INTRODUCTION

Systems Analysis, Design, and Implementation

SAD
Engr. Richard N. Tobias, CpE
System

■ A system is an inter-related set of components with an

identifiable boundary, working together for some purpose.
■ A system exists in an environment, interfaces, accepts input,
produces output, and has constraints.
Characteristics of a System

Input
Components
Boundary

Interfaces
Interrelated

Environment Output

Purpose Constraints
 Human Resource System
Example

Application Form Employment Contract

Hiring

Training Needs Test Results

Assessment

Development and Assessment

Job
Training Vacancy and Testing

Resignation Letter

Termination
Systems Analysis

■ The process of understanding and specifying in detail what the

information system should do.
Systems Design

■ The process of specifying in detail how the many components of

the information system should be physically implemented.
Methodology

■ Comprehensive guidelines to follow for completing every

activity in the system development cycle, including specific
models, tools, and techniques.
Model

■ A representation of some important aspect of the

real world.
■ Examples:
– Flowchart
– Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
– Ishikawa Diagram
– Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)
– Structure Chart
– Gantt Chart
– Organizational Chart
Tool

■ Software support that helps create models or other

components required in the project.
■ Examples:
– Project management application
– Drawing/graphics application
– Word processor/text editor
– Computer-aided system engineering (CASE) tools
– Integrated development environment (IDE)
– Database management application
Technique

■ A collection of guidelines that help the analyst complete a

system development activity or task.
■ Examples:
– Interviewing techniques
– Structured analysis and design techniques
– Object-oriented analysis and design techniques
The Modern Systems Analyst’s
Roles
■ Consultant
■ Supporting Expert
■ Agent of Change
The Modern Systems Analyst’s
Skills
■ Analytical
■ Technical
■ Management
■ Interpersonal
Analytical Skills

Systems Thinking
Problem
Identification

Problem Analyzing
Organizational and Solving
Knowledge
Technical Skills

Hardware
Programming languages Platforms

Database Systems

Operating Systems
Management Skills

Resource
Management Risk Management

Change
Project
Management
Management
Interpersonal Skills

Communication
Skills Facilitating Groups

Managing
Expectations
Working Alone and
with a Team