lk% oknus Lok/;k;a djksfr LeA
M+- oknus nhiizTokyue~A
Pk- oknus izkFkZukA
N- oknus ijh{kk & ifj.kke & ?kks"k.kkA
t- oknus iqjLdkjforj.ke~A
iz 0 15 Hkoku~ ifFkd% ?kfVdka n`"V~ok fy[krq dnk fda fda Hkfo";fr % &
d- oknus ex/knzrq ;kuL; uofnYyhe~ vkxeue~A
x- oknus gkoM+kesyL; xkft;koknr% izLFkkue~ Hkfo";frA
?k- futkeqnn~ hur% oknus HkkxikyesyL; izLFkkue~ Hkfo";frA
M+- oknus fiadflVhnzrq ;kuL; iqjkrufnYyhr% izLFkkue~ Hkfo";frA

72
72
iz 0 16 ?kfVdka n`"V~ok fy[kr ;r~ jkds'k% dnk fda fda djksfr% &
d- jkds'k% oknus mfRRk"BfrA
[k- l% oknus Lukua djksfrA
x- l% oknus fo|ky;a xPNfrA
M+- l% oknus ifBRok x`ge~ vkxPNfr
iz 0 17 vfLeu~ vuqPNsns dkfufpr~ js[kkafdrkfu inkfu iq#"k&opu fyax ydkjn`"V~;k v'kq)kfu lfUrA ,rkfu 'kqf)d`R;
mÙkjiq f Lrdk;ka iq u % fy[kr &
d- =;% f'k'ko% jksnua djksfrA ---------------------------------------
[k- v;a rs"kka tuuh vfLrA ---------------------------------------
x- ekrk f'k'kwu~ 'kkUrku~ dfj";flA ---------------------------------------
?k- f'k'ko% #nfUr Le ;r% rs nqX/ke~ u ficfUrA ---------------------------------------
³- ,d% ifFkd% g~;% xPNfrA --------------------------------------
p- vga LodeZ lnk fu"B;k vdjksrA~ ---------------------------------------
N- vga i=okgd% vfLrA ---------------------------------------
t- l% cgwfu Hkoua n`"V~ok pfdr% vHkor~A ---------------------------------------
>- ckfyd;k iqLrde~ vku;A ---------------------------------------
´k- bna fnols tuk% izlUuk% HkofUrA ---------------------------------------
[k.M ^^?k**
¼ifBrokpue~ ½
ikB&1
ç01 vèkksfyf[kra i|ka'ka ifBRok çnÙkku~ ç'uku~ mÙkjrA
viwo%Z dks·fi dks"kks·;a fo|rs ro HkkjfrA
O;;rks o`f)ek;kfr {k;ek;kfr l¥~p;kr~AA
v - ,dinsu mÙkjrA
d- ljLoR;k% dks"k% dhn`'k% orZr\s
[k- fo|k dFka {k;e~ vk;kfr\
73
73
vk- iw.kZokD;su mÙkjrA
d- HkkjR;k% dks"k% dFka oèkZr\s
[k- d% dks"k% viwo%Z fo|rs\
b- funsZ'kkuqlkje~ mÙkjrA
d- vfLeu~ 'yksds lEcksèkuina fdefLr\
[k- *viwo%Z * bfr fo'ks"k.kina dLeS ç;qäE\
x- *O;;r%* bfr inL; foijhrHkkokReda 'kCna fpRok fy[krA
ç02 vèkksfyf[kra i|ka'ka ifBRok çnÙkku~ ç'uku~ mÙkjrA
u rFkk 'khrylfyya u pUnujlks u 'khryk Nk;kA
çºykn;fr p iq#"ka ;Fkk eèkqjHkkf"k.kh ok.khAA
v - ,dinsu mÙkjrA
d- dhn`'kh ok.kh iq#"ka çºykn;fr\
[k- eèkqjHkkf"k.kh ok.kh ds çlhnfr\
x- dk 'khryk iq#"ka rFkk u çâ"Va djksfr ;Fkk eèkqjok.kh\
?k- dL; jl% uj rFkk u çºykn;fr ;Fkk eèkqjkokd~\
vk- iw.kZokD;su mÙkjrA
d- Çd Çd oLrq iq#"ka rFkk u çºykn;fr ;Fkk eèkqjkok.kh\
[k- dk iq#"ka çºykn;fr\
b- funsZ'kkuqlkje~ mÙkjrA
d- *'khryk Nk;k* vu;ks% in;ks% fo'ks"k.k ina fdEk~\
[k- *çºykn;fr* vL; drìZ na fde~ vfLr\
x- *tyEk~* vL; Çd i;kZ;okfpina ç;qäe~ v=\
?k- ^lkn;fr* vL; Çd foykseine~ vfLeu~ 'yksdsa oÆ.krEk~\
ç03 fuEufyf[kr dFku;ks% Hkkoe~ mi;qä'kCnS% iwj;rA
d- vuq}xs dja okD;a lR;a fç;fgra p ;r~A
Lokè;k;kH;lua pSo ok³~e;a ri mP;rsAA
;r~ ¼d½ &&&&&&&&&& Jksr.` kke~ ân;s m}sxa u djksfr] lR;;qäa ¼[k½ &&&&&&&&& fgrdkfj p Hkofr] rL; okpue~ rFkk
p ¼x½ &&&&&&&&& vH;kl% ,o ¼?k½ &&&&&&&&& ri mP;rsA
izf;a] ok³~e;a] okD;a] LokL/;k;L;
[k- vkpk;kZRikneknÙks ikna f'k";% Loesèk;kA
dkysu ikneknrs ikna lczãpkfjfHk%AA
f'k";L; f'k{kkçkIrs% pRokfj lkèkukfu lfUrA l% f'k{kk;k% prqFkk±'k ¼d½ &&&&&&&& çkIuksfrA f}rh;a prqFkk±'ka p ¼[k½
&&&&&&&&& yHkrsA ,oeso vU;r~ ¼x½ &&&&&&&&&& le;Øes.k çkIuksfr 'ks"ka prqFkk±'ka p ¼?k½ &&&&&&&& çkIuksfrA
Loes/k;k] prqFkk±'ka] lczge~ pkfjfHk%] vkpk;kZr~
74
74
ç04- vèkksfyf[kr 'yksd;ks% vU;;e~ mfprinsu iwjf;Rok fy[krA
d- ukfLrfo|klea p{kq% ukfLr lR;lea ri%A
ukfLr jkxlea nq[ka ukfLr R;kxlea lq[ke~AA
vUo;% & fo|klea ¼d½ &&&&&& u vfLr] lR;lea ri% u ¼[k½ &&&&&&& jkxlea nq%[ke~ u vfLrA ¼x½ &&&&&&& lq[ke~
u vfLrA
vfLr] R;kxlea] Pk{kq%
[k- u rFkk 'khrylfyya u pUnujlks u 'khryk Nk;kA
çºykn;fr p iq#"k] ;Fkk eèkqjHkkf"k.kh ok.khAA
vUo;% & u 'kksrylfyya u pUnujlks u 'khryk Nk;k p ¼d½ &&&&&& iq#"k ¼[k½ &&&&&&& ¼x½ &&&&&&& eèkqjHkkf"k.kh
¼x½ &&&&&&&A
izgy~ kn;fr] rFkk] ;FkkA
ç05- fuEufyf[kra js[kkf³~drine~ vkèk`R; ç'ufuekZ.ka dq#rA
d- HkkjR;k% dks"k% viwo%Z vfLrA
[k- HkkjR;k% dks"k% viwo%Z A
x- loZnk 'kkjnk vLekda lehis olsrA~
?k- Lokè;k;% vfi ri% A
ç06 vèkksfyf[krklq if³~dr"kq LFkwyk{kjinkuka çl³~xkuqlkja 'kq)e~ vFkZ fpRok fy[krA
d- loZnk 'kkjnk vLekda onukEcqts lafUuÇèk fØ;kr~A
¼i½ loZ nnkfr bfr ¼ii½ lnSo ¼iii½ loZr%
[k- loZnk loZnk·Lekda lfUuÇèk lfUuÇèk fØ;kr~A
¼i½ loZnkf;dk ¼ii½ lokZfèkdk ¼iii½ fujUrje~A
x- vkpk;kZRikneknÙks] ikna f'k";% Loesèk;kA
¼i½ pj.ke~ ¼ii½ prqFkk±'ke~ ¼iii½ 'yksdL; iafäe~
?k- 'kqJ"w kk Jo.ka pSo xzg.ka èkkj.ka rFkkA
¼i½ ÜoJw% ¼ii½ lsok ¼iii½ Jksreq ~ bPNk
ikB & 2
iz 0 1 vèkks f yf[kra x|ka ' ka ifBRok ç'uku~ mÙkjrA
vFk vU;fLeu~ vgfu l es"kks ;kor~ egkula çfo'kfr rkor~ lwidkjs.k vèkZTofyrdk"Bsu rkfMr%A Å.kkZçpqj% es"k% ofàuk
tkToY;eku'kjhj% fudVLFkka vÜo'kkyka çfo'kfr nkgosnu;k p HkwekS yqBfrA rL; f{krkS çyqBr% r`.ks"kq ofàTokyk% leqfRFkrk%A
Tokyekykdqyk% vÜok% çk.k=k.kk; brLrr% vèkkou~A rs"kq dsfpn~ nXèkk% dsfpn~ vèkZnXèkk% dspu p i¥~pRoa xrk%A nXèkka g;'kkyka
foKk; lfo"kkn% jktk 'kkfygks=Kku~ oS|ku~ vkgw; vi`PNr~ *gk! nXèkk% es ?kksVdk% dFka j{k.kh;k%\ lifn mik;% fØ;rke~A* rnk
jktoS|% çksokp& dihuka esnlk nks"kks ofànkgleqn~Hko%A vÜokuka uk'keè;sfr re% lw;ksZn;s ;FkkAA
v - ,dins u mÙkjrA
d- nkgosnu;k d% HkwekS yqBfr\
[k- re% d% uk'k;fr\
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75
vk- iw . kZ o kD;s u mÙkjrA
d- Çd KkRok uì% lfo"kkn% vHkoRk~\
[k- vÜokuka ofànks"k% dFka 'kkE;rs\
b- funs Z ' kkuq l kje~ mÙkjrA
d- *Å.kkZçpqj% es"k%* bfr vu;ks% in;ks% Çd ina fo'ks"k.kinEk~\
[k- *vÜo%* bfr 'kCnL; }kS i;kZ;kS x|ka'kkr~ fpRok fy[krA
iz 0 2 dÇLef'pr~ uxjs pUæks uke Hkwifr% çfrolfr LeA rL; iq=% okujØhMkjrk% okuj;wFka fuR;eso fofoèkS% inkFkZ% iqÇ"V u;fUr LeA
rfLeu~ jktx`gs ckyokgu;ksX;a es"k;wFke~ vklhr~A rs"kka es"kk.kka eè;s ,dks es"k% ftáyksyqir;k vgÆu'ka egkula çfo'; ;r~ i';fr
rn~ Hk{k;frA rs p lwidkjk% ;fRdf¥~pr~ dk"Ba e`.e;a Hkktua dkaL; rkezik=a ok i';fUr rsu re~ vk'kq rkM;fUr LeA es"kL;
lwidkjk.kka dyge~ vos{; uhfrfonke~] vxz.kh okuj;wFkifr% vfpUr;r~ ^,rs"kka dygks u okujk.kka fgrk; A* ,oa fopk;Z l ;wFki%
lokZu~ dihu~ vkgw; jgfl vonr~ Þlwidkjk.kka es"ks.k lg ,"k% dyg% uwua Hkorka fouk'kdkj.ka Hkfo";fr AÞ mäe~ fg& rLekr~
L;kr~ dygks ;= x`gs fuR;edkj.k%A rn~x`ga thfora ok¥~Nu~ nwjr% ifjotZ;sRk~AA
v - ,dins u mÙkjrA
d- Hkwirs% uke fde~ vklhRk~\
[k- d% egkula çfo'; ;r~ i';fr rn~ Hk{k;fr\
vk- ,dokD;s u mÙkjrA
d- ds"kka dyg% okujk.kka fgrk; u vklhRk~\
[k- lwidkjk% fda dqoZfUr Le\
bZ- funsZ'kkuqlkje~ mÙkjrA
d- *n`"V~ok* bfr vFksZ mifjfyf[krs x|ka'ks fde~ ina ç;qäEk~\
[k- *iq=k% okujØhMkjrk* vu;ks% in;ks% fde~ fo'ks"k.kina fde~ p fo'ks";inEk~\
iz 0 3 fuEufyf[kra js [ kkf³~ d rine~ vkèk` R ; ç'ufuekZ . ka dq # rA
d- lw;ksZn;s re% u';frA
[k- jktk oS|ku~ vkgw; vÜoj{kkFkZe~ vi`PNr~A
iz 0 4 vèkksfyf[krklq iafä"kq LFkwyk{kjinkuke~ çl³~xkuqlkje~ 'kq)e~ vFkZe~ fpuqrA
d- vgÆu'ka egkula çfo'; ;r~ i';fr rn~ Hk{k;frA
¼i½ egkjkK% ¼ii½ egr~ vklue~ ¼iii½ ikd'kkyke~A
[k- leUrkr~ oèkZekuk% vuyf'k[kk% vkdk'ka fygfUrA
¼i½ ifjr% ¼ii½ lkekU;r% ¼iii½ leks HkwRokA
76
76
iz 0 5 vèkks f yf[kr'yks d ;ks % vUo;e~ mfprins u iw j f;Rok mÙkjiq f Lrdk;ke~ iq u % fy[krA
d- dihuka esnlk nks"kks ofàznkgleqn~Hko%A
vÜokuka uk'keH;sfr re% lw;ksZn;s ;FkkAA
vUo;%& ¼i½ &&&&& ofànkgleqn~Hko% ¼ii½ &&&&&& dihuka ¼iii½ &&&&& uk'ke~ vH;sfr ¼iv½ ;Fkk re%A &&&&&&
esnlk] lw;ksZn;s] v'okuka% nks"kk%
[k- fe=:ik fg fjio% lEHkk";Urs fop{k.kS%AA
;s fgra okD;eqRl`T; foijhrksilsfou%AA
vUo;%& ;s ¼i½ &&&&&& okD;e~ ¼ii½ &&&&& foijhrksilsfou% ¼rs½ fg ¼iii½ &&&&& fe=:ik% fjio% ¼iv½ &&&&&&A
lEHkk";UÙks] fop{k.kS%] fgrae~] mRl`T;
iz 0 6 fuEufyf[krdpu;ks % Hkkoe~ mi;q ä 'kCn% iw j ;rA
rLekr~ L;kr~ dygks ;= x`gs fuR;edkj.k%A
rn~x`ga thfora ok¥~Nu~ nwjr% ifjotZ;sr~AA
vL; Hkko% vfLr& ;fn df'pr~ uj% lq[ka thoua p bPNfr rÆg l% rr~ ¼i½ &&&&&& vo';eso R;tsr~ ;= fuR;e~ ¼ii½ &&&&&&
HkofrA ;rks fg ¼iii½ &&&&& dyg% loZnk ¼iv½ &&&&& dkj.ka HkofrA
vdkj.ka] dyg% x`ge~] fouk'kL;
iz 0 7 ?kVukØekuq l kja fuEufyf[krinkfu iq u % fy[krA
d- jktx`gs ftg~okyksyqi% ,d% es"k% egkula çfo'; ;r~ fdefi [kknfr LeA
[k- r=LFkku~ nXèkku~ vÜoku~ n`"V~ok jkKk oS|k% vkgwrk%A
x- es'krkMua n`"V~ok okuj;wFki% dihu~ jktHkoua R;äqe~ vdFk;r~A
?k- okujesn% ,o vkS"kèke~ bfr JqRok e`R;qHk;kr~ di;% i'pkÙkkie~ vdqoZu~A
³- ,dfLeu~ çklkns pUæuke Hkwirs% iq=k% okujS% lg ØhMfUr LeA
p- ;nk okujk% LoxZrqY;ku~ HkksX;inkFkkZu~ R;äqa u ,sPNu~ rnk okuj;wFki% ,dkdh ouexPNr~A
N- lwidkjk% ra ;su dsu inkFksZu rkM;fUr Le eA
t- ,dnk Tofyrdk"Bsu rkfMr% Toyu~ es"k% vÜo'kkyka çkfo'kr~A
iz 0 8 v/kks n ÙkkLkq ikBkUrxZ r &dFkklq e¥~ t w " kk'kCn&lgk;r;k fjDrLFkkuiw f rZ a d` R ok dFkk% iq u % fy[kUrq A
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77
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78
78
Class - X
Assignment
2023-24
Subject : French
LECON 1,2
Q.1 Lisez la question
Chère ........, Lille, le 12 juin
Comment vas-tu? J'ai passé mes vacances d'été à Paris. J'étais content de voyager avec
ma famille. J'ai visité la tour Eiffel, le Sacré-Cœur, Notre Dame, Le Louvre et le Disneyland.
Il faisait beau et frais. J'ai voyagé en métro qui est très commode. J'ai fait beaucoup de
shopping pour mes amis et mes cousins. J'ai acheté des parfums. Chanel est mon favorite.
Nous sommes restés dans un hôtel près de la tour Eiffel. Donc chaque soir, j'allais voir la
tour Eiffel. C'était formidable. Je me suis beaucoup amusé. Écris-moi comment tu as passé
tes vacances!
Amitié
............
Q.2 Réécrivez les phrases suivantes en utilisant les verbes entre parenthèses au temps
qui convient :
1. Jules Verne ……[être] un écrivain français qui [écrire] les premiers livres de
science-fiction.
2. Dans une semaine, ce….. [être] Noël.
3. Elle …..[apprendre] à conduire en trois mois.
4. Hier, je/j' …..[voir] un film à la télé chez mon ami.
5. Ce soir, je/j' ……[se coucher] de bonne heure car je/j' [avoir] une journée difficile.
6. Avant-hier, on……. [aller] à la plage.
7. Ta mère …….[sortir], il y a quelques secondes.
8. Le musée d'Orsay [être] fermé tous les lundis.
9. Dans combien de temps [aller]-vous en Angleterre ?
10. Je ……[vouloir] des œufs et du beurre, s'il vous plaît.
11. Où ……[travailler]-tu maintenant ?
12 …….. [Ranger] ta chambre !
13. Il y …….[avoir] trois ans, il [passer] son bac.0
14. Sophie …….[naître] en 1994.
15. Hier soir, les amies de ma sœur ……..[venir] chez nous. Elles [bavarder] beaucoup.
64
Q.3 A. Que comprenez vous par ces images ?
B. La Fête de la Musique est une grande fête estivale. Elle est célébrée le 21 juin, la plus
longue journée de l'été. On fait un petit concert et on chante et joue de la musique.
C. Le Tour de France est la plus célèbre des courses cyclistes en France. Elle est
organisée chaque année par étapes sur un long circuit de routes françaises
65
D. Le Festival de Cannes (appelé Festival international du film de 1946 à 2002) est un
festival de cinéma international se déroulant chaque année à Cannes (Alpes-Maritimes,
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France) durant douze jours pendant la seconde quinzaine
du mois de mai.
Paroles' est le recueil des poèmes écrit par Jacques Prévert

Jacques Prévert. "L'accent grave"
(écrivain français 1900-1977)
E. La Fête de la Musique est une grande fete estivale. Elle est célébrée le 21 juin, la
plus longue journée de l'été. On fait un petit concert et on chante et joue de la
musique.
C'est un festival de théâtre et de danse, crée par Jean Vilar en 1947.

Q.4 Conjuguez le verb au present.
1. Je prendre .............................. congé aujourd'hui : je être ........................... fatigué.
2. Si tu vouloir ................................, tu pouvoir ................................ arriver tôt.
3. Elle mettre ................................ son chapeau et elle aller ................................. à
l'épicerie.
66
4. Ils prendre ................................. des vacances en juillet.
5. Il devoir ................................... téléphoner quand il recevoir ............................. des
nouvelles.
6. Vous étudier ................................. bien et vous réussir .................................. facilement.
7. Nous commencer .......................................... un nouveau cours.
8. Ils venir ................................. souvent nous visiter.
9. Vous faire ...................................... de l'exercice physique.
10. Tu tousser ......................................... continuellement.
11. On devoir .................................. toujours écouter ses parents.
12. Nous réfléchir ..................................... et nous choisir ................................ un gâteau.
13. Il pleuvoir................................. et je attendre ................................. l'autobus.
14. Chaque soir, nous manger ................................... tôt.
15. Ils appeler .................................... leurs amis.
16. Ma sœur conduire ................................. vite et mes frères conduire ............................
lentement.
17. Je ouvrir ................................ la porte et le chien courir ................................. à
l'extérieur.
18. Elles finir ................................. leurs devoirs et ils sortir ................................ jouer.
Q.5 Entourez les mots ou la phrase qui explique l'ile français.
Depuis quatre jours nous voici installés en Corse, au sud de Bastia. Nous sommes arrivés
avec la pluie, mais maintenant le beau temps s'est installé. L'île n'est pas grande. Nous
sommes logés dans un camp de toile, ce n'est pas le grand luxe; mais pour les vacances,
c'est très bien. Cette visite me fait penser à notre visite des îles d'Andaman et de Nicobar
dans le Golfe du Bengale. J'ai passé de très belles vacances là-bas avec ma famille l'année
dernière. Nous avons visité Port Blair, une petite ville animée au milieu de la mer avec
beaucoup de cocotiers et quelques collines. Ici nous pouvons aller à la mer et à la montagne
dans la même journée. Les Aiguilles de Bavella sont très belles. Il y a beaucoup de petits
villages perchés. Au centre, il y a des cultures d'oranges et de citrons. On y voit aussi
beaucoup d'animaux comme des ânes, des moutons, des chevaux et des cochons. La pointe
que vous voyez sur la carte postale est appelée Cap Corse. Au milieu, il y a beaucoup de
châtaigniers. Au sud, il y a Bonifacio avec ses côtes et ses villages. Nos vacances vont
bientôt terminer. Elles se passent bien.
À bientôt
Repondez aux questions.
a Ou est la Corse? Comment est -elle?
b Avec quelle ile la Corse est comparée ?
c Décrivez Port Blair.
Ecrivez vrai ou faux:
a. Quand Akanksha est arrivée ,en corse, il faisait du soleil.
b. Ellle, Akanksha habite dans l'hôtel.
c. Port blair est une grande ville.
d. On ne y voit pas les animaux.
e. Les noms de deux arbres les pommiers et les chênes
f. Les deux légumes. Les poivrons verts et le citrons
Trouvez dans le texte:
a. Une conjonction - _________
b. Un adjectif - _________
c. La forme verbale de "la arrivée" - _________
d. Le contraire de "commencer" - _________
e. Le synonyme de "habiter" - _________
f. La forme nominal de "visiter" - _________
67
Q.6 Orale -se presenter
• Avoir 15 ans.
• Être jeune et mignon
• Être étudiant
• Aller à l' école
• Faire des études
• Avoir des copains
• Être en bonne forme
• Faire du sport
• Avoir un frère
• Avoir beaucoup de temps libre
Q.7 Ecrire une lettre
• Bonjour,je suis à…..en Inde avec ma famille.
• D'abord, nous avons visité..
• Puis, nous avons vu….
• Le repas typiquement indien est délicieux.
• Demain, nous visiterons…
• Je te salue très fort, je suis heureux de t'écrire ces lignes pour te raconter mon
séjour à…..
• Nous avons decouvert…..
• Nous avons visité….
• Nous avons appris…..
• Nous avons goûté….
• Nous avons pris des photos de…
• Dans cette lettre, je vais te raconter comment j'ai passé mes vacances …….
• J'ai visité…
• Je suis allé par le train…
• J'ai vu….
• J'ai fait……
• Nous nous sommes bien amusés
• Pendant les vacances, c'était un voyage memorable.
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Q.10 Faites correspondre les éléments de la colonne
A avec ceux de la colonne B
A B
a. La fête de la musique i. le théâtre et la danse
b. Le tour de France ii. Les chansons
c. Jacques Prévert iii. La région
d. La Champagne iv. Le sport
e. Le festival d'Avignon v. Le poète
Q.11 L'annonce du tourisme
Port Blair, une petite ville animée au milieu de la mer avec beaucoup de cocotiers et quelques
collines.
69
German Assignment 2023-2024
Semester I, Unit -I
Class – X
I. Lies den Text.
Essen in der Schulkantine"
Besonders gern gehen die Schülerinnen und Schüler der Schillersschule In

Bad Homburg dienstags, mittwochs und donnerstags zur Schule. Da
kochen nämlich ihre Mütter und Väter in der Schulküche ein tolles
Mittagsessen. Es gibt Fleisch, Kartoffeln oder Nudeln, Gemüse, Salate und
zum Schluss Els, Kuchen oder Quark und Obst.
Alles sehr gesund! Das Essen kostet 2,50 Eu ro.
Wenn die Schüler nicht richtig Mittagessen wollen, können sie in die
Cafeteria oder zum Schulki gehen. Das organisieren auch die Eltern.
Die Cafeteria ist montags bis freitags geöffnet und bietet für 1,20 -1,60 Euro
Brötchen mit Kase oder Wurst, Salat und Suppe an. Am Kiosk kann man
immer Jogurt, Obst, frische Brötchen, Milchgetränke und Tee kaufen. Alles
kostet nur 60 Cent.
Das Geld brauchen die Eltern für die Lebensmittel. Manchmal können sie
etwas sparen und ne Sachen für die Küche kaufen. An dem P rojekt
nehmen 60 Mütter und Väter teil. Sie kaufen ein, kochen verkaufen das
Essen und machen auch alles sauber. Sie nehmen kein Geld für ihre
Arbeit. Sie machen alles kostenlos. Deshalb ist das Essen auch so billig.
Die Schüler und Schülerinnen der Schil lerschule finden ihre Eltern super.
(Textquelle Mit Erfolg zu Fit in Deutsch -2)
A. Beantworten Sie die Fragen
1. Wann gehen die Schülerinnen und Schüler gern zur Schule? Warum?
2. Wo arbeiten die Eltern in der Schule?
3. Wann können die Schülerinnen und Schüler in der Schule zu

Mittagessen?
4. Warum müssen die Schüler das Essen und die Getränke bezahlen?
5. Wie viel kostet ein Mittagessen? Warum ist das Essen so billig?
B. Richtig oder Falsch?
Die Eltern kochen in der Schillerschule in Hamburg.
Die Schüler essen gern dienstags, donnerstags und freitags in der

Schulkantine.
64
Jogurt, Obst, frische Brötchen, Milchgetränke und Tee kann man am Kiosk
kaufen.
Die Cafeteria ist die ganze Woche geöffnet.
Die Eltern nehmen kein Geld für diese Arbeit.
C. Was passt zusammen?
1. billig a. Kartoffeln, Milch, Brot
2. Sachen b. nicht teuer
3. Lebensmittel c. schließlich
4. Kiosk d. Dinge
5. Kostenlos e. Bude
6. zum Schluss f. Gratis
II. Lies den Text und beantworte.
In der Pause
 Hallo, Michaela! Sag mal, hat Tim gefeiert?
o Ja, nur mit ein paar Freunden zu Hause.
 Und was habt ihr gemacht?
o Seine Mutter hat einen Kuchen und Pizza gemacht. Wir haben Saft, Tee und
Kaffee getrunken und dabei Musik gehört. Wir haben viel erzählt und dann am
Computer gespielt. Danach sind wir ins Kino gegangen und haben den Film
"Das Leben der anderen" gesehen. Wir sind erst spät nach Hause gekommen.
 Schade, dass ich krank war. Was habt ihr denn Tim geschenkt?
o Wir haben Geld gesammelt. Tim will ins Konzert von "Metallica" gehen.
 Das ist eine gute Idee. Vielleicht gehe ich auch hin. Wo ist das Konzert?
 Im Mai in Köln.
Was passt zusammen? Ordnen Sie zu.
A. Kuchen und Pizza 1. getrunken
B. Musik 2. gegangen
C. Saft, Tee und Kaffee 3. gesammelt und geschenkt
D. am Computer 4. gegessen
E. ins Kino 5. gekommen
F. einen Film 6. gespielt
65
G. spät nach Hause 7. gesehen
H. Geld 8. gehört
III. Indirekte Fragen.
A. Mit der Konjunktion „ob“
Die Antwort auf eine Frage mit der Konjunktion „ob“ lautet entweder „ja“ oder
„nein“ (sog. Ja/Nein Fragen).
Beispiele für die indirekten Fragen mit „ob“:
 „Ich weiß nicht, ob die Pizza gut schmeckt.“
 „Ich möchte wissen, ob die Pizza gut schmeckt.“
 „Kannst du mir sagen, ob die Pizza gut schmeckt?“
 „Weißt du, ob die Pizza gut schmeckt?“
B. Mit einem Fragewort
Eine indirekte Frage bildest Du auch mit einem Fragewort (sog. W-

Fragewörter, da sie immer mit „w” beginnen: was, wie, wer etc.).
Beispiele für die indirekten Fragesätze mit einem Fragewort:
 „Ich weiß nicht, wie die Pizza schmeckt.“
 „Ich möchte wissen, wann du kommst.“
 „Sagst du mir, wer das ist?“
 „Erklären Sie mir bitte, wohin dieser Zug fährt?“
Ergänze die Fragen. Mache die Fragen indirekt.
1. Wohin ist Aman gegangen?
Hast du davon eine Ahnung,_____________________________________
2. Um wieviel Uhr kommt Tobias?
Sagst du mir,_________________________________________________
3. Gehst du morgen zur Schule?
Kannst du mir sagen,___________________________________________
4. Wo ist das Lehrerzimmer?
Weißt du,_______________________________________
5. Warum ist der Lehrer nicht da?
Weißt du,_______________________________________
66
6. Kommt die neue Lehrerin morgen?
Der Direktor fragt,_______________________________
7. Woher kommt die neue Lehrerin Frau Schulz?
Wissen Sie,_____________________________________
8. Wann beginnen unsere Prüfungen?
Weiß jemand,___________________________________
9. Haben wir den Mathetest am Montag?
Wer kann mir sagen,______________________________
10. Wer ist für diese Arbeit zuständig?
Kannst du herausfinden,___________________________
11. Hast du noch Zeit für diese Arbeit?
Kannst du uns sagen,______________________________
12. Bis wann muss die Projektarbeit fertig sein?
Weiß einer von euch,______________________________
13. Woher hat Peter die Information bekommen?
Hat Peter gesagt.__________________________________
14. Was bedeutet,Quatsch?
Kannst du mir sagen,_______________________________
15. Wie viel Uhr ist es?
Können Sie mir sagen,_____________________________
16. Wie komme ich zum Bahnhof?
Könnten Sie mir sagen,_____________________________
17. Machen wir einen Ausflug?
Er hat mich gefragt,________________________________
18. Wie kann man den Müll trennen?
Wer kann mir sagen, _______________________________
19. Wie lange dauert der Film?
Ich weiß nicht,____________________________________
67
20. Gibt es noch einen Zug nach Berlin?
Wissen Sie,_______________________________________
IV. Adjektivedeklination
Aufgabe A
1. Hast du meinen neu_____ Lehrer (m) getroffen?
2. Ich komme aus einer klein_____ Stadt (f).
3. Hast du die Frau mit dem grau_____ Hut (m) gesehen?
4. Nach unseren lang_____ Vorlesungen (pl) sind wir immer müde.
5. Wirst du dieser jung_____ Frau (f) bitte helfen (=dative verb)?
6. Gestern bin ich durch den kühl_____ Wald (m) gelaufen.
7. Welchen alt_____ Freund (m) hast du besucht?
8. Die Lehrerin hat jedem fleißig_____ Schüler (m) eine A gegeben.
68
Aufgabe B
1. Ein nett_____ Mann (m) hat mir geholfen.
2. Mein grün_____ Hemd (n) hängt dort.
3. Unser alt_____ Großvater (m) wird heute 90.
4. Ohne ein deutsch_____ Wörterbuch (n) ist das Leben schwer.
5. Wir verkaufen unser alt_____ Haus (n).
6. Sein alt_____ Vater (m) ist ein gut_____ Lehrer.
7. Haben Sie Ihr schön_____ Bild (n) dabei?
Aufgabe C
1. Das klein_____ Kind (n) sitzt auf dem Gras.
2. Dieser alt_____ Mann (m) hat mit mir gesprochen.
3. Ich habe keine alt_____ Frau (f) gesehen.
4. Dieses klein_____ Café (n) ist sehr schön.
1. Meine best_____ Freunde (pl) kommen mit mir.
2. Katja hat ihre gut_____ Schuhe (pl) vergessen.
3. Alle gut_____ Dinge (pl) sind drei.
1. Sie hat einen rot_____ Hut (m) gekauft.
2. Im Zimmer habe ich laut_____ Musik gehört (f).
3. Ich kann das ander_____ Buch (n) nicht finden.
4. Ich habe dem klein_____ Kind (n) geholfen.
5. Er denkt an sein warm_____ Bett (n).
6. Ich habe viel_____ nett_____ Freunde (pl).
7. Der klug_____ Arzt (m) hat mir geholfen.
8. Bei schlecht_____ Wetter (n) bleibe ich zu Hause.
9. Bei solchem gut_____ Wetter (n) sitzen wir draußen.
10. Wo kann man hier frisch_____ Obst (n) kaufen?
69
11. Kannst du mir mit dieser schwierig_____ Arbeit (f) helfen?
12. Sie müssen die schmutzig_____ Autos (pl) waschen.
13. Später möchte ich in einem groß_____ Haus (n) leben.
14. Ein kaputt_____ Fernseher (m) ist in dem Zimmer.
15. Die sauber_____ Straßen (pl) in dieser Stadt gefallen mir.
16. Er schreibt den Brief mit freundlich_____ Grüßen (pl).
17. Ich habe einen nett_____ Mitbewohner (m).
18. Neu_____ Stifte (pl) schreiben besser
V. Satzkonnektorren
Beispiel:
Aufgabe: Klaus hat keine Zeit. Er muss arbeiten.
Lösung: Weil Klaus arbeiten muss, hat er keine Zeit.
ACHTUNG muss bei der Ursache stehen.
A. WENN-Sätze
1. Ich telefoniere mit Maria. Ich vermisse sie.
Ich telefoniere Maria, wenn ich sie vermisse.
2. Ich lerne jeden Tag eine halbe Stunde Deutsch. Meine Note wird besser.
___________________________________________________________
3. Ich lese österreichische Zeitungen. Ich verstehe besser Deutsch.
___________________________________________________________
4. Ich höre deutschsprachige Musik. Ich kann Maria besser verstehen.
___________________________________________________________
5. Ich spreche mit meiner Mutter. Sie versteht mich.
___________________________________________________________
6. Ich helfe im Haushalt. Meine Mutter freut sich.
70
___________________________________________________________
7. Ich trage Zeitungen aus. Ich kann meine Handyrechnung selbst bezahlen.
___________________________________________________________
8. Ich kann meine Handyrechnung selbst bezahlen. Ich kann oft mit Maria
telefonieren.
___________________________________________________________
9. Ich spiele wieder Fußball. Ich verbringe mehr Zeit mit meinen Freunden.
___________________________________________________________
10. Ich verbringe mehr Zeit mit meinen Freunden. Ich vermisse Maria weniger.
___________________________________________________________
B. Verrückte Ausrede. Bilde Sätze.
Ich habe keine Hausübung gemacht, …
1. … so spät – gekommen - mein Vater - weil - nach Hause – ist.
__________________________________________________________
2. … meiner Großmutter – weil - ich - musste – spazieren - mit - gehen.
__________________________________________________________
3. … ist - die Tintenpatrone - weil - meiner Füllfeder - leer.
__________________________________________________________
4. … die Schultasche - weil - habe - in der Schule - ich - vergessen.
__________________________________________________________
5. … hat - die Hausübung – weil - zerrissen - meine Schwester.
_____________________________________________________
6. … weil - meine Schultasche - gestohlen hat - ein Unbekannter.
_____________________________________________________
7. … mein Heft - gefallen - ist - weil - ins Klo.
71
_____________________________________________________
8. … ich - mein Heft - weil – habe - in der anderen Schultasche.
_____________________________________________________
9. … abschreiben - meine Mitschüler - wollen - weil - meine Hausübung.
_____________________________________________________
3. WENN oder WEIL?
z. B: Er trinkt abends immer Kaffee. ( ?, sowieso schlecht, kann, er, schlafen)
→ Er trinkt abends immer Kaffee, WEIL er sowieso schlecht schlafen kann.
a, Er trinkt abends nur Kaffee. (lange, er, nachts, arbeiten, muss)
→-__________________________________________________________
b, Er liest meistens abends im Bett. (er, danach, einschlafen, gut, kann)
→ __________________________________________________________
c, Er liest manchmal abends im Bett. (kann, nicht, er, einschlafen)
→ __________________________________________________________
d, Ich komme zu spät. (ist, zu spät, der Bus, gekommen)
→ __________________________________________________________
e, Ich nehme ein Taxi. (wieder zu spät, heute, kommt, der Bus)
→__________________________________________________________
f, Der Gast wird nervös. (muss, er, warten, lange)
→__________________________________________________________
g, Der Gast ist nervös geworden. (hat, er, lange, gewartet)
→__________________________________________________________
h, Er schaut ihr so tief in die Augen. (so schön, sind, ihre Augen)
→ _________________________________________________________
72
4. Dialoge mit WEIL- und WENN-Sätzen
S1: Warum/ Wann trinkst du (keinen) Kaffee? S2: Weil/ Wenn es mich zu nervös macht.
• Ich will fit bleiben.

• Es macht mich zu nervös.
• Trinkst du Kaffee? • Ich will nicht krank sein.
• Trinkst du Alkohol? • Ich kann dann besser denken.
• Rauchst du? • Es entspannt mich.
• Trinkst du viel Milch? • Ich habe keine Zeit.
• Isst du jeden Morgen Frühstück? • Ich kann ohne Kaffee/Zigaretten nicht leben.
• Isst du viel Fleisch? • Ich bin Vegetarier.
• Treibst du Sport? • Es schmeckt mir nicht.
• Nimmst du Vitamine? • Ich möchte stark sein.
• Ich bin auf Diät.
• Es ist schlecht für die Gesundheit.
z. B
S1: Warum trinkst du keinen Kaffee?
S2: Weil Kaffee mich zu nervös macht.
73

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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

The city police ( a) decided to ( b) dr iver s

a. (i) had (ii) are (iii) have (iv) is

b. (i) take (ii) taking (iii) took (iv) taken

c. (i) whose (ii) who (iii) which (iv) those

d. (i) in (ii) to (iii) over (iv) from

e. (i) in (ii) over (iii) on (iv) by

f. (i) vitiate (ii) violate (iii) violent (iv) violence

g. (i) inviting (ii) invitation (iii) invite (iv) invited

h. (i) cancelling (ii) cancellation (iii) cancel (iv) cancelled

Which one is correct?

a. only k b. only k and 7k

23. Prove that 11 is irrational.

25. Prove that 2 3  5 is irrational.

28. Prove that p  q is irrational,where p,q are primes.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

i. Express 36 as a product of its primes.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

a. If width is taken as x , find the polynomial that represents volume of box.

Which of the following places of information is independently sufficient to determine if a solution

 2 is parallel to  1 and  3 intersects  1 at exactly one point

The equation of  1 is x+ y = k, where k is a real number

b. (- x) + y = k can be the equation of  3

b. find the point of intersection of  2 and  3

If sin θ  sin θ  1 , then prove that cos θ  cos θ  1

cos ec 2 x  sin2 x cot 2 x  cot 2 x

1 cos ec 1 sec 2 

26. If tan  +cot  =2, find tan3  +7cot3  . (Ans: 8)

28. If x =tan A+sin A

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

60 Air 60 Air 60 Air

medium A medium B medium C

S.No. Thype of mirror Reason of using

Q.2 CasO4 xH2O +yH2O CaSO4zH2O

i. CuO+H 2  Cu+H 2O ii. Mg+O2  MgO

iii. ZnO+C  Zn+CO iv. Fe+CuSO 4  FeSO 4+Cu

v. Zn+HCl  ZnCl 2+H 2 vi. FeO+CO  Fe+CO 2

a. Name the gas.

i. In chemical reaction 1 , X and Y should be

i. The salt given to the Salim should be:

i. only X ii. only Y

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

i. Out of the following locations, where is A likely to be present? What characteristics of

Identify the processes taking place at X,Y and Z.

a. What is the type of blood vessel shown in the image?

In which of these regions/organs could it be occurring?

Q.1 Crossword / Puzzle

Solve the crossword

a. Movement of Indigo planters.

c. Cotton will workers satyagraha

d. Jallianwala Bagh incident

e. Calling of the non-co-operation movement

f. No Tax Campaign took place

g. Place where Non-Co-operation movement started

Subject: Political Science

Category Male Female

Literacy rate for rural population 76% 54%

Percentage of rural children aged 10-14 attending

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