stroke

A type of stroke that occurs when a clot blocks

Ischemic stroke an artery in the brain, leading to a loss of blood
flow and brain cell death.

A type of stroke characterized by bleeding in the

Hemorrhagic stroke brain, which can occur due to various causes
such as rupture of a blood vessel.

A condition characterized by the buildup of

Atherosclerosis plaque in the arteries, which can contribute to
the development of ischemic stroke.

A type of ischemic stroke that is usually caused

Noncardioembolic stroke by atherosclerosis rather than originating from
the cardiovascular system.

A type of ischemic stroke that originates from

Cardioembolic stroke the cardiovascular system, often associated with
conditions like atrial fibrillation.

Treatment given to patients with atrial fibrillation

Anticoagulant treatment to prevent the formation of blood clots and
reduce the risk of stroke.

A type of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by

Intracranial hemorrhage
bleeding within the brain.

A type of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by

bleeding in the subarachnoid space, which can
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
be spontaneous or caused by an arteriovenous
malformation.

A type of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by

Subdural hematoma
bleeding in the subdural space.

ACT FAST campaign
Time is brain
Face, Arms, Speech, Time (FAST)
Computed tomography (CT)
Hemorrhagic stroke
Anticoagulants
Blood thinners
Computed tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Cerebral perfusion pressure
A public awareness campaign aimed at
educating the public about the symptoms of
stroke and the importance of seeking immediate
medical attention.
A phrase emphasizing the critical importance of
time in stroke treatment, as delays in restoring
blood flow to the affected area can lead to
irreversible neurological damage.
An acronym used to help identify stroke
symptoms, with each letter representing a
specific symptom to look for (facial drooping,
arm weakness, speech difficulties, and time to
call emergency services).
A diagnostic imaging technique used to
visualize the brain and determine the presence
of a clot or other abnormalities in acute stroke
cases.1. Ischemic stroke:A type of stroke caused
by a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain,
leading to a lack of blood flow and oxygen to
the affected area.
A type of stroke caused by bleeding in the brain,
often due to a ruptured blood vessel.
Medications that prevent blood clotting.
Medications that reduce the ability of blood to
clot.
A diagnostic test that uses X-rays to create
detailed images of the brain.
A diagnostic test that uses magnetic fields and
radio waves to create detailed images of the
brain.
The pressure of blood flow in the brain, which
needs to be maintained for proper brain
function.
 The pressure inside the skull, which needs to be
Intracranial pressure monitored to prevent harmful effects on the
brain.

Mechanical devices used to remove blood clots

Stent retrievers
from blocked blood vessels in the brain.

A fibrinolytic medication used to restore blood

Alteplase
flow in acute stroke cases.

A medication that dissolves blood clots by

Fibrinolytic breaking down fibrin, a protein involved in clot
formation.

An inactive form of plasmin, an enzyme that

Plasminogen
breaks down fibrin.

An enzyme that dissolves fibrin and breaks

Plasmin
down blood clots.

The time interval between a patient's arrival at

Door to needle time the hospital and the administration of a
medication, such as alteplase.

A machine used to perform computed

CT scanner
tomography scans.

The force exerted by blood against the walls of

Blood pressure
blood vessels.

When a patient receiving anticoagulant or

Hemorrhagic stroke conversion fibrinolytic medication develops a hemorrhagic
stroke due to high blood pressure.

An intravenous medication used to lower blood

IV labetalol
pressure.

An intravenous dihydropyridine calcium channel

Nicardipine
blocker used to lower blood pressure.

Clavidipine An intravenous dihydropyridine calcium channel

blocker used to lower blood pressure.1. Acute
 Ischemic Stroke:A sudden interruption of blood
A blood
flow to the
testbrain,
that measures
usually caused
a person's
by a blood
average
clot.
A1C
blood glucose levels over the past three months.

A blood test that measures a person's blood

Fasting Blood Glucose glucose levels after fasting for a certain period
of time.

A blood test that measures a person's blood

Random Blood Glucose
glucose levels at any time, regardless of fasting.

Hyperglycemia High blood glucose levels.

An irregular and often rapid heart rate that can

Atrial Fibrillation
increase the risk of blood clots and stroke.

A test that uses sound waves to create images

Echocardiogram
of the heart and check for any abnormalities.

A type of stroke caused by a blood clot that

Cardioembolic Stroke
originates in the heart.

The use of medications to prevent the formation

Anticoagulation
of blood clots.

Common anticoagulant medications used to

Warfarin, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Dabigatran
prevent blood clots.

Changes in behavior and habits to improve

Lifestyle Modifications overall health, such as quitting smoking and
increasing physical activity.

The process of restoring function and improving

Rehabilitation quality of life after a stroke or other medical
condition.

A type of stroke that is not caused by a blood

clot originating in the heart.1. Aspirin:A
Noncardioembolic Stroke medication commonly used for its antiplatelet
effects, often prescribed for cardiovascular
diseases.

Aggrenox A combination medication of aspirin and

 Dipyridamole, used for antiplatelet effects.
Also known as Plavix, an antiplatelet medication
Clopidogrel used as an alternative to aspirin for patients with
allergies or contraindications to aspirin.

An allergic reaction to aspirin or other

Salicylate allergy
medications containing salicylates.

A specific situation or condition in which a

Contraindication particular treatment or medication should not
be used.

The use of multiple medications together to

Combination treatment
achieve a desired therapeutic effect.

A sudden loss of blood flow to the brain, often

Acute ischemic stroke
caused by a blood clot.

The rate of death within a specific population or

Mortality
group.

A sore or erosion in the lining of the stomach or

Peptic ulcer
small intestine.

Indigestion or discomfort in the upper

Dyspepsia
abdomen.

A type of aspirin that is coated to prevent it

Enteric coated aspirin from dissolving in the stomach, reducing the risk
of stomach upset.

A vasodilator medication that can cause side

Dipyridamole
effects such as headache and dizziness.

The process by which the prodrug clopidogrel is

2C19 conversion
converted into its active form in the body.

Medications that inhibit the enzyme 2C19,

Omeprazole and Esomeprazole potentially reducing the effectiveness of
clopidogrel.

Proton pump inhibitor, a type of medication

PPI
used to reduce stomach acid production.
 A combination medication of aspirin and
Omeprazole, specifically indicated for patients
Yusprala
with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or
peptic ulcer disease.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a class of

NSAID
medications that includes aspirin.

A specific brand of medication that contains 50

Aggrenox brand
milligrams of aspirin in each tablet.

A type of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by

Intracerebral hemorrhage
bleeding within the brain tissue.

A medication used to counteract the effects of

Reversal agent
anticoagulant medications.

Kcentra A reversal agent for warfarin, an anticoagulant.

A reversal agent for direct factor Xa inhibitors,

Andexxa
such as Rivaroxaban and apixaban.

Prothrombin complex concentrate, a type of

PCC medication used to reverse the effects of
anticoagulants.

The pressure within the brain, which can

Intracerebral pressure increase significantly in cases of intracerebral
hemorrhage.

The displacement of brain tissue due to

increased intrac1. Intracerebral pressure:The
Herniate
pressure within the brain that is monitored and
of concern in a hemorrhagic stroke.

A type of stroke characterized by bleeding in the

Hemorrhagic stroke
brain.

Elevating the head of the bed by 30 degrees to

Raise the head of the bed allow gravity to pull fluid out of the brain and
lower it in the periphery.
 A medication used to manage intracerebral
pressure in the short term. It is given
Mannitol
intravenously and acts as an osmotic diuretic to
pull water out of the brain.

A type of stroke where bleeding occurs in the

Subarachnoid hemorrhage space between the brain and the thin tissues
that cover it.

Constriction of the cerebral arteries that can

Cerebral artery vasospasm occur 3 to 21 days after a subarachnoid
hemorrhage.

An oral medication used to treat cerebral artery

Namodipine vasospasm during a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
It is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker.

Having an affinity for fat or lipid substances.

Namodipine is highly lipophilic, allowing it to
Lipophilic
cross the blood-brain barrier and target the
cerebral arteries.

Precautions and warnings associated with the

Safety issues with Namodipine use of Namodipine, including the need for
careful administration to avoid intravenous use.

The primary approach to managing a brain

Supportive care bleed, which involves providing general care and
monitoring the patient's condition.

The use of anticonvulsant medication to prevent

Anticonvulsant prophylaxis seizures. It is usually not indicated unless the
patient experiences a seizure.