Discovering Computers

Enhanced Edition ©2017

Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology

Chapter 10
Communicating
Digital Content
Objectives Overview

Discuss the purpose of the

components required for Differentiate among
successful communications LANs, MANs, WANs,
and identify various sending and PANs
and receiving devices

Differentiate between Explain the purpose of

client/server and peer- communications
to-peer networks software

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for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Objectives Overview

Describe the various

Describe commonly
network
used communications
communications
standards and protocols devices

Discuss ways to set up

and configure a home
network

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for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Objectives Overview

Differentiate among Differentiate among

physical transmission wireless transmission
media media

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for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Communications

• Digital communications describes a process in

which two or more computers or devices transfer
data, instructions, and information

Sending Transmission Receiving

device media device

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in whole or in part.
Communications (Cont.)

• A sending device that initiates an instruction

to transmit data, instructions, or information.
• A transmission media, or communication
channel on which the data, instructions,
or information travel (Physical wires or Wirelessly).
• A receiving device that accepts the transmission
of data, instructions, or information.

6
Communications

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Figure 10-1 in whole or in part.
Networks

• A network is a collection of computers and

devices connected together via communications
devices and transmission media
• Advantages of a network include:
Facilitating Sharing Sharing data and
communications hardware information

Transferring
Sharing software
funds

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in whole or in part.
Networks

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Figure 10-2 in whole or in part.
Networks

• A local area network

(LAN) is a network that
connects computers and
devices in a limited
geographical area such
as home or office
building
– A wireless LAN (WLAN)
is a LAN that uses no
physical wires

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10
Figures 10-3 – 10-4 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
Networks
• A metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in
a metropolitan area in city or town
• A wide area network (WAN) is a network that covers a
large geographic area such as
a big city, country, or the world
– Internet is world’s largest WAN
• A personal area network (PAN)
is a network that connects
computers and devices in an
individual’s workspace with
wired and wireless technology
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Figure 10-5 in whole or in part.
Networks

• The configuration of computers, devices, and media on a

network is sometimes called the network architecture
Client/server network Peer-to-peer network

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Figures 10-6 – 10-7 in whole or in part.
Networks

• client/server network One or more computers act

as server and other computers, or clients, access
server to request a service
– Server controls access to the hardware, software, and
other resources on the network and provides a centralized
storage area for programs, data, and information
• Peer-to-Peer network is simple network that connects
fewer than 10 computers and each computer, or peer,
has equal capabilities.
– It is ideal for very small businesses and home users

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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 13
• Figures 10-6 – 10-7
in whole or in part.
Communications Software

• Communications software consists of programs

and apps that:
Help users establish a Manage the
connection to another transmission of data,
computer, mobile instructions, and
device, or network information

Provide an interface
for users to
communicate with one
another

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in whole or in part.
Network Communications Standards
and Protocols

Token
Ethernet TCP/IP
ring

Wi-Fi Bluetooth IrDA

RFID WiMAX LTE

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in whole or in part.
Network Communications Standards
and Protocols

Ethernet is a network standard that specifies no central computer

or device on the network (nodes) should control when data can be
transmitted
- If two computers send data at same time, a collision occurs and
computers must send again

The token ring standard specifies that computers and devices on the
network share or pass a special signal (token)

TCP/IP is a network protocol that defines how messages (data) are

routed from one end of a network to another
- Commonly used for Internet transmissions
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in whole or in part.
Network Communications Standards
and Protocols
• Wi-Fi identifies any network based on the 802.11 standard that
specifies how two wireless devices communicate over the air
with each other
• LTE is a network standard that defines how high-speed cellular
transmissions use broadcast radio to transmit data for mobile
communications
• Bluetooth is a network protocol that defines how two Bluetooth
devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data
• IrDA transmits data wirelessly via infrared (IR) light waves
• RFID is a protocol that defines how a network uses radio signals
to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an
animal, or a person
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17
or in part.
Network Communications Standards
and Protocols

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Figure 10-9 in whole or in part.
Network Communications Standards
and Protocols

WiMAX (802.16)

• Developed by IEEE
• Towers can cover a 30-mile
radius
• Two types are fixed wireless
and mobile wireless
• Provides wireless
broadband Internet access

19
Communications Devices

• A communications device is any type of hardware

capable of transmitting data, instructions, and
information between a sending device and a
receiving device

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in whole or in part.
Communications Devices

• A broadband modem sends and receives data and

information to and from a digital line

Cable DSL
modem modem

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in whole or in part.
Communications Devices

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Figure 10-12 in whole or in part.
Communications Devices

• A wireless modem uses a mobile phone provider’s

network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from
a computer or mobile device

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Figure 10-13 in whole or in part.
Communications Devices
• A wireless access point (WAP) is a central communications
device that allows computers and devices to transfer data
wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network

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Figure 10-14 in whole or in part.
Communications Devices

• A router connects
multiple computers or
other routers together
and transmits data to its
correct destination on a
network

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25
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
Figure 10-15
Communications Devices

• A network card enables a computer or device that

does not have built-in networking capability to
access a network

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26
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
Figure 10-17
Communications Devices

• A hub or switch is a device that provides a central

point for cables in a network

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Figure 10-18 in whole or in part.
Home Networks

• Many home users connect multiple computers

and devices together in a home network

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in whole or in part.
Transmission Media

• Transmission media carries one or

more communications signals
• Broadband media transmit
multiple signals simultaneously
• The amount of data, instructions,
and information that can travel
over transmission media
sometimes is called the bandwidth

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29
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
Figure 10-19
Physical Transmission Media
Twisted-pair cable

Fiber-optic cable

Coaxial cable

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Figures 10-20 – 10-22 in whole or in part.
Physical Transmission Media

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Table 10-3 in whole or in part.
Wireless Transmission Media

Broadcast radio
Infrared (IrDA) (e.g. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Cellular radio
and WiMAX)

Communications
Microwaves Satellite
(uplinks are slower than
downlinks)

32
Wireless Transmission Media

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Table 10-4 in whole or in part.
Wireless Transmission Media

• Broadcast radio is a
wireless transmission
medium that distributes
radio signals through
the air over long
distances
• Cellular radio is a form
of broadcast radio that
is in wide use for mobile
communications
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
Figure 10-23
Wireless Transmission Media

• Microwaves are radio waves that provide a high-

speed signal transmission

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Figure 10-24 in whole or in part.
Wireless Transmission Media

• A communications
satellite is a space
station that receives
microwave signals from
an earth-based station,
amplifies it, and
broadcasts the signal
over a wide area to any
number of earth-based
stations

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36
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
Figure 10-25
Wireless Transmission Media

• A GPS (global positioning system) is a navigation

system that consists of one or more earth-based
receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by
satellites in order to determine the receiver’s
geographical location
• GPS receivers are:
Built into Available as a
Available with
many mobile handheld
new vehicles
devices device
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in whole or in part.
Wireless Transmission Media

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Figure 10-26 in whole or in part.
Summary

Various types of
Networks and
network architectures Communications
communications
and standards and software
technologies
protocols

Variety of physical
Several types of
transmission media
communications Home network
and wireless
devices
transmission media

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in whole or in part.
 Discovering Computers
Enhanced Edition ©2017
Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology

Chapter 10
Communicating
Digital Content
Chapter 10 Complete