Vidyamandir Classes

Permutations & Combinations

1.(A) Using de-arrangement theorem,

Number of ways to place 6 letters in 6 envelopes such that all are placed in wrong envelopes.
 1 1 1 1
= 6 1     . . . . .   = 360 – 120 + 30 – 6 + 1 = 265
 1 2 3 6

2.(A) Required sum of number = [Sum of four digit numbers using 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, allowing 0 in first place]
– [Sum of three digit numbers using 1, 2, 3, 4)].
5! 4!
= [0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4] [1 + 10 + 102 + 103] – (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) (1 + 10 + 102)
5 4
= 24 × 10 × 1111 – 6 × 10 × 111 = 259980
3.(C) Refer to Solution Illustration-38 4.(B) Refer to Solution Illustration-41

5.(B) It is possible in two mutually exclusive cases

Case 1 : 2 children get none, one child gets three and all remaining 7 children get one each.
Case 2 : 2 children get none, 2 children get 2 each and all remaining 6 children get one each.
Using formula given in section (6.3), we get :
 10! 1 
Case I : Number of ways =   10!
 3! 7! 2! 
 10! 1 1  1 1 
Case II : Number of ways =   10! Thus total ways = (10!) 2   
2
 (2!) · 6! 2! 2!   3! 7! 2! (2!)4 6! 

6.(B) Refer to Solution Illustrating the concepts (ii) : Page-46

7.(A) The 4 men can be seated at the circular table such that there is a vacant seat between every pair of men in
(4 – 1)! = 3! ways. Now, 4 vacant seats can be occupied by 4 women in 4! ways.
Hence, the required number of seating arrangements = 3! × 4! = 144.
8.(B) Refer to Solution Illustration-48 9.(A) Refer to Solution Illustration-48
10.(B) A is not included, then others can be selected in 2k – 1 ways.
T is not included, then others can be selected in 2k – 1 ways.
M is not included, then others can be selected in 2k – 1 ways.
3(2k – 1) = 93  2k = 32  k=5

11.(D) Refer to Solution OWS/Question-39

9!
12.(B) Total no. of words 
2!
No. of words having “HIN” together = 7! No. of words having “DUS” together = 7!/2!
No. of words having “TAN” together = 7! No. of words having “HIN” and “DUS” together = 5!
No. of words having “HIN” and TAN” together = 5!
No. of words having “DUS” and “TAN” together = 5!
No. of words having HIN, DUS and TAN together = 3!
9! 7!
No. of words required  (7!  7!)  (5! 5!  5!)  3! 169194
2! 2!

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13.(B) Refer to Solution INE-E/Question-10 14.(C) Refer to Solution OWS/Question-13

15.(C) Refer to Solution OWS/Question-25

16.(A) For each of the first  n  1 elements a1 , a2 , . . . ., an 1 we have two choices: either ai 1  i  n  1 lies in the subset or ai
doesn’t lie in the subset. For the last element we have just one choice. If even number of elements have already been
selected, we do not include an in the subset, otherwise (when odd number of elements have been selected), we include it
in the subset.
Thus, the number of subsets of A  a1 , a2 , . . .., an  which contain even number of elements is equal to 2n1 .
17.(A) A number between 100 and 1000 has three digits.
So, we have to form all possible 3-digit numbers with distinct digits.
We cannot have 0 at the hundred’s place. So, the hundred’s place can be filled with any of the 9 digits 1, 2, 3, . . . . , 9.
So, there are 9 ways of filling the hundred’s place.
Now, 9 digits are left including 0. So, ten’s place can be filled with any of the remaining 9 digits in 9 ways. Now, the
unit’s place can be filled with in any of the remaining 8 digits. So, there are 8 ways of filling the unit’s place.
Hence, the total number of required numbers  9  9  8  648 .
18.(B) This can be done in four mutually exclusive ways as follows :

Row R1 Row R2 Row R3 Number of ways

I. 1 3 2
 C   C   C  8
2
1
4
3
2
2

II. 1 4 1
 C  C  C 4
2
1
4
4
2
1

III. 2 2 2
 C  C  C 6
2
2
4
2
2
2

IV. 2 3 1
 C   C   C  8
2
2
4
3
2
1

Total 26

Alternate Sol :
There are only two ways in which a row will not contain any X
 Total number of ways  8C2  2  26
19.(A) In dictionary the words at each stage are arranged in alphabetical order. Starting with the letter A, and arranging the
other four letters GAIN, we obtain 4! = 24 words.
Thus, there are 24 words which start with A. These are the first 24 words.
4! 24
Then, starting with G, and arranging the other four letters A, A, I, N in different ways, we obtain   12 words.
2! 2
Thus, there are 12 words, which start with G.
4!
Now, we start with I. The remaining 4 letters A, G, A, N can be arranged in  12 ways. So, there are 12 words, which
2!
start with I. Thus, we have so far constructed 48 words. The 49th word is NAAGI and hence the 50th word is NAAIG.
7 x
20.(C) Px  3 is defined when x  3  7  x  x  5 and x  3  0  x  3 .

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7 x
 The possible values of Px  3 are when x  3, 4 or 5.

 The range of values of 7 x

Px  3 is  4
P0 , 3 P1 , 2 P2  or {1, 3, 2}.
21
21.(B) 18 correct results can be predicted in C18 ways and 3 wrong results in 23 ways. Thus, required number of ways is
21
C18 23 .
5!
22.(C) A, I, I, I, O can occur at odd places in ways, and the remaining letters N, D, L, L can be arranged at the remaining
3!
4!
places in ways.
2!

23.(A) Number of ways  5C1  5 C2  5 C3  25

24.(D) As 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, for a five digit number either do not use 0 or 3.

When 0 is not used, the number of such numbers is 5! And when 3 is not used, the number of such number is 5!  4! .
 Required number of ways = 5!   5!  4!  216
20
25.(A) We can choose 10 players from  22  2  players in C10 ways and one player from 2 players in 2 C1 ways.
20!
 Required number of ways   2  369512
10!10!

26.(B) Total number of books  a  2b  3 c  d

Since there are b copies of each of two books, c copies of each of three books and single copies of d books.
(a  2b  3 c  d ) !
Therefore the total number of arrangements is .
a ! (b !) 2 (c !) 3
27.(A) Let n = 2m + 1. Then, the common difference of the A.P. can be 1, 2, 3, . . . ., m. The number of AP’s with 1, 2, 3, . . . . ,
m common differences are  2m  1 ,  2m  3 , . . . ., 1 respectively
2 2
 n  1  n  1
So, total number of AP’s =  2m  1  . . . .  1  m2   . Hence, total number of ways  
 2   2 
28.(B) Consider the host and the two particular persons as a single unit. So, there are effectively 19 persons. These 19 persons
can be arranged in 18 ways and there are 2 ways of arranging the two persons on either side of the host.

29.(C) Digit at the extreme left can be chosen in 9 ways. (0 is not a possibility). Now the next digit can be chosen in 9 ways as
consecutive digits are not same and so on.
 Required number of numbers = 9  9  . . . .  9  9 n
n times
22
30.(A) Required no. of ways = C19  1540

2n  1 n 1 3  2n  1  2n  3
31.(B)      n=4
n2 2n  1 5  n  2   n  1 n  5
32.(B) The number of points of intersection
  C  2  
n
2
m
C2  1   C   C   2  n  n  1  12 m  m  1  2mn
n
1
m
1

33.(B) Number of ways is 12C6 for M, 6C4 for P and 2C2 for C.
Thus, the required number of ways   12
C6  C  C 
6
4
2
2

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15
34.(A) The total number of points is 15. From these 15 points we can obtain C3 triangles. However, if all the 3 points are
chosen on the same straight line, we do not get a triangle. Therefore, the required number of triangles
 15 C3  3  C   425
5
3

15
35.(C) The required number of triangles is C3  4 C3  455  4  451

36.(D) MEDITERRANEAN
R  2, M  1, D  1, I  1, T  1, A  2, N  2, E  3
R_ _ E
For letter words beginning with R (first letter) and ending with E (fourth letter) can be formed by two ways.
(i) All two letters between R and E are distinct.
(ii) All two letters between R and E are identical.
(i) Excluding one R and on E, total distinct letters are 8 (R, M, D, I, T, A, N, E).
(ii) Excluding one R and E, total identical pairs are 3 (AA, NN, EE).
 Total such words  56  3  59.
n n! n!
37.(A) Cr  & n Pr 
r ! n  r  !  n  r !
n2
C6
 11
n2
P2

 n  2 !  n  2 !  11  n  2 !  11 6!
    n  2  n  1 n  n  1  1110  9  8
6! n  2  6  !  n  2  2 !  n  2 !
Equation on the both sides, n  9
Clearly, n  9 satisfies (A)  n2  3n  108  0   n  12  n  9   0
38.(B) Required numbers of ways
15
 C1  15C1  14 C1  14 C1  13C1  13C1  ....  1C1  1C1  152  142  132  ....  12
15 15  1 2 15  1 15 16  31
   1240
6 6
39.(D) Here 
A  x 1 , x 2 ,...., x 7 ;  
B  y 1, y 2 , y 3 
f :A B
There are three elements in A such that f  x   y 2 . This can be done by 7 C3 ways.
Out of other 4 elements of A, each one can be mapped with B except y 2 by 2 ways.
So, 4 elements of A can be mapped with 2 elements of B by 24 ways.
This contains 2 mapping such that all 4 element of A can be mapped with one element of B such that
f  x   y 1 or f  x   y 3 , i.e. 2 ways. So, for onto functions, it must be 24  2  14.
 Total number of onto functions f : A  B is 14  7 C3 .
40.(B) Sum of the digits in the unit’s place of all the 4 digit numbers   4  1 ! (sum of all four digits)  3! 3  4  5  6   108
41.(D) A number is divisible by 9 if its sum of digits is divisible by 9.
8 9
1  2  3  ....  8   36 is div. by 9
2

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Possible numbers with no repetitions are

(i) 8 digits number excluding 0 & 9  8! (ii) 8 digits number excluding 1& 8  7  7!
(iii) 8 digits number excluding 2 & 7  7  7! (iv) 8 digits number excluding 3 & 6  7  7!
(v) 8 digits number excluding 4 & 5  7  7!  Total number  8! 4  7  7!  36  7!

42.(B) Number of games that n men played between themselves  2  n C2

Number of games that n men played with 2 women  2  2n
 2  n C2  2  2n  66  n  n  1  4n  66
  n  11 n  6   0  n  11
43.(C) x 1  x 2  x 3  ....  x 8  30, xi  2
Let x i  a i  2 then a 1  a 2  a 3  ....  a 8  16  30
a 1  a 2  a 3  ....  a 8  14, ai  0
Total number of ways of dividing n identical items among r persons, each of whom, can receive 0, 1, 2, 3.... or more
n  r 1
items   n   Cr  1
14  8 1 21
 Required number of ways  C8  1  C7

44.(365) =5

Numbers not containing 5

(First digit should not be 0 or 5, 2nd digit should not be 5, 3rd digit should be even))

45.(8) a & b should both be at odd places or even places.

2  (2!) (2!)  8

46.(162)
1st , 2nd identical.
3rd should not be identical 9  9  81
2nd, 3rd, identical
1st not identical & non – zero. 9  9  81
Total = 81 + 81 = 162

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47.(41) Let two particular persons who either serve together or not at all are A and B. Also, let two particular persons who
refuse to serve with each other are C and D.
Case 1: AB in  7 C3  5
C1  35  5  30
AB in – AB in and CD also in
Case 2: AB out  7 C5  5C3  11
AB out – AB out and CD in

48.(126) There is only one arrangement of 5 different numbers in ascending or descending order. For a number to be a 5 digit
zero should not be there while arranging in ascending order.
m  10 C5 , n  9C5

49.(80) Each should belong to different pair and each shoe can have 2 options left or right shoe.
5
C4  24  5 16  80
50.(240)

51.(52) (1) Exactly one 2’s & one 3’s

(3rd digit has 8 options) – (3rd digit is a zero and no. begins with 0)
8
C1  3! – 2!
 8  6  2  46
(2) Exactly two 2’s & one 3’s or one 2’s or two 3’s.
 3! 
2   6
 2! 
46  6  52
52.(126) 5 match series I I I I I  1  4 C4

(Last match won by India and 4 out of 1st 5 won by India) [Here I at any position denotes that particular
match is won by India]
5
6 match series I C4

6
7 match series I C4

7
8 match series I C4

8
9 match series I C4

Total 4 C4  5C4  6 C4  7 C4  8C4  126
53.(8)

3  2n1  384
2n1  128  27
n 1  7  n  8

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54.(10) Let n( A), n( B ), n(C ) denote number of people possessing TV, VCR and tape recorder respectively & A, B, C be
respectively set of teachers possessing them.
n( A)  22, n( B )  15, n(C )  14
n( A  B  C )  1
Exactly two  n( A  B)  n( B  C )  n(C  A)  3n( A  B  C )
9  n( A  B )  n( B  C )  n(C  A)  3 1
 n( A  B )  n( B  C )  n(C  A)  12
Number of teachers possessing at least one
 n( A  B  C )  n( A)  n( B )  n(C )  (n( A  B )  n( B  C )  n(C  A))  n( A  B  C )
 22  15  14  12  1  40
Number of teachers possessing none  50  40  10
55.(144) Total ways in AB are adjacent - Total ways in which AB are adjacent and
CD are adjacent.
AB , C , D, E , F AB, CD, E , F
5!  2!  240 - 4!  2!  2!  96

56.(30) last 2 digits should be 04, 12, 20, 24, 32, 40

Ending with 04, 20, 40  3  (3!)  18
Ending with 12, 24, 32  3  (31  2!)
Starting with O.
3  (6  2)  3  4  12
57.(50) Let A, B, C be the sets of students who read business India, business World and business Today.
n( A)  80, n( B )  50, n(C )  30, n( A  B  C )  5
n( A  B  C )  100
n( A  B  C )  n( A)  n( B)  n(C )  [n( A  B)  n( B  C )  n(C  A)]  n( A  B  C )
100  80  50  30  x  5
x  65
n( A  B )  n( B  C )  n(C  A)  Number of students who read exactly two 3  n( A  B  C )
65  y  3  5 ; y  65  15  50
58.(420) x1  x2  x3  11 or x1  x2  x3  7
y1  y2  7 y1  y2  11
10
C2  6C1  6 C2  10 C1
45  6  15 10
= 270 + 150 = 420

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Binomial

40 10 30
 1
1.(B) Expression  1  x 2    x 
 x
 
 1  x2  x10

30 30
 The coefficient of x 20 in x10 1  x  2
 the coefficient of x10 in 1  x 2    30
C5  30
C25
2.(D) 3.(C)
2n  1
4.(C) R  2 1   R  f ……. (i)
2n  1
 2 1   f    0, 1
2n  1 2n  1
 R  f  f  2 1    2 1  = integer
 f  f   integer
Since f   0, 1 and f    0, 1  1  f  f   1  f  f  0  f f
2n  1 1 2 n 1 1
 f   2 1  
2n  1
From (i),  R    2 1  f 
f
f
 2 1 
2n 2n
5.(C) Given, R  7  4 3   I  f ……. (i) 
Let, 7  4 3   f
2n 2n
 7  4 3  
 74 3   integer
2n
 I  f  f   integer  f  f   integer  f   1 f  7  4 3  
2n 2n
 
R 1  f   7  4 3  7  4 3  1
n
6.(B) Given expression, 1  x   a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  ....  an x n
n
 C0  n C1 x  n C2 x 2  .....  n Cn x n  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  ....  an x n

Equating the coefficient of various powers of x, we get : a0  n C0 , a1  n C1 , a2  n C2 ,...., an  n Cn

n
 a1   a2   an  C0  n C1 n
C1  n C2 n
Cn 1  n Cn
1   1   ..... 1   n

n
.....
n
 a0   a1   an 1  C0 C1 Cn 1
n 1 n 1 n 1
C1 C2 Cn n 1
  ...... (using n Cr  n Cr 1  Cr )
n n n
C0 C1 Cn 1
 1  n  1C 2  n 1C n 1  1
 n 1  2 .... n  Cn

 n n  n!
 C0 C1 Cn 1 
n
 n  1  nC0  n  1  n C1  n  1  nCn  1 1  n  1
  .....  
n n n n! n!
C0 C1 Cn  1
7.(D)

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n
 1r 1 1 1 1 1
8.(A)  n
Cr

n
C0

n
C1

n
C2

n
C3
 ....... 
n
Cn
0
r0
n
Cr 2
9.(C) For r  0 , we have   n  2 Cr  2
r 2
Cr  n  1 n  2 
n  n  n
C 2 r 1
   2 r  r  2 r  

Cr   n  1 n  2 
 n  2 C r  2  2  
2  n  1 n  2   n  2 C r  2  2  r  2
r0  r0
n2
1

2  n  1 n  2   n  2 C s  2  s [Putting r + 2 = s]
s2

 n 2 
1 n 2 5 0 1
  Cs  2   n  2 C0  2   n  2 C1  2  

2  n  1 n  2   
s  0 
1 1  2  n  2  1  2  n  2  

2  n  1 n  2   

 1  1
 2 n  1 n  2  2n  4  , if n is even
 n  1 , if n is even
   
 
 1
 2n  3  1 , if n is odd  1 , if n is odd
 2  n  1 n  2   n  2

4 5
10.(B) Given that T5  T6  0  n
C4 a n  4  b   n C5 a n  5  b   0
n
n a C5 n4
 C4 a  n C5b  0   
b n 5
C4
100
100 100 100
11.(C)  100 Cr  x  3 100  r 2r    x  3  2    x  1  1  x 
r0
53 100
 Coefficient of x53   1 C53   100
C53
 3 5 
1 47 C4  50  j 56  k
12.(C) Let, X 
57
C4 
C3   C53 k 
 
 j0 j0 
57
1 C4
 57
 47 C 
C4 
4  47
C3  48
C3  49
C3  50
C3   51
C3  .....  56

C3  
 57
C4
1

1 1
13.(D)
81 n 1  10  2n
C1  102  2n
C2  ....  102 n   81 n
1  10 2n  1
8
 1 
14.(A) Let the term containing x7 in the expansion of  ax 2   is Tr  1 .
 bx 
r
8 r  1  a8 r 163r
 Tr 1  8Cr ax 2    
 bx 
 8
C r
br
x

Since, this term contains x7  16  3r  7  r  3

VMC | Final Step-A 80 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

8
 1  a5
 Coefficient of x7 in the expansion of  ax 2    8 C3  …… (i)
 bx  b3
8
 1 
Also, the term containing x 7 in the expansion of  ax  2  is TR 1
 bx 
R
8 R  1  R 8 a8 R 83 R
TR 1  8CR  ax    2    1 CR R  x
 bx  b
Since, this term contains x 7  8  3R   7  R=5
8
 1  5 a3
 Coefficient of x 7 in the expansion of  ax  2    1 8C5  5 …… (ii)
 bx  b
a5 a3
From (i) and (ii) also from according to the question : 8
C3   8
C5   a 2b 2  1  ab  1
3 5
b b
12
15.(A) We have, 1  t 2   1  t 1  t  12 24

 1  C t  C t  C t  ...  C t
12
1
2 12
2
4 12
3
6 12
6
12

 ...  12 C12 t 24 1  t12  t 24  t 36 
12
 Coefficient of t 24 in 1  t  1  t 1  t   C 2 12 24 12
6 2

16.(C) Terms greater than 5!

i.e.  5!2 ,  6!2 ,....., 100!2 is divisible by 100. 
2 2
For terms  5! ,  6! ,....., 100!
2

Remainder is 0.
2 2 2 2
Now, consider 1!   2!   3!   4!  1  4  36  576  617
When 617 is divided by 100, its remainder is 17  Required remainder is 17.

17.(D)  7
    
C0  7 C1  7 C1  7 C2  ....  7 C6  7 C7  8C1  8C2  .....  8 C7  8 C0  8C8  8 C0  8C8    
8
 1  1  2  28  2

18.(C) 1  x 15  a0  a1x  a2 x 2  ....  a15 x15

15 15 15
 C0  C1 x  C2 x 2  .....  15
C15 x15  a0  a1x  a2 x 2  ....  a15 x15
15 15 15 15
Equating the coefficient of various powers of x, we get : a0  C0 , a1  C1 , a2  C2 ,...., a15  C15
15 15 15 15
ar Cr
  r
ar 1
  r
15
Cr 1
  15  r  1  120
r 1 r 1 r 1

19.(B) n2
Cr  2  n 2
Cr 1  n2
Cr  2   n 2
 
Cr  n  2 Cr 1  n  2 Cr 1  n  2 Cr  2 
 n 1
Cr  n 1
Cr 1  n
Cr 1  n Cr  n 1Cr  2 
 n Cr

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
20.(B) C8  C9  C6  C7  C8  C9  C9  C8  0

VMC | Final Step-A 81 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

21.(B) 18
 
C15  2 18 C16  17 C16  1  nC3
18 18 18 17 17
 C15  C16  C16  C16  C17  nC3  19
C16  18
C16  18
C17  n C3
19 19
 C16  C17  n C3  20
C17  n C3  20
C3  n C3  n = 20
2016 x
22.(A) Given series is G.P. with a  1  x  ,r and n  2017.
1 x
 2017 
x 
1  x 2016 1    
2017  2016
 
 x
1  2016  x 

x
 ai x i
  1  x 2016 1     1  x    ai xi
1 i0   1 x   i0
1 x
1  x 2017  x2017  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  ......  a2016  x 2016
2017!
Equating, a17  coeff. of x17  2017
C17  .
17! 2000!
15  15 C  15 15 15 15
 16  r  15 16 15  16  31
23.(B)  r2  r 
 15 Cr 1 
 r2 
 r 


 16 r  r 2
 16 
r  r 2  16 2
  
6
 680
r 1   r  1 r  1 r  1 r  1

n
Cr r 1
24.(B) 
n nr
Cr  1
n
Let three successive terms in the expansion of 1  x  be rth,  r  1 th and  r  2  th tems.

T r  n Cr  1 x r 1 , T r  1  n Cr x r , T r  2  n Cr  1 x r 1

Given n Cr  1 : n Cr : n Cr 1  1 : 7 : 42
n
Cr  1 1 r 1
    8r  n  1 …… (i)
n
Cr 7 n   r  1 7
n
Cr 7 r 1 1
   7r  6  n …… (ii)
n 42 nr 6
Cr  1
Solve (i) and (ii), r  7 First of these terms is 7th

n
25.(C) Number of terms in 1  x  is n  1.
100 100 100
1  x 101 1  x2  x   1  x 1  x 
100
1  x  x  2

 1  x  1  x3 
After expansion, all the terms are distinct.
 Number of terms in the expansion  2 100  1  202

26.(B) Let coeff. of rth term = coeff. of  r  1 th term

55 55   r  1
55   r 1 1 1 Cr
55
Cr  1 2   55
Cr 255  r   6   r 8
r 1 r 55 r
3 3 Cr  1
 8th & 9th terms

VMC | Final Step-A 82 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

15 r r
2
27.(D) T r 1  15
 
Cr x 2   
x
15
Cr  2r  x30  3r

For coeff. of x15 , 30  3r  15  r5

For independent of x, 30  3r  0  r  10
15
C5  25 1 1
Req. ratio   
15 10 5 32
C10  2 2

9 6
 3  6 33 3 6
28.(B) T 7  729  9
C6 
3 
 84 
 3 ln x   729  9
C6 
84
 3  ln x   729

  ln x 6  1  ln x   1  x  e or x  e 1

10  r r
10 5
29.(D) T r 1  Cr 2 2 3
10  r r
Terms to be rational, and must be rational.
2 5
10  r
to be rational, r  0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
2
r
to be rational, r  0, 5, 10
5
10
Common values of r  0, 10  Sum  C0 25  10
C10 32  32  9  41

r
18  r  
 1 18  2r
 1  1
30.(A) Tr  1  18Cr  x 3   1  
18
Cr x 3 
 
 3  2r
   2x 
18  2r 18  2r
For coeff. of x 2 ,  2  r  12 ; For coeff. of x 4 ,  4  r  15
3 3
1 1
m  coeff. of x 2  18C12  ; n  coeff. of x 4  18C15 
212 215
18
m C12 215
   182.
18
n C15 212

8 8
 1  1  1
31.(A) Given  1   3x 5  2 x 2   Now consider  2x 2  
 x  x  x
8 r r
 1
 
Tr  1  8Cr 2 x 2 8
    Cr 2
 x
8 r
 1r x16  2r  r
For independent of x, 16  3r  0  r  16 / 3. Not possible.
For coeff. of x, 16  3r  1  r5

For coeff. of x 5 , 16  3r   5  r7

VMC | Final Step-A 83 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

8
 1  1
The term independent of x in the binomial expansion of  1   3x 5  2 x 2   is obtained when we multiply the
 x  x
8 5
 1  1  1   1
coefficient of x in  2x 2   with    in  1   3x5  and multiply the coefficient of x 5 in  2x 2   with
 x  x  x   x
 1 
3x5 in  1   3 x5  .
 x 
 Term independent of x
5 7
 8C5  28  5       1  8C7  28  7   1  3  8  7  8  8  6  400
n
32.(D) In 1  x  , Tr  1  nCr x r
n
Coeff. of x r in 1  x   n Cr
1000 x
Given series is in G.P. with a  1  x  ,r and n  1001
1 x
 1001 
x 
1  x 1000 1   
 Sum 
a 1 rn   

 1 x   
 1  x 
1000 x

1001 
  x  1  1  x 
1001
 x1001
1 r x 1  x
1  
1 x
1001
 x1001  1001 1001!
 Coeff. of x50 in 1  x  C50 
 50 !951!
33.(C) 1  x n  n C0  n
C1 x  n C2 x 2  ....  n Cn x n
5
2 3 4 5
and 1  x 2  x5   ai 1  x i  a 0  a 1 1  x   a 2 1  x   a 3 1  x   a 4 1  x   a 5 1  x 
i0

Equation coeff. of x , x 4 , x3 and x 2 , we get :

5

a 5  1, a 5  5 C4  a 4  4 C4  1,

a 5  5C3  a 4  4 C3  a 3  3C3  0 and a 5  5C2  a 4  4 C2  a 3  3C2  a 2  2 C2  0 resp.

 a 5  1, 5 a 5  a 4  1  a 4   4,
10 a 5  4 a 4  a 3  0  a 3  6, 10 a 5  6 a 4  3 a 3  a 2  0  a2  4

34.(6) The general term is

Tr 1  nCr ( x) n  r (a )r ; T2 r  4  18C2 r  3 (1)18  2 r  3 ( x )2 r 3

Tr  2  18Cr 3 (1)18  r  3 ( x) r  3
Given that coefficient are equal then
18
C2 r  3  18Cr  3

{when nC x  nC y then x = y or x + y = n}
So, 2r + 3 + r – 3 = 18
r=6

VMC | Final Step-A 84 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

35.(60) Coefficient of x5 in (1  x 2 )5 . (1  x)4

(1  5C1 x 2  5C2 x 4  5C3 x 6 ) (1  x )4

(1  5 x 2  10 x 4 ) (1  x )4

Coefficient of x5  5. 4C3  10. 4C1

= 5.4 + 10.4
= 20 + 40 = 60
36.(990) (1  x  x 2  x3 )11

 ((1  x )  x 2 (1  x))11

 (1  x)11 (1  x 2 )11

 (1  11C1 x  11C2 x 2  11C3 x3  11C4 x 4 )

(1  11C1 x 2  11C2 x 4 )

 (1. 11C2 x 4  11C2 x 2 . 11C1 x 2  11C4 x 4 .1)

 ( 11C2  11C4  11C2 11C1 ) = coefficient of x 4

= 990
n4
37.(9) (1  x 2 )2 .(1  x )n   ak .xk
k 0

 a0 x 0  a1 x1  a2 x 2  a3 x 3 

a1 , a2 , a3 are the coefficient of x1, x 2 , x3 in the expansion of (1  x 2 )2 (1  x)n

Now, (1  x 2 )2 (1  x)n

(1  2 x 2  x 4 )(1  x)n

a1  coefficient of x1  nC1  n
n(n  1) n2  n  4
a2  coefficient of x 2  nC2  2. nC0  2
2 2
n(n  1)(n  2) n(n 2  3n  14)
a3  coefficient of x3  nC3  2. nC1   2n 
6 6
a1 , a2 , a3 are in A.P.
2a2  a1  a3
 n2  n  4   n 2  3n  14 
2   n  n 
 2   6
   
 6  n 2  3n  14 
n2  n  4  n  
 6
 
6n2  6n  24  n(n 2  3n  20)

6n2  6n  24  n3  3n 2  20n
n3  9n 2  26n  24  0

VMC | Final Step-A 85 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

Putting n = 2
8 – 36 + 52 – 24 = 0
60 – 60 = 0
 n = 2 is a root
(n – 2) is a factor
n2  7n  12
n  2 n3  9n 2  26n  24

n3  2 n 2
 
2
7n  26n

 7n 2 14n
 
12n  24

12n  24
 

(n  2)(n 2  7n  12)  0
(n – 2) (n – 3) (n – 4) = 0
n = 2, 3, 4 sum = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9
38.(1) (7  4 3)n  p  

G  (7  4 3)n
 G 1

G ( P  )  (7  4 3) n (7  4 3) n  (49  48)n  1
1 n
39.(243) f (n ) ( C0 a n  n C1a n 1  n C2 a n  2   (1)n 1 nCn 1a )
a
1 1 n /223
 ((a  1)n  (1)n nCn ) 
a a
3 
 (1) n 
3n /223  (1)n
f (n) 
(31/223  1)

32007/223  1
f (2007) 
31/ 223  1
32008/223  1
f (2008) 
31/ 223  1
32007/223  32008/223
f (2007)  f (2008) 
31/ 223  1
1
9
39  3 223 (1  31/223 )
  39  39
31/ 223  1 (1  31/223 )

39  81k k  35  243

VMC | Final Step-A 86 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

 30  30   30  30   30  30   30  30 
40.(40) Let               
0 10 1
         11 2 12  20  30 
 A  30C0 . 30C10  30C1 . 30C11  30C2 . 30C12  30C20 . 30C30

= coefficient of x 20 in (1  x)30 (1  x)30

= coefficient of x 20 in (1  x 2 )30

 (1)10 30
C10

 30C10  xC y  x  30, y  10
9
 b 
41.(0) t r 1 in  ax  2 
 x 
r
 b 
t r 1  9Cr (ax )9  r  2 
x 
x9  r
 9 Cr a 9  r b r
x 2r
 9 Cr a 9  r b r x 9  3 r

For x3 , 9 – 3r = 3 so r = 2
Coefficient  9Cr a9  r br  9C2 a 7 b 2
9
 b
Similarly, t r 1 in  ax 2  
 x
r
 b
t r 1  9Cr (ax 2 )9  r   
 x
 9Cr a9  r (b)r x18  3r

For x 3 ; 18 – 3r = –3 so r = 7
Coefficient  9Cr a9  r (b)r  9C7 a 2 (b)7
Comparing both coefficients
9
C 2 a 7 b 2  9 C 7 a 2 ( b ) 7

a7 b2  a 2 b7 (9C2  9C7 )

a 5  b 5  ( b )5
So, a=–b
a+b=0
42.(98) t5  nC4

t6  nC5

t7  n C6
Given, t5 , t6 , t7 are in A.P. so 2t6  t5  t7
2 nC5  n C4  n C6

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2n ! n! n!
 
5!(n  5)! 4!(n  4)! 6!(n  6)!
2  
 
5!(n  5)! 4!(n  4)! 6!(n  6)!
5!(n  5)! 5!(n  5)!
2 
4!(n  4)! 6!(n  6)!
5 (n  5)
2 
(n  4) 6
30  (n  4)(n  5)
2
6(n  4)
12(n – 4) = 30 + (n – 4) (n – 5)
n2  21n  98  0
(n – 7) (n – 14) = 0 thus, n = 7, 14
(100  r )
100
43.(17) t r 1  Cr x 2 ( y1/3 )r
100  r r
So, should be integer as well as should be integer, r = 0, 6, 12, 18,……,96
2 3
Thus, r can assume total 17 terms.
44.(6) (1  ax)n  n C0  n C1 ax  n C2 a 2 x 2 
n(n  1) 2 2
 1  na x  a x  
1.2
 1  8 x  24 x 2 
So, na = 8
n(n  1) 2
a  24
2
Solving n = 4, a = 2, n+a=6
256  r
45.(33) t r 1  256Cr ( 3)256  r ( 8 5)r  256Cr 3 2 5r /8

256  r r
 I as well as  I
2 8
r = 0, 8, 16,…, 256 Total terms = 33
2 3
46.(10) Let S  1  2 x  3x  4 x 
xS  x  2 x 2  3x3 
1
(1  x) S  1  x  x 2  x3  
(1  x )
1
S
(1  x)2
Let Z  [(1  x )2 ]2  (1  x )4
4(4  1) 2
Z  1  4x  x
2!
4(4  1) 20
Coefficient of x 2    10
2! 2

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 Vidyamandir Classes

th
6 
47.(2) Middle term of (1  k x)6 is   1 term t 4  6C3 (k x)3
2 
th
8 
Middle term of (1  k x )8 is   1 term
2 
t 5  8C4 (  k x ) 4
Since coefficient are equal so compare the values of coefficients
6
C3 k 3  8C4 (k ) 4 (free from x)
654 3 87 65 4
k  k
1 2  3 4  3  2 1
87 4
4k3  k
4
2
k
7
8
 1 1/3 1/5 
48.(7)  2 x  x 
The general term
8 r
1 
Tr 1  8Cr  x1/3  ( x 1/5 ) r
2 
8 r r
1 
8
 Cr x 3 5
28  r
For term independent of x
8r r
 0
3 5
r=5
1
T6  8C5 3  7
2

VMC | Final Step-A 89 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

Conic Section
t
1.(B) We have, x 2  2  2 cos t and y  4 cos 2
2
1  cos t 
 x 2  2  2 cos t and y  4    x 2  2  2 cos t and y  2 1  cos t 
 2 
 x2  2 
 y  2 1    y  2x 2
2
 x2  4  y  x2    y  4 
 2 
which is an equation of parabola having vertex at (0, 4).

3x  4 y  7
2.(D) The equation of parabola is  x  2  2   y  3 2 
 3  2   4  2
Clearly, its focus is (2, 3) and the equation of directrix is 3 x  4 y  7  0
 Length of the latusrectum = 2  Length of perpendicular from the focus (2, 3) on the directrix

3 2  4 3 7 2
 Length of the latusrectum  2 
2 2 5
3   4 
3-6. 3.(B) 4.(A) 5.(C) 6.(A)

7.(A) For y 2  32 x, a  8
1
 
Then, any point on the parabola is 8t 2 , 16t , then the point P  2 ,  8 , we get : t  
2
.

1
Now, if PQ is the focal chord and point  is 8 t 12 , 16 t 1   then t 1    2. Hence, the point  has co-ordinate
t
 32, 32  .
8.(A) Here, M OA . M OB  1
2 2
 .  1  t1t2  4 . . . .(i)
t1 t2
k 2 2k
M OP . M AB  1  .  1  t1  t2  . . . .(ii)
h t1  t 2 h
Equation of chord AB, is y  t1  t2   2 x  2at1t2 , passes through (h, k)

 k  t1  t2   2 x  2at1t2 . . . .(iii)
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get :
 2 k 
k .   2 h  8a
 h 
  y 2  x 2  4ax or x 2  y 2  4ax  0 is required locus.

VMC | Final Step-A 104 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

9.(C) Let PQ be a double ordinate of x 2  4by and let R(h, k) be a point of trisection. Let the coordinates of P be (x, y). Then,
x  3h ; y  k

But (x, y) lies on x 2  4by  9h2  4bk

Hence, the locus of (h, k) is 9 x 2  4by

t1 2 2
10.(D) tan   
t12 4 t1
2
tan  90    
t2
 t1  2 cot  and t 2  2 tan 

t14 t12

VA 16 4 cot 4   cot 2  cot  . cos ec
Now,     cot 3 
VB t24 t22 4
tan   tan 2 tan  . sec 

16 4
 b  D 
11.(D) We know that the vertex of the parabola given by y  ax 2  bx  c is at  , .
 2a 4a 
a3 x2 a2 x  3 35a 
So, the coordinates of the vertex of the parabola y    2a are  , 
2 3  4a 16 
Then, if (h, k) are the coordinates of the vertex.
3 35a 105
Then, h   and k    hk 
4a 16 64
105
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is xy 
64

12.(C) Equation of chord of contact of tangents from T (h, k) is yk  2  x  h  . . . .(i)

Also, equation of chord is 4 x  7 y  10  0 . . . .(ii)
Since, equations (i) and (ii) are same,
2  k 2h
  
4 7 10
5 7
 h ,k 
2 2
5 7
 Point of intersection point of tangents is  , 
2 2

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13.(A) Equation of tangent at P

 yt  x  at 2  x  yt  at 2  0
As (h, k) is foot of perpendicular from (0, 0)


h  0 k  0  at
 
2
 
1 t 1 t2
k2
2 a.
k at h2
 t
h
and h  
1 t2
 h
k2
  
x x 2  y 2  ay 2
1
h2
14.(C) Equation of chord AB, is y  t1  t2   2 x  2at1t2 passing through  1,  1
  t1  t2   2  2t1t2
  t1  t2   2t1t2  2 . . . .(i)
As P  h, k   P  t1t2 , t1  t2 
 h  t1t2 and k  t1  t2 . . . .(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get :
 y  2  x  1

  
15.(B) Let the coordinates of B and C be at12 , 2at1 and at22 , 2at 2 , respectively. 
Then, the coordinates of A are  at1t2 , a  t1  t2  

The equation of any tangent of y 2  4ax is ty  x  at 2

at1t2  a  t1  t2  t  at 2 at12  2att1  at 2 at22  2at1t2  at 2

 p1  , p2  and p3 
1 t2 1 t2 1 t2
Clearly, p2 p3  p12 Hence, p2 , p1 , p3 are in G.P.
2
16.(B) The parabola is  y  1  4  x  1 whose directrix is the Y-axis or x = 0.


Any point on this parabola is P t 2  1, 2t  1 , t  R . 
  
The equation of tangent at P t 2  1, 2t  1 is t  y  1   x  1  t 2

or x  ty  t 2  t  1 . . . .(i)
 t2  t 1
Tangent meets the directrix at Q  0, 
 t 
 
Now, Q is the mid-point of PR. Therefore,
h  t2 1 k  2t  1 t 2  t  1
0 and 
2 2 t
2 2 2
 t  1  h and kt  2r  t  2t  2t  2
 t 2  1  h and 2  t 1  k 
2
On eliminating t, we have 4   1  h 1  k    x  1 y  12  4  0

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 
17.(B) Since, the normal at ap 2 , 2ap to y 2  4ax meets the parabola at aq 2 , 2aq .  
2
Therefore, q  p  . . . .(i)
p
2ap  0 2aq  0
Since, OP  OQ , therefore   1
ap  0 aq 2  0
2

 2
 pq  4  p   p    4 [By equation (i)]
 p
 p2  2
2at1 1
18.(A) Given,   2t1  t2 , y 2  12 x  a=3
2at2 2
Now, 
h  2a  a t12  t22  t1t2   6  3 . 7t12  t2  2t1 
3 2
 h 6  6  k 
and k  at1t2  t1  t 2   6t12 . 3t1  18t13     t1   
 21   18 
12   y 2 3 
 Locus of (h, k) is y 2   x  6 3 i.e. x  3 7    2 
343   18  

 
19.(B) Let at 2 , 2at be a point on the parabola y 2  4ax such that it cuts the parabola again at a t12 , 2a t1 . Then,  
2 2 2
t1  t   t1  t   t1  2 t   AM  GM 
t t t
 t1  2 2
2
Now, OQ   at 2
1 0    2at1  0 
2
 OQ  at1 t12  4  OQ  2a 2 8  4

 OQ  4 6 a
2at2  2at1 2
20.(A) Here, m   . . . .(i)
at22  at12 t2  t1

and 
h  2a  a t12  t22  t1t2  . . . .(ii)

k  at1t2  t1  t2  . . . .(iii)
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get :
 4 km 
h  2a  a   or 2m 2 x  4am2  8a  ym3
m
2 2a 
21.(C)
22.(A) The two parabolas are given by
y 2  4ax . . . .(i)

and y 2  4c  x  b  . . . .(ii)
Equation to any normal of equation (i) is
y  mx  2am  am3 . . . .(iii)
y  m  x  b   2cm  cm3 . . . .(iv)

VMC | Final Step-A 107 Class XI | Mathematics

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If there is any common normal, then equations (iii) and (iv) must be identical. As the coefficients of x and y are equal,
so the constant terms will be equal, hence 2am  am3  bm  2mc  cm3
 m  m 2  c  a   2a  b  2c   0
 
2 a  b  2c
So, either m = 0 or m2 
ca
If m  0 , the common normal is the X-axis.
2 a  b  2c
If m2 
ca
2 a  c  b  b 
m   2 
ca  c  a 
b b b
then, 2   0, 2  2
ca ca ac
23.(A) Let the tangents intersect at P(h, k). Then, lx  my  n  0 will be chord of contact of P. That means lx  my  n  0 and
yk  2ax  2ah  0 will represent the same line.
k 2a 2ah n 2am
Thus,    h ,k 
m l n l l
24.(C) Let P(h, k) be the pole of a focal chord of the parabola y 2  4ax . Then, the equation of chord is ky  2a  x  h   0 .
It passes through (a, 0)
 ah0
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is x  a  0 , i.e. x  a
Clearly, it is the directrix of the parabola
25.(D) The equation of the parabolas are
y 2  4 x  8 y  40  0 . . . .(i) and x 2  8 x  4 y  40  0 . . . .(ii)
We observe that, if we interchange x and y in equation (i), we obtain equation (ii). So, the two parabolas are symmetric
about y = x.
If the two parabolas intersect on y = x, then the minimum distance between them is zero.
On solving y  x and y 2  4 x  8 y  4  0 , we get : x 2  12 x  40  0 which has imaginary roots.
So, the parabolas do not intersect. Consequently, distance between them is not zero.
Minimum distance between the two parabolas is the distance between tangents to the two parabolas which are parallel
to y = x.
On differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t. x, we get :
dy dy x  4
2x  8  4 0  
dx dx 2
x4
If the tangent is parallel to y = x, then 1  x=6
2
On putting x = 6 in equation (ii), we get : y = 7
Thus, the coordinates of a point on parabola (ii) are P(6, 7). The corresponding point on parabola (i) is Q(7, 6).
Hence, required distance = PQ  1  1  2 .

VMC | Final Step-A 108 Class XI | Mathematics

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1
26.(A) The equation of tangent of slope m to the parabola y 2  4 x is y  mx  . This will be a chord of the circle
m
x 2  y 2  4 , if length of the perpendicular from the centre (0, 0) is less than the radius.
1
 2  4m 4  4 m 2  1  0
2
m m 1
 2 2  1  2 2 1 2 1
  m   m  0  m2  0
2   2  2

 2  1  2 1   2 1   2 1 
 m   m  0  m    ,   , 
 2  2   2   2 
      
2
27.(D) The equation of any normal to  x  2   4  y  3 is  x  2   m  y  3   2m  m3
 h h 
If it passes through  1,   1  2  m   3   2 m  m3
 2 2 
 2m3  m 10  h   2  0
This equation will give three distinct values of m1, if f   m   0 has two distinct roots, where
f  m   2m3  m 10  h   2  f   m   6m2  10  h 
h  10
 f m  0  m
6
The value of ‘m’ are real and distinct if h  0 i.e. n  10,  
28.(C) Given equation is 2 x 2  3 y 2  8x  18 y  35  k
2 2
 2x  2 2   3y  3 3  k
So, no locus if k < 0, an ellipse for k > 0 and a point for k = 0.
x2 y 2
29.(A) The coordinates of any point on the ellipse 2  2  1 , whose eccentric angle is  are  a cos  , b sin   .
a b
 b2 
The coordinates of end points of latusrectum are  ae,  
 a 

b2 b  b 
 a cos   ae and b sin   
 tan       tan1   
a ae  ae 
30.(B) Let PQ and RS be two chords of the ellipse such that the eccentric angles of P, Q, R and S are  ,  ,  and 
respectively. Suppose, PQ and RS meet major axis at (C, 0) and  C, 0  respectively. Then,
  ca   c  a c  a
tan  tan  and tan tan  
2 2 ca 2 2 c  a c  a
    ca ca
 tan tan tan tan   1
2 2 2 2 ca ca
x2 y 2
31.(A) The equation of tangents to 2  2  1 are given by y  mx  a 2 m 2  b 2 , where m is the slope of the tangent.
a b
5 5
For the ellipse 4 x 2  3 y 2  5 , we have a  ,b  , m  tan 60  3 [Given]
2 3
5 5 65
So, the equations of tangents are y  3 x  3  y  3x 
4 3 12

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x2 y2
32.(D) Let PQ be any tangent to the ellipse   1 which cuts the
a2 b2
x2 y2
ellipse  1 . . . .(i)
a  a  b  b  a  b
At P and Q.
Assume that tangents P and Q are at right angles, then the points A(h, k) will lie on the director circle by 2nd ellipse.
 (h, k) will lie on x 2  y 2  A2  B 2

x2  y 2  a  a  b   b  a  b    a  b  2
Since (h, k) lie on it.
2
 h2  k 2   a  b  . . . .(ii)
Also PQ is chord of contact of (h, k) w.r.t. equation (i)
hx ky
  1
a  a  b  b  a  b

x2 y2 2
It will be tangent to   1 , if a 2l 2  b2 m2  n2  h2  k 2   a  b 
2 2
a b
which is correct by equation (ii). Therefore, assumption that tangents subtends an angle of 90 is corrects.

b 2
33.(C) We know that, PG  b cos 2   a 2 sin 2  . . . .(i)
a
Let S and S  be the foci and P be any point (x, y), then
n1  SP .S P
  a  ex  a  ex   a 2  e2 x 2


 a 2  e 2 a 2 cos 2   [ x  a cos  for point P]

 
 a 2  b2  a 2 cos 2   b2  a 2  a 2 e 2 
 

 a2 1  cos    b
2 2
cos 2   a 2 sin 2   b2 cos 2   n1  a 2 sin2   b2 cos 2 

b
Hence, from equation (i), we get : PG  rr1
a
x2 y2 
34.(C) The equation of normals to the ellipse   1 at the points whose eccentric angles are  and   are
2 2 2
a b
respectively.
ax sec   by cosec   a 2  b 2 and ax cosec  by sec   a 2  b 2
Since,  is the angle between these two normals, we have
a a
tan   cot  ab  tan   cot  
b b 2ab 2ab
tan     
1 2
a 2 2
b a 2
sin 2 b2  a 2   a 2

 b 2 sin 2
b
2cot  a 2  b2 e2
  
sin 2 ab 1  e2

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35.(C) Normal is given by 4 x sec   2 y cos ec  12

Coordinates of Q   3 cos  , 0 
Let M   ,  
3 cos   4 cos d  7 cos 
  
2 2
2 2 sin 
 cos    and    sin   
7 2
Now, cos 2   sin2   1
4 2 4 2
   2 1  x  y2  1
49 49
Now, the latusrectum of given ellipse x 2  4 y 2  16 is x  2 3 .
4 2
Solving x  2 3 and x  y2  1 .
49
48 1 1
We have,  y2  1  y2   y
49 49 7
 1
 The point of intersection are  2 3 ,  
 7
 b2 
36.(B) The coordinates of extremity of the latusrectum which lies in the first quadrant are  ae, .
 a 

a2 x b2 x
The equation of normal at  x1 , y1  is
x1

y1

 a 2  b2 
 b2  a 2 x b2 y
Therefore, the equation of normal at  ae,  is  2  a 2  b2
 a  ae b /a
 
 
ax  aey  e a 2  b2   ax  aey  ea 2e 2  x  ey  ae3

This passes through the extremity of the minor axis, i.e.  0,  b 

 0  eb  ae3  0  0  ae 2  b 2  a 2 e4   
a 2 1  e2  a 2e4

 e4  e2  1  0
37.(A) Let P  4 cos  , 3 sin  be a point on the given ellipse such that its distance from the centre (0, 0) of the ellipse is equal
43
to the mean of the lengths of the semi-major and semi-minor axes, i.e. OP 
2
7 49
 16 cos 2   9 sin 2    7 cos 2  9 
2 4
13 1 15
 cos 2    cos    and sin   
28 28 28
91 105  2 91 3 105 
 cos    and sin    Hence, the required points are given by P   , 
14 14  7 14 

38.(A) Let P  3 cos  , 2 sin  be a point on 4 x 2  9 y 2  36 . The equation of the tangent at P is 2 x cos   3 y sin   6
This meets the tangents at extremities of major axis at T & T  . The equation of the circle with TT  as diameter is
x 2  y 2  4 y cosec   5  0
Clearly, it passes through ( 5, 0)

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2
39.(B) Given, eccentricity of an ellipse 
3
and length of latusrectum = 5
2b 2
We know that, length of latusrectum of an ellipse is
a
2b2 2 4
  5 and e   2b2  5a and e 2 
a 3 9
a 2  b2 4  a 2  b2 
 2b2  5a and   e 
a2 9 
 a 2 
9  5a
 9a 2  9b2  4a 2  5a 2  9b2  5a 2 
2
9 45
Thus, a and b 
2 2
x2 y2 4x2 4 y2
 Equation of ellipse is  1 i.e.  1
2 2 81 45
9  45 
   
2  2 
40.(C)
41.(A) The line y  mx  6 is a tangent to the hyperbola
x2 y 2
 1
100 49
17
 62  100m 2  49  36  100m2  49  m
20
42.(A) Let equation of tangent of hyperbola x 2  y 2  a2 at point  a sec  , a tan   is x sec   y tan   a .

Area of triangle formed by line x  y  0 , x  y  0 and x sec   y tan   a .

Coordinates of A, B and C are  0, 0  , a  sec   tan   , a  sec   tan   a  sec   tan   ,  a  sec   tan  

0 0 1
1
 Area of ABC  a  sec   tan   a  sec   tan   1
2
a  sec   tan   a  sec   tan   1
1 1

2
  
 a 2 sec 2   tan 2   a 2 sec 2   tan 2   
2
 2a 2  a 2 sq. units

x2 y2
43.(A) We have, P  a sec  , btan   and   a sec  , btan   and points lie on the hyperbola  1
a2 b2
x2 y2
 PQ is a chord of hyperbola 1 
a 2 b2
Equation of chord of hyperbola joining P  a sec  , btan   and   a sec  , btan   is

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  
x sec   y
x    y         2   tan       1
cos    sin    cos     
a  2  2  2   2     b  2 
a sec  
 2 
  
x sec  
 2   y tan     
   1      2 
a sec  b  2 
x2 y2
The equation of the touches the hyperbola  1
a 2 sec 2  b2
x2 y2 a 2  b2
44.(C) Let P  a sec  , btan   be a point on the hyperbola   1 , where e 
a2 b2 a2
Equation of normal is ax cos   by cot   a 2  b 2
 a 2  b2   a2  b2 
 X-intercept i.e. L , 0  and Y-intercept i.e. M   0, 
 a cos    bcot  
   
Let mid-point of L and M be Q(h, k).
a 2  b2 a 2  b2 2ha 2bk
 h and k or 2  sec  and  tan
2a cos  2b cot  a  b2 a  b2
2

4h 2 a 2 4b2 k 2
 sec 2   tan2   1   1
2 2
 a 2  b2   a 2  b2 
On taking locus of Q(h, k), we get :
4 x2 a 2 4b2 y 2 x2 y2
 1   1
2 2 2 2
 2
a b 2
 2
a b 2
  a2  b2

 2a



 a 2  b2

 2b



   
which is a hyperbola
2 2
 a 2  b2   a 2  b2 
   
 2a   2b 
2
And its eccentricity is e1     
2
 a 2  b2 
 
 2a 
 
1 1
 2 2
2
e12  4a 4b 2  b  a
1 2
b
4a 2
a 2  b2 a 2e2
 e12  
b2 b2
1  a2 1  e
 e12  e2 .  2  2   e1 
2 2
e 1  b e  1  e 1
45.(C) We have, lx  my  n  0
lx n
or y 
m m

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l n
Now, slope m  and c  
m m
2

Then, condition of normal is c 2 a 2  b 2 m' 2  m2 a 2  b 2   
n2  2 l2  l2 2 2

m2 
a  b2
m2
  2 a  b2
 m

 
n2 2

m 2 a m 2 2
 
 b 2l 2  l 2 a 2  b2 
2


a2

b2

a 2
 b2 
l2 m2 n2
46.(C) Let the normal points be  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  ,  x3 , y3  and  x4 , y4 

a 2  x  xi  b 2  y  yi 
Equation of normal is  [where, i = 1, 2, 3, 4]
xi yi
Let these normal passes through the point (h, k)
a2  h  x  b2  k  y 
So,   a 2 y  h  x   b2 x  k  y 
x y
i.e. a 2 y  x  h   b2 x  y  k   0
 c
47.(C) The equation of normal at  ct,  to the hyperbola xy  c 2 is
 t
xt 3  yt  ct 4  c  0 . . . .(i)
 c
Since, equation (i) intersect at hyperbola  ct1 , 
 t1
c
ct1t 3  t  ct 4  c  0
t1
t
 t 3 t1   t4 1  t 3t12  t  t 4 t1  t1  0
t1

 t t
3 2
1 
 t 4 t1   t1  t   0  t 3 t1  t1  t   t  t1  t   0

  t1  t   t 3t1  1  0  t1  t

or t 3t1  1  0  t 3t1  1

48.(C) Let (h, k) be the point of intersection of tangent at the end of normal chord. The equation of normal to the hyperbola
x 2  y 2  a2 at the point  a sec  , a tan  
x cos   y cot   2a . . . .(i)
Equation of chord of contact from the point (h, k) is
xh  yk  a 2 . . . .(ii)
Since, equations (i) and (ii) are identical, then

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cos  cot  2 a a
   sec   and tan  
h k a 2h 2k
a2 a2
 sec 2   tan2   1   1
4h 2 4k 2
k 2  h2 4

2 2
h k

a2
  
a 2 k 2  h 2  4h2 k 2

On taking locus of (h, k), we get : a 2 y 2  x 2  4 x 2 y 2 

49.(D) We have,  xi , yi  , i  1, 2, 3, 4 are the points on the rectangular hyperbola xy  c 2 .
 c
Equation of normal to the hyperbola xy  c 2 at point  ct, 4 3
 is ct  t x  ty  c  0
 t
It passes through (h, k) then ct 4  t 3h  tk  c  0
Which is a biquadratic in t.
h k
Let its roots be t1 , t2 , t3 and t 4 , then  t1  ,  t1t2  0 ,  t1t2 t3   and t1t 2t3t4  1
c c
h
Now,  xi  c  t1  c .  h
c
 k
c .  
 1   t1t2 t3   c k
and  yi  c     c  
 t1   t1t2 t3t4  1
 x1  x2  x3  x4  y1  y2  y3  y4  hk  using x x x x  c 4 t t t t  c 4 
  1 2 3 4 1234
x1 x2 x3 x4 c 4  
hk

c4
50.(B) For hyperbola, e  1.
9e 2  18e  5  0   3e  5  3e  1  0  e  5 / 3 as e  1/ 3.
Focus  5, 0  and directrix x  9 / 5.
9 a  1 16 5 3
5  ae   a  e     a    a3
5 e  e 5 3 5
 25 
  9 

b 2  a 2 e2  1  9   1   16  a 2  b2  9  16   7.

x2 y2
51.(D) For  1 …… (i)
a2 b2
xx 1 yy1

Tangent at x 1 , y1 is  a 2

b2
1

Any point on (i) is taken as  a cos , b sin  

x2 y 2
 A point on 
27 3

 1 is P 3 3 cos , 3 sin  

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x  3 3 cos  y  3 sin 
 Tangent at P is  1
27 3
3 3   3 
Which intersect x-axis at A  , 0 and y-axis at B  0, .
 cos    sin  
   
1 1 3 3 3 9
 Area of  AOB   OA OB      9
2 2 cos  sin  sin 2
 Minimum area  9 {Max. value of sin 2  1 }
52.(D) Equation of normal at P  t  is y  tx  2at  at 3 .

 
It passes through Q  t1  i.e. at12 , 2at1 , then 2at1  t  at12  2at  at 3

2  2
 2  t  t1   t  t  t1  t  t1   t1   t   t  
t  t
4
 t 12  t 2  4 …… (i)
t2
4
t2 
 A.M.  G.M.  t2  t2  4  t2 
4
4
2 t2 t2
From (i), t 12  4  4  t 21  8  Minimum value of t 12 is 8.

x2 y 2 x2 y 2
53.(D)  4   1
3 4 12 16
Its major axis is y-axis and foci  0,  2 
 Vertices of hyperbola are  0,  2 
y2 x2
Hyperbola,  1
a2 b2
3
a  2, e 
2
9 
 
b 2  a 2 e2  1  4   1  5
4 
y 2 x2
 Hyperbola is  1
4 5
 
Clearly, 5, 2 3 does not lie on it.
2
x y2
54.(C) Hyperbola  1
4 9
c  a 2  b 2  4  9  13


Foci   c, 0    13, 0 
c 13
Eccentricity e 1  
a 2
1
Given e 1 e 2 
2

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13 1 1
 e2   e2 
2 2 13
As ellipse passes through foci of the hyperbola, so for ellipse, a  13
b2 1 b2
e 22  1    1  b 2  12
2 13 13
a
x2 y 2
 Ellipse is  1
13 12
1 3
All the given points except  13,  lie on this ellipse
2 2 

x2 y2
55.(C) Ellipse
a 2

b 2
, b 2  a 2 1  e2  
Foci F1  ae, 0  and F 2   ae, 0 
2b2
Latus rectum 
a
1
Given F1 F 2  (length of latus reactum)
2
1  2b 2 
 2ae  
2  a



 
2a 2 e  b 2  a 2 1  e 2 
2  4  4   b  b2  4ac 

 e 2  2e  1  0  e  Use x  
2 1  2a 
2  2 2
 e  1 2  e  2  1,  0  e  1
2
56.(B) Double ordinate PQ is a line perpendicular to the axis of the parabola.

 
Let P be  x 1 , y 1 , so Q is  x 1 ,  y 1 ,  
To find locus of R, let R be  h, k 
Given PR : RQ  2 :1
 2 x1  x 1
 h   x1
3
2 y 1  y 1  y1
k 
3 3
 x 1   h and y 1  3 k

 
Since  x 1 , y 1 lies on y 2   4 x

 y 21  4 x 1

  3k 2  4   h   9k 2   4h
To find locus of R, replace h by x and k by y
 Locus of R is 9 y 2   4 x

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x2 y2
7.(A) For  1
a2 b2
F1 B F2  90 (given), F1  ae, 0  , F 2   ae, 0 
Clearly, F1 B  F 2 B
 BF1O  45
 OB  0F1  b  ae  e  b/a
b2 1
But e2  1   1  e2  2e 2  1  e2 
2 2
a
58.(B) AB  l
a 2  b2  l 2 …… (i)
1. a  2.0
h  a  3h
1 2
1.0  2.b 3k
k  b
1 2 2
9k 2
From (i), 9h2   l2
4
9 y2 x2 y 2 l 2
Locus is 9 x 2   l2   
4 1 4 9
b2 3
 e  1
2

a 2

59.(C) AA is the common chord. Points of intersections x 2  y 2  9 and y 2  8 x

x2  8x  9  0
 x  9  x  1  0
x  1, x   9 (rejected)

When x  1, y 2  8.1  y  2 2

  
A 1, 2 2 and A 1,  2 2    AA  4 2  L1

Latus rectum  8  L 2
Clearly, L1  L 2

x2 y2
60.(D) For  1
a2 b2
Normal at  a sec , b tan   is

ax cos   by cot   a 2  b 2
 Normal at P  3sec , 2 tan   is
3 x cos   2 y cot   9  4  13 …… (i)
and normal at Q  3sec , 2 tan   is
3 x cos   2 y cot   13

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3 x sin   2 y tan   13 …… (ii)

   /2
(i) sin   (ii) cos 
2 y  cos   sin    13  sin   cos  
 y   13/ 2
x2 y2
61.(C)  1
42 92
Any point on ellipse be P  4cos , 9sin  
x y
 Tangent at P, cos   sin   1
4 9
 A  4sec , 0  , B  0, 9cosec  
1
Req. area  AOB    4 sec  9 cosec 
2
36
  36 as sin 2  1
sin 2

62.(B) Any tangent to y 2  4 ax is

a
y  mx 
m
 A tangent to y 2  4 x is
1
y  mx  as a  1
m
It passes through   2,  1
1
 1   2 m   m  1, m   1/ 2
m
m1  m 2 1  1/ 2
Use tan    tan  3
1  m 1 m2 1  1/ 2

63.(A) y2  6x  F  3/ 2, 0 
Equation of focal chord AB is
 3
y  0  m x  
 2
3m
mx  y  0
2
5
Its distance from vertex  0, 0  
2
 3m / 2 5 5 5
   m2   m
1  m2 2 4 2

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x2 y2

64.(A) Tangent at x 1 , y 1 to  a2

b2
 1 is

xx 1 yy 1
 1
2
a b2
 5
LL  is latus rectum and L  3, 
 2
 5
Tangent at L  3,  is
 2
3x y 5 4 
  1  A  , 0  and  0,  2 
4 5 2 3 
16 20
 OA2  OB 2  4  
9 9
x2
65.(D) x2  8 y,  y2  1
3
8y  3y2  3
  3 y  1 y  3  3
 3 y  1  0, y  3  0

But y  3  0 does not satisfy x 2  8 y

So, 3 y  1  0 is the required line AB
x2 y2
66.(C) Solving
4c 2

c 2 
 1, x 2  y 2  9a 2 , we get x 2  36a 2  4c 2 , y 2  4c 2  9a 2 / 3. 
To intersect at four distinct points, x 2  0, y 2  0

36 a 2  4c 2  0, 4c 2  9a 2  0

 36a 2  4c 2 , 4c 2  9a 2  3a  c, 2c  3a  a, c  0

  3a  c   0, 2c  3a  0   3a  c  2c  3a   0  9ac  9a2  2c 2  0

67.(B) Statement 1 :
x  2y  2  x  2y  2

y2  2x  0  y2  2  2 y  2  0   y  2 2  0
This is a perfect square, so line is a tangent.
When y   2, then x   2
 Tangent at  2,  2  . So, line touches parabola only at   2,  2  .
Statement 2 :
For y 2  4ax, a general tangent is given by
a  a 2a 
y  mx  at  ,
m 2 m 
m 

VMC | Final Step-A 120 Class XI | Mathematics

 Vidyamandir Classes

1  1 1
Comparing with y 2   2 x, we get tangent y  mx  at   , 
2m 2 m
 2m 
1
Put m  , we get the tangent x  2 y  2
2
Statement 2 is a correct explanation for statement 1.

b2 2 1 b2
68.(C) E 1 : eccentricity e 1  1   1  ; E 2 : eccentricity e 2  1 
a2 3 3 16
1
e1 e 2  (given)  b2  4
2
 
Length of mirror axis L 2  2b  4

69.(B) Let the curves intersect at x 1 , y 1  

2 x 2 y dy
  0
 4 dx
 dy  x1 4 dy
      m 1 and 3 y 2  16
 dx  x1 , y1  y1  dx

Now m1 m 2   1
x 1 4 16
     1  64 x 1  3y 31
y 1  3 y 21

 64 x 1  3 16 x 1    4/3  y 3  16 x 
 1 1

xx 1 yy 1
 
70.(D) A tangent at x 1 , y 1 on hyperbola
4

2
1

 4   2 
P , 0  , Q  0, 
 x1   y1 
   


For rectangle OPRQ, R 4 / x 1 ,  2 / y 1 
4 2 x 21 y 21
Here R satisfies   1 as  1
x2 y2 4 2

 
Because x 1 , y 1 lies on the hyperbola.

71.(B) For y 2  4ax

 
Normal at at 2 , 2at , y  t x  2at  at 3

For y 2  4 x, Ends of latus rectum are 1, 2  , 1,  2 

(A) For 1, 2  , a  1, t  1
Normal y  x  2  1 …… (i)
(B) For 1,  2  , a  2, t   1

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Normal y  x   2  1 …… (ii)
Point of intersection of (i) and (ii) is  3, 0  .

72.(32) Let P  at 2 , 2at  be any point on the parabola y 2  4ax and S  a,0 be the focus, then the other end of focal chord

 a 2a 
through P will be Q  2 ,   .
t t 
2
 1
Then, length of focal chord PQ  a  t  
 t
2
1  1
 t   2  a  t    4a
t  t
or PQ  32  4a  32
   32
73.(16) Equation of tangent to parabola y 2  4 x at P  t 2 , 2t  is

ty  x  t 2
Given t 2  1, 4 

1
 Area of APN   AN  PN 
2
1 2

2
 2t   2t 
3
   2t 3  2  t 2  2

 t 2  1, 4 

  max occurs, when t 2  4

3
  max  2  4  2  16 sq units

  16
 2
  2

74.(12) Given parabola y 2  4 x . Now, then ends of latusrectum are P 1, 2  and Q 1,  2  or P t ,2t and Q t1 ,2t1 , Where

2
t  1, t1  1. We know that the other end of normal is given by t2  t 
t

 A t22 ,2t2  and A'  t32 ,2t3 

Where t2  3, t3  3
or A  9,  6  and A '  9, 6 

 AA '  12 units
  12

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75.(5)  SA is perpendicular to BC [ S is focus  a, 0  ]

 2at1  0   2at3  2at2 
  2  2 2 
 1
 at1  a  at3  at2 
 2t1   2 
  2    1
 t1  1  t3  t2 
4t1  t12  t 2  t 3   t 2  t 3 ….(i)
Similarly, 4t 2  t 22  t3  t1   t 3  t1 ….(ii)
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), then
4   t1t 2  t 2 t 3  t 3 t1    1  t1 t 2  t 2 t 3  t 3 t1   5

 t1 t 2  t 2 t 3  t 3 t1  5

76.(3) Equation of tangent in terms of slope  m  of the parabola

1
y 2  4 x is y  mx  .
m
 Point of intersection of tangents is   2,  1 , then

1
1  2m 
m

2m 2  m  1  0

Let m1 , m2 be slopes of the tangents, then

D 1  8  3
m1  m 2   
a 2 2
1
and m1m2  
2
m1  m2 3/ 2
 tan    3
1  m1m2 1 1/ 2

77.(6) Let S be the focus and point of intersection of tangents at P and Q is R.

2
  SR  SP.SQ  4  9  36
 SR 6

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 Vidyamandir Classes

78.(12) Lt f  x   Lt f  x   f  2
x 2 x 2

 Lt a 2h
 Lt

b  2  h   b2
2
 8
h 0 h 0 2h2
2
2  h  b2
 a 2  b Lt 8
h 0 h
2 2
at h  0,  2  h  b  0

 b 2  4 and a 2  8
x2 y2
 Locus of the pair of perpendicular tangents to the ellipse   1 is
a 2 b2
x 2  y 2  a 2  b 2  8  4  12

 r2 12
79.(30)  Major axis on the line y  2 and minor axis on the line x  1
 Centre of ellipse is   1, 2 

 h  1, k  2
Also, 2a  10 and 2b  4
 M  a 2  25
and N  b 2  4
Now, h  k  M  N  1 2  25  4  30
80.(10) Here, a  5, b  4

 b2  a2 1 e2  16  251 e2 

3
 e
5
Foci   3, 0 

Here, SA 2 [ A and A' are vertices ]

Also gives PS  2
 P coincides with A and Q coincides with A'
 PQ  2a  10
81.(4) For ellipse
x2 y 2
9 x 2  16 y 2  144 or  1
16 9
Equation of director circle is
x 2  y 2  25

x2 y 2
This director circle will cut the ellipse   1 at four points.
50 20
Hence, number of points 4

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 Vidyamandir Classes

 2b2
82.(2) We know that, for   the focal chord will be latusrectum with length .
2 a
ab 2 2b 2  ab 2 2b 2
   
    a a2  0 a
a 2 sin 2    b 2 cos2  
 2 2
  2
83.(2) The given lines are
3 x  y  4 3t  0 ….(i)
and 3 tx  ty  4 3  0 ….(ii)
Eliminate ' t ' from Eqs. (i) and (ii), then

3x  y 4 3

4 3 3x  y
 3 x 2  y 2  48

x2 y 2
or  1
16 48

or 48  16  e2 1

e2  4
 e 2
84.(12)
Equation of tangent at  a , 0  is x  a

b
Equation of asymptotes are y   x
a
 P  a , b  , Q  a , b 

1
 Required area   a  2b
2
 ab
  4  3   12 (Here a  4, b  3 )

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 Vidyamandir Classes

 c  c  c
85.(8) othrocentre of triangle formed by the points  ct1,  ,  ct2 ,  and  ct3 ,  on the rectangular hyperbola
 t1   t2   t3 
 c 
xy  c 2 is  , ct1t2t3 
 t1t2t3 
c 1
Here, c 2 and  or t1 t 2 t3   2 c
t1 t 2 t3 2
 Ordinate of orthocenter  c t1t2 t3
c2c
2
 2c2  2 2
8
x2 y 2 2 2 a2
86.(3)    1 and x  y  having origin as their common centre.
a2 b2 4

So, vertex is the nearest point. Hence, shortest distance BA

a a
a 
2 2
a
 f  a, b 
2
4 2
Hence, f  4,6  f  2,3    3
2 2

VMC | Final Step-A 126 Class XI | Mathematics