By the end of this class, you will learn…………

Seen Passage
MCQ solving
Poll Question Solve

Check Question answering

Linking verbs List
Sentence pattern
Object vs Complement
Subject & Verb
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History

My brothers,
I stand before you today with a heart overflowing with grief. You are fully aware of the events
that are going on and understand their import. We have been trying to do our best to cope
with the situation. And yet, unfortunately, the streets of Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi
and Rangpur are awash with the blood of our brothers. The people of Bengal now want to be
free, the people of Bengal now want to live, and the people of Bengal now want their rights.

What have we done that was wrong? After the elections, the people of Bangladesh voted as
one for me, for the Awami League. We were to sit in the National Assembly, draft a
constitution for ourselves there, and build our country; the people of this land would thereby
get economic, political, and cultural freedom. But it is with regret that I have to report to you
today that we have passed through twenty-three tragic years; Bengal's history of those years
is full of stories of torture inflicted on our people, of blood shed by them repeatedly. Twenty-
three years of a history of men and women in agony!
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History
The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways crimson
with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the elections of 1954
we could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial Law to enslave us for
the next ten years. In 1966 when we launched the six point movement our boys were shot dead on
7 June. When after the movement of1969 Ayub Khan fell from power and Yahya Khan assumed
the reins of the government he declared that he would give us a constitution and restore
democracy; we listened to him then. A lot has happened since and elections have taken place.

I've met President Yahya Khan. I've made a request to him not only on behalf of Bengal but also
as the leader of the party which has the majority in Pakistan; I said to him: "You must hold the
session of the National Assembly on 15 January." But he did not listen to me. He listened to Mr.
Bhutto instead. At first he said that the meeting would take place in the first week of March. We
said, "Fine, we will be taking our seats in the Assembly then." I said we will carry out our
discussions in the Assembly. I went so far as to say that if anyone came up with an offer that was
just, even though we were in the majority we would agree to that offer.
 Poll Question-01

❑ We have been trying to do our best to cope with the situation.

The underlined word ‘best’ is a/an ________________
(a) Adjective
(b) Adverb
(c) Pronoun
(d) Noun
 Poll Question-02

❑ After the elections, the people of Bangladesh voted as one for me, for the
Awami League.
What does ‘one’ mean?
(a) election
(b) vote
(c) country
(d) none of these
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History

Mr. Bhutto came here; he carried out discussions with us; he had said that the doors of
negotiations had not been shut and that there would be further negotiations. I then had talks
with other leaders; I said to them, "Come and sit down with us; let's create a constitution for
ourselves through discussions." But Mr. Bhutto declared that if West Pakistani members
came here the Assembly would end up as a slaughterhouse. He claimed that whoever came
here would be slaughtered. He said that if anyone showed up here all shops from Peshawar
to Karachi would be shut down. I declared that the Assembly would continue to meet. But
suddenly on the 1st of March the Assembly was shut down. Mr. Yahya Khan called the
session of the Assembly in his capacity as the President and I declared I would be attending
it. Mr. Bhutto said he wouldn't be part of it. Thirty-five members of the Assembly came from
West Pakistan to take part in its proceedings. But it was dissolved all of a sudden. The
blame was put on the people of Bengal, the finger was pointed at me!
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History
After the Assembly's session was prorogued, the people of this country protested. I told them,
"Observe the General Strike we have called peacefully." I told them" Shut down all mills and factories."
Our people responded to my call. They came to the streets spontaneously. They expressed their firm
determination to carry out the struggle peacefully. What have we got in return? Those who brought
arms with our money to defend us from external enemies are now using those arms on the poor, -the
wretched, -the downtrodden people of the land. Bullets are being aimed at their hearts. We constitute
the majority in Pakistan; but whenever we Bengalis have tried to assume power they have used force
on us. I have had a talk with Mr. Yahya Khan. I told him, "Mr. Yahya, you are the President of Pakistan;
come and observe how the poor people of my country are being mowed down with bullets; come and
see how our mothers are being deprived of their children; how my people are being massacred. Come,
observe, and only then pass adjudgment on what is going on. He has apparently said that I had agreed
to attend a Round Table Conference on the 10th of March. Didn't I say a long time back: what is the
point of another Round Table conference? Who will Is it with? Should Is it with those who have shed
the blood of my people? He has suddenly dissolved the Assembly without carrying out any discussions
with me; after sitting in a secret meeting for five hours he gave a speech where he has put all the
blame on me. He has even blamed the Bengali people!
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History
My brothers,
The Assembly has been called into session on the 25th of March. But the blood spilled on our streets
has not yet dried. About the 10th of this month, I have told them: Mujibur Rahman won't join the Round
Table Conference because that would mean wading over the blood that has been shed. Although you
have called the Assembly into session, you'll have to listen to my demands first. You'll have to withdraw
Martial Law. You'll have to return all army personnel to their barracks. You'll have to investigate the way
our people have been murdered. And you'll have to transfer power to the representatives of the people.
It is only then that I'll decide whether we will take our seats in the Assembly or not. I don't want the
Prime Minister's office. We want the people of this country to have their rights. I want to state clearly
that from this day Bangladesh's courts, magistracies, government offices and educational institutions
will be shut down indefinitely. So that the poor don't have to suffer, so that my people don't have to go
through hardships, all other things will be exempted from the General Strike from tomorrow.
Rickshaws, horse carriages, trains, and launches will be allowed to move. Only the Secretariat, the
Supreme Court, the High Court, Judges' Court, and semi-government organizations such as WAPDA
will not be allowed to work. On the 28th employees will go and collect their salaries. If their salaries are
not paid, if another bullet is fired, if my people are shot dead again, I request all of you: convert every
house into a fort,· confront the enemy with whatever you have.
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History
And even at the risk of your life, and even if I am not around to direct you, shut down all shops and
make sure that traffic on all roads and ports are brought to a standstill. If need be, we will starve to
death, but we'll go down striving for our rights.

To those in the armed forces I have this to say: you are my brothers,· stay in your barracks and no one
will bother you. But don't try again to aim your bullets at our chests. You can't suppress seventy million
people forever. Since we have learned to sacrifice ourselves no one can suppress us any more.

And as for our martyrs and those who have been wounded, we in the Awami League will do everything
we can to assist them and their loved ones. If you have the means, please give what little you can to
our Relief Committee. To owners of factories whose workers had participated in the General Strike the
last seven days I have this to say: make sure that they are paid wages for those days. To government
employees I have this to tell: you'll have to listen to my directives. Till our country is liberated, taxes and
custom duties won't be collected. No one will pay them either.
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History
Remember: the enemy is amidst us to create chaos and confusion, to create anarchy and to loot. In
our Bengal Hindus and Muslims, Bengalis and non Bengalis are all brothers. We are responsible for
their safety,· let us not taint ourselves in any way.

Remember those of you who work for radio and television: if the people running the radio station aren't
ready to listen to us, no Bengali will report for work there. Banks will be open for two hours every day
so that people can collect their salaries. But we won't allow even a single poisha to be transferred
from East Bengal to West Pakistan. Telephones and telegram services will continue as before in our
East Bengal; if we have to transmit news abroad you will see to that. But if any attempt is made to
exterminate our people all Bengalis must take appropriate action.
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History
Form Revolutionary Committees under the leadership of the Awami League in every village, every
community. Be prepared to act with whatever you have in your possession. (L 116)

Remember: since we have already had to shed blood, we'll have to shed a lot more of it; by the Grace
of God, however, we'll be able to liberate the people of this land.

The struggle this time is a struggle for freedom-the struggle this time is a struggle for emancipation.

Long live Bengal!

 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History
Word & Meaning
Spill (v.t) ঝরা, ঝরান; to shed
(blood), as in killing or
wounding.
Wading (n) হ েঁটে চলা, মাড়াটনা;
walking through
Withdraw (v.t) সররটে অথবা তুটল
বা উরিটে হনওো; to draw back
Barrack (n) সসনযালে, বযারাক; a
building or group of buildings
for lodging soldiers, especially
in garrison
Synonym Antonym
drop, fall, shed, exude,
hold, rise
cast, throw radiate, spread
walking, working, walk,
avoidance, negligence
through, tearing into
remove, take out, abandon,
put in, remain
retreat
camp, garrison base,
quarters, station
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Investigate (v.t) তদন্ত করা; to examine, look into, explore,
leave alone, overlook
study, or inquire to systematically search, inquire
Indefinitely (adv) অরনরদিষ্টভাটব, without endlessly, forever, definitely, in
fixed or specified limit sine die continuously
adversity, destitution,
Hardship (n) কষ্টকর পরররিরত, দূ টভিাগ; a relief, advantage, boon,
suffering, difficulty,
condition that is difficult to endure plenty
distress
Exempt (v.t) হর াই বা অবয রত হদওো; to release, let off, off
prevented, accountable,
free from an obligation or liability to the hook, free from,
liable, nonexempt
which others are subject except, spare
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Convert (v.t) পররবতিন করা, রূপান্তররত transmute, transform,
করা; to change (something) into a adapt, go over, alter, make stronger, intensify
different form or properties; modify
Confront (v.t) মুটিামুরি ওো বা করা; tackle, brazen out, avoid, dodge, evade,
to face in hostility or defiance; challenge, defy, face surrender, yield
Starve (v.t) ক্ষুধাজরনত কারটে মৃতুযমুটি
pass up, quit, shun,
পরতত ওো বা করা; to be in the continue, allow, embrace,
decline, evade, fast go
process of perishing or suffering indulge
hungry, waste away
severely from hunger
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Strive (v.t) লড়াই, সংগ্রাম, যুদ্ধ করা; to struggle, endeavor, go all-
neglect, dissuade,
make strenuous efforts toward any out, make every effort, try
repress, rest
goal hard, attempt
Suppress (v.t) দমন বা রনগৃ ীত করা;
tyrannize, dominate,
subject to a burdensome or harsh uphold, encourage
subjugate, afflict, torment
exercise of authority or power
Martyr (n) শ ীদ: a person who is put
willing victim, sacrificial
to death on behalf of any belief,
victim
principle, or cause
Participate (v.t) অংশ হনওো; to take or partake, share, contribute, impede, obstruct,
have a part or share, as with others take part, play a part prevent
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Directive (n) সাধারে বা রবস্তাররত
রনটদিশ; an authoritative instruction edict, decree
Anarchy (n) অরাজকতা, সনরাজয,
রবশৃ ঙ্খলা; political and social
disorder due to the absence of
governmental control
Exterminate (v.t) হশষ করা, সম্পূ েি
ধ্বংস করা; to get rid of by
destroying
order, command, dictate,
lawlessness
disorder, hostility,
peace, calm, harmony,
rebellion, unrest,
order
disorganization, misrule
eliminate, wipe out, take
out, assassinate, create, help, ratify
extinguish
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Revolutionary (adj) রবপ্লবী, সবপ্লরবক; a radical, innovative, conventional,
sudden, complete, or marked rebellious, riotous, conformist, usual,
change mutinous typical
Possession (n) স্বত্ব, অরধকার, দিল, control, ownership, tenure,
lack, need, want
আেত্ব; the state of being possessed custody, occupancy

Grace (n) দো; a manifestation of forgiveness, charity, animosity, enmity,

favor, especially by a superior mercifulness disfavor
Liberate (v.t) মুক্ত করা; to free (a release, set free,
imprison, restrain, hold
nation or area) from control by a emancipate, unshackle,
back
foreign or oppressive government unfetter
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Struggle (n) সংগ্রাম, লড়াই; a war,
fight, conflict, or contest of any strife, exertion, toil, hassle agreement, retreat
kind.
Freedom (n) স্বাধীনতা; political or
liberty, independent captivity, confinement
national, independence
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History
A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
(a) The speaker (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman) showed all….. attitude towards the
Pakistani rulers.
(i) adamant (ii) negligent
(iii) aristocratic (iv) compromising
(b) The speaker had the majority but he wanted to have a……….with the Pakistani rulers.
(i) friendly atmosphere (ii) fruitful discussion
(iii) political encounter (iv) secret meeting
(c) President Yahya Khan was……with/of the speaker.
(i) on good term (ii) neglectful
(iii) merciful (iv) heedful
(d) The history of twenty-three years is full of……..
(i) mystery and joy (ii) grief and achievement
(iii) pain, pangs and plight (iv) confusion and conflict
(e) What does the phrase ‘a heart overflowing with grief’ in the passage refer to?
(i) a pensive mood (ii) a jocund mind
(iii) an angered heart (iv) a relieved mind
 Seen Passage 1: The Unforgettable History
B. Answer the following questions.
(a) What, according to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, do the people of Bengal
want to do now?
(b) What was the intention of Ayub Khan in declaring Martial Law?
(c) What caused the downfall of Ayub Khan?
(d) Why is 1966 important for us?
(e) Why did Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman meet President Yahya Khan?
 Detection

Complement English Subject

2nd
Object Paper Verb
 Sentence

Subject Predicate

Verb Object
 Subject Vs Predicate

Subject is the person or thing Predicate indicates the action

performing the action performed by the subject

Usually a noun, pronoun or noun Contains the verb, objects, and

phrase other elements

Usually precedes the predicate Usually comes after the subject

 Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Parts of sentence
➢ 1- subject 2- verb 3- object
➢ 4- extension
➢ Subject. The work performing person is called subject.
➢ I, WE, SHE, IT, YOU, THEY, HE, NOUN
➢ VERB. A word used to say something about an action of a noun or pronoun is called verb.
➢ Object. The part a sentence towards which the action of verb is directed is called object.
➢ Extension. The part of sentence excluding subject verb and object is called extension.
Subject, Verb, Object & Complement
Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Linking
verbs
 Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Re-identifies Describes
Subject Subject
subject subject complement
complement
Linking verb Linking verb

He is a monster He looks stunning

adjective
noun

Re-identifies describes
Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Direct
Object

Vs

Indirect
Object
Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Three kinds of Object (English Grammar)

The thing being acted on by the verb

The beneficiary of the action

The noun (or pronoun) governed by a preposition

 Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Verb = passed
Passed ‘what’ = the ball (direct object)
Who received the ball = me (indirect object)

Ver = bought
Bought ‘what’ = a car (direct object)
Who received the car (receiver) = Alia (indirect object)
Subject, Verb, Object & Complement
Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Subject complement
VS

Object complement
 Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

COMPLEMENT:
➢ Complement is a word or phrase that usually come after a ‘be’ verb such as
am, is, are, was and were to make sense complete.
➢ Sometimes complement comes after certain verbs such as become, turn,
look, appear, feel etc.
➢ Completes the meaning in the sentence
➢ Without it the, meaning is incomplete
 Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Subject Complement
A subject complement is a word or a group of words (phrase) that either renames
the subject or modifies it. It comes after a linking verb and identifies the subject.
 Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Object Complement
An object complement is a word or a group of words (phrase) that comes after a
direct object and either renames it or modifies it.
 Subject, Verb, Object & Complement
Subject complement
▪ It comes after a linking verb.
▪ It comes after the direct object.
▪ It comes after either gives a name to the subject
or describes it.
▪ It is noun or an adjective.
Examples:
• She is my support system. (She = my support)
• Rahul was my idol. (Rahul = my idol)
• My girlfriend is beautiful. (my girlfriend =
beautiful)
Linking verbs
• is, am, are, was, were
• is being, am being, are being, was being, were
being
• has been, have bee, had been
• To took, to seem, to sound, to smell
Object complement
▪ It comes after the direct o0bject.
▪ Only certain action verbs take an object
complement
▪ It completes the meaning of the direct object.
▪ It is a noun or an adjective.
Examples:
• Nobody considers him a singer. (him = singer)
• We will name her Amayra. (her = Amayra)
• I found his room very messy. (him room=
messy)
Verbs that take object complements
• find, make, name, consider, color, select,
declare term, drive, get knock, shoot, brand,
term, certify, label
Subject, Verb, Object & Complement

Terminology
➢ S = Subject
➢ V = Verb
➢ LV = Linking Verb
➢ DO = Direct Object
➢ IO = Indirect Object
➢ SC = Subject Complement
➢ OC = Object Complement
 Subject, Verb, Object & Complement
The weasel is in his den.
Weasels stalk rabbits.
Lift off was yesterday.
My roommate borrowed my laptop.
I am an optimist.
Marie sent Ramon a birthday gift.
The winters are quite cold. 6. S-V-IO-OC
Sentence types
Annie gives her a reorder.
The trail looked steep.

My sister became a nurse.

The director considered the
Mary laughed. Performance a success.

The critic called the acting

Accidents happen.
brilliant
There are seven
basic sentence Examples from Martha Kolln
types in English and Loretta Gray, Rhetorical
Grammar, 7th edition
 Poll Question-03

❑ “Sweet are the uses of adversity.” In this sentence, which of the following
is correct?
(i) ‘Sweet’ is Subject
(ii) ‘are’ is a verb, but ‘are’ should be replaced by ‘is’ as ‘Sweet’ is Subject
(iii) ‘the uses of adversity’ is Object
(a) only i & ii
(b) only ii & iii
(c) the sentence is wrong
(d) the sentence is correct
 Poll Question-04

❑ The students elected him captain.

What is the structure of the sentence?
(a) S+V+DO+IO
(b) S+V+IO+DO
(c) S+V+O+C
(d) None of these