Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Overview
Evaluation of your school results has been one of your teachers' significant tasks since
the beginning of your school experiences.
Your progress in the achievement of the learning targets is being assessed by your
teacher using variety of assessment tools. The output of your school performance are being
graded, recorded and evaluated.
Grades which are often reflected in cards are given to the students at the end of the
school year in basic education and for tertiary, at the end of the semester. Ideally, parents should
be given feedback on the grades their children receive. This is to manifest support for the
students and the at same time inform the parents of the status of their children’s progress
behavior in the classroom.
In this unit, you are to learn the functions of grading and the sytems of reporting. What
are its purposes and how it should be communicated. There are different types of grading and
reporting system which you need to know and some guidelines in conducting a good parent-
teacher conference.
Learning Objectives_
At the end of the unit, I am able to:
At the end of the unit, the students are able to:
Enumerate and discuss the functions and types of grading and reporting system;
Develop the most appropriate and valid reporting system;
Assign letter grades to every assessment of learning activities;
Compute grades properly in relation to students learning acquisition and performance;
Define Norm or Criterion – Referenced Grading;
State the effective distribution of grades and guidelines of effective grading;
Simulate a situation of conducting parent – teacher conferences; and
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Setting Up
Direction: Based on your own concept, write at least 5 sentences why grading and
reporting system is important.
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________
4. Which of the following uses cut-off scores based on the percentage of items answered
correctly
a. Criterion-referenced grading c. Performanced-based criteria
b. Norm-referenced grading d. Percentage-based criteria
5. The following is a function of grading EXCEPT:
a. Report to parents and guardians c. Enhance students motivation
b. Administrative and guidance uses d. Show the top performing students
6. Which of the following situations illustrates the advantages of grading system
a. Students knows their limitations and strengths
b. Students scoring pressure is decreased
c. It has made studies easier
d. It gives the teacher information who performs well and poorly in the class.
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Lesson Proper
Grades offer a snapshot of student success on tasks, outcomes, and tests. Grades
symbolize the level of accomplishment of a specific task and communicate to you and the
student whether or not the student has met the teaching objectives set at the start of a reporting
period. (Frisbie & Waltman, 1992)
Students can determine what learning tasks covered by the course should be
met and achieved if they know what is required of him/her to achieve the course
goals.
Grades may not be the overall motivation for the students to learn but to some,
it influence them to study more to reach their learning goals.
2. Reports to parents/guardians
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Communicates how well objectives being met, so parents can better plan
Parents are better informed of the grading process thus they can make plans to
help their children achieve the targetted learning set by the teacher.
Should the learners decide to transfer to other schools, grades reflected in the
report card or transcript of record (TOR) is required. Employers also require
TOR for applicants applying for a job.
Advantages
The grading system has decreased students' scoring pressure. In the grading system, transcripts
do not mention the actual marks of a subject, but only the grades. This implies that students do
not have to score precise marks for a good impression, but instead strive for a grade that can be
easily achieved.
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
The grading system is based on an advanced marking pattern. Unlike before, students are now
graded on the basis of monthly or daily activities, objective and subjective assessments,
presentations, quizzes, and final term paper. That one paper marking scheme is long gone and
students can now do a little in each assignment and score a good grade overall.
The method of grading helps students to describe their limitations and strengths. Teachers rate
the writing, reading and listening skills of children. This ensures that through the allocated
grades, students can quickly learn about their lack of abilities and work on them to enhance
overall results.
Easier Studies
In certain aspects, the grading system has made studies simpler. Those who just want to graduate
will actually make fewer attempts to meet the passing grade. And those who want to score higher
can easily break the effort per assignment and obtain the overall targeted rating.
Disadvantages
Decreased Performance
Due to grading system, children tend to perform less. They know that they will achieve the
targeted grade even by making a few mistakes. For instance, if a student targets the grade of 2.00
that involves the range from 85% to 87%. He will know that even if he scores 85%, the grade of
2.00 will be assigned hence he doesn’t require to score 86% or 87%.
Demotivation
The method of grading demotivates students who perform well because they are equivalent to
those who make less efforts. For instance, all those scoring from 79 to 81 will be assigned a
grade of 2.50. So students who got the the score of 79 will have the same grade to those students
who got the average score of 81.
Increased Lethargy
As the grading system has split the marks between various activities such as assignments,
presentations and term exams, the students become lethargic. They may score enough in
assignments and projects but they may become lesser active in term exams.
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Be willing to listen
Be willing to answer questions
Gajigal and Mantuano (2014) presented some recommendations for effective parent-
teacher conference.
Before the conference… During the conference… After the conference…
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Types of Grading
In education, grading is a process of applying standardized measurement of varying
levels of achievement in a course or a subject. Grades can be given in a form of a letters
(A,B,C,D,F), descriptors (excellent, satisfactory, needs improvement) or a percentage rating
(75,86,90).
There are two types of grading system, the norm-referenced grading system and
criterion-referenced grading system.
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
the other students perform in the class. The scale does not change regardless of the quality, or
lack thereof, of the students. It is absolute in the sense that each student's performance is
compared to the same performance standard.
Example of Criterion - Referenced Grading System
Criterion - Referenced Grading at the College of Education
Numerical Value Description Equivalent
1.00 Excellent 97 - 100%
1.25 Superior 94 - 96%
1.50 91 - 93%
1.75 Very Good 88 - 90%
2.00 85 - 87%
2.25 Good 82 - 84%
2.50 79 - 81%
2.75 Fair or Passing 76 - 78%
3.00 75%
5.00 Failed 74% and below
It requires a re-enrolment and repetition of the subject
Many teachers use the 50% base in giving students' mark. When a student gets a zero
score in a test, the practice is to give the student a rating of 50%. When the student fails to
answer an oral question, the student is given a grade of 5 or 50%.
Example:
Using 50% as based grade, compute the midterm grade of a student in Assessment of Learning
subject.
Procedure:
1. Compute for the percentage of the scores in each criterion.
2. Multiply the rating obtained for each criterion by the corresponding weighted rating.
3. Add the weighted ratings and the total is the grade obtained by the student.
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
K to 12 Grading System
Under the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum, the parameters on the grading system for
the newly implemented K to 12 Program effective School Year (SY) 2012 - 2013 was
established for utillization of all basic education schools in the country.
Below is the grading system used in the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum
Components Mathematics & English, Filipino, TLE & MAPEH
Science ESP, & Araling
Panlipunan
Written Works 40% 30% 20%
Performance 40% 50% 60%
Task
Term/Quarter 20% 20% 20%
Examination
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Assessing Learning
Activity 1
Name: __________________________________ _ Date: ______________________
Course and Section: _________________________ Score: ____________________
Direction: Identify what functions of grading and reporting system is being described by
each statement below. Write your answers on the blanks provided after the
statements.
1. I was chosen as one of the varsity players because my weighted average is 2.00.
__________________________________________________________________
2. My sister attached her transcript of records in her job application.
___________________________________________________________________
3. I received a grade of 2.00 in Profed 6, I will strive to get better grades in Profed 8.
__________________________________________________________________
4. I was recommended to take BSE major in English when I performed well in the English
proficiency test.
___________________________________________________________________
5. I know the intended learning outcomes to be achieved in Assessment of Learning.
____________________________________________________________________
6. I graduated with honors in high school after my grades were evaluated.
____________________________________________________________________
7. I got low grades in Math but high in Filipino subjects.
____________________________________________________________________
10. During my elementary and secondary schooling, my teacher rated how I behaved in
the classroom.
________________________________________________________________________
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Assessing Learning
Activity 2
Name: ___________________________________________ Date:
______________________
Course and Section: __________________________ Score:
____________________
Directions: Choose 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of school grading system.
Based on your own experience, cite a situation that will illustrate the advantages and
disadvantages of grading system. Give only one example for both.
Advantage:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________
Situation:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Disadvantage:________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
Situation:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
Activity 3
Name: ____________________________________ Date: ______________________
Course and Section: __________________ Score: ____________________
Directions: Below are the scores of three students in Assessment of Learning 2. Their cases are
included in each number. Compute for their final grade and answer the question below. (Consider the
base 50% in computing the rating of each criterion)
1. Student A who is always absent in class and does not submit his/her output in time
Criteria Score Rating Weight (%) Weighted Rating
Term Examination 40/50 20%
Unit Tests/Quizzes 95/200 20%
Recitation/Performance 70/100 60%
Total Grade is
2. Student B who submits his/her requirement in time but below the set standards/quality
Criteria Score Rating Weight (%) Weighted Rating
Term Examination 20/50 20%
Unit Tests/Quizzes 100/200 20%
Recitation/Performance 60/100 60%
Total Grade is
3. Student C who obtained very low scores in spite of having passed all the requirements
Criteria Score Rating Weight (%) Weighted Rating
Term Examination 20/50 20%
Unit Tests/Quizzes 70/200 20%
Recitation/Performance 65/100 60%
Total Grade is
Assuming that you are the teacher, with 75% as the minimum passing rate, who among the students
will pass your subject? Why?
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PROFED 8 – ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 1
References
Books
Cortez, Angelica O. et. al. (2019). Assessment of Learning 1 with Basic Statistics. St. Andrew
Publishing House. Plaridel, Bulacan.
Cortez, Angelica A., Galman, Sheena Mai A., Cortez, Bernard Emil O. (2019). Assessment of Learning
2. Love Printing and Publishing House. Cabanatuan City
Navarro, Rosita L., Santos, Rosita D.G.. Authentic Assessment of Student Learning Outcomes:
Assessment of Learning 2 Second Edition. Lorimar Publishing Inc. Quezon City, Manila.
Webliography
https://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/teaching-and-learning/performance-based-
learning-how-it-works/
https://edpolicy.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/events/materials/2011-06-linked-learning-
performance-based-assessment.pdf
https://pals.sri.com/guide/features.html
http://www1.udel.edu/educ/gottfredson/451/unit11-chap15.htm
https://taylorwilson.atavist.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-schools-grading-
system
https://www.niu.edu/citl/resources/guides/instructional-guide/process-of-
grading.shtml: Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning.
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