Catalogue

Calculation ............................................................ 2

Counting ................................................................ 6

Geometry ............................................................... 9

Number theory.................................................... 17

Distance problem ................................................ 21

Word problem ..................................................... 24

Comprehensive problem .................................... 28

Answer ................................................................. 30
 Calculation
Ⅰ Fraction calculation tips
Extract the common factor
1.Calculate:
7 4 7
0.8  53 + 13 + 47  + 11
8 5 8

The overall reduction

2. Calculate:
 3 10
5 − 
 4  10 − 3
2

2 3 4 48 49
1 + 2 + 3 +  + 47 + 48
3. Calculate: 3 4 5 49 50
1 2 3 47 48
3 + 5 + 7 +  + 95 + 97
3 4 5 49 50

2
Split difference
4. Calculate:
1 1 1 1 1
+ + +  + +
1 3 3  5 5  7 97  99 99 101 .

5. Calculate:
2 2 2 2 2
+ + +  + +
3 15 35 323 399 .

Ⅱ Arithmetic sequence
Finding the number of terms
1. Known arithmetic sequence: 15, 19, 23, ...... Which number is 2003 in the sequence?

Finding a certain term

2. The sequence 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 9, 8, 12, ...... is known. Ask: What is the 2000th number in this
sequence? What is the 2003rd number?

3
Summation
3. There are 3 ping pong balls in the box. A magician takes 1 ping pong ball out of the box for the
first time, turns it into 3 and puts them back in the box; he takes 2 balls out of the box for the
second time, turns each into 3 and puts them back in the box; ......; he takes 10 ping pong balls out
of the box for the tenth time, turns each into 3 and puts them How many ping pong balls are in the
box at this point?

Middle term theorem

4. In a mathematics competition, the marks of the eight students who won the first prize form
exactly an equal series with a total score of 656 and the first place has a score of more than 90 (out
of 100). Knowing that all the students' scores are integers, what is the score of the third place
winner?

Number table
5. The natural numbers are arranged in the following table according to a certain pattern, what is
the fifth number in the 60th row?
1
3 5 7
9 11 13 15 17
19 21 23 25 27 29 31
33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49
... ... ... ...

Ⅲ Special calculations
Complex fractions
1. Calculate：
1 1 1
+ +
1
(1) 2 3 4 (2) 3 +
1 1 1
+ 1+
6 7 6

4
Defining new operations
2. Two unequal natural numbers a and b , the larger number is divided by the smaller number, and
the remainder is recorded as a b , such as 5 2 = 1 , 7 25 = 4 . If 11 x = 2 , and x is less than
20, find x ．

Multi-digit numbers
3. Calculate: 99999  22222 + 33333  33333

Solving equations
2x + 4 x + 9
4. =
5 6

Setting elements
1 1
5. Calculate： +
1 1
2+ 1+
1 1
3+ 1+
1 1
4+ 3+
1 1
 + 4+
10 1
 +
10

5
 Counting
Ⅰ Counting method
Marked number method
1. The road from A to B is shown in the diagram and all the turns are at right angles. If you want
to get from A to B by the shortest route, how many different ways are there to go?
B

2. In the diagram below, a bee leaves A and returns home to B. It can only climb from one hive to
the neighbouring hive on the right at a time and is not allowed to go backwards. How many ways
are there to get home?

A B

Orderly split
3. In PE class, 15 children are divided into three groups to play a game, each group has at least 2
players and the number of people in each group is different from each other. How many different
grouping methods are there?

6
Inclusion-exclusion principle
4. In the diagram below, the area of a triangular cardboard, a square cardboard and a circular
cardboard are equal and all equal to 60 cm2. The total area of the shaded part is 40 cm2. The total
area covered by the 3 cardboards is 100 cm2. What is the area of the overlapping part of the 3
cardboards in square centimetres?

5. There are 50 students in the fifth grade class, and each student is holding at least one of the red,
yellow, and blue flags in his or her hand during the sports day. There are 35 people with red flags
in their hands, 27 people with yellow flags in their hands and 20 people with blue flags in their
hands. There are 15 people with both red and yellow flags, 13 people with both yellow and blue
flags in their hands, and 10 people with both red and blue flags in their hands. So how many
people are holding only two colours of flags?

Ⅱ Permutation and combination

The principle of addition and multiplication
1. How many even four-digit numbers can be formed with seven numbers 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8
without repeating digits and less than 5000?

7
2. How many different ways are there to paint "Tianfang" with five colors, requiring the same
color for the same letters and no adjacent letters of the same color? (You may not use all five
colors)

Insert plate method

3. Four natural numbers a, b, c and d satisfy a + b + c + d = 8 , and the four natural numbers can
be equal to each other. How many groups of natural numbers satisfy the requirement?

Binding method
4. 7 people line up to take a picture, which requires A, B, C must be adjacent, and D and E can’t
be adjacent. How many different ways to take a picture?

Geometric counting
5. How many rectangles are there in the figure below?

8
 Geometry
Ⅰ Find the angle
Isosceles triangles and polygons
1. In an isosceles triangle ABC, there are two interior angles whose ratio of degrees is 2:1, then
how many degrees can be the largest angle among the interior angles of triangle ABC?

2. As shown in the figure, 1 = 2 ，3 = 4 ，5 = 130 , solve A .

A

1 5 3
2 4
B C

Setting elements
1 1
3. As shown in the figure, it is known that A = DBC = C = ABC , solve ADB .
2 2
A

?
D

B C

9
Angle transformation
4. As shown in the figure, solve 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 .

5. As shown in the figure, solve A + B + C + D + E + F .

B
A

D
E

Ⅱ Geometric model
Equal height model
1. The length of each side of triangle ABC is 96 cm, as shown in the figure. Divide this triangle
into four triangles of equal area using a folding line. The sum of the lengths of AE and AF is
cm2

10
"Half-area" model
2. As shown in the diagram, ABED is a trapezoid with an area of 450 square centimetres in the
grid diagram. Points F and C are the midpoints of the sides DE and BE respectively. Connect AF
and BF and intersect DC at points G and H respectively, then the area of triangle FGH is cm2

A D

G
F

B C E

3. As shown in the diagram, the side length of square ABCD is 6 cm, how many square
centimetres is the area of parallelogram EDBF?

Equal-area deformation
4. In square ABCD and square CEFG, the sides of square ABCD have length 10, as shown in the
figure. What is the area of the shaded part of the diagram?

11
5. As shown, square ABCD and square ECGF are placed side by side. Knowing that CE = 6 cm,
what is the area of the shaded part in square centimetres?

Butterfly model
6. As shown in the figure, a rectangle is divided into smaller pieces by some straight lines. The
area of triangle ABG is known to be 11 and the area of triangle CDH is 23, find the area of
quadrilateral EGFH.

7. As shown in the diagram, BE and AC divide the rectangle ABCD into 4 pieces. ΔABO has an
area of 3 cm²,AE = 2 cm and BC = 6 cm. ask: What is the area of quadrilateral CDEO in cm²?

12
Bird head model
8.We know that AD=DB, BE=2EC, CF=3FA. If the area of triangle ABC is 24 cm², find the area
of triangle DEF.

Similar model
1 1
9.As shown ∆ABC in the diagram,AE = AB, AD= AC, ED and BC are parallel to each other
4 4
and the area of ∆EOD is 1 cm².So how many square centimeters is the area of the ∆AED?

Ⅲ Circle and sector

Find the perimeter
1. As shown in the figure, a rectangle Ⅰ of length and width 4cm and 3cm respectively is placed on
a straight line. Its diagonal length is exactly 5cm. Let this rectangle rotate 90°clockwise around
vertex B and reach the position of rectangle II. Do this three times in a row and point A reaches
the position of point E. Find the length of the distance traveled by point A.

Find the area

13
2. Line AB is 18cm long, and it rotates 30 degrees clockwise around the three-way point of the
line segment. What is the area of the figure formed? (π is 3.14)

3. Some squares are bounded by some concentric circles as shown in the figure. The radius of the
22
smallest circle is 1 cm, what is the area of the shaded part in square centimeters? (Take = )
7

4. As shown in the figure, In right triangle ABC, the hypotenuse AB=10, BC=5, ∠ABC=60°,
centering on point B, rotate △ABC clockwise by 120°, points A and C reach points E and D
respectively, then what is the area swept by side AC (i.e. the area of the shaded part of the figure)?
(π is taken as 3)

14
5. There is a closed rectangular sheep pen of 20 meters long and 10 meters wide in a pasture, and a
sheep is tied to a rope of 30 meters long in one corner of the pen (see the figure). Q: What is the
range of movement of this sheep? (π is taken as 3.14)

Ⅳ Others
Three-dimensional dyeing
1. After painting the surface of a large rectangular wooden block with red color, divide it into
several small squares of the same size, of which exactly two sides are painted red with exactly 100
small squares, then at least how many small squares should the large rectangular block be divided
into?

2. The figure on the right shows a 4  5  6 cube. If its surface is painted red, how many small
cubes are painted red on one, two, and three sides?

15
Graphics segmentation
3. M is the midpoint of AB, N is the midpoint of CD, and P is the midpoint of EF. Q: What is the
area of triangle MNP in square centimeters?

4. Find the area of the shaded part of the figure below

10

10

Grid cut and complement

5. The area of each small square in the figure below is 1 square centimeter, so how many square
centimeters is the area of the gridded portion?

16
 Number theory
Ⅰ Factors, multiples, prime numbers, composite numbers
Common factors and common multiples
1.In one examination, one seventh of the students who took the test scored excellent, one quarter
scored good, one third scored fair, and the rest scored poor. If less than 100 students took the test,
how many students scored poor?

2.The lowest common multiple of the numbers A and B is 330, the lowest common multiple of the
numbers B and C is 180, and the lowest common multiple of the numbers A and C is 396, so what
is C?

3.It is known that A = 23  3  5 , B = 22  34  52 , C = 32  53  72 .Find the greatest common factor

and the least common multiple of each of the following sets of numbers, with the results expressed
in the form of decomposed prime factors.
(1)A,B; (2)A,C; (3)B,C; (4)A,B,C;

4. How many numbers in a three-digit number have exactly 9 factors?

5. Find the number of factors of 154, the sum of all factors and the sum of the reciprocals of all
factors.

17
6. The natural number n has 8 factors, so how many factors does n 2 have?

Prime numbers and composite numbers

7. A two-digit number is a prime number and after multiplying this two-digit number by 3, the
sum of its digits is a prime number. The two-digit number that satisfies the condition is _____.

8. Let a and b be mutually unequal prime numbers and satisfy b = a − 1 , and what are a and b
5

respectively?

1661
9. The sum of the reciprocals of three prime numbers is , what is the sum of these three
1986
prime numbers?

10. There are 54 pearls in a pair. If a prime number of pearls are taken at a time and just finished
after a number of times, there are a number of different ways to take them; if an odd number of
pearls are taken at a time and just finished after a number of times, there are b number of different
ways to take them. a + b = _____.

18
Ⅱ Digital-value principle and divisible features
Digital-value principle
1. Some new four-digit numbers can be obtained by rearranging the order of the digits of a four-
digit number. There is a four-digit number M with four different digits and no zeros, which is
smaller than the largest of the new numbers by 3834 and larger than the smallest of the new
numbers by 4338. Find this four-digit number.

2. There is an eight-digit number for 2abcdefg ，The product of it and 3 can be expressed
abcdefg 4 . What should be the seven-digit abcdefg ?

Divisible features
3. If the decimal number a 2021b2022 is divisible by 33, how many such decimal numbers are
there?

4. If the six-digit number 201ba7 is divisible by 11 and 13, what is the two-digit number ab ?

5. The four-digit number 3 A8C is divisible by 7 and is a multiple of 55, find the value of (A+C).

19
Ⅲ Others
Perfect square
1. Of all the natural numbers from 1 to 2008, how many numbers are perfect squares when
multiplied by 72?

Remainder
2. When a number greater than 1 is removed from 290, 235 and 200, the remainder is a, a+2 and
a+5 respectively, what is this natural number?

3.(1) What is the remainder of 8 + 8 + 8 + + 82014 divided by 5?

2 3

(2) What is the remainder of 1 + 2 + 3 + + 2001 + 2002 dividing by 7?

2 2 2 2 2

Last few digits

1997
4. Find 3 of the last two digits.

5. How many zeros are there at the end of the score of 1000! ?

20
 Distance problem
Ⅰ Proportional method to solve itinerary
1. A car went from place A to place B. It was originally planned to arrive at place B within 6 hours,
but after driving 50 kilometers as planned, the car suddenly received an emergency notice and the
speed increased by 40%. Finally, it arrived at place B one hour earlier. How many kilometers are A
and B in total?

2. Bob leaves for the company from his home. If everything is normal, it takes 48 minutes to
arrive; However, due to the traffic jam, the speed of the first half of the journey has been reduced
1
by . If he wants to arrive at the company in 50 minutes, how much more should you increase the
5
speed of the second half of the journey from the original speed?

Ⅱ Meeting and chasing

1. A car and a truck drive out from A and B at the same time and go in opposite directions. Two
hours after departure, the distance between the two cars is 141 kilometers. Five hours after
departure, the two cars met. How many kilometers are AB two places apart?

2. Tom and Jerry set out from A and B at the same time and walked in opposite directions. For the
first time, they met 100 meters from the midpoint of A and B, then they kept the same direction
and continued to move forward. After arriving at A and B, they turned around. The second time,
they met at a full distance from B. How many meters is the whole journey?

3. There are two towns, A and B, on a highway. If Jack and Ding start from A and B at the same
21
time and go in opposite directions, Jack will meet Ding 10 minutes after crossing the midpoint; If
Jack starts 10 minutes later than Ding, Jack will meet Ding 6 minutes after the midpoint. How
many minutes does Jack need to start later to make them meet at the midpoint?

Ⅲ Classical distance problem

Train crossing bridge
1. A railroad worker rides along the railroad path at a speed of 10 meters per second, and a train
behind him overtakes him at a speed of 100 meters per second, and It takes 4 seconds from the
locomotive to catch up with the worker until the tail of the train leaves him. Find the length of the
train.

Boat in the river

2. The river between the two docks A and B is 220 kilometers long. The two ships A and B set sail
from the A and B docks at the same time. If they travel face to face, they will meet in 5 hours. If
traveling in the same direction, ship A will catch up with ship B in 55 hours. Find the speed of the
two boats in still water.
Answer: 24 km/h and 20 km/h

22
Circular runway
3. There is a circular runway 600 meters long. Tom and Jerry started from the same point at the
same time. If they ran in different directions, the two would meet after 6 minutes. Tom still needs
4 minutes to get to the starting point. How long do Tom and Jerry each take to run a lap?
Answer: Tom 10 B; Jerry 15

Clock stroke
4. Alex went out to exercise a little after 6:00 in the evening. At this time, the angle between the
hour hand and the minute hand was 110 degrees; When he returned home, it was still more than
ten minutes before 7 o'clock. At this time, the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand
was still 110 degrees. How many minutes did Alex spend exercising outside?

5. The students of Class A and Class B set off from the school to the park at the same time. The
walking speed of both classes is equal to 4 km/h. The school has a car, and its speed is 48 km/h.
This car can sit for one class’s student. In order to make the students in the two classes reach the
park in the shortest time, and the distance between the two places is 150 kilometers. What is the
walking distance of each class?

23
 Word problem
Ⅰ Fraction word problem
1. How many kilograms each of 22% and 27% sugar water are needed to prepare 1000 kg of 25%
sugar water?

2. There are two identical warehouses, it takes A 6 hours, B 7 hours and C 14 hours to move the
goods of one of the warehouses. A and B start to move the goods of one warehouse each at the
same time. At the beginning, C helps A to move first and then goes to help B to move. Finally the
goods of the two warehouses are finished at the same time, then how many hours does C help A?
How many hours did C help B?

3. A, B and C are contracted to do a project, and they are paid a total of $1,800. The details of the
1
project are: A and B work together to complete the of the project. Because A has something to
3
1
do, B and C work together for 2 days to complete of the remaining project. And then the three
4
of them work together for 5 days to complete the project. They are paid for their work according
to the amount completed. How much does A, B, and C each get?

4. The number of men in a certain place is 4 less than 5/9 of the total local population. The number
of women is 6 more than 40% of the total local population. How many people are there in the
local area?

24
5. The fruit company buys 52,000 kilograms of apples, the purchase price is 0.98$ per kilogram.
And the freight and other expenses are 1840$. It is expected that the apples will be lost by 1%. If
they want to make a profit of 17% after all the purchases are sold, the retail price of each kilogram
of apples should be how much?

Ⅱ Classical word problem

Ratio problem
1. Two candles of the same thickness and material have a length ratio of 29:26. After 50 minutes
of burning, the ratio of the length of the longer candle to the shorter candle is 11:9. How many
minutes will the longer one still burn?

2.The ratio of the original money of A and B is 6:5, then A gets 180$ and B gets 30$, then the ratio
of the money of A and B is 18:11. What is the sum of the original money of both of them?

Average problem
3. Master Wang produced an average of 26 parts per day on the first 4 days and 4.8 more parts on
the 5th day than the average of the 5 days. Q: How many parts did Master Wang produce on day 5?

25
Cycle problem
4. Today is January 30th. We write down 130 first, followed by the rule that if the number we just
wrote down is an even number we divide it by 2 and add 2 to it, and if the number we just wrote
down is an odd number we multiply it by 2 and subtract 2 to write it down. So you get: 130, 67,
132, 68 ....... Q: What is the 2016th number in this sequence?

5. What is the final digit of (367367 + 762762 )  123123 ?

Chicken and rabbit problem

6. The rhinoceros, antelope and peacock have a total of 26 heads, 80 feet and 20 horns. It is known
that the rhinoceros has 4 feet and 1 horn, the antelope has 4 feet and 2 horns, and the peacock has
2 feet and no horns. So, how many rhinoceroses, antelopes and peacocks are there?

7. There are 26 bricks, and father and son are competing to carry them. The son got some bricks
when the father arrived. The father saw that the son was carrying too much, so he took half from
the son to himself. The son thought he could do it, and brought half from the father. The father is
angry, so the son had to give the father another 5 bricks. So the father carried 2 more bricks than
the son. How many bricks is the son going to carry at first?

26
Multiples problem
8. Last year, A had 4 times as many books as B. This year, each of them bought 4 more books, so
A has twice as many books as B. How many books did A and B each have last year?

Page problem
9. If a book has 200 page containing the number "2", how many pages are possible in the book?

Excess and Shortage problem

10. A group of people share some candy. If each person divides 7 pieces, there will be 10 pieces
left. If the number of people dividing the candy doubles and each person divides 6 pieces, one
person will only have 1 piece. How many pieces of candy are there in total?

27
 Comprehensive problem
The worst principle
1. There are 2 white balls, 5 black balls and 10 red balls in the pocket, now randomly take small
balls from the pocket. If you want to make sure you get 2 black balls, how many balls do you have
to get at least?

Pigeon nest principle

2. The school organizes a tree-planting project for students. 70 students are responsible for a
certain area and can choose from pine, birch and cypress trees. Each student is required to take at
least one sapling and at most two saplings. At least how many students took the same type of
sapling?

Logical reasoning

3. Four students participated in the Olympiad, and the other students estimated the performance of
the four students who had been working consistently hard as follows.

(1) C will be first and B will be second

(2) C will be second and D will be third.

(3) A will be second and D will be fourth.

Once the results were announced, it was true that these four students won the top 4 places.
However, each of the above three guesses was only half right and half wrong. What was the place
for each of them?

28
4. Before a certain physical examination, four students, A, B, C, and D, guessed their weight
ranking.

A said, "I must be the heaviest."

B said, "I won't be the lightest."

C said, "I'm not as heavy as A, but I'm not the lightest either."

D said, "Maybe I weigh the least."

Once the results were announced, only one person said they were wrong. Please rank them in
order of weight from heaviest to lightest.

Number array chart

5. Fill in the following 10 small triangles from 0 to 9 so that the sum of the large triangles made up
of every 4 small triangles equal

29
 Answer
Calculation
Ⅰ Fraction calculation tips
1.101
2.5
1
3.
2
50
4. .
101
20
5.
21
Ⅱ Arithmetic sequence
1. 498
2. 3000; 2004
3. 113
4. 88
5. 6971
Ⅲ Special calculations
7 6
1. (1) (2) 3
2 7
2. 3、9 or 13
3. 3333266667
4. 3
5. 1

Counting
Ⅰ Counting method
1. 11
2. 55
3. 7
4. 20
5. 20
Ⅱ Permutation and combination
1. 220
2. 3840
3. 432
4. 165
5. 102

Geometry
Ⅰ Counting method
Ⅰ Find the angle
1. 90
2. 80
3. 36
4. 360
30
5. 360
Ⅱ Geometric model
1. 100
2. 25
3. 36
4. 50
5. 18
6. 34
7. 11
8. 7
5
9. cm 2
3
Ⅲ Circle and sector
1. 6π
2. 47.1
3. 8
4. 75
5. 2512
Ⅳ Others
1. 108
2. There are 8 stained on three sides,36 dyed on both sides,52 dyed on one side
3. 2.25
4. 25
5. 35

Number theory
Ⅰ Factors, multiples, prime numbers, composite numbers
1. 23
2. 36
3. highest common factor： ( A, B ) = 22  3  5 ; ( A, C ) = 3  53 ; ( B, C ) = 32  52 ; ( A, B, C ) = 3  52 ;
lowest common multiple： ( A, B ) = 22  3  5 ; ( A, C ) = 3  53 ; ( B, C ) = 32  52 ; ( A, B, C ) = 3  52 ;
4. 7
144
5. 8;288;
77
6. 15,21or27
7. 67
8. a=2, b=31
9. 336
10. 6
Ⅱ Digital-value principle and divisible features
1. 5917
2. 8571428
3. 3
4. 84
5. 0

Distance problem
Ⅰ Proportional method to solve itinerary
1. 120km

31
 1
2.
5
Ⅱ Meeting and chasing
1. 235km
2. 1400m
3. 25min
Ⅲ Classical distance problem
1. 330 meters
2. 24 km/h and 20 km/h
3. Tom 10 B; Jerry 15
4. 40
5. 20

Word problem
Ⅰ Fraction word problem
1. 400, 600
3 1
2. 1 , 3
4 2
3. 330, 910, 560
4. 45
5. 1.2
Ⅱ Classical word problem
1.66
2.660
3.32
4.6
5.9
6. 8 rhinoceros; 6 antelopes; 12 peacocks
7. 16
8. A 8 books; B 2 books
9. 622
10. 31

Comprehensive problem
1.14
2. 8

3.1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B

4. B>A>C>D
5.

32