i

PLANT
MOVEMENT
msinnowtuouoontviswmsnouowoouosntvrioooiionntowri.is oisfwwnwrionouaw
{nomslantowuohtidwwnvoomsriniwvoooosfwww.ir 100

>> isiroimsniiio plant movement iiwsuuiiuurinortññontj

1.) ( Growth movement ) iiwmsinnowluoniriu>Vos
msinnowluomomsioon.im uh
ñumsnioivno On iron no:msmUU0JlvoÑ muihshfoicdouionsnhorrh
Nasty
↳ msinnowuoiwooornosismuwon ( Paratonic /stimulus movement ) Tropy Auto.

fnuo :DmsÑ7nwnÉOUfnoÑinNÑÑNmo3J1ÑÑ 211W Turgor

oiouowoofnuwnnmonwwwoñuositi ( Tropic movement )

f >

→ riouowoofnuaonoimosiuwñunoioiinu (
Nastia movement )
morphogen .

gwuswinswiriwoymuhrivnnihitunoooituufowinwr.nl
msinnowluofnownsoa-wi.io ( movement / Guo :b msnou
→ Turgor
-0051n' DmsiUÑwuUnomÑmgw

2.) msivnhniwnomoIUsiolmfrphogenesisjidwmswiws.US 00001601 V07Vannin >

owuiontoiuwoioinmuwonvniowiv.is etiolation ( mssoniwnnfnutw'D lino )

Photoperiod ismlmsmouswoooionnonuuv.iq Nismo ) no : vernalization

( Milos www.0nsu?Dis's )
movement ( Tropism) D. mroiouowoo 2 nuuoiouriwnoioiuiñoiosioi ( positive)
>> Tropic
lwsi.ovinloibsihwwiw-wliniooniiisnors.su (negative ) iwsi.IN'oun1ñosiMw%

1.) Phototropism ( morrows n' 011803 ñnmo )

lñnoinoswnvoo auxin / Jwvinnfnuoonwiso :D msriwuonuunlloo ( + phototropy )
lwsiriosmshiciwrfvlo.us?Umon8yiinniWohi5oinsi:un oÑÑmnJw no:nnÑvo :
inoownuisiiooc-phototropyliwsi.JO, iisivnniths > nil UJMU

* uinwiriwnioluirsriwon

IYn oupwso n wjAJBD.ms/5uoi riuinhi osw-'oAOu'

¥

↑
"

ioiñuoo :wu5nÑo
0 :ñuUOnNmo A
Dark room Unilateral light

% unionriwwrtuhinos
¥

PUB
☆

11¥ wio A no :B inhriw ÑwÑV

A

µ B A ño :b'w%o / iriunnhinoo
A Winn 'ñBÑwÑvñ
• UMM uiioohiñwñorioonlñ

ohw-nmoviuoioauxinoi.TV nos
nihiivon
Equal Unequal ' %" " A oojrioonnismouti
Bilateral light Bilateral light 8nninmorhu.oonwvi.int urns
 Tropic = Savin

= auxin

Note : nivniñn etiolationnoioorifnhrristninm-wsfnuoiwni.no> mourns nriwwlniw

1100100 Ennui} 007 110=72'D msiowniriwiwr.tw'D 1150 doom motor rn U

inwrñor ( No Unidirectional light )

2.) Geotropism /Gravitropismlnouvwoooiollsofwwrioosoñnmo )

ÑW msn.io> woos 805kW auxin iowñwfnuooniovo : 109N v8 llssfntwriooiwsi oiooms -
✓
,

ÑnÑÑwÑTnwn9ow7nn§n ( geotropism ) 1in :S> nÑro: 1091105Wh Sufism's inn :

-

oioomsonnnhirintvoy.nu n' ( + geotropism )

win nhmsiouonsimohiuonnoi.snnvfroyhsnwowowoiooooilni.si nño :Ñnoohiu8no :

IVIUTII SOHN doo 1in :U7nlO1ÑÑvnÑuu% Ñosrnlln:b On ÑO !oOÑUÑ 110.1074711 ssfhfwn's

17¥
V07 US7n
:

G C.
V07UUON

uinisniiriww-vmrinioitthiuonna.snoffwnwowownn.in
msuywnr.moiwuoi7-tgqgriwwvoi.no
'

Note : '

Ñw'0OnfrndGÑoñNusoÑw n'001in:O Joon

n-usiniofryhsiiwowowmsnnnrgpo-wrsnin-oo-uono.int
:

vÑooÑnÑnw> oouhoiwohifohnhwuwridooiio-un-iwsnna.ms >

on tin www.wmrivosrsoiivnotnvoiowtwoioomomooknw No ñwu Jiao auxin

iuw7ñÉi undo Ñvñ'uTw mrnioivnno-D.ms

'

>> , snot auxin IV> Nhs 1601 V0

elongation v00 , v05 onn acid growth norms 671 Ñvo auxin Noyon Nubians
short ññooN PIN protein ñowtwisiaosoiniti PIN protein Now
 Uroiouonwvri
UU.nl/ioiron-
↓ 1- On -1
1- Unit

nsiwniwuwo.no?nmsrinoiwn-owr :

1) auxin 0=8870 n' uonmnmsfnwnsiq-wn-oulwfmfaswiin-niiiovow.tw n' 05710%7000

ufiorsonfnuhr PINT win auxin twin rio :D auxin um nisi wrist n nihil V05 On
wmnÑw7UÑoU nriuin D auxin MMU nWNsÑw PINK PIN 2 Tins :X Uri auxin
Nostri cortex 5107760 & 0=741 Ñnms now & woo not UÑW Justo 1mW

2.) two auxin Mario?UIÉO V7 Ño1VnÑÑiÑuo auxin OIU

Yams in IÑUO lw.sk FINI

qnouebmsnimwnihiuonioauxinnomlw.tn-501} warms oiounwoorio auxin

n' v8 i. noon 1160001 n auxin an nwo ñoWw gravi tropism riv phototropism
lñnw 50W ÑW

mntvirinmrovet-omsiyouswo-oioa.v.in
3.) two auxin 8570 on an Jn ño intuition lines ?nÑ a. a. ✗ in

Ñv0IÑuwIÑNMU§smn. .

* Finders columella voouwon

sino :D plastid SIGN info , } on
in

amyloplastoiwowmnhsiivn5.vri unhrinouqwna.ms
18001J> v7 1150 Hun's in u

I } Union
industrial of

uistatocyst
nnntolvn-uaiwoivoonsduwntro-suf.fr
I Jwñnrnsaworio PIN
protein

>> not nms novo woo V0] v80 / NO 571150 . . .

• auxin riniiisusmo-n.ir PIN protein ñwNo&

UP ionsuwonsin moi statolith In'7ño↓ riiiiuw's inn
n'tripin Writers n' Nmsriiinuslu
• auxin nuniituriinuriuannoowon statolith wont
town Nos [ auxin ] nihil Livin msns
ow

hiiñnmsrrouorooo
Mn
:ñw
'

• unit Ñuonisonwsvoo Varus , no =D [ auxin] annum

msnovouoon-wwrhhiinhmso.nu
old Ño limit

owrituoinswssfnuonoiohniwsinntvinuio.us
cell wall
ou acid growth
mwmr

n' us its own 00

 3.) Chemotropism Knouswoo n' 087 sin Dios Dinamo ) arouses
D.
msnssriiwcorww gibberellin auxin no: cytokininrnuoisinsd iris a. 0001mg
onwuhsnsoisino.in
riiñamsornuw
stigma ii. oonuoonirns ( pollen tube ) stigma
uÉ > 00hm ( + chemotropism) uol.uonntvoi.iofryubuflons.si?O7Uns1UO:( chemo -

tropism )
tube
pollen
÷ Note : Visa own sons
:p
case

7ñ5uñslnÑUr tombs rivlin : MEN oinsmoin

1.) rio pollen :

I }wmsño pollen tube

'
'n
'
pollen won stigma union +
chemotropy
nnhoiinonsiqiwhiboinounosoiwvri.in-uon-w-stigm.at
"
/ . 2.) roof Furnas
- risks vesicle rimuhrwms.ru?oinsnWooTo cellulose pectin

|
"" " "
"" "
wall no :Cal / Ose two in pollen tube

3.) Doin Ñunns :oYw RER tiiwomfvsriwnhrooioarsioivnniñiw

n-oisfusriwn-unhsowqhi.no 051070048 vesicle
'

RER

¥!
nucleus no :

8 4.) vesicle printers>Umw microtubule no: actin Nos

//
of
sperm 1

sperm
'
fiber pollen FOUND> u ( apical ) UOJ Union isnt 1150 exocytosis 10757s
tube
motmots pectin wall 1in : cell wall Unni

§
microtubule
"" " " °"

5.) oinwrwño :D mentors callose wall innou pectin wall

µ
pectin wait

↑
_

[ de ester form )
Nothin now 11601150110:D actin V'ouhiienonisnynos U
-

, ,

HY !#cen
wa , ,

ca2-lnsi.nyhiuoonisnfoonnoonmsda.tn
cellulose )
6.) stigma Nmsu a.

¥1m / oiiunmwoiow apical Nikon Inuk actin tou

'

7.) cytoplasm
wall .

msiñnchemotropyñiñn
loins'wñw
gun uu negative
unwish 0515in DUH oink

oiwniowo-wnsiun-Nauxinrsmsio.us
MAUD

uorohsnsnt pollen tube riiñn

-
chemo tropyioisñw forum

stigma Wu pollen ribs Univ .

Jumo Winslow n°010050 : Sho

ons over actin formation

nisi pollen IN Soho unionism

4.)
owibndmojiowmsnouowosririoumrioiii.
Hydrotropism (
VN morrows n'

www.swuiioithydrotropyii.ririouiorirmtriirw
-
hydrotropyiiw.niriblini.NO:uÑÉ 1hrs1 :O: riihimuiiiniuin 1in : 150100070167K

a + hydrotropism vous> nuts

in nisi in / wJnÑÑUiwhiÑw 1150107 :I7wmvw:

www.lsnqilntohinhs3oiorixriwtutuiicin:
v9 Orson NIU o :wuÑ7S7nÑV0 : 105
return
oiwrilaiinwna.DWTwousimniiniriwnt.vn
win> iiiriowo :[Mriow
 r5nÑr
ñir

[qq.io?Q?!yq?q.-aw.i:o-..in /(
iisonhiwooni line

• • lrinmsiouo win
• • • %
concentration

U
- - - - - -

wooliness gradient
www.iwou
/ ÷ .

Quirin
Dish WO
/ /
ñwnii, wbᵈ¥↑sinn9vi8wDUm ,
sinriooon
' inns

+
great ropy
-
←

(Tw'Dii7lnu ) Ñ↳C%Ñw> Mn
swoon'u uoionsriwwooii ,

NaCl Mn7 110 ! / nÑOhfOU " ☐ = ññoniiwinooou; /

oisontomwiissfntwnoo

5.) Thigmotropism / nourowoooiomsowwoooñnmo )

wnoi.wutuntvhtnounoiwuwoumnhilaktwoi.rs Too iaiowhriooriusorioiansnonim :7ñ
ñoiiowniriw sin u8ohiNUn5Onlm :( + thigmotropism)Gowuinisiin=ñwWnÑw
7ÑÑwÑw
rioiywouy-niawwwwionihhwritniiriwn-oi.io uooon ( -

thigmotropy )

thigmotropyhr thigmotropyhr riwatriioonturinownnnsoann

• •
+ + •

ñwÑVo ( Hindu ) ñwohÑo(7Wi5ou ) 0:10} ñoroiwow

nsrswn-Joiswwsnnniavnuuuwihuwoiriwnioro.nu
tendril
quit
thigmotropy N'wñw -

>> Nastia Movement ( Nastism ) Dms niovnneiouññont; fnumsinoownuooiovww

Drinnon
whroiolaiwmstwwwon-udoiohlnunnioowhen.io
:NnmwñwirioÑwñonou9w
JoÑwñ 0670000 movement ÑU
Turgor

nastismlnouowoooiolinhwisndmojliwmsu.uamryuuiwuounonwohfwoiorwoy.nu
1.) Photo
wvOoooNWrnuDnooÑwÉoiG
circadian nostrum
rhythm uoononlww-wyfnuoi.Dnonwuiwhrnownooiwnni.no :D
oisnuiwnooinw

omruiwuooaonwoi.D.ms/UniwnUo0V0JKBgqpp
an woiwiriomuhriwoiwonnuoion
 Note Ñnvrr :nÑuuooooÑWÑwDoYz youuu
:
; hyponasty ñuepi nasty fav
Volland>004 crsorioiinuiioivnnowri ( bulli form cells ) down motor cell ( Ivo Ñnounw
IISJÑWIM's) visa unto UwÑonÑun on

hypo nasty → V'oorinonlatuu ON ainouowoonuv photo nasty ivnniuwriwoniwwon

won:b nhonsunondnnwiriomnnohbulliformuoocfo.hnSwoon rishi

Ivanios ÑUW epidermis oiwwontuninfrniwhrnrfunono.vn's iritis

epi nasty → ioorinonuiw noooooo inv photo nasty iron Ñowoiishridwirioannnoiñiswon

lwsii.iiiinoowmoioiiwhsnntunonivnnwoiaiwht.luIntroits won nÑunonJ ,

Tris -00N won aon7DÑi}wuwÑwi 00

BBkooamoABtM BESEEM Note :
msuyuuooaonoywwiw
epi nasty inlow hypo nasty Gown on
riuiwlmnno :ÑoO&his:b :
hyponasty ⇐ I :> epi nasty Iaisiansnyuñn To
negative T
positive
photo nasty photo nasty
JwmsoiouowoooiopnrunuD) Drin mu wont iris
'

2.) Thermo nasty / w non

www.oprsupD
uwiociwlwwnntuno.infotuhrw n' 06110 :uoJ7quw70
'

msoonvooiwnniwognsun.DIUM.SN
1in !

ÑwÑw msuiwuoononwfnuwpnoupdidwdoiADnnlnnuuiri.ua ñu photo nasty

>
Donas
9mn ?

25°C 3°C

epi nasty hyponasty

(+ thermo nasty ) C- thermo nasty)
3.) Thigmonasty ( nourowoooionisowwoaioñnmo )
Ñoouioniñwñirnoiolwosiw ( Mimosa ) [no www.riwpnrio.hu/s:nouiiuu secondary
pinnate no :D thorn www.n-wfniowmriwnuiia.n-D-onforidooriusmianriw ñÑo minor
swoon
uuthigmonastyfnuwfiongwn-wheioucpetioletloi.at Volvo iñwuoiouivnroown
}
I union in
pulvinus fav Jnirw parenchyma
↳ uinwmsorwwnfnw trichome unto wimuhstvnouwno :{ uinoow.ws pulvinus nihi
Unions ( wilt ) nihiqiuatowntrrinus.net U

negative
thigmo nasty
 EARLIER

alk

two nw
-

Note : hsnivonnown Éwñ .

pulvinus 0 ?

riiuwiviriovnwoonuu photo nasty unis

Moho : winnow
nnnsiwiini.yunownnnoiiwo.oioou.io
pulvinus hÑvvSnÉwy
Al Siwvoomufu Venus flytrap ioiwuñou

rihi wosdnwoomfawvwtnsfnwriotun-a.nu
motor cell
Juliet 010775 msinnowuovoo
nnuuovlinsonni.info Ñwllwnoowry IntoJuliano
1in : msuioiiioumiouiiwnowwn.ch Nw

+
thigmo nasty
imsun-swiiouuoovfvriwnwnouiovbnwwhiwuo.info
llri ! Jun Woo 110
turgor movement

www.tnuouoioiookutoworiwuooiisskwlrisivioi.
1Wh :
MorrowsÑOqnowWN wms
4.) Nycti nasty ( onourowooriomraiaiisoaiaiñrrmo )
townouiomsvnhfwsiwonourowoorionsofnunyc.fi nasty nsoiliwñu photo nasty
msmouswooa-onnhownoiwuhihuooitvnsi.no n%Ñwu5n ( lots nYwY Nivin etc )
.

oioooioiiwmsyw movoohmownmsoiwnninnioowmwo.hu found wrioonsniñnirtwmu

I 5w5o5nÑw circadian rhythm Invitationsoñoiansniñn look iwsi.nu
quoin
wiwmoomw (
biological clock) Tunein: 1005

nolnmswuvooho.NK-iioi.CI
'
I •• ion own
-

ohatouwstvnatofnuoi.wiiiimwNKUW.tw
onn motor cell
Ms osmosis forums no
Yuu
ooh
0 : linkin own anoint in : now Éiwrnwionñu To

Joints -

phototropism
 msiri
• nycti nasty is
07080h Voir sleep movement
"

.io/u.unaonnioriwnn5iun-umrrinTvu5uwwiO0lloi
'"

gyms
0%71150
www.Dmruo-unrio :
D. mriñn metabolism
two-man downtown ñ
Thitherto www.vo-rio :D
5m57 IWMU 05 Unni now
nasrin

☒ nycti nasty 0701007ñhrnnjw oxalis ( Wintonmooing no Jacaranda Criwor}mG)

:
:

ryutuidwmsnndoswakfun-uoimdmuwonnni.JO
hour:[uvwiuosmriñnnyctinastyñoitosñwmsmuiiimo epidermis
forum

iiouitooñwmrnunñw herbivory now nñoÑw ( ) 7ññu

night day
day

night

rigor }n5o (Jacaranda sp ) ninny

µ
.

W
5.) Guard cell movement
mwÑuwnÑÑiVo5gwn5nÑw motor cell saurianNo :D msioio ( plasmoptysis) now

1 Dustin : iriamsiuuo ( plasmolysis) now hi Durio mririsiuwo.ws/vo5gwn-o:Dwonihi

Vinh (stoma pore ) ivano :ÑnmwiÑw \

r☆⑨µÑ!o.qginBMMMA.ms/u-nJnivn -qwuo UinNiTv

amor

dicot a
Unntuvoonivnrw monocot visions
0:D msioionuu Swarms ( radial ) Irina ñw to subsidary cells iouiooiunnbufnuiw.io

, www.sina.o.wonnunnuinbionivosrion-o.niuona.irroin,wño
, .ws 's
: 'm

>>Autonomic Movement ( msinooisuonuuontiswñ )

msirin
Nw msinnowuovosntvriirinurwioofnu> n' ÑOO DSoikmnsiq-winua-oshoiv.is
nutation no : spiral movement uoouonvitriwomsimufn
 stress
Physiology
>>
niuwonn'D woñumsiñufm
nrwmsñiooiñnmsiuooirnuoomosnsnnuiwosuñuitoiiuo
( stress ) riifriiñnmsnlnlrsiiuoomo
msntrnwiiln-msouwwfifwriwfnunoinins.vn
% msioiufm www.snsswinuriloi
:
how
Temperature cprrun.nl )
>> this añNiÑunIñÑ↳Vs=innñoÑ > Uno
; list ) winnow
> Water uwnownn
plant > Abiotic
stress >
stress > Radiation 1150
( MJMUMW ) ( GG ) > 1180 ñwDmmwG8 etc .

→ 7000W INÑO
t chemical
✓ Biotic Stress
( Tis in D) Unni 112in > etc
.

( m> 80 Mw )
t Vibration → Boo 7ww4
iiwiuon etc
ninjas ,Us5n
.

↳
imsowroiiñow)
11 Unni}u etc .

>> qulluumsnouowoooiontwint.vn ÑwÑ0&2 11W

;
• acclimation ( ntonwnnoiwiins's ) low msnwnoiwinfunn-muhrbsntdimoiowwrifin.ua
1150 [nutrition msirkuwnvnomomssoroiowlvdiini.ms
Toto n' 0am win} untwists
118ns
OONMOÑWSNSSW
•
adaptation ( itunes) www.snwrionoiwindunloifnuwiwmsoiniiionmoosrwvnn

mswnhsiidnomowwgnrrwlluvmosa.pmsnwoioi sbr.im
aiiwunusir inn

deficit ( nowinski )
innoinnii www.iwuowoioiusuciontrinnloioinuau
not NIÑN Is group Diiorio writ
871 Um Iris
721150
uosonnsuiniitrriooinuoow
,
Ñwñw fnuriihrñwn
turn :rioÑvo :D annwotritintoiiso capillary action '

oioiiihsnwrioan-wiihmhsntvunnniiiwontvo.in
87ms nriinuuñoniiotñnihiwviuuo ( wilt ) →
triumvirs oiwannuñoituornwnsofwnrioooonoin
sinntvnihinfoion.im iiriwailñiiwnw

→ Drought tolerance nihinwoioaoiwiintolntnubiw.ms iuousiwooannwn

who :Dooosdinowfnuoiioiufrinowqqwwownsinh.vn/w5n
→
Drought avoidance
Wong linton ÑO .MU/UnT0iid1wnTaiWosO0OnnownpWwlu2i
'

ni.ms Us :uonwi
www.irnniw
usonimsuonsinhiuoiwoniwohilriwimintuowons.vn
CAM
→ Desiccation postponement
ri

→ Desiccation tolerance viooiiuuoiiñsluioiiriño / No Ñoryr; 1150110 :O : 10545N No

1Ño7ñJuwT iris Unf 110: word

'm Ulriuonñusinrinoñwwtou
Note : Ñwiñw D)ooowiuoinihirioiiiussnsdww-ounovihiw.im
nivÉsÑmsqniinñsin7ÑñnJw lwsi.nsooiooinmsmu.wswounds
.

as
 ☆ Resurrection Plant Ewnnoooons)
Ñwn&wÑv n' nwrionoiwnu-jnfsnuude.ci ssation
tolerance nihiiwouinwituoiunr.io inulin
not UÑWÑOW His
7
aril NOW ish ÑO : rims vesuvian
iron Ñ noifhoonwmwunrifnuiwroicdontroi.lu TOW
/

wooiiifnuoiwmsunmuooivnnsown-o.DIWMUOS.vn
oiimn.iwowiiinoi.vn unborn msn.snVoisin souris

Jotun'D wroriomsnwriono>
wii5s7n4ii@a072igwl1sj11nT.s
:O : 1007 Vinci's

n' widow> w ÑV 070 VNÑo7ñu7n

Tavush Vin wish list
:[0m5cm
1in: Ufo no

• s :O:b mriooryuoswhr :fnuutnntvuniiivirioouynmsiriufnuforsiitoiu.co ioonlv iwn :

meristem ii. rioswiinia.nhsrmsiofn.mn

Voi Jwmsiouiisvrnu Vinous : fuori
Habit In 211W ;
"

scullions 105're voontvfnuoi.nu> wᵈvmN Growth

'

Indeterminate plant www.fribmsirin vegetative growth wow reproductive

determinate
growth 0 :D msnwrionawnnioonnn.in
www.isniiriufmiiw nñoriou reproductive {no
Determinate plant vegetative

nwrion winot ijuwov smsnou wo don.MN

IWOÑ> 791105 ÑO :

1150106
onwwridouootwwrin.to Ew whew
'

1. 1) iwsi :O:

rihiwuinrcstomajwouosrihiinn.ms
muiionwoooonouqwisihinriwntvhiiw.es
no> ñoiuiis
w8oJnhmsn
unnimsinwwnbrionssn-wiishshwroi.ws,
A) Wuss riwhituwv Woo 1791105) No :1ÑnnJMn
11.0 : Ensino 8) lnsiiuiiooñrinn> On ÑOU
1. 2) acid growth reaction
iuwmsriisirruooauxinñumson
www.ofnuuinntvuiniino:D

msvvoTH-toinhrivnJNOswwoi
msiñnvnonihio.wsstem

elongation Noronha :D Ht
www.ivnniwiswonioi.efnivonoioluioi
1.3) 9) nÑv0 :D
msus-uriohiiofryim-ufmwnnoisi.wouni.si
1Nowᵈviinw Sino : rioouiw-imhitiinusworiovfvn.is
oiwnifuo> mso=fnÑi / 50070^00041 / nontrivial 0

nnhmsnnioivnniioi.U-nivnnilriiwuowobsinnuinw.io
his>

omniia.Dsniiuwonfwiwsi.wiwovwnoiofhsa-wri5.nl
sinioiinuriwu
:D >

Two

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unntvwmsuiniino-nihi.in
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> T.WUGDnoiwnonanioonuuwwuoin-N.mu
Uni :

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water stress u' 00110 :ñnoiÑo7ainwnÑo

1.5) ohms ÑIIÑUOMOFWNIEN

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tin

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proline - betaine , Choline O sulfate - -

wu&iÑV Ñw
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Mannitol Pinitol Glycerol , Sorbitol
, ,

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7.) 4130

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limit V05 iwniuswo :D noiwiunoann ( high fluidity ) any

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↳ who :b motor cell ( Iiis motor no: bulli form cells)
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:wᵈvwiooSno :D maroonNsriwunhwinirrontviioi.info Ñwnnitooriioiwwarhoiiwsi

chaperones
:
↳ no -

fashion NÑuwN hinniumrinoiwñmwunm Bunin Heat shock protein (1-1513)

A 1-ISPs ii. Vino 5M Sims denature Uosiowvw

nsiwonnojhiidowwouoonymundinwnihimsosinrr.no
( into

sñisiwññowripnsun Dogs
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• Oimsniñiwuwno ( chilling injury ) whim www.wniqnniiuwivoontiwniuswo:D

In
fluidity oii no: iowvnirvsñuriisrto:D o-nsimsriisiwrinnownniu-wlnfnfioo.DZ
msiuuonuu lesion ñnsouwnoiu↳ Don't
( de colouration) 1in :
no :/
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lwsi :Ñ in Johri Woonoh mnÑv7ni noun wm.rlvryuosinnnwindoiriihii.rs
ÑW 005 Turin (4)

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,
niiosunoonoinivnn fusion won ÑN5ounÉ ( protoplasm
4hr
inn-nniiiwooirinnnsowioosiimniini.mu ñ
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v8 nut

↳ vivo:{uÑoñu chilling 1in : freezing injury forums IWN Endow www.dwoiohsivoo

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nihi
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Ñoniiioño : mins nihinorru ? DIEN riot V05 0 : noooo units
.

innnwii Iwai 04hr / V06 1in : 0702dm roots antifreeze protein CAF Ps ) in onions 00
In Janis 110600 on Mr. Irina ÑniÑ'N

In 5nwiiivio-nihi.br
1601 ✓ OMW 11ns 11 D=

Inventor Ms DAF Ps
o:u
yams unuinrin
Willis? ñ

3.) Oxidative stress

www.rnourwoovosio.vn {v80 ñu radical ( 044055s :) Won't Jwfn in you { 01000wrist e-

in woonanfnuo ! Simon>VJUINI on,o8wÑrimwÑnUnñN7ñ Vsmsiñn radical 0 : man

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↳ oxidative stress Gowri rim.mn radical nnfnriwoonoiownwoon.us : now Bondi
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Triton H2O hydrogen peroxide)

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radical / line
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(
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radical )

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oioivoo ; lñnmsiuvoiin : 11mn70

>> Ñv0iwÑM ROS n,nnIJÑÑms 501ns> inns ÑWMSIOIWÑOOIW 118007 n' MÑIU 0=7
oonlviwolsihirurriwfawwo-ooiwnootownioiww.TK ÑvñD primary & secondary
moi ! whrnrio-iiuuwvs-3nfmwuoonnln.is nohow'iñwñ
'

defense Winn ROS

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nivvouiinnfoinsnniwsrnwrio ROS nrioujris's www.fw-ioiwimnwow

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mono

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mitochondrion .
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reductase

r
cellular Respiration MDHA
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i. H2O <
SOD
/ascorbate
energy
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•

g- > Hzo, /peroxidase

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triplet super Hydrogen
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( stable )
radical ( stable Peroxisome
n v
NADP
✓ cytoplasm .

↓
Ascorbate
NO
nitric
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cycle 7ñ ZNADP
oxide

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← ←←
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'

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now

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:

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-1

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chloroplast SOD -1
extract catalase .
-

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-

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hi
- 2- enal )

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moi-Dmsinnsisno.sn .
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-1

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vitro : oohs
Juan into oratorio oxidative stress fnuonsriiwoyqooss-iirinirioo-uadmsn.MU
oratorio
oxidative stress rowño stress sidnuuowriiñn radical www.owooutioiooiiw

Note : Polyamides ÑW
µ

rwsirnunrwriouñnnhinowinu
wofnwuloi dwnhsrinsoywnoosihswion.FI
semen )

c) nihiiiwlni)

onto:io- Wmi )

( SOD )

>> antioxidant pigment hi chloroplast

ñooisuriinn carotene tautomer's
viola ✗ an thin vsoironii carotene oioowrihinowni Chromatography o=iuw
niwnows-uo.no viola✗ an thin carotenoids
chlorophyll
line
Hau

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fucoxan thin 1MW

← uiniñuumsfnrw>Inns>Ñ s :uoioÑrn
inn Ros ✓ our'u ROS

inn
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( violaxanthin )
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molecule Si antheraxanthin
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photochemical quenching
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( state )
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zeaxanthin

wntsoiwsirwhéiu Zeaxanthin into hi >

touch / A turnaround historian

3 CHIA # Chlorophyll A Xanthophylls
4.) Biotic stress
W' ooiriooouwoñuoowoomowrtrisnñw
tuwvirtwoiuis ( herbivory ) u%o :
WÑvÑwfooñ( parasite )Ñwñw
Woodwormhi 150 / V0 V00 Ñv 180 UIUIIOI
Uihlein his msfuDOIJwsi.nu lois
Level iunuwfnsoooio 0500 :

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→ Organ "

T" " " "" " "" " " "" " ° "
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→ Cellular Level NÑwTnsoo{woos
0051711W@ 110=108708 MW V00 iron
→
Molecular Level NSW Sumo: Josiah
n' 1005501 nsi-uno-o-i.SN

• oimsriiortvooioisniñnoinoohofnouio 07ms acitrus canker loisfonninnoin / of

ii. iuwñoniowiinmu won iris inn msiUÑwo nunñi}u Xanthomonas axonopodis

Do uwowoioo ( caterpillar ) ÑwÑmI

iovlpestsriwiñnñ www.rinvms

Anduwowoionow ( nematode ) voodoo : °" '

lviuhrlsnnioriwooiou Ñv0i n' OUN sin 1gal )

' Fungal
infection
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110=1%0 MUN ( 5niJwmo= endoparasite )
 Level Response Tissue Level Response "w
4. 1)
Organ line to
- -

trichome D ☆
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ii.wiriuwiiwounitos

www.vnnfwpmiiwiumoowrilaiirinmsujowfnihiivwoo
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:D 81800
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warm
←
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secondary
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apical meristem 1in :

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1uÑowNñ7aiowNs: now Winslow muhsÑoiVON7UW8o ins
liniluwowinunonoiotii into ÑOU / Into Bondi leaf window

leaf window

parenchyma
mesophyll
SAM

• 5nA 0in oooh

n' www.onnho
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level Respond iiw go

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.

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nri ! Caox ntwwvrioonorihnñwtuaiin:
.

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.

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to sin Woo> ODD vritsriwinu doors ÑvnÑvooToÑno=
Norio
wnuowniiwwnvwn-wuiiwn-wo.am
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calcium
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Giono YUKO 1005800 : Bonin

Raphide crystals

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n'Trianon anñwtniouinnwrio
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4. 3) Molecular Level response

- IÑW msboisdoriooooishintvownouowosn.co
now in}unfoiuwiswomoisñu Distorts 0101 JUST88 lñuoñwuoooiisroiooñounñ
Soria's hints , } und allom ones Uso alle lo chemical substances
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1.)
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2.) Wtsi Ñnoiouowoo 110=8%05080{Nuthin 07h
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3.) wᵈvÑwhsuSiow9nÑiÑuÑñ5u5ohfNwuo=
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3,15708 UMWIOU N'w duos msiofk.INFO link
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V00 Ñ7Ñw 110=577
ÑwÑw

Note : Metabolite nswoiiritoi}on

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nonunion sohirivñwntvonntwsinalou iiw Troms renin inv 7ns ihofwn

t.sn#mangEEyou:uwinnu.owvirnwniwo.sFEFn(
@

maize > 0:O

Wrona onion> ioñoooososiniiiiehiiniwhiioiriwrionssloi sinriipirvonoinitoiuwoñrs

2.) oinuioh ( aerial root ) Ñwsinnfwniowwruwñw In Wuornos iofn.mn v8 iorsnwiiiiw
" " " """ " " "" " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " °"
"

{
•

now ( o : -114N ) ( Avicennia sp ) 0 :7aiIñiñ :

A sin Ñw .
oiniiuu knee root 0:

g) nuñonoriwonnrio : 11mn sin

nvbNÑw7uo ( stolon ) qusionoiusinunubnnioi.ru ]
no : 107 : Uorusinunsotow ÑwmuwÑwÑun#n• linus Jou voisin inhibits
1 pneumatophore s )

• nÑuIJÉow
a
insipid
( Tillandsia
☒
propragative root hrwsinriiñnoin
use noides ) www.vri/NDsintunfnDsinoimrrniiriwnmnoonmnouo&hror
not iiw

Win ÑWÑW Sino> martinis iwwonnsnnooo 7ns nicht in-57978 Numb

3.) sinuwihu ( climbing root )
when soon mints Dorina Woman snim -75 iwohiriworroinnsnorwvsunoonnnloi
Ñwlatownuuooi ÑU ( epiphytes)
harridan riwniirronsawo wvkihsnpwrfvrioi.vn
☒ 57 nitwit UIIUUJTU 72in msiimn * sin lsihuhuv ☒ 57h Ñwihulluvlwilmn HUW]

nuns iooryooninnoinoownonatowis cinnamon Vayu lofryoonwisovn.nl node into

iofryoinnodeu-wivirioriitwwowwdoasinuoowpn.is
cdoriousions
( Epipremnum
aureum )
wsinriioiyoon
man node twos > niñuohrnn
n' Indoors do no:O : Simon limn

sin IIUWOIVNÑUSI noossrioiors

ntnuoonfrkisinilwihuuoooiwwfnlnun.ir
4.) sinnooinsiiuriounoo ( photosynthetic root )
brinton Jools cortex epidermis visitors riiuitiri
hrwsinriw chloroplast no:

oioooeuinsi : a- 1160110 : moiiiolown-uhrhhimowonoiwooiuwsinidwoio.io

A oinvosn ÑOUI Wild:U07U on two , Uooiow epidermis hsiiriwiin :sinnÑou7N

( orchid ) Isin 310 uovwoifoiu 0 :ÑuñuJwVowñwi8unG velamen hssinosinsi.ci
two Jw velamen 0 :D
chlorenchyma too :

wow ( buttress )
5.) Sing
ivwnnñtoiiipwioroiwluniñiosnoui
hiuoiorsoyiui oiowvoooiwriwooiwrsn
On.}ñÉw uns win Ñv5sÑoo 1075in v70 £04
wnmouwñwiwohiiiriwoinnsnriunsolñ
9rinnywown-oi.ws> nnuwsiofnnwoñ's
roughish no using
:
 root ( sina.sn ours )
6.) storage
niuwino :S woiusntñmiñu 107751W 010758m owviooimrrnisfnuivooo.is cortex
:D storage ( Sap ) vacuole lñuintonn :L, Momoh
uol.ph/oemp.0:uuouwiniin

Taiwo : now
07475

A
full UUUÑN g- V00 sina.owouisnfvriwnnoi.SN
owns his Dunno DWMNDwohvu.us atnmnii • nivhrnuonuoioulun:O :& Jannis
ÑW STAT ! ON 07h75 11N :O : Nnn
Irish unison iiotvirii etc .

IIVWJIÑN nm5nÑ
11mn00
rf

* snuojwwwosrhdwu-ow.io:lÑnÑUñU
Sinmun G)

ÑWNWW}s§wpn7ñ
msnwiñn5wÑIUUpnheWÑw
on fasicled root

www.nvnuauo-whrifoloiwuissino :
Ninurtaworms limo wino :3 units> notion
irwsnnnnmsn :S NOM's
ap
07ms nsihh in Bono's pencil root
:

1- vc

ii. 1
Phellem C
Phellogen
'
e T
Phelloderm P
EN p

* won 07ns :O Wilds two 10775981150

-1

cnn.msa.swois3rhoqiowoiouniunhrio.sn unsomriiñn secondary growth

11500 :S :b Winton primary xylem
tons riiwoyyao-o.si ( free radical ) ,

no : cortex
7.) Modulated root ( Unsw) "

ihwsinrinoiowvwsnn ( nodule) ifnoonnnrnwiowsnnfnuidwsinioisfnsonooñ looks

uinoiwonuulnvs-iuvwiown.ir/s:ufnw8iio-nunrii8uuioo
mutualistic relationship lnoiwowntws :

rioiansnnsowfnsiown wumnhr.ntvnpwn-oiia.nu
"
In

Antonius : nouidwsn
I = root meristem 105N .

WWwÉow ring Uosvwsin

umsiiubivrontrioiroootunfnownoiifnw.ms
☐ slain

infection vosiiunñ But Jim

nuts into 100
=
iiunñiouioivoylhs host cell
v81 ON vacuole thinks Orions

www.jioutuiowlvhii unri/8uonmsnrinoiw7nTiuTrIV--
leg hemoglobin

Ronin senescent zone 'Ñvo=

iron

sin nunñi } onion nihiolaivww.no

Nc = nodular cortex
NE = nodular epidermis
V13 = vascular bundle
NP nodular
=
pericycle

symbiotic bacteria

ybacteroid
•
sclerenchyma 1
Sheath

< 0:
iñuoifhs vesicle nñuÑw
008m11 no
symbiosome

Errors: mute
00J Ñvñu
nuts he

8.) Parasitic Root ( sinus3m )

Ñwsinn Win-win into iodoform two for
10757115577 Nikos wuss Mahn Woono,

Woohoo ( Cuscuta sp ) .
monsoon

0 :D siniiño nriialouitioiiwwuon
7ñnÑÑo=oÑn sin IIÑOÑIU no :/ 0> =
sin ( haustoria ) lviv ioiñwvoo
wounoosianoofsivoniooso.ro , unto,
1in :& inn : vinod nisi
n win
×y1eµñh°•em of
oms

funds v0, %
•
Epidermis Mahn
Woohoo
µ •
Haustoria
V

D. riwwounoo 108204
uwriw Acasia sp .
 •
hautorium

-
-
a÷¥auria MGB host

y
Dmsshosnvstmnnonofmmonriunfoooilrifnusnnvsbmo.in
• 000s Jin ooo witch weed
haustorium

uhowsnuoofosrioowlri.nu
host

• mistletoe Dunton Ñnmahno : ☒

mwnnn.no : nisi •
Strigasp .
v30

lines> nno-WWrriwkoniouooinsi.unoofosoiwiiriwv.nuforsworn witch weed n'into

infect rinko
9.)air-filled root
wuiwriwnwswouiin ( Ludwig iarepenswsnnnmuhrinuormorrinuwhniñiwnsooourio
hiriwntvooun.in intuitions iñooñusinihñ ( Isin 25mm : root dimorphism)
:

÷
>> adventitious stem cinriwuñnniwiñv )
1.) uwiw ( thorn)ÑwñJiwuÑ1NvniÑUñUl5n no :D sclerenchyma/ cells 1001 riiuwin
Visits msn.nntonsnfvninnwi3uunuiiwn.hn IN Winson INUSTW lnloonh
U7nuwiw7w'D n' 05715000 : 180nA prickle no:niÑn'oJ> into ] ] :/ Junior thorns
Uni

rose prickles UNWIN

uwnwwens.sn

epidermis
cortex
stele

thorn prickles
• vonnnriisvoo thorns Unñ • thorns arms niimnñjnw aÑvuov8nÑ trichome
fnumwuwirinvostuuooniwdouloi.io 'wñw iñuoiswvlñ initiatives
ñu prickles
thorns ii. iuntowniiriwunrinri fav thorn ñiñnon axillary sclerenchyma/ Junior

prickles 0 :ÑnÑIWwoVninonJw bud iuwowñuioiriwvnri Nw thorn no : prickles

2.) climbing stem cioiñwonim :)

NNwn-oonriwntrn-uo-nnoinoqiwoonrionfrhiloi.tv iioonnnnannwofnoniñoosdio In >

n' 1100110 ñIñ fnuoi.rimsnmnnjoowuionnt.DVauunidwini.ua Euro's tendril wuhsior

iris miss
Ofw :WvÑwpnÑw7
no

• nuns: v00 tendril

in:
climbing stem
0 :D nonunion ñwuou

no:O: Simon WWIUM,

riowwsfnwo-myioi.io ,

•
grape tendril •
climbing stem
3.) photosynthetic stem lniiriwoiouo)
iiwmsvouriouooiovnwuñhswriiiounnvnnnows primary growth Tnuivooodow
:O :
'

o :D noofsworoiiwooinsiunooiofwoinhrioowrnwia.im wñ
-

epidermis in : cortex

www.hongvutoohvwininnlvowodsinsi.u-iios
a.

Wino :D ioiñwooinsi :ñ
lioomnon Bfm iiw cactus

asparagus equisetum etc .

unnfsioiriwosinsi.unoooi.rioomolw.NU
msobinsiiui oohrnnrufnooi.ininwwridolunihiw.no
8h8mn
!

) Wiluna Ñiuñufuvnri Bunion rin

Jin phylloclade v90 cladode

•
phylloclade n' • phylloclade rid thorn
Doon 11hr00mn ✓Wllnsn Donn

• Words: inn gymnosperm ñooÑÑoUr : inn

phylloclade iuouwnvoosuvsioowoonvrr :aÑwñu

tuvoowvaonvnri

ÑÑUVOOÑLNS :uo,
Phylloclades sp .

IWVSÑATWOOUIWST :
live.owniiibh.no>
1150110 :ÑÑiriw3Ww
n'iuwinosinsiiunoo

nnwtvnnnsunw
spike Tau cortex low

www.msndoinsiiul sowwujn
v80

•
unknown ( Equisetum ) Nuno phylloclade heritor
www.}WUo%
woosrioodriouiovidnoi.ntinonr.iownhm-w
Taint , winnow
'

inni.u-iioonnwhmwvoviooiuwownhri.ir
oovnioocmicrophyll ) Unni 1in :O> msniinnlvñ
4.) air filled stem
-

wuhrniowithin ( hydrophytes ) fnuoirroicloaerenchyma too : nihiininnsooourio

,

finfoot msnooowsiwooimsnloiounsuiinniwuowoiiwonnr.inn ion etc .

5.) Bulbils ( ñuoowuwño)

Nuri's rindxoonnnmriirinrnwriowidwriwo.in ( asexual reproduction )
no :D bulbil unison ( Wu bi Agave sp )
. 0:10 fry riouwuonñinoso :nñuiJw non

p fruits
bulbils
←

bulbils

Agave sp .

6.) Offset & Stolons Ouro)

Wwii riwriiofn.hu/iwosiun-untwl1n:uniooufionsriiuw-.oNn-o lily Jordan ( done )
: ,

vosriwnninwsuonwsnsswiñuoñw 5nÑwmsIoÑw§uuukioÑuiwÑ

•
µ ↳Maa.
• offset / Jwniiriwioowñwvointvii a stolon Ñwioiriwnlowuosidvun iris
ninsosiuos'd n5ou
wutunow Pistiasp .
Coon) ÑnY > nano etc .

iiriwnmsniñnmr ☒
vision Yorktown:O's

µ§t
ñwfnvñwnowo : inn
1am : WionV01 ninth
7.) Storage stem Cniiriwoinwoiuis )
oiroroomwoimnlwiunneow
ioisiioiwnuowooniwoiboeownimoriosolñanroiusul
Ino :ÑÑnvw:iÑnÑuUowno:o&9ññw fnuohmsnnioidwvs.inneiown-oi.sn;

7.1) corm iris tulip laton (taro)

,

leaf

stolon

root

cortex stele

on
corm o-wluwoi.iofnriucormo-wihfnuofnssomouoscorma.tn Susan corm
o :o&ñwawo=UÑos :& who :nnnoonW7ñn DNY-wnowiowlo.vn 0 :D Ms :O :O Nouns
no @

voiooiiniompcdoñwiirtv n' tunic leaf n' cortex amnion

node

tunics

the

laton ( taro ) Dion a tunic leaf a. oiisooosiorirdoiu

corm
iiwsoucorm
• a corm

ññmriiNwO7ms7Ñ Winnie orwññnoonrioidnwhs stolon Bunin cornets

www.ucpotato )
iiwuocginger
izynoinviwwinaly.am
7. 2) tuber iris 7. 3) Rhizome ),
,

ntwiinoljicama
) nrwoiowuo ) /stolon ) n' wooooniñunownito
,
henna
young node internode
iocginger)
gggggggiti.us
shoot •
root

moo☒☒tD☒&fbud
" " bud
eyes
aerial
stem rhizome B
tuber
ooonmsn
Shomron
7ñvnñ

u-shswbwmsnvoi wronl n-uinriwoinwuwmuluioi.MN

•

snooniirwriwluain
118 Adventitious leaf lhrniuwnriwiorv)
1.)
wuhrntrnwllntolxenophytelfnunwouwqvsioiwoniunkn.no
spike leaf ( Nunn
)
msmuuiriohwnnwaiouhwuoonna.am Vinluan ( stomata
:D now sunken )
YNUWIN

•
n

a spike 0 :D iron sclerenchyma

ns.UOJIWVSDNIIUU spike 1150
too :mn ritual now
a

no ! Division phylloclade
hobo :D ghiuiniiluvshr ;D
Tonino :( list Julian Mohr

ѧUnnNoYuñuJw Now

(trichome innsnosiiioiwo
iwiwwisncdoiñvii 10775
>

2.) Reproductive leaf ( b8uWw§ ) Whr 3.) Fleshy Leaf ( Nihiser )

riwmuhidwcirrovfwwnhwjfnuvoiuhwuufi.rsuonieoohrunrivooioisnnwnño
ii. iñnmsiosnlvno: Ñnrirsintnrfonmsnupn lotion :swiinWoGMownÑo Burrow oh

00h11 Ñosonnrwfnowowheniñ succulant plants

i t

i humors : it
t

µs
pit p leaf bud 0:

✗
oujusiorsvouhr
( margin ) Vos
7nA n' 00h00AM
A 1Nsv§WwÑw
(Bryophyllum
daigremontiana)
iÑ{winner intention
uonfnoisñioisiis
4.)
Climbing Leaf ( homme )

www.imgur.wvhrnfvririooonimihrqow ( epiphytes)Ñ 211W do

ÑÉowUñuh ( apex)
4. 1) Adhesive discs ÑÑnvno=ÑwYn 4.2) Leaf tendril
ftp.nn-u.doimgoiiontliw Boston Ivy Insulin :JniJwinÑuo

• leaf ñu stem tendril riioñwrininuewjuw

ioiriwuñn ( axil stem )

5.) Phyllode ÑwÉownÑ - olvriiinoin 6.) Pseudo stem cññwin8ow)

uwirioiudn-nvrsi.no> oh mm nrwinriwninñofsriirfnonnmuhruniuamu
petiole .

ownnuiionsioon 1in hints Acacia 166 NÑOU

sp .

ii. wrioiisioourfownniiu 'ñÑwo8,

tunowiñno :Ñwnuu pinnately compound
nriwofnirw axil petiole :umÑno
o :
cone

nuwoonnro :O :c}w9Ñn%oonowuNn
1150 tide
IUÑOI 07751in phyllode
Joe
'
Blasi : iihosllnv

nÑouÑññw
oiioihriñw
**

outer
sheath

inner
sheath

floral
stem
f
ioiñwoon
ñ's acacia •

UWUOOnnonns.io
n' Nw phyllode mints
 voontrnwnnooodnoinozfnoriwqvin.no?nnInrimwiimnm'
ÑwhnNÑwgViwWmnq
7.) Carnivorous leaf
DUW-innoioouinwnyomoinntynntmfnig.no
nooks )s

coins :JuoYuuÑwnÑs
midway others loin 1Wh :Ñrñw INDO /
ryorunsri) >

ca_sestudy1 Venus Flytrap case study 2 Pitcher Plant

mi.s/. . Dar1ingtoniasp.ase-tudy3
: :
.
-

oiwmuuouiinso ( Dionaeamuscipula ) riwuatoiouaionns ( paraphyletic clade )

DNNÑuwÑwuNo Ñoiuedoñounoiwnoosohi
wriwnwoiowvniulunhrqvmuzah
11hr00min :ñ peristome 11500 :Éwnn→7v
ÑoDnwosmo- in trichome rip :Éowohi
msunfoiiioumdouiucdouwohouwbmuyunooiouao.info
no :O : Uniouiiisiou
no :O :D

www.niwynniomoifworunsoonmsiouiudohsmu uns

( cilia ) trichome
peristome aid
body
1601600 )

: sundew plant
Wurth
riwuuinhiño ( Drosera sp.jo:D Gowns
(tricorne )uÉooisiuÑuooonm
donnas a)I ↳
him rinnniooi.nimsaiowhmii.wsouiuoo
no :O :L }wUÑouuiioo
D. tokaiensis

TDiuUomvh
 Étdy4 Pinguicula
cas-estudy5.Brocchiniasp.IN
:

gwiuJwmniW01UU0NlMiÑ0
n' IuU=sn3vSn6o:Ñw4Ñouo&nsonñsmuN :

oinoifuwlvlln :O :D msvioouiowmtstouiudooi.mn?Uhrii7iio:o-uqnioufnuio-Umi
Jmsñn5viuUOlam:ÑoonÑsinhÑu ñnÑwÑvios + nvnriiutwiisiouww

D. moranensis • ñoouitsnoo :Éw

( butterwort)
Wifu's carnivorous
mu ñrioiwohomwllon
N
Mfg jfwuujllni.in?O7ms
I Iaiiwuswoirinutw
idiom hiomwvnriño:&
y
IUÑUO
iiiuou 87707ms O7nÑwnI
f Ju uwninu
IUUO

case-study.to : bladderwort Eddy -7 corkscrew plant

:

Ñuooiusiuoioiuntuo ( Utricularia sp ) .
www.viunfowriwhuno-owiofryosflrioiw
Nathanial Jwinouomuhsstuwñwñoi
www.vnonrioifhru :( hydrophytes) Dr
wnhwfuldwnsiiuii.bg/uUohsisiTnounnwihiW01uUo( linnoñnwjwriooñoiinwiih
tudou.mlnnin-iiqniudoiwuhsnsi.nl into Ivhsinouoluedolwntrmsnnnunoriñwñiwsi
:/ :

oi.fnwuwniwuauinouooiwuflowsiouoiuisU.ua/garis
Inns :nh :/ Won> msslou
'

leaves

v
normal →

leaf
shoot

stolon
( stem )

bladder
trap modified
epidermis
← leaf meso
entrance
phyll
inner
epidermis

grins:nh:JwBnnwi5o

mso-uiuvomnriqnhiusfwhr iwnwnsfnubuo-nmslw.NU
8mm smokers :W7 :
ñoumsusrouunnnihi
ussñwiismutrsrsouno's
Munson iioswnuuo
2
1
junnhlvhsnsi.lv?itw
 blade
8.) wing petiolate
- leaf
ÑwNnÑnTwUnÑnuwnÑu4uoSoÑnN
midrib

wutihsw-np.sn/Citrushystri'w5slñwÑbÑnvN
x)wuii0=Dn4wh1&uoiJwiiw :

n5iuDN2NOYÑnÑw 110IMUUOU 11h50

( Dionaeasp.lo-iu-wiowniwhiiaiwoi.tn
pituri 'NjwgUÑwmUÑJu11Nno winged
petiole

Ñruov8nñW winged petioletniwñoño

ñworoneiouñsonoiwnuwnnsutuunriivisñn
blade winged
iiniñwui 8wNiuÑowñuNUnÑnnUsims petiole winged petiole

↳ urifuvwuoomsn winged petiole

ÑOD ntwritumsooinsininoowinoiioininw
Won 'N7wnnwNoBriiUÑuwgN7Un's Ostrow
who Ñwllwno ÑwÑw

9.) Tendril / ar -
stipulate leaf
blade
ÑYNÑw tendril NJnim-nnwrio=ÑNnw

wuhsntrno.ws/imaxsp.lVioiJwiui o1oiyNo-8neroO0nl1n
Twiter
:Ww ÑWINÑUOIWOUI

wow @ohilvnwunniwounniriwrioowuooio
1150 MOW On blade

tendril / ar climbing poll blade

stipules stem cwowoiounim :) stem

nswmsri petiole iñnms

10 .) pseudobulbs
wooriofwiriuoimdwuhnnfwntvrilofnuwh.it heteroblastic
pseudo bulb
☐ uiiininiwnsonouoio lwfhioiwn.tv/aiow blade
stem

UFOO-uwmswuhiwvnn.ws ÑWTN 11001150 tin climbing

'

> orchid
root

no%07wiiniuoiorhuwniin-uo-oww.int
074757070006791160 luatowsiniia.in Ñwn MÑOU)Ñ
ÑÑ=ÑN07US&ÑÑ4 Bulbophyllum nutans
blade pseudo bulb
↳ heteroblastic pseudo bulb homoblastic
pseudo bulb

Note : Indian sniiu's pseudobulbs 18W 2 Us: inn

7nTnubÑnvn msnnnriouosoiriis Trini
:

homoblasticps →
iñnoinmonopodial branching nihi
.

do pseudo bulb iñnoinururt petiole msown-wiowns.nu >:

otisiñuo Jniiwpseudostemñoiou
heteroblasticps → lñnoin sympodial rishi
>

branching
riopseudobulbs inno> n petiole O'WIÑUO no:O :D
pinions
lñnñnrtñn
WFMU V07
→ heteroblastic
Eichhorn ia crassipes
pseudo bulb
 ☒ e-* ④ ④ lift
>> Metabolite nlwiontoiounoisrinorynnw intermediate molecule VOWING
n' Duoiuiisnowfnoouwinhrmsdotn.MN ,
n
sighs , duos etc rioiowvwuoo .

UjÑnÉw7 110=0701 cofactor

Vw vooiowvwoiouñlri TnuÑvo=W8nswonÑÑw
oinntrooooiss : who www.jiiwneovodlallomone )

Primary Metabolites ;D wornuorroñumsiooryiriunvoo ÑVno=ms8uWw§ iris

/
→

805kW warring ( auxins cytokinins gibberellic

,
acids
, ethylene abscissic acids )
, ,

Metabolites ;D minivan , woong Niwmuonrwuiooeinonuinwii

→ Secondary

doin minors
g. mw pathway rooms
metabolites oiisrtoinmsuiuhsiñu
lVoÑV0oÑv
↳ iñwiñinwonñrsñognñuñiñnrw
ñononhw metabolite lvisñwiwsi :
uiniñnmsfnionoñonn'ÑUniU§ñ8n
Junio S7sÑÑwñÑoh www.oionao
( intermediate molecules / ivisñis

nÉwo8nñ

↑ n§wmnW a
primary metabolite atnoiwnim
◦ on www.mnrrinoriiwoiriuun-u
secondary metabolite iwsi-uuinnt.ir
} "
100MW In } Vortis Iwm v07 @
ñnÑuqD
www.uui 80Wh Nuo :3 Gorum win Gauna line two
←
*vuiuia}unño=1ÑwÑmu{ ◦ winnetou
↳ iiw
7
vuoio
MSUTU
iv. ñuivoi 8 Metabolites ÑwJÑñÑwun>v7
class Vinu's mwqwoworifwin.no 0in
Alkaloids → ionium Wso un
Terpenoids → Nirvanawww.DUF
Phenolics → Sir .s=iuWñ7w'D of

whrñooioiwmuooñnriunhnnn who :D Ñvwnoioonoriñwniovnrwoiuis ( herbivores )

no -uÑnIÑv IVW low si nun ÑI }u lWÑu oho 7 iJwÑw 0108 Wo -107ms oho ñw7u
 uinomo n' wÑv n' was metabolite v7 Voronin
'
>> v. oleander Donna'µ
WO UNIV IIUU IÑW Olean drin 15ns
8) SÑ voios'D MU

•
'
Over Msu 0007475 + msioorylñufm
+ ms3uWw§
•
Embryonic Malformation ( riooowiooryanunñlid ,
•
Neurotoxicity ( Judo msn.707wvoos-wuvt.hn )
iv. w Belladonna n'hints 1507 n' undo
•
Hallucination ( msiuwmwu.ioowiin-IND.vn )
Renal
poisoning ( Trinian) n' Tina : innmsoiu )
•

•
Carcinogens ( nsioiwmslrinwi.RU into / V0)

nwutoihsvfouninuniumnriooi.roions v
>> primary metabolite Inhumans
nai secondary metabolite Nno-uwuhrihsvfvouddin-uoiwonoiowohii.no
;winhÉw
Sis iwmuotnrin .io?Dnnos&5nDoio5;

gGfB⑧
a
circum in

A Demethoxy
circum in

Bis de methoxy
µ circum in

A wine au forb Andro

a uÉw / Curcuma
sp ) Wan curcumoids
.
grapholide
Nws n' D8 IUÑO ] riiuhiriivwoisrins 0440585 towns> rains
04405

www.vumwfnvifrnm-unn-iowcytotoxinqoiwuwswouw
:
rose no
-
.

% ( Cathar anthus
roseus ) wnimnisnooonnuwhmnnnu

n-wwsnvirsnw-is-oknrivwoisnownoioseuuvsi) orishi
( neurotoxin .in
ooh riooinu Voort 72in 1150 110in

niiñnuoiurhhimsnioirnn
nsiwoiuiu concept
5wiñuoñuñwVw
mind metabolite ñvwuso
town vanna o-riihilw.no u
D herbivore u¥o8myÑvm
rintuniviñn biotic
stress
 >> not nmsmouowosvoon.tv / Wowo biotic
stress ÑOO =D signal Us : inn Mr Hinton USO

Orsino mns-ur.tw furrier IVOUYN iron

receptor n'
↳ oinwwohynywo-qnioohiidoinniuoiwouniboosrwww.ru riÑoiUoÉwnTñw irons
novo Woori omw in} on 110=0 Undo v80 www.vooNV ( pheromone ) Mo 07MW line
smiwohintrriwoi-iwr-o-ooiornuwrusri.is systemin

nounouqwnolnhoriwriouwns mrdo .ir/nDonmrno hin'

n' Simon nouowoolñoui ( com
our :nns 358550100 resolution ÑJSnD receptor
portable receptor ) Ñoimsnnihiirin
liri oiiootoooiomouswooriisn-wloinwt.hu nrioiwrouoisinuoñn
response IN
iris win
metabolite riioñwnihius : 8ns mwmsnwoiosmo-riwntvuionngntrrin.no ñwlu
secondary

Note : similar mycorrhiza souointvñooohansnriuwinisvcoofww no: metabolite

riwuhiwroiwownosiioson To fronts riainsusi ( mycelium ) Ino :| Jurors relievers
www.lumooimd
 Central dogma
and plant physiology
town
>> nsiuowms central
dogma
gene expression siiisunuuniswwsnsrn
of
voodwmiwoohiio.is messenger RNA oioumsnonsuo ( transcription) nisi
ribosome oiissñnuw mRNA iiswoiufvsriwoioumsnvnsñn ( translation ) 07hr56

www.owwfvsriwswysnsns-uowmsrtoiooinnhsn,nÑDÑ5nwwhnw

G%gKgg
hÉÉÉ÷i"m"É"→☒ff
%

Bag
'
nucleosome translation
transcription
'
-
,
,
,

=
Histone
RNA
protein
¥
'
-13 tail
←
poly ( 3D form )
chromatin ,

fiber Genotype phenotype

>> Ñvo=N nolnmsgwns-uuowmsriouwnwiwohiosiofvsriwln-unnond.nl 10=551075

www.rinon-winniow physiology oinn-wumndoiirimns-7-wnnno-snoioo.tn
UDI NUDIUIIUU lÑw . - .

epigenetics polyadenylation epigenetics folding

↓ spliced ↓ ↓
DNA mRNA > mRNA >
protein > protein
↑ ↑ 2b ( ) ( 3D)

transcription splicing ubiquitination localization

operon of mRNA
factor

o-uiuwn-jiowiwuvioioo-oimsnirinnnnmswoiomRN.AT ñonrsownniohnoino
Misato mRNA 0 :iñnNsÑwoiwownn=WnrinoÑUi}0U7ñxfw Own rioiñnfusoih
7ñoTwnJÑ nnnrinsñw when Us : uonwwriiriuoiswuynsrnnn-viouiwwnnwvuv.co is
vooo5D85n7ññu

Transcription factor modification

rio transcription factor iobni.wbsoiwrimondwvsriiuwiriiuiuoio-t-owiw.io_u
riv RNA polymerase iris transcription complex uinNÑwuÉoDTF7ainsuo=7ai }w ,

Ms
transcription Ñv1nuÑUs:[urrrrnums Tho TF nsulinvivulonsnrioomsiwohiiñn
protein n' rioomsnoiuiouSlow rinsiwailñ
v40 rsniiñn u%wn" laiiñn
①! expression
①① ⊕ ,

expression
→ po, → po,
③ transcription protein transcription Protein
↓ complex ↓ comp , @ ×

Mmmmm Mmmmm
promoter gene promoter gene
Ssd Bimba ri Dms no vow oorioosifmnziv.is wᵈv 1in: Gns ñiowW TF uoin

viwuoinunwndniiwn-wuinislnoovujiwow-tn.tw
U uvrfnlriiu mint gene

voofusoiwfvroiwoiion-OIDIUsioiio-uwivirinonwvnri.nu
cladogram
v57 two : win JJñW mini
ñuiuooioinniñuoiisann

www.niin-unsnodfwnniun-wn-o-uhiiwofbwniuwinn
Family www.wciovuoowroiwriniioiunsoodfwnniun-wsmfntu
Protein
57N 5) Uñwoiou u{onionssowñw IN oooo
iiuoiwow Family v00 TF rihennhrivio-unhohnnomioouo.no clade voodooism
oiwuoi clade n' usurious ( innovators ) 0:D Jurors TF family Mn trsvnrn
clade N5uñwou ño :D TF family oiisowwtouniwñw

a case study bHLH ( basic helix loop helix ) low transcription factor
:

superfamily vwinherfuin.wuoiwowfusotwhsnnfwbHLH.io:7ñnwoÑwmw
ritorno> old Ñvnn=5mTD oiwowfusriwhr bHLH superfamily Ivo : ann

Number of g. niro =D Ow family uworioiiwni.mn ñño

Organism MADS -
box
MÑ
,w
MADS -
box lriuorivmsiñn non msmouowo,

oiopnuqdwwoiwo-Doiwowfusoiwhrni.nu
Ñwñu5n5 lined Didonna
Animals 2- 8 its 100 ✗
;wÉw >

Fungi I -4
Note : TF n' Dunn ooioaniownisnh transcription
P.
patens complex tritium family in v01 row 07W 110=0 ,
23 D TF n-oioiuon-wmnhonssown-wn-7.nu
( Bryophyte )
homodimer → TF 2 oioriiuziowñwriioirssowñw
A. thaliana heterodimer → TF 2h5m4s ntsriioiwsowriw
1oz
( Endicott msriDTFuorun-omnhohsiown-wnvno.no inn :

combinatorial control
TF 1nF ñño
0 sativa lucymsni
74
.

( Monocot ) Nobilis unto Transcription complex guns

lñnuniufuroiwñ
 >> Goods combinatorial control lots msahoÑn} anthocyanin forums inn
transcription complex o-rioowmsa.noin TF hi 2 family 7h4m Myb no:b/ HLH
'
:

•
Myb family Naismith Myb gene family hsoiiiiuniofnsfovfrh ( Loei ) doin Cl Pl ,

e. B / HLH family Tusks man b)HLH gene family uw loci ✓ooh B line R

• TF n' man 2
family Wwii
Dunn uo8n miosis protein
riiñuoiumsosionowfnlvennw
I ÑO Irina n TF 1 ÑOIIW> in
man Myb family 1in : trio

Film = man b/ HLH family

nnniuouuriotnriounsvoin
inn ; combination Twain's
oiwailñ

Alternative polyadenylation CAPA )

monitoring moron 0=107 mRNA oonwonirnn o :D msrinriow DNA n' Now7Ññ

00MW nitwit inn -13 tail rooms inn tail oionniioño

' '
Cintron ] or 5 n'u
poly
cap
n'
owoiswwynsnvionriwoonswdniwivn.ua urine
'
Ms to> 3 UTR v00 mRNA
Burns : www.sa-ondnoin Polyadenylation
polyadenylation Tail ñiñnñunvnu Uniontown mRNA ) ouioiriuo
'
mirin 3 VTR (

nri mRNA Simon ? minnow n'

ufioniowiipnnno.no polyadenylation loins'wñw
rinn unions> Msn iriw poly } under
A Iñuw mRNA 0=1 pA site
exon
complementary strand
/
EEEEEExxEEE
/ promoter
'

/
' '

↓
'
b- enhancer 5 UTR 3 UTR 3 enhancer
intron
template Ytranscription strand

d) nÑU
oiñnolow
mRNA
W#W
Untranslated '

region
'
5 UTR
iuuwhewihioininuiis 3 UTR

n' boy iñwoonuiow

↓
↳
mRNA 5
' A 3
'

↑ = intron
no 'og = exon PA n' 10700mV " 50pA PA PA PA
msirin poly A rip A site rioorinnow exon polyadenylation site

riowñop A site iwsiioioo I UTR

riowoionriynñn msnoinuntiu exon
07 urinate
sroanño pA site riownño doubt poly A v50 PA worms exon ñ7ñ twofers
site lñ now pA site > ink
 A PA PA PA PA
' '

DNA 5 ] i
3

> A
G
J AAA
'
m -
3 UTR -

>
G
J AAA
'
m -
3 UTR
-

Ñ mRNA 0=7 nñn

> riownubiors PA site ribs
m G -

J AAA
ññnriñn pA site toiling a
> invariants mRNA n' iuÑOo-7ñ
G
J
"
m 3 UTR AAA
IUIIVU low> i 5 lluuoio 1 mRNA
-

iirintuiiuuñn: grin intron 00^11507 Virion

>
m G-
f- AAA www.riwnrin-uiiuunwnoiwnoiin-guiwriionw

rioiriowo-nopasitenowfowiuo-Dnawww.in
'
is
iuwoioiviow
'
>
Note : 3 UTR

nrio: nodi iwi : n'u PA site urine IIUU iÑU7ññoÑ

nisus nnmsiriw PA
:/
;

o-wuo-ofnt.mu?Un5onnwoiou3'UTR1i5ooiouDpolyAnpn
(
'
1.) Irian 3 most axon
unison ) exon

qnnTuo=noñ'&n PA Ñ mRNA
Irish exon aromas indoor exon
pnñwqnñn7U
2.)
rioisoinñwou;
3.) lñwn exon 2 o-wviwwoinn-wnihiexonpnniunln-T.DE ✗on 2

iounoi composite terminal exon

lriwri Nino ; two'TiÑ UTR vows: who poly Alin: exon

4.) coding region

msinnmsnoupwfnuUAPAiwofnwnnsnwunioriooinro.is
flowering msunwvoiaonw
"

case study : ( / 0=8

FRIGID -1
protein
N modify oiothsmñw
Verna / ization
10005 ( FR , ,

,[gh
""" Proteasome " " -
missis Autonomous way

Pathway
nsioiwms
=
→

osisrusoiw
Flowering
①
Locus C
a
rrlsñwhrouosmsiñn
( FLC )
flowering
vegetative
phyto growth
chrome
Flowering SOC
LOCUST
( FT ) ☐ protein

B. •
-98808000dg + LEAFY
v

APETALLAI Flowering
lno=lñWÑ msnovgwmsuiwmmnufwiwnroonn.hn-00 Motrin autonomous
linkverbalization pathway not msn.iowuoofusoiwFRIWonouwno-mnsi.nu
msNÑwNsñwnño B ( ÑÑO API ) 7UÑwNsÑw LEAFY rosihwfvsnwhs MADS box
-

family iuatown-wvsmswdwwmoionoiorinhi.NO won Unrintwmnnon

i-iu-woinolnn-onnhovwosfn-umsnhsiwvoofvsri.is 2 ÑuÑn7ÑO FC 1in FT :

un nooo riot n' nhsiwo-ritnnnnnouwniouown.ro Jol }unfUsÑw 2nF www. . .

master of transcription factor iwn-wsriwn.hnhim woiiwuwnfw TF riouwa

NoOwÑTÑnmÑw FC link FT Soweto FPA nai FCA nuts Autonomous pathway
'

minnow oiiñuoñwiirinnfnrsrinnrioñ polyadenylation oiioñwñm'Ñw

Note : on pathway regulation riowunhwaimsnos.ua

}
1.) nivin autonomous pathway ; FC ↓ FT ↑ ; flowering inn Jiu inn , Jw
2.) n'in FRI ↑ FLC ↑ FT ↓ SOC ↓ ; inn urn noir
Flowering
3.) NID msinvfvhkvioww.ms VIN 3 ; FLC ↓ inns've ✓now
FT ↑ Soc ↑ ;
flowering

case APA and Oxidative stress response

study :

☐ msoiwwu mutant viñiwniwriovis Reactive oxygen species 7 ññnonoiwvnñow

Ianto inn inuwmr sequence genome voorivriwwnnowuoiiñnms mutant ñow

iwsi-wwdwriinuon-umsonmsROShswvnoiwwuifwrion.co
,

ñouÑ] inorioidoowrio Woh oxidative tolerant 6 (0×1-6)

↳ Only no;w Oxt DswvñÑiñviuÑowÑw ← A. thaliana

ÑoNÑwTFiWoTñnJwJoo's ATCPSF
( ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA CLEAVAGE AND
POLYADENYLATION SPECIFICITY FACTOR 30 )
rinwfusriwniowoiowurnouoiñnrinihiiñn
msiriw poly Arosñ
p A site
'

vooohstnrtnriou
↑
average
msrsrintññiouñn mRNA hiñrurñwuniua root
version into Nw enzyme ninth ROS winos
✗ lenght
↓ ↓ 0×1-6 WT
DNA
oxidative stress inducing ]
PI -
AAA
inhibitor filled medium

> At CPS -530 # Y -152113

modification Nw
-

PZ -
AAA → At cps , o
o_0 PA
11dg Uiiwuwovozmsiww no> w

☆ Ow At CPS-5300:D pA site 2,0 no :D 0×1-6 92ms uroinuniuvoofusnwnnn

inn poly Afro : inwarduisñ fusoiwoinms inn on 1 DNA 5mn'S WA now
p A site 0-6115^0=8 who't ÉWNOJ UNA UNO V00 . . .

• Ewoks → IJWTF Tho ÑwmiSñU mwUnÑ

ROS Ow → Genomics
• Juno → low TF Mins :Ñums transcript mÑw mRNA →
Transcript comics
nriowrioios ñÑ0Ñw positive feed sriw → Proteomics
back loop urinal repressor n
muy
>> iron noirs IVDÑ -7 :D oiisowiin-notwuornu.mu v00 DNA , mRNA line protein IN
ÑwO0ÑU 11501 / ri Unwin iron Vonn Msa liu's) ÑÑW
•
Genome → Ohinsuwnnnioiwiñhsivoniiisiwohiiñn mRNA
•
Transcriptome →
DUwinheninoiiriwiwsii.hn
mRNA genets genome
riouwnrianonurin :
transcription modification iris APA
post
ironists 7 Duwamish
'

• Proteome → NsÑwnJuwnñ mon noir : mRNA v00

transcriptome iwstuiñn post translation modification

ntirnnrioviirioionms
← rinonsrusnwnrintrio
ri Moin Proteome

Posttranslational modification
town'nÑÑUn nsiuowmrtnn-mwnnihi.nl?NAhsivn transcriptome nñuiJwfUsñw
horror proteome unhurt Ñ nothin ñnvooms modify rusriisnnwtrwooo Us :| .mn

ofo CQ
o cleavage

mnpwno-orinvniuufouioriowxaggo-odeo.ua?qg,go-0NU0sN
↳ NNsÑw complex
long
sohu.onwrihi.EUsiorusnwaonoiwohsno
N nihilo > I rusriwoinrusriwiñw
o_0
protein " of◦ ¥0 addi
Higo nswmsiiouiooeiishiwsiowworñufusriwnt tin
, long ,, , own noun.fi , ñnnw proteoglycan
✗
°N 7000Wfront loisnnw non iwohilñ chlorophyll
rusñw ubiquitin iwohivroiwriioiwriolw.in

www.inninun?niio=uinqnsn0Dfw1iriniriovwnTiufUsmwii
a) ufidsriwfnusowitiñnmr modification lot
nmswntwnunonuutuwiouyo-wuo.it
Who :/ n'
71 for
- n' o=Ñn

Bronstein addition oinuñwvmwnworinrnoadfwwwrtfnuointniñw . . .

ˢ"mÉ"ᵗ"""°"É"ᵈ|
methylation
phosphorylation
ubiquitination
sumo (

methyl
protein )

phosphate
I -
CH } )

ubiquitin ( protein)
-

HzP04 )
N
0

n
-

-
methylation
glycosylation
glycosylation
N
0
N
-

-
methyl

glycosyl 1-
C- NHCH } )
glycosyl 1- glucose)
NHglucose )
-
 P OG
↓ I Note :ñiooufusnw
p ◦a

↓I
8 proline oujrionuw
← G
nsoÑwÑOpnñnoO
two msÑnÑw 3D

serine ( no pKa ) Tyrosine ( pKa = 9. 6) Proline ( no pKa )

'{
0^724%08
ji kink
Polar Polar non -

polar
nM OG →
nM →
↓
↓ P

Glutamine ( no pKa ) Arginine ( pKa _- 12 -

5) Threonine ( no pKa )
Polar positive or basic polar
nM nG
↓ ↓ pka -4.1 pKa 4.5
-
_
_

no
↑ M "
↳ U S m
p
Asparagine ( no pKa ) lysine ( pKa = 10.4 )
Aspartic acid Glutamic acid
Polar Positive Basic acidic
Or
Negative or

mwoiiwuwiowmsuonoi
1.) uinNrñwDnmoDfwJw7uwmn Tomalin
modification o-urinnishriirioi.nu
lots uinw mnño :D Tomalin Ubiquitination a.onn
Lysine
2.) Wion inn modification Nno-uinnriuuwjw-ontwvflonsnDUKOHiini.NU twins
www.urioiwmniwwonviqniio-innwntnsowvriluto town Ñoinn modification

3.) nsnowfwusiinnlw.DE ( Nonpolar )

Units proline inn modification uinann
lwsi-wwo-C-nwwiuwown-wuwnirinmsn.TV Irish snn C) n' foin'insouwñ
8070 Wwii risouwñenniriñw )

4.) Proline , no : nsnoofisus-pnvo-oiouhiinnmswulkinkluwaiufvsn.is risks

rinsnodfwmwriowhioufniwnirihivsrtwwowgur.io
0=1 ñnms modification
activated inactivated
change nihiiowsou
? ñ the most drastic ,

visions,n
change in
→ Change in
quorums modification
interaction stability morons: owns central

÷:i:"÷÷÷
-
""
rihiiñnmsiuons
modification roisñousinowwwsñou >
change in dogma 5-

in central
dogma nriuowmsrhon-riinniwmuwowriniuniomsn.mu
localization
horrors oiowlwlnurinfui
i. phenotype v00 / ronin ones
activity 3088in Now V7 ñntwiou
n'www.rimwo-ms ,
→
function
msn.io ) words wins Uitm minions
case study :
'oÉooh Ubiquitin mituñuño
→ msiñn ubiquitination ñomshirurnwuoiinnuw
] [autumn
Tusks
iwohiuynmsrhoiwnooriounouhi 26s proteasome siouñuiniowriolriw
907 rim white in non 1 protein usoiow protein complex
0=1 } uniuatorsñwii Em NÑUINV
ubiquitin ( Vb ) hiriufusnwntiuhnu . . .

horns A. thaliana fusain

✓Orin hurts subunit tinnitus ←
5% proteome
. . .

an ni
untiniow ubiquitination
complex subunit
Ubiquitination complex ubiquitination

}Wgfk
Egg =•⑧
•••
• •
•
•

WkEʰ•• -
,

completely
aware
T
-8 ubiquitin ized

•^
protein

sy••••
•
• de ubiquitin ization ••• Atp
•
<
☆
••8
• • <

⑦•☒ ADP + Pi <

recycle to
:: :
_

make new < :

proteins in amino
"
translation
"
acids

o-urhhioiuwsri.is inn activate ,

conjugate
rnsonrsiovoo ubiquitination complex
n' ioiooñwuinu www.fo-uwfusriwiouorionwbruiiuuhiirinww complex
no= Ligate
E3 ( subunit n' main subunit 6 livuonn ) fav E3 subunit trio 07h
onwsidnuu v00
.

rusriwunontnnoiñoiñsrousoosiiowriu protein oioowññouiewhriuoo E3 ñohi Ub

movionsioriowlvo.vn protein 08s
0in EZ
www.riosntn.i
' '
'

i
' '
'

; HECT
; •
Ring / U -
box

,uby
Ub •
-
E3 Div'sÑwño

-
Rustom HECT www.ions
lñuonn'D domain
f hi Ub Jun'owo=stu7U
Ub Vb n' D) 000W -111ns n
Eww target protein
t
in, Ei 12:D
_

Tru
-

E3 subunit
subunit ÑO E3 lñnonfvs ÑwÑD Ez subunit
0%0%0
,
1in
'
I oioiriiww
,
ns.rioubriit-3
HECT domain Ring domain
of E3 subunit of E3 subunit
 Éit
• SCFFbox-
•
APC
.
Rbx ninth E3 complex No E3 complex

g. vids Usionwoio
← U Usinovoiou sub
Ub
Cullin toiñw Ub TUTIN E3 unit winner trio:

t
, '
F
SKP
Noy uw
Target Drains
ring
box
v50=D frissons NÑU rid Zn " motu
I '

n'U RBX Cullin

- -
ASK

Full -
name
☒ ThrowJuri ritu inn Ub
complex iirintliuulrrriis
A. thaliana no:S .
cerevisiae

vwwu-ojo-iu-wloi nnirwwowdinrivuvownfno.sn
cohort

rink unicellular organism

oiohtwinualnnnorovorsouou
1h two : noiriihim-oowjiw.rs
Outworn protein in't Vb

mnnoioiouloisn-wlin-jiwowo.
complex
'm vn
anti 070
function n'
gain new
out
↳
Vierstra 12003 ) v00 A. thaliana 5. cerevisiae
v00

Epigenetics caiwnñoonñhsunwwsnssr )
Jniow genomic modification gun www.isiwonovqwnoiwoinnsnuo-ufwinsms
wir msriihiuio histone www.hivsions
transcription hiiñn transcriptome
euchromatin haunts heterochromatin unison gene expression , msiñn

addition vooukw-on-wwoinon.no?UuwSon5fo7nniSwriw
• uinlñn epigenetics oinos.unuvn-wo-n.hr
inn transcriptome oinsñwlonwooiwn-10W
APA mrinosuhwñrs a' swolriñrurriwcinoñrs
inulin phenotype oioñwoifu

new :
do DNA Tuhhrsou Histone protein vision
octamer ( lñnoin 8 subunits ) linin : unit
0=8 uiooonaniowpniñn epigenetics
DNA oinks Histone octamer June 2 SOU

un nostrils oojñooñwnriw oiriihilaiiñnms

n°70 DNA mhiiñams transcription
inn unto oil } Unh Euchromatin
riiufnrmnwn Ñ DNA vnñwunowrtiwsi epigenetics :

a'owubionsufnsniriwviw DNA vnñwiiwiissiriouiñn epigenetics ; heterochromatin

 • ooisnnihiiñn
epigenetic 0=1} on

in epigenetic factor
low fwinnniñuo
lib CH 's worth
rusoiwññiirwub
>>
epigenetics uiouuuluiñnñu DNA 7ñ Iainihiiñnms mutation shown liaison
herd o-uinnriufsfnwmnntriwnifomnmsirindn.no niiooiowohiiñn mutation
Tierno'

s> iwoooinsiu Histone tail Ñ now/subunit oinks histone town 8 tail

noinrini tail n-Dsu-snsnoaffwdion-wo.hn's hims loin methylation rios Dots
vnoshoidwn-uonoilriwodohi.sk iihhmsoñw inulin Histone code fwm

tail

⑥§⑧É
hetero ✓ ↓ s ( serine ) .

¥
chromatin ( Lysine )

⑥@D⑧f
--'• K
.._ .
N •
#'
I
EU
DNA 1-13 i. kllysine)
, "" ° " " " Epigenetic → .
:

+µn
> modification :
tone
qq.DK
↑ site
;
/ Js
i.
•

Pi
• .
'
☒ •
. K ( Lysine )
• .
.
chromosome subunits
' .
.. c

É088MW + oh nuiionsno Dfw +58ms inn

"
modification
o-uosfhss.vn
"

>> Histone code uv

1-1213
• 88kW Subunit Ñ 5 11W ; HI , HZA ,
1-1213,1-13,1-14 Ñ 88th worry inn n HZA
, ,

06700=4 80W
1-13,1-14 HI -0708 Wola'D ÑÑ Union DNA riv octamer Tim shinn
epigenetics 7ñiv'wñw
ñnÑo
"

• d) 11 Unionsno Dfw Wu oiinubioñ 7 N-terminus him , } Oury Going07h

mwñnsuwñoiatniñr modification riu Lysine ( K) 1in : serine ( s ) Taunton Mr

ooiojuonn-eoonr.no Dfw n' 0W MWÑUÑ> " Uhh oiojoiwoiins Histone code

IUIIUU
-
modification
◦
imma
↓

IUIIUU
nÉvoo8ofnw
 modification niw :
•
riooosuuiiuums
Me =
Methylation I -
CH )
} Ac = Acetylation ( -

CY OCH } ) Ci = citrulli
nation
Ub =
Ubiquitination l - Ub) P =
phosphorylation C- Pi )

Ex : fñn 1-13h36 Me 3 → linn tail v00 1-13

↳ lñnnnsnoarwñori 360in Vow N terminus Voñoio lysine
↳ inn Methylation 3 SOU ( tri methylated )
riohiinonoio octamer)
1-14123 Ci Me → iinni 1-14 ñ4uwñ7ñ ( D 2 I

↳ iinnnsnoarwiion 30in N terminus ñño Arginine

↳ lñnnonsiriwuw methyl no : citrate Whowin

sririifriinn Epistasis uioriistownov ( Epigenetic factor ) niisrnwuiiiriln 3 ii. uu

-

>> G)

1.) Writer into noir 11 unions modification iynnfoninnms modify a -1N

Histone code

Entrain unique iowiwwoiniñw 15hr1min10s writer 0=280 ciioñwv

0=8 niii kinase motu Éo
Writer riiriw phosphate
n'turn
2.) Eraser nimr de modification ÑÑO n'wins iiuu writer nrioownrtu
msiñn Epigenetics 154106107 Pi 00h1 }unit phosphatase
3.) Reader Winston sÑD
modification 0:15 nor rino :)soioñ Dario nishi TFM
Junio rñnlñowan uioÑwÑÉshiD writer no ! Eraser on modify resort

Modification
www.nrio-nfnn-doio-site-nouriwms
*
modification
H3k4
einon-whlrihinwnvoonmmioriwnw.IT Fun
inoiñuoñwñmw
H3k9
Note : ÉO towww.ohiinn
H3k 27 ms modify drop
•
Acetylation
acetyltransferaset.nu
HAT -
Histone

HDAC -
Histone de acetyl

enzymes i. 0700h

•
Methylation
Histone
HMT
methyltransferase
-

loin
HDM -
Histone demethylase
 case 2 : Verna /ization pathway
o-wisonwifiooo.mu?DmioorinewnmsiUowNsriwGowo
msnsioiwmsoonnon ( flowering ) 0 :D pathway
gene riomsiñn Activation of ABC

others

↑
Autonomous
"

"
Pathway

IUOINIÉOO polyadenylation
muhsnolnmriñn flowering o:D fvsriwoiouii > Kuno's flowering Locus C Irina now
oiiñuoñwñu FLD, FPA 110 : FCA V00 autonomous pathway do not nmsofiofus.my

FLC Join nah> in UÑ Epigenetics

Minutos Nou
,

1.) hsiao vegetative growth oiiñnfvrnwhsnojw modification activator Ewan

uwni-obun-wn.tn
FRLI FRLZ ESD 4 PZEI VIP 3 VIP 4 Norio
Tinn FRIGID A ( FRI ) , , , ,
ARTI
, , ,
snow noon
rionuno-wirws.li
Histone tail active nihioio histone Ju DNA

7ñ
Tolin msÉoinn=ñNsñ winnow FLC

2.) hours -vlÑuoñw msiñn autonomous pathway o=ñhi7ñNsñwn&w modification

re pressure
; ,
FPA ÑwNsÑwn7UJu mRNA nihil Nssñs7w7ñ line
FCA , Flu
riihioinoiolñ mRNA n' Nii Urrñolzilñivhsnis
FY Nw pit factor
fUsÑw8nn&wVo
Us :nou7uñu HDAC ( Histone deacetylase 1, FVE , FLD T.TV to> uwj Acetyl 00min
Histone tail niihiñwms transcript Ow FLC 00hm n'triforium DNA nwiwiñnms
transcript Owen nib

annum n'www..rs VIN 3 Nonihi FLC In ninny

'
Gow IUSÑW VRNI , VRNZ
3.) :Ñw
t.NU ;wÑw complex sorrow FLC linioriims methylation no-uo-uwwsriwuion-n.tn
inn demethylation www.rions-giwllr-iinmsirinuwjmethy/o:rinsnwaors Nisman
m ruinous no : minors embryo Jnn%o

← Light quality Flowering

pathway ÑW Locust

fruit's door rim > Protein

ns !
ñw FLT / in

Noms Moro OJUO : Arabidopsis

thaliana
tonal lino -1 IR
whwfusrtwlwfnfnswlin.im soo
Urwin unto Wi snow CRY
 case study Superman gene
:

list Iñwmsñwwuowñouworihr
nouqwmso-no.us thrown non
(flower modeling ) livoti Dhillonsoon
unions : vow ms
Flowering pathway no :
ABC DE No uiishsniwoiwowiiwo
gene
mutant 11500=1 n'
noiwowinosn-ocfi.UO-uvwmny.in
undo ✓ooh SUPERMAN

SUPERMAN n' iwsvuwwriihi mutant Drinks : tuition fauns 8

,ÑnTVoJi
" "

Shun
oiouwooo androecium int w iintriihivwinvoononfausowri turf Tw
'

jurors stamen

g) ñrinwo motto v00 Lee et.at 12019 ) ihssuriiwuw .

crabs craw gene ( CRC ) n-iowondwnriihinondwomso-niiwnn.vn continents

DOwrisooononooonmnvwfown-wn-o-uriihtnonhrn.mn
iunownu Superman gene fnuuin mutant
On Univ Inn ( win ✗ 4 V00 WT) NJ CRC 110 : SUD interaction ñu
Juno'S Bro ABCE model

two roti om7ñDms map Uunfonrifonñun: nino Dfwvou SUPERMAN no : SU

full
( V00 who Urñwuuuiohrsnununinms) I { uutounririomn-D.ms ñwwu mutant
:( riw
nvm-unonhrni.luTow su ( V0 mutant v00
a- SUPERMAN nvuÑwqnuÑn ) noooo

7uñwqñw v57 Downturn's shows Ñwnniiuñu SU tooooo 107M map niiñu Ivana:

nsnodrwn-wuiiiustown-usunnur.ms 1in'DwD Phenotype rinoñw 040 ! 1150 Wwii

ohoriwlnouholsnidin-uivoiuatowri.rs ñlnui } ND mission www.io-uinn modification

rinori.nu nhiinu

s> iooamsrin disulfide sequencing

indoor.in Dms inn epigenetics uw

Histone uioai uroirin addition

uw mRNA u%NsÑwo -7s D8 ?

↳ Is > wuoi Allele 0000W Surtout "

Taibi Allele Unni nrinw " epi allele

Noria Orin methylation vicious
"

nñonihinnnooio mRNA no :{Usriw

wÉowu
→ ñowwinurioooepi allele hunted ,

CLARK ( KENT CLK ) > n' 1ñvoh5nÑ◦ Clark Kent

kryptonite
-

Superman
unriwwo.IS tinnitus methylation ( character) ( fictional mineral )
( Disguised SU )
l1wÑluÑowñw n' 0=1 } on CLK Vs
videos
rio Clk www.ouoo?rUiUOfiiwwnowUoowoiomuunJn-wu5na mutant dk Dw

Wutai too = iwsi-DWviioiwlw.IN trio :D v70 Version riot Msn express 00mn75
irons Voihiatwluaiii STABILIZED CLARK KENT ( Clk St ) -
 Lee et.at
sepal 4 .

sepal 4
( 2019 )
petal 4 petal 4
stamen 6 stamen 10
carpet 2
y carpet 4
y mutant
WT su or sup
flower flower
5 UTR
'
SUPERMAN 3 UTR
'
patterning
1
'
5 UTR SUPERMAN 3 UTR
'
patterning
mutant
mRNA mutant
> SU mRNA >
SU

sepal 4 Lindroth
etat -12001 )
>>
Dmsoorfurioohnn-oniwo-owwv.su
petal 4 nuuuoo dk-stepiallelerioimsn.no
stamen
Y
10
frlsriwoonanñvoosouññonwwñnm
carpet 3
Iñiwsiiwwnniiunooin Clk stnñuiow -

Clk -
st
mutant
flower
SU 1150 Clk
_"stgUuvuÉwiWoiñnms
methylation o-rihivuosms-fino.ir
'
g- UTR SUPERMAN 3 UTR
'
patterning
n SU 70100
s
/
I
CH
}
@ >
K -

mutant
ST

→
mutant
loud msnnoo> ni su pressor screen
gnats.it/uuuovepiallele7uwvoodk-st
SU
CG methylation '
mRNA
rioimrninn demethylation wonder
inn epigenetic ñ
Éwllnomsllronvoon ioÑowÑw allele
OWN lab loss tunic )
Unrivoo SUE

WUJI . . .
Dow ohñowonsuñnihisu gene Iaioinnsnfñnoonmñfauoisñoniotñn
7ñNsÑwñuÉoÑo% SU IVAR )3 -9 Woo-1 Uñouwiiwñnrioujursiun
Cl Cytosine ) v00

lwsko-uriihio.ve/k-stiironorioohiJwSUPERMANn-'Fnw
Clk it 11501077 Uhi Histone
-
rigor H3k9 oioroowoionnnoo's KRYPTONITE
inactivate an H3k9Me modification
clh-stoonrituiiuosoinvi.NU epi allele
5s
,UñÑo : KYP ( KRYPTONITE/ 70107 CY v00 v00

SU / SUPERMAN) n5vÑw allele SUriunrinrichgwwluoiniosfnwnnwn.tn

v00 SU

riioiwailñ n-iuafowuinfuwwn-n.tn?iUo5nwwo0Wiisonv
Gingrich - St Waits stabilized Cirkus ) n-iwsi-unnwWNJKYPNaion-ostuc.bg

uosclk-stiin-usuhiinn-usinuopuowwriqwriowuwiwloi.in
silencing
lrouriiluiwrrorsms

uissviiwvoo clk-stepiallelennno-wfwlnu-ln-riwrio-oinm.hu KYP mutant ( typ)

clk-strbwhenjlainsnowrwnJ-DKYPUnoiinumeu.us msiironooon
OJLÉW SU ( VAR ) 3-9 uf08nUoÑo KYPWwfvsdwis-in.nl-13kg .
methyltransferase .

rionsnrirunriwwv
 case study :
Imprinting
Southwood msnovqwhirioowwvwrnmufnuwu.io u epigenetics iñoorooriu
-

Tau Genomic Imprinting ÑwmsaouqwhipnD5nÑnvooOw5noiiouÑoiuÑowñv

Joni ooiwnionw iwoitooñwms mutant livoonohnniunonnw 5) airi Mendelian
'

Inheritance

Dmso sequence rio transcriptome union www.wiowtunjriinn imprinting

72in'd wninñryciomsnoonvoowhririnsntn [nuns Imprinting 0=1 ñnonoistronoinu's
Taoism
egg ( gametogenesis )
n'u
mitosis oinriw gametophyte
mono sperm
ÑvnJuwno=iñn demethylation worowñwriihiiñnmsnnnuoonvootufnranriw foodie
ÑNsÑw poly comb Repressive complex 2 IPRCZ ) miso

o-wwtnwo-uo-wkcihleret.at
Imprinting Note :

n-uwgrinsrwormiweiwiv.EU
.
Www

( 2010 )
( 2n )
suunuu epigenetic regulation
DNA
vegetative tissue Éwnowmsiñn imprinting :
offs
ynriuiio 99 > ✗ 1.) hsivnonnw vegetative growth
E GENE Uncioiwmsiñcrms methylation ni
'

> ✗
niiñuiuo ca ( CG methylation) ri
99 Two :b
E GENE
ññriiñn
ÑwÑiÑvgU IIUUUÑO / { Und Transposon
Imprint
lriuoñw ( TE ) njvñshsmUUÑ°
✗
Soon 'owÑ0iuw loci
'

↳ riihiowwrrñntflsilñriihioisñ

em"""ⁿw!¥?
'

Oujhr DNA vivariums 00h00mn n'7074

ynrirooo (
gametogenesis)
ghost

::€
"

§¥§
TUBE CELL

)
1213121 : SYNERGID

q
1- 1-
1 CELLS

]
☆ > ✗
%
,
> ×
% GENE
EGG CELL
GENE

§
÷
(n)
9 > ✗ ✓ DDM1I÷f
E GENE
9999 > ✗

§
> Phenotype
DME E GENE
siRNA
, .
Tn > Phenotype ,,
,g
,

✓
E GENE
in ~

> Phenotype 1ns :p'w

S
E GENE SYNERGID 9999 > ✗
↳
siRIA-wwmwww.ws E GENE
( silencing RNA ) egg cell mitosis GENERATIVE
7052 sperm
/ CELL ( n )
 egg has sperm ii. iñnmsioiuai
2.) Noiñnmsnoion'wmÑfNWñnÑo , } Noho
I

methyl rioifuw transposon 00h fault demethylation g enzyme ( DME) down

hi TE n' ioiwñnn = Duomo Joshi n' own visors
gene

TE rhombi = trio RNA Iwm (Tail rinfrdsriwoio ) 11500=010 ni

3.) lid into silencing '

cell iwohiirin
oinnnivonnnwmaornwñmnoosowñwñ sperm egg no :

methylation too 7Ñ TE nihi sperm ñv egg cell bin's msnonoowo.nl 150

TE
n' endosperm
Me n' pin
" Wn " Ñ
'

5
f- 3 ' "
CG
"

§ =3,§ g. methylation ↳

⑧ É?G3
"
" "
= CHG

jG?_Cg methylation
.

l
Me
or

5 'É↑3 ' "

CHU
"

methylation
jG??g ,

1-I = A or T

OT iuwoioims
methylation
5008021 Owns
repression
MS 115ns 00h V0]

Owari

Transposable Elements or transposon ( TE )

low v8 nvoodwhioowoimvsiinnrfvnnt.com 5 untruths owns: gins msn.io> is no: Judo Mr

n-Nwdwur-uinnuwoiiwn-wpniriwvooownni.no
riiawvoodwowqoiow-wisioi.nu oh

8510
TE
transposon
replication
ñonwowriwnoiiñnms self
Nnooñwiihsnrionoyriiiiuhioinuo
'
ln-o-nfwwriownrio.hn replicate
uri ! copy v00 transposon who-010
copy int
Nostri random position uw DNA V00 iron

•unironed transposon nioiwññoriñnms monsoon > Vin uoodwniohn-ryciomsn.is

51511 riohuinhiriionbiinioo-un.tn inn 70 rawohiowriihiiñnmrri , aunt, ]
vooniv copy
Jrwwvos food
minivan ? airiihi TE rimwo-nihiiisnonlwnohiiointyrfrimwlailoiiirio.si
raw
•

riinuoriswoin TE ist ñoÑwÑvnn : 5m55 owner Nhi TE oiononoriioiwiiriuioioovoooom

hiivnnn-iniin-rynohfvwownimoinTEIUWiioitaifawn.int
Iiririoouoarnntuivnnuioivnnhi TE monsoon 1150 hi fawning Ño genome
U Genome

3
4
1

2 5
 Defense Hypothesis
loisowwñriwrioiuiwmsiñn Imprinting cihwmoms Inactivate /activate NOTE

trspnuwo union's lion potions ÑfwnJ7ñ wfowrisofuiuoiriinntvnonriv.io

synergies, antipodals 1in : tube cells ohñou
• Orsino , Kirin imprinting 0=1 Ñnmsnnno oonnowo.in gamete ninth oioww
n-inuriioiwiidiowi-iosifioounrioiqns-5umsn.mu Mos oioweiwaiiunriirfwino
In lust ownionain-iwn-hihooooovoudwo-NWO.TT
ñlaifñnowoion From monsoon
D IUÑOWÑW
"
rishi Ñfwnidms Iaiiionvoon
"

•
sina.viwvaiuowhiowrfnn-TEsiwisnniawloiiiw.in'Sniñouhsoiosnaioinw
TE ( transposable element / transposon) nWo
ñiwsi =
www.rwmsosiovsriw =

vivariums Wran Embryo moi ! Woio UÑOOW ;D TE ñnmsñnoon DNA laws

no 0=1 :

riowwnuuo-nfwwoiniolunnsnrionsoluw.nlñtrs
unrrnhulunnsnoisiuinoowohn-ryvoovir-intr.mu
DNA

↳ TE riiunhriosio RNA studs TE oiouñw 100 ;msñmDfn7Wñnims activate

TE two hi WÑMOWNÑOOMSTÑ Mri ÑFWWVOJIVDÑ Wwii run TE n' into Ñioowainihnsn
Jim oy7ñ ivies Ññ TE rñnñ siRNA ( silencing RNA ) unionist Uri gamete
TE minions Tfwwinos on mints embryo
n'hi gamete nooooo i world fnw
Vodou no: tube cello:[nw TE inns
nri synergic , antipodal , polar nucleus
riihitrwwwsiint.JOUunisiñn embryo 1150

↳ wncinsrw Wound Genome Sacrifice ñÑo iron uiiooowhi TE n'ioiwiwohi

7 ñoisouos msn.mu V00 TE Nhi Ivo Ñriisiñry nitric 100 liriivn ÑÑO 100 ii. Taw TE
n' run activate niaunioirwwowonuuwdñoonu rinirriooo accessory cells ?
sou
gamete INNO

n: ated
NOTE

↳ It ated

dead siRNA
of
" POLLEN GRAINS
damage ( )
↑ ↑
.
GAMETOPHYTE

NOTE ¢
Msk TE turns go'T
Egagc Hated
EMBRYO SAC
IN AN OVULE Suwon's 07s I Reverse

( Q) genetics Identification)
Histone Variants
won oinonfnwihiivn Ñ0=Ñ 5
Urn ( HI , HZA , 11213, 1-13,1-14 ) FOOD variant v00 limo =
subunit ñou iris HZA D variant oiouiisisunoiHZA.zwooiisn-unuuvnrinson.tn is

n-owhsuinoctarner-DHZA.27.riihiadfomn-ivawwn.hr
now 5061105807 Ooiooiunon narrow DNA Junk
linkup
IF Ufo modification
protein leg . Vb) NYU

access )7ñÑn%ÑoU
Temp twin ; HZA ?
iinsnmo ( easy

UpnJiu iñnms
findwiñiwiws> I

[ TF IN UUIJTO

^ or ( Éwñunnn)

'
7 [ Temp
ÑO Su
IÑW 112-1.2

pressor who Ub
within
Ufo

unis histone octamer nnw Histone octamer no :

methyltransferase
min HZA UNÑ rib HZA 2 Nw subunit
.
Jiu arms win FVSÑW

>> ñowtwinownnnmsnounwms Flowering wingman Dinners ,

( Vernal ization

pathway ) riwononoiiñn APA no = Epigenetics 115050090 Histone Variant Too

ground low → Ohsñiñuoitouñu msoonnono-ufnsouHZA.tl Histone Octane r un two
'

TF Wim Julio:[nñ
group Dfo → H2 A. 2ÑOI
Up noon ri> hi DNA polymerase +

rusriwoonrnoi ( inn Histone Eviction )

octamerlno-owho-urofiofusriwn.rs?WUfD5oirin
twain snow histone
arp 6 mutant → 112-1.2

Verna / ization tailor

cytoplasmic inheritance
Mendel
www.riofusmffomiin-uymffomo-Dmsriivnoninvni-u monkeys son worry
V11Uv union 0=90 Genome 0007Wh now in}u nroofswointm was In no:{Usoiwtu
g.
trfnvonnrw vector mohvns-umowwpnsswntooiohin-opnuniwwomsniunon.io
nnhooiooimoinahuhnahouw-ollwn-moinnsnionn-iiw.nl ñ) Nsfw 1300 Prom blem

Solving ÑoinÑoÑo Us> ns.mrrfuio.osiwiriiwtwloiiiri . . .

( CMS)
1.) Mitochondrial ( Cytoplasmic) Male sterility
Ii hit window in} vii. DJ fun v00 dsDNA 04 nuts
onwrinoiolvhsunwwoynsrwo:{
Nooner circular dsDNA oionnhoo-ifun.in Mitochondrial DNA unto :D not n msn.mu

ooiswwqnsiwhsooinooohsivoowro-uwmiDNAOI.hr
low semi independent n'
-

IVOÑNNIVOÑ
Histone Variants
won oinonfnwihiivn Ñ0=Ñ 5
Urn ( HI , HZA , 11213, 1-13,1-14 ) FOOD variant v00 limo =
subunit ñou iris HZA D variant oiouiisisunoiHZA.zwooiisn-unuuvnrinson.tn is

n-owhsuinoctarner-DHZA.27.riihiadfomn-ivawwn.hr
now 5061105807 Ooiooiunon narrow DNA Junk
linkup
IF Ufo modification
protein leg . Vb) NYU

access )7ñÑn%ÑoU
Temp twin ; HZA ?
iinsnmo ( easy

UpnJiu iñnms
findwiñiwiws> I

[ TF IN UUIJTO

^ or ( Éwñunnn)

'
7 [ Temp
ÑO Su
IÑW 112-1.2

pressor who Ub
within
Ufo

unis histone octamer nnw Histone octamer no :

methyltransferase
min HZA UNÑ rib HZA 2 Nw subunit
.
Jiu arms win FVSÑW

>> ñowtwinownnnmsnounwms Flowering wingman Dinners ,

( Vernal ization

pathway ) riwononoiiñn APA no = Epigenetics 115050090 Histone Variant Too

ground low → Ohsñiñuoitouñu msoonnono-ufnsouHZA.tl Histone Octane r un two
'

TF Wim Julio:[nñ
group Dfo → H2 A. 2ÑOI
Up noon ri> hi DNA polymerase +

rusriwoonrnoi ( inn Histone Eviction )

octamerlno-owho-urofiofusriwn.rs?WUfD5oirin
twain snow histone
arp 6 mutant → 112-1.2

Verna / ization tailor

cytoplasmic inheritance
Mendel
www.riofusmffomiin-uymffomo-Dmsriivnoninvni-u monkeys son worry
V11Uv union 0=90 Genome 0007Wh now in}u nroofswointm was In no:{Usoiwtu
g.
trfnvonnrw vector mohvns-umowwpnsswntooiohin-opnuniwwomsniunon.io
nnhooiooimoinahuhnahouw-ollwn-moinnsnionn-iiw.nl ñ) Nsfw 1300 Prom blem

Solving ÑoinÑoÑo Us> ns.mrrfuio.osiwiriiwtwloiiiri . . .

( CMS)
1.) Mitochondrial ( Cytoplasmic) Male sterility
Ii hit window in} vii. DJ fun v00 dsDNA 04 nuts
onwrinoiolvhsunwwoynsrwo:{
Nooner circular dsDNA oionnhoo-ifun.in Mitochondrial DNA unto :D not n msn.mu

ooiswwqnsiwhsooinooohsivoowro-uwmiDNAOI.hr
low semi independent n'
-

IVOÑNNIVOÑ
 hsnratuiowrioon'D modern genetic
horns on ÑWnJ4u n' a. hi
technology
ñu7ÑUs=ñu iv. wow 508 UV, oinrio Ow

www.ono-uoiooinntvwwfnri (true breed

Ñw 1150000
USO homozygous ) m wow

riinhivwouioismnwwn-inpnn.tn
of hybrid
Inbreeding
'm wswñwioo ( )
11505Wunion inn Hybrid nyiwuwioniinss
Tintin Sahir
ñocfuFoÑiDuÑwuÑw
marrowWwifñwoioñ ( sterility ,
owhenjinnñuinros
'

← mutant n' inn whoa

oiocfiin-nouaonlnnntiunmufolaiwrnwioiowww.no
model
Wowo ABC
rid nwonnniiwow

mutant n' ÑW UNWINman 3 11W

Tov ÑW . . .

•
Carpet oid stamen Irina now B
Isirhoirsinu Joinaww te pal
n'u

in room-0 of ( non 1W
Naf )
•
petaloid stamen in narrow colors
lisoriitñow A mover dominant
WUN
Winson v7 00^74070
•
degenerate anther on ABC Unni
Hanson & Ben totila ( 2004 )
hriowhswfn now in} UdnUnoiunw

ii. iuwrioims mutant

nuvqnn.su ( degenerate stamen ) lñnoin CMS room is
pollen grain riwomloio-inngusobiaims.hn'M wlñrnwvnri ( nonfunctional )
moinowrioyhsnoinoduons-n.ro
'

wud dwñ n'trivia anther RF

degenerate
nririo-urihicmsuwnwhrinwo-nvnoo.vn
fertility
( male restorer ) unnnuoohinnu mirror ÑOV
nowhints WT ios D

§
' , '
uiioiwñ DUTYUI CMS ñluwuo> Don
0¢
gene family rioujhs
mitochondria
Noni uwhiniinooñu RF family inserts do
in PPR I Pentatrico peptide repeat ]

www.mim↳sn.§ʰa.ppnm.q.nondria
→ ,
" " " " " " "" ' " '"" ""
Gene
Kuroshio 0=100: days onion own 8nÉw

o-owwwoiqomnnwwo-irinmsgo.in
hs tree of life
new function
Ñn UNI V00 PPR protein :
Ñwfn now in }Uu%noofswñsñ Bon
'

• o N terminus 0700=8 domain ñ / ☐ me

worst's target domain nrinilaiwusionsntn-B.vnin Untargeted domain
•
n%oiuo= inn short tandem repeat ( STR ) ohhh 2 ño 26 Jou Tru 1 soul Ñarn
v80 PSLPL serine leucine proline leucine ) f) ñ
proline ( P) ( proline
-
- -
-

• o e terminus 070 ÑwnuV7ÑÑfnlwwÉw , Dna '

E domain
,
E + ETUÉOE + E- ++ DYW

domain ññ

ririwn-wininrouiin-guiivuririion-wvoofurriwn-Duwhnn.io
disksfamily RF nai PPR Antonioni tiwari> Uhh
ñwÑwñw riw . ..

translation cleavage transcription

RNA

nouqwo-nsimsa.am}
FI ! ¥m%
• • •

•
stability
RNA
degradation• RNA •

modification ÑWUÑN
•
splicing
RNA
editing • RNA fusain> now

2.) chloroplast DNA ( Cp DNA )

low dsDNA n'
04m04s stroma Dunn 120-160 Ñfnajiuv Ñsnoiwptowunmo
wwqnsswwounfrvoomiDNAmnrfdwuwwwn-o-to.tn"NUsÑwS8w Chl
,
tRNA rRNA
,
110=1567 Virani Nov DNA TLITÑDOWIWO Motions ÑWnVÉwmnWn 1in : Wu STR V00
onions in repeat vision RNA

large >> ufiorsoouuw Cp DNA 0:11 Volition :

→
single www.owriwowoin-ryoojndoooin
COPY
1.) Single copy
US low
Cp DNA v0,
@ no -15min Cp DNA
V00 112in 'T btw
n'
DONE n-inuwo-nrimswswwmvwwfnsnn.IN Nou
( Conservative property > fnuo :D 2 n' ow
riowfunf-l.SC no : n'onion = Ssc

2.) Inverted repeat region ( IRA 110 : IRB )

Ñw✓ooñ'Ñw RNA Taibi DNA 110=500%250 :

Downton-610010win Ñuo riihicp DNA DgUsio3D
Inverted antiunionsin : Wow oYñuw=
← repeat \V www.gnuqridooi Inverted repeat ñiwoiiniñu
region -704 Sons rolnoiuw IRA low compliment order
Smay ñu IRB
n.nriinuiionihiivinin.ua too !
←
single copy
 BREACH

0-0-8808
sp .

← IRA
IRB
→ ( SSC )
Loop
flip
a ñoiio inverted repeat Mohs IRB & IRA
gwuwigw
tRNA V00 : a Ñnuriufnrsnsiuihrcp DNA and invert
iii. In flip no :
trswvo :D Cp DNA n' Snorri conserve
invert Noun;hinJsosÑsD8wluÑowñwÑ=
11N Mr rivlin> a-vivo 1in :Ñnñu8w.hr
hoists Ww
whinny nnfwo-ufnnin-wmnziwoooino-ino-uioioioui.isTau
ñwin' into linin's
complement &
H -
bond now noio]
unnrin mutant Bronstein mutant
o-umnmwnnwvurowvoonivo-o.mu?Ulnu
inverted repeat

Tnuoioujni Kb 10-70
 ☒oooo# ssyysstteemm
☒eegguullaattiioonn
>> ÑvO=ÑnnnmsN Sissi nriiiurmwomwnonntonirfovnisuwniin-uo-iri.ua Too ñu Usns
if 110=1 is
'
Ñhfn UMSJ 157 WUÉ two ↳ limo VIN n' 0¢44 AT.WÑniÑuoÑw
-0779W 81707475
www.n?iJwuWirivooauxinnn-cytokininrio=ri7hisinEn 110in nnribtumwuinio.im ,

turn wÑnÑw7

%¥%÷÷¥:÷%¥÷¥¥:¥¥
A- B- AaB -
A -
aabb

bb
AaB -
:#
A- bb

Mendelian Model
aabb

Partial Redundancy
Phenotype Model
Full Redundancy Duplicate dominant
Phenotype Model → Shain chez - Calderon et at 12013 )
.

Epistasis
.

>> to Jumooiiw not who sina.owioinntwfns.nu Words lion ÑONNYÑ

n-riodwzynwmsnwo-nvnr.rnowwqnsrwo-wino.o.in
in → lñniurirnsnr Redundancy ( dwÑVowñw )
•
ntwyns Iww Town:b Jst
riininvri-ulriwoioog.tv ÑU 2

Partial Redundant until lriwo-wiriuon-iionoiinuri.iriwiu.TO W

in
'wqn →

Fully Redundant Nothin o-uhi.iinu-iohii.nu

' '
Dois in within →

>> sinwrivboiwihofwno-ohosinu.hn ñwhs

Usm nods onus 11in Twins 10W ) ñ7ñ5urinñw ;

f) sinwuinwnkohiuonrilwfnriowvinmnoww.nu
N Wook
solid Nissan into uioio Morini ;

f-
> N Vin Sino : Onno twounhorsed N 110=0 =

Runnin no sin Ninfa NOW [ N ] hsoiwoiiuiiv

Shen et al ( 2013 )
in optimal root length two vinwfnsiow
. .

trend line
↳N NNN sinwmouuroiwsi -1N N IVO : WO 1150

snnobnn-o-ioinhsvsmwwwrdvriovfv.ir?U:nriW
www.orrw ninths

root
length rio [ N ] rinoriwo-idwg.ir
5wwwñu
lohrnworirwwtou , Gurion.in linin DitoJu Jun IÑUOTOOIUOI lots
11500in no
www.nsrwsioiuwhsnh R2 in ULTOU
 case study : ← seed

in lwÑnÑvÑl} Noons > NWOUM 1150in sin

WOUhiiurfoznnnoinhiwnnwtww.HU
Inu :
living'w ( Nutrient Agar )
sinuous's Downs Noir ( IN ) Going
}
• ,

•
sin ÑNÑTOD 07ms N Is ( HN )
trinities

woofosnnn.info LN 0 :D primary root no

Remains

IN our N rioYFnnouhra-wnn-bioiounmnet.at
( ) 2006
.

secondary root iwniromnirouoiors

N Fo www.ountioiewsinw-oHNOID CLOWN ) ( High N)

primary root Guna secondary root

nqnlnivuiiwwhrufionsninnoiwtnnowwonnno-ts.hn
no ññowsrsrwhiñ Nonvoters who him
hinovnwmsinuinvoo primary root
>
secondary no: root
's ?
hiwwiunrrowrionoiwlrwrhiiisoiryun
NRT 1.1 Protein
cell { on
U-opowbmsn-wwutiDNsnwuwidoy-wivnnnr.si Noj winnow epidermal
/

auxin 'wÑw
in NRT 1.1 ( Nitrate transporter 1. 1) iiricoohrnounwmsriionsvoo to

Wion Noj V00 ; NTR 1.77N'7ñÑnÑW wins minnow / Visinntvannwrn 1in

'oiwÑÑ
→

auxin 00h01min n'hi [ auxin] tuition Esri inutaiiñnmsonvoosin iiriuin

's . . .

ÑnÑvo inulin'ou7ÑwÑn auxin ninth

U7wnño NTR 1.7 Noj trim ◦ on
'
→ us ions Noj ;
[ auxin ] sininuon nihiiñn Optimal root length Julio
ñiuo :

iuo.inwowritulziwmsmovovooo.in
WION Noj win : NTR 1.1 511500 Noj Nim
Olin inuo rishi [ auxin ]
→

secondary www.innmsoonsroit-wioo . . .

roots nsiwwo-rhooinin.NU ing

NRTI GFP test
length
-

,07msñ0w7
← columella
of
root cap
epidermis
cortex
soil
pericycle CN ]
>

¥.÷¥÷
epidermis

11
NTR 1.7 positive response negative response

:¥÷
Bright field
%

%
at
:
• • •• •• •• •• •• •• ••

Less Most Least

Root cap Root Growth Root Growth Root Growth
>> 160007 mission um'o=WnD noon'ioñwHn=
,
no > wisomsinnownriwriwvfvo-qniis.org
O-nsimioriwvuinhigoin
sinwroujin5,40521115517
uylinñisiñnitw
onoohip.nu
trimmers
is > 07ms

npodno-uwuoiwiooohotrnlw.in
'

> A

nnsiwhiiuafowvooNOjthuhhiowo-7nvr.mn
110=7-715707
5. . .

*
E-
§
Gag
}:
←
%É N°5 •
rinsing at mobility
'

go cinniowñ
pay
←
Soi jiu ) sinlairiovuon-n.am> ñoiowhs
-

É a-
>
NSIWOTR 1£06V07
mineral concentration

>> Norton aliisicymuhssorwn'o=qn7nYU5nWnfoU

.

In'D missions n' ow 000in an www tuns's

17h7
hssiuimsiiiorncdosinv 18007 dilation:b V07 A

Depletion zone wwniiunufiorsnciis.org ]

Wounds ovriolwsi-whrq.NU
njwe-wo-iu-wtiiwoionnuiiontvn-oiooiw.ws
nvwslriannois nriuin
in

n-vouivisn-wvfvinuciososio.si
IWWIU 1150
Depletion zone

nerd } 007 V1

Nitrogen fixation
Twfnsioisnswsiryouisnoiiowrionvann nriidnriarwoujhs
IU Nz riusrumorwwwinriusmnntvlaionnniiuoom.info Éwñoiowiwrioolriiiun

NOjiwoo-tihiwhrwuhtuwnowiisrn-om.sn
viii. uriuofiriuri rhizosphere Journos Nz Milk Noi no :

't Ammonification ññomslri

iwnñiiun Bunin Nitrogen Fixing bacteria Ñi5w7vÑ
Nitrogenase ñu 16 ATP turns hints Ntgnnihisrw
haunts NHiiiooiwofnwishnunnkunwnwvrioionn.no
1in Clostridium, Pneudomonas , Bacillus u{ own nos
ow in niw Ana baena vower won
cyanobacteria
NOT 805W 155m nursling Uso ÑVO0nUÑn f. Kids
IIUÑJM }] Nz 10W UÑN

vitro't won Fabaceae ( ni ) ☐ =D msinn nodule Iwm iWork

Driojrniowluinuiwonvnriiuwimoi.rs
nitrogen fixing bacteria
into / V0 nirrñoiirin low bacteroids
quintain ñ
'
 2.) two 8wowdiwwnunriivuooon-untvoi.vn'ou
Nod factor activating domain hiriununriiou

0 protein nÑohiÑv iwoinouwwseow

hinson Nod

⑨⑧,strigo
lactones .

Flavonoids surface •
•

⑤⑧ Polysaccharide •

\
⑧ ( both are hormone ;-) •
•
mRNA

]
Nod factor

lÑ {
translate
Lectins lectin activating

§
cell wall protein
transcript

,p,at⑨[@
( surface @⑧ the root

ᵗhq epidermis
i Y from
@•y

-11
'
Receptor > -
'
.

+
:
"
:P f '
r
send to
d factor
⑧ protein
,
BAD the root

Ñ☆UÑ0UJO{ kN Nitrogen fixing

/
bacteria
g.) ww @i sinned that detects stand Flavonoids

Uriinn flavonoids 110 : Strigo

lactone oonmhiiwnniouinniy.sn WINNING 4 hair
ooiofwniivnmsñouñu Lectin rid> Won;wlvo58wOw
ohtnriowrtiwmshiiiunñi } Vivian mobs sin froot
3.) llvnriisuniworowñoi
furious sinners 1150101 :
1077 Uioisoiurnwñw
INUI }vn 'd Infection
thread 7004 hsioooio
sinful V05 oinwrw

symbiosome bacteroid cytosol

o-uwiumuhsivnrlinioi.tw
vesicle Nino
Bundi symbiosome
atmospheric
'
16 malate from return NHI ↓
iiunn ,}v0=1NsqUÑw
the plant to the root

)
"

I / bacteroid quit ow

÷:÷:i
> '

Now awol V05 V70

cycle NH4

16 ADP -11617
.
11-120 ☆ 4.)IN 01h7 ✓ AÑÑV doll Unni / { vii. rims
16A ,-p >

Nitrogenase
Nfixing do Nzusscrmrr haunts NHI fault
malate 07h57min then'owÑosiw

itryuiuon v00 bacteria ÑoDwNNz IJWÑSU e- nJWw5niSw

>> N -

fixing
respiration ñÑwuinÑ Ozitnilriiñncnnohs ( Oz Ilion )
e- 11mW
anaerobic
nunñiiunniwrinuciuuumonion Nz7U Truths livnniouo:WivoÑ Heterocyst
town red N fixing 110:ñw Oz oonmnivnniowuwnnritinvnriifuoiowriiz.TN
-

iwoooinaiñiois colony ÑrñooUkÑo4ii7ñ . . .

nivntonvnñi}uUnñn7aiÑ cyanobacteria a.misono throwin Nodule Siri

liunni} V04 no:O :D Sis legume hemoglobin iouvuozsouzhinunn.RU) Niro Oz
 Play ,
ether Mate
>> 123015100002 5msimsooinsku-iioonnoiwenonownson.no ñwnntontiworrui ✓ Swans

vooioniusmnswimorioswnaiourwirsrwnown.to
winnnniñnirwcioun quantum yield
uhsmsiñnwninñrrmrinory
/
's

15702W V67 . . .

nsiwvfmnsmsgnnrfwnnoohoyo-uoiihrv.io
1.)
118081800 15710W lñwÑvÑw
81000 limos ingrain's Quantum yield

inwiwsi-lwofvllntolhtwwounirinwomn-nsnwo.com
'
Doin>
'WÑuwnh
w town

2.) IWO ÑVFOW 118011 no 110=0^4 Wilson

Using Jin's yield on oooh> at
quantum
Wudang No www.nosonrionintrru 115011ns
n'IN
product Wound> n' no so -15 ? ist Joi} on
' "

TUNG intentions 000in 11802100 11M

us> nrgmsriwro's effect Nah quantum yield rinnnou 5010011501 / no

Red -

drop on

>> Wnw nnv mom Élnunoonnntoumsnooinsiullroooionotiwirw 115081100110 :

5wwysniwohiiiw.to Tini quantum yield man msotoinsviinoonnn 000507
words> no 00mn04 . . .

MM
FR + G- FR -1 G -

FR -1Gt
FR -1 R -

FR -
Rt FR -1
Rt

on 5wW7lSn
47100007011501 In] 112=1150
☆ Urn ☐701150 } / JU0Ñu 1130811ns Wuji
( far red light ) 7Un5o5n5ms > rosins ) : it Ms 50 Instill 11500=60000 I } un ✓ sin ☐ msrf
11500=166578 mirror in merinos Unni moi ! 5in
Antagonistic effect

wfown-woosntiwnnrduoiinnmssoinni.ua
u> no > 01180

07h00min no 001578s Ulrich

msfoinsi.uwooinriorooonoiwnoni-iwsonn-winunooio.GG
Toninho's 2 in 't V0]
,

uninnriihi quantum yield

Bunch Photo enhancement effect and> osuaoiou
 >> thnrrossvñ
"
1920s 7ÑÑWnwnnvmomÉno > nw dog,
Harry A. Mallard
H.A. Mallard line W W Garner . .
who NÑNUIM Soon
vosoiwñ'oiuÑ0o( Soy Beans ) nivpnhsionivosidilmnoiroñw
woÑO . . .

Yinmsnn 00000ha On
WGN ñwhsiñowiñuoñrs

oioownnlno-ulsfnoinouwbmrinswo.info
110057

00h00am Oulun Vohs

d- 0,006157 nsiuo )ÑÑo
'

US Mrs 1180%1 5wÑwÑoMuwn 110 :Dns.nou

4N IJWMU 15W invasion photoperiod ism

DMV-ndijiwowilsoniosfnwoiwnfrriooouni.ms
too
-
>> Middleton

[J-
Oconnor wviiÑrDnsiW
'
P
i
ñ'7ñOOnm 2 IIUUÑOUÑS
•
type ' """ trio # ◦ ☐ " " " "" > " "
¥50
• '

insists trout }oniiÑr5wno

-

É Tourists 7950W
É ( Long day plant )
type ii. Unwin'oiNo Dilutions 14 VN
• 2 < .

type 1 type 2
◦
c. ☐ . c. D. jso-uuiwhsnqur.no tout }unÑrwonÑñ
Short day plant )
Day length
to 's to it 14 to Is to iz ,É,h , w%ÉwTw (

msoonnoniin-hioonnoniound-pnfnyrinonwwiwvo.tw
Éofwonnirrlñsviiroo 11501560,0110
Ñ > wow
's

U-opowisiwuoimsiiubntro-wohslln-nowuloinT.nu
day length ( critical ) 1in:

VMFowoiwuinwi-ntriwsrolln-ufior.si vnuwiowu
riufioryivoiouow
'
1in /

town -uÑv5wSw

case study Poinsettia sp 1: .

uioñw Morino www.orhintuonjrioujtuoonrouiouw
( Euphorbiaceae ) Doron junior cyathiumlaiwnnvnonna.no vision petaloid
bract Soun Ohio 157007 nnswo '7ÑwÑv5wEÑu5O5wU0 . . . Wuss noioñw

72i0onnoniwsyy-7hi00nnon@wui7oiooDsowiiÑn
.
nto7nirioC.Dnni
MOIN 2h )
( Negative photo nastism )
✓ ✓
n'7 C. D. TOOT 00h

non t.VN 1180Wh

isomownnionhrñ
oiaioonnonñoo:
5021158 / n' is C. D.

os.ukoiriwwouwiviriuidwntvi. s
←

Ew
case study Iris sp ÑwwᵈvN infusion Nhu / inn rishis abaxial 1in :
2 : .

adaxial in-situ trust Niiuu iso bilateral non Ñwnuv actinomorphic nÑuiÑvo
110 : inns lwNÑunÑnunÑu non Dna was 8004
nniiunnuoon ( petaloid calyx)
ÑwÑv5wo%u{other . . .

@ wud'7Ño] 291180
winner at c. D. Jo

0=00 noon it WW
petal
minions nuiiou
crown outwit
TWO on non

stigma ← sgulñoi 7085106

sepal Ñv5wUo ( long
( petaloid
calyx ) day plant)

case study 3 : two isiinoiwnnwnlnoow

ee -
( Ñv5w8w / 110=1085 ( vivino) winona / In
1150 FR line R5ÑuÑUuo> unto n'Tuwnhi
ix. Dtnwnnnon C. D. V0> Ñv5w no

1.)
UInhil roomnntrc.D.vosnfvfwrfwntoo-wotwlaio.cn
non
,
nivowsrooon non

2.) Minori 118060 Unh C. D. UOoÑr5wÑw

110 = Wound C. D. UOoÑv5w no much . . .

nivowotwoonnon , Ñv5www.oonnon
'

3.) Uintrnmsnnnooñ 2 hi liroovnwñwrrow

now Ñw n'7118011ns ( R) /
Jwiiooonriu
0=1 uatowmsnnnou
"
Twa
"

liririhinoo FR
iowoiipnrinurtñwoms
noooo iuÑ0W
"
Juno "

Tong
Ñoww is > 1005050058 not nuns Othon bliss } iinoñu 1190

FR hims noun wmsoonnon unknots R 7011507 n' hi

,
0=1 UÑO↳GmwD 1150 now Iiriuinhi / 150 FR
FR qq.tw
11507 Nhi nos Roi o o -7mW 014280611502800 now 79UNO

>> msnhswufidsriwtwrmfnsav ( phytochrome ) 7ññw

WU nmsoiunoo.hiiwnnoiinolwosaniwinlaiw.ms
Goin sneñiiosoouonriinutinnonluainitozinhwuan
'

Now uinwiu FR Nu R&5uñw Houri R → iwan von

'

ilnioun FR → ING Nw's on

 ntwfusri www.nwoiYNV-oimsn
>>
topminnow oh phytochrome
D) a- 2 Smut ÑO Per line PR 128004%5 MWTW'D 11830=1 Ow PFR lichen fowling
PR ÑoÑnÑn n-iiunonn-uiJWPFRloilnuvfvo-wohswpt-rns-oi.vn
soon
0=Ñw
non iin=Ñv5wnoW PR nsiriwmsoonnon
Woo ,sU7ñmwnwgoñwÑn5 :

>> case study :

chlorophyll synthesis
lnloooinaoofoivnnirioo Ground -1N'D 1180
☐ PER nsio.tw HOT PR Duos two Dunton
Prfnwiunvwquick PFR 115010780 in ÑUN
inn complex rub RNA polymerase
Transcription factors 110T Pr
rn-nows.ro CHIA rouDIvÑnSwiJw
87s novo Withrow
,

"→ R
i. ←1150 FR
j
÷
i .

ii
oiwuon
>> case study : NO Isin burnt light absorbance v00 PR 1in : PFR
PR Inn ÑW 115in not who adv v00 } nno7ÑmnÑpo 110J PFR In nÑw unto V00 not Nero

ad wvoo 11505WWilson nvifndonson-uwwmswwr.ro PR PFR

s> fnsorosiowrnfnsw low quaternary protein structure Us:nouÑou 2

subunit riiñnmr protein protein interaction ñw unÑwÑñwqoo> n
-

noon non-oil ñnms interaction ñw7ñ

 AABBCC MM dleell
→ msoonnon 1nF > 0im%ÑwÑo > iwhrmsoonnonidwouiomnnt.vn on Osorio non
noun rhino Owi ✓ Gws Vini Jun Jun on
nnivitvonnilnosriionsownoniuwnoiwwiio-oooono.net
forum show von Yu
'

, ,

vnnpvjnwofuivnonmsnioiwvouowiunhw.ch
ABC Model
U thou {

>>
www. viwpnmwn?urEnWVhroooFu5onfnnilBrassa-ceae
Arabidopsis
oiw thaliana
www.TNIGvonjri/nTusJiuWosriUsinounonasuun:iuwVoiow
) doin
Tower
Iaiwutrsnu )
mnnoooninrn-nriowwpnrrnna.am gene expression
8nñou (

on 1st Wu train A. thaliana www.irvpniiuioo/U0:vnwwuYiiuUOiNviwNnwlinJ7oi

ÑlnorÑowID do in osñÑuÑwnw
nniunonn Julius Ochoa : 4 n Ñuiiunnisuwn I

biloculate pistil nrio : oooo not 1 osinibfw

bi carpet ate

donor v00 A. thaliana 0 :D Mrs in on two / do

1051 Volvo on Nino 18h04 Floral meristem
Irishtown on V10 fins 00 non - tu nn-wuwnlint.NU
n' iwiwñohntopowsomsrii Genome sequencing
owriounntwivon-inwi.hr gene library Unni , so

snNnv-ivwoin-wfwnoi
11509i onouqowuto-uqnirivivovwo.ir
am
ÑÑnJnTñ

M Note ihsmrnnviriou Wawa - n'owe

:
Voodoo't
wishing
EMS ( Ethyl methane sulfonate ) mutation)
0in A G 110 :C T l transitional

www.511507siiisnooonoiuwwmsNEMSnihiinh
lwwfomohi DO wfnw no>
mutant 115070
giaour
ricdnvnmñoo :) stairs Ms Ñnviliuu forward
genetics Wonsan ñu backward genetics
n-rioriooforwndriowiw-onos.mn/-a1ehiiJw
mutant 1150 ÑnviÑnvn :
1.) Class A gene
iNoDmsUiou EMS hinb embryo vis A. thaliana
ñwviiaooiwowuwolw'ÑnÑuiÑu]
winos a-peta /al nai apetala 2 mounts
( apetalate flower ) laurino mutant
nsivoimondwvr.inniñwoñwinurisvoowowwwoh API no : APZ

until 0001 Jubilant mwmsnhoiwvoso.ir API line: APZ 0=wvoiÑwN

noun,wmrño petal Nu sepal nroiunnownwwoo :D oisonñooonrynornnwhioiio
stamen no: pistil
noiñvouon In'7ñohÑno API & APZ ? ?
Innihi petal riv sepal
Ca Co A G ☒ # A G
nunoinñw Inferior
G A
( WT ) ( apldapz )
2.) Class C gene
untooinluoy mutant iWwÑÑ mswunon mutant ñYai Dinos www.iin-IWNID.eu

msn.gn-wujniinoindwfuaiinuoiodooh.AE/AM0USDwnm'
( flower ) taboos
agamous
omsntoislnror
www.riioiwo-unhhiow
AM No APZM 00h7m }
1 linwvsñoihowriuiuu

wnwnnvnhntmsi
who
lwootutrwo.rs
100
Jnrin ;

sins'owñwÑU API 110 : AGA

MOUS Kirin petal + inns

msn.NO?u
rich linin's

? ? ?

API & APZ agamas AGA MOUS

Ca Co A G ☒ # A G Ca Co * *
G A Co Ca
( WT ) ( apldapz ) ( apldapz )

Note : lsiwuoiuin API & APZ riv AGAMOUS Down Jwu www.riioiwonm-00-umnnv
1in : AGAMOUS Oonnnor
ns.rinoiwvooonn-oviwnoiowhroimsnwun?nFiAP1&AP2
n'www.uatsrion-w ( API APZ AGA MOUS )
,
3.) Class B gene
} unit
muuntsn-wuo.IN mutant hrniñlw'D petal ñu stamen iñnoinowrihiaiinui
AP3 twitter Whig mutant Kiowapeta / a 3 v50 pistil a a in-law
/ / msriofwinn
08070ms riroiwvo> Owns 3 class hit a. N 1988 Toru George Haughn 110=9 N .

Chris Somerville Noho

msiñnnvnonhroooinuniu
( Raids ) no :osÑmwm=5w
ppkasterids )

1570=87 Msnf. MS WWW) V00

" " """" "

or
n' mom class A , B, C DnUnÑ
arms TMNT ≥
B

/
/
A AP3 C

APVAPZ -1 1- AG

""
/ ""
/ "a
/ P"

↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Perianth
organ Reproductive
organ
whorl

÷:
stamen androecium

. ro .

pistil gynoecium
sepal calyx

case study : nonñoou ( tulip ) Donson perianth organ

iuÑowÑw Runs > www tepal oononñi} union perianth
Nino lionfish B Dms llcivsruanrivriv A
B
'

B c A c

A API / APZ -1 1- AG or API / APZ -1 1- AG

Pet
/ Pet
/ Sta / Pis Sep / Sep / Sta / Pis

uoiuwnniunonuoiuoo nihil Dms

case study : aonn
A tuition nntunonñuniuois
,
Blini
copy dow class
B

A AP} C

APVAPZ → 1- AG

sepal Pet Pet Pet Pet

/ Pet
/ Sta / Pis
 11mi Éuoriois :
puauwwntrnonnni.nl?osidn,uauihntwDn5unonsn5u
inihfisnuooisoswnrinhiiñnoononñuniuoollwinu www.vwnsiuiinTDJW
'
A riv B Urdu
copy o-uoimsnriihiirinnnvnonuniuooloi.mn ! now Win nsw 1150
oh nÑu?Un7UUñU✓wÑw man . . .
.
inositol .TW/OoWsqrTNiUm,Nwwoiws7=RosidD
stamen untuck 04110% petaloid stamina
-
developing

a
c c

Et
a. , c C C
a

B B
B-B B B B B
-
B B

V7 At 5751070001 / NINON YUDIN

/ viii. nÑuo=wuÉ> wins,n5nÑu
ño Petals oBWoñÑo Corolla
receptacle
10°

1 2 34 5
n-iufon-iioinosrioafiowuw-wnqiuiownninisi
on w.sn's
staminodes
( petaloid
sepals
1ÑVÑn7UnnDÑo=ÑnÑui5n
11W V00 04^070 ÑW 1h55
1234¢ line

petals
ñoauunñ
n-owfwsyuinkooinosriocfuki-Dmsno-ooon.io
>

ionium
Ow
c.) aiiriiñw nitrides A
petaloid
Stam inode
owonyriihiqluatownnunonwiniirioiiw.hr
00h2min '-194

Ohs C lriwlnuiowinosrifa.MN
v
unriosiu
>> ÑW Arabidopsis Ñwo=ÑnÑunaniÑuo 4 n5u nriisnwvotrsoidoofnriiñuoñwaio . ..

Cardamine hirsuta ( hairy bitter cress )DnÑunonnÑouniiu{ON> min 47ñ

www.oimsnuwhilwirinnnwiivswwmowwynsrnhsufion
ilwiwstcfw class A Toulon : API V00 C. hirsuta
riinnmsohonnunonlrin-owwi.hu D API gene
version inuoinnunonriionisnnnon Bonus> no
msnswiionoiwnwmwoiomsnauwwo.ci
now

genetic 's ( low robustness )

↳ nrihsvnr-iriuon-woiwoisiu-noidon-osnon.NUnon petaloid
now 110=7 aioiouiuhs mutant Osmond
D 4 MW Iwai
calyx
petal
vosoisiinovrfow-WDnatwnwmwriornsnmuww.EE
API
gene
robustness ) /
High genetic o (

nwmwwouriomsnniurn-Dnnvnonmnnohw-IU.is
hrnivriwownwow
Note : class A
ÑoÑwUnÑÑnÑuiÑuo 3 line

nriuaonoiw 11M'D mutant ñDnÑuoon 4 NÑUIÑU, 4

 o-uiuwrioiowwwhsoiooiioriowuwwqnvon-uhi.ro nmsiionooonooñiioriihi
72in NÑU non not lnssoio IN API mutant Bunch inn Lost of function
is> 0 :

limns inn mutant n-uo.rs API llrisouwsomsllwoiooonann Éw Iib ÑnÑu Montini

nÑuiÑuomnÉw 1510=1 }un lien Ms Nitti Gain of function
,

→i÷¥É*¥E
Gain new
← function

.JO?qootq?@7NUs:TUv84wIV1 uuheai UWWYIIÑO

← nor
Gain of
y
•
←
WT
Lost of function function
1

>> untsoinmsn'D ABC model n' Dhana > Gurion in uinnnivno'D class ABC

nimwwln-wmsnnnournumsrintaqowhiqiwwri.nu
lUÑOwñw union'T when,nN7 n' iriniownonuwnuni : ?
nTñÑvu{otrnriuiousions
I / /

⑤/
I = with
↓ Ori
,
Agrobacterium -
,

IT If
.
>

recombinant
plasmid
,
✓ /
/
-
inserted -

, _

restriction centromere
gene
region oiniri
plasmid enzyme
woohoo mitosis n' not
( extracellular DNA ) ,
centromere nhrrnsrwfnvnniownrinuñou
region insertion
into zygote
7

uvula
•
④
80 ¥•i
o•F
15757 Mrn nnoouiifusnwnrihihnnnuwwnj.vn on plant zygote
linnooonnivoniluwriofnuhtoo on plasmid rinunrinrio
hisohwniorvniounon Reporter gene withstood rnuhiiiunn.ru Agrobacterium
tuberosum iouvnmnntiuhrroooiiiiofusriwnn.ms transcription Bunk
transcription factor n-nhmfnhohhitirusn-wvoo-sowoi.nu target protein
iris transcription factor Turin reporter gene 7ñww reporter protein
( B- glucorodinase ) minivan ? uwwiomrusmisnoioomsnnoovñ
ton'5✓oji GUS
ñoiñn GUS own W8iinJw iñwñoioucnndn,
 >> not nmsrho> Wu 00 gene 0=1
}wni 35 promoter WoÑwufnN
GUS Reporter
hi TF ( transcription factor ) now vs TF hsriE7aiti RNA polymerase nriatwvou
hi RNA polymerase Tñnswñ two D TF -1 RNA polymerase MJuño=i{wrñn7Umw
template strand trivia protein
'
rid 3 → 5
' v00 an

5nvns-unotnmsfnnvosdwclassbhsisoinsvovivufiownoi.in noon
mRNA
complementary strand
strand template ' "
✓
5 VTR AP 3 3 UTR

X☒X☒X☒X☒☒X☒☒XX
"
' '

3 3 protein

35s motor ri
pro n' ow DNA

Nuri ow DNA Vino 35s hi TF 110 : twiñn trans

translation
Iwiñn
-

g / agg B
'

!aÉpÉi! Éi
mourner 3
RNA polymerase mini
" " " " " "" start
DNA
point mrna >
to plant ◦+ +

↓
complementary strand
strand template ' "
5 VTR 3 UTR
"
' snap.is
XX☒*☒☒*
5
( not acurrate )
' '

3 3

35s motor
pro n' ow DNA ri
Jw Us:/ nn n' ow DNA ri

IJWRIOW DNA Vino 35s hi TF na :

translation
Iaiiñn
mourners
'
class B translation
Kirin
mourner 3
'

RNA polymerase mini

start point
of transcription

who :D vous town 72in Sho AP 3 PZ twos 0in Dms inn msiriw
Hypothesis : Ms no :
'

histone tail rink DNA n' TñnAP3 P2 trio unnviw In iñnms

methyl group uw 1in :

transcription Iñ
Proof : rims 5570110 woiuooirrijiiw > = n'◦ Nsfw AP 3110 : P2 rich
ñuusmw 1800115081 Joo ( green fluorescent protein , GFP )
WUJI Dms 1500118011 .in corolla 1in: androecium no:| ND Ms
18001150 nowt On meristem VoÑqwhiVoÉoñw=
'

11M !Ñnmn Dms) V10 0 mutant V00 A.

. . .

thaliana vitalism soon noninu Now oññu

msn.ioouwoniwovnnviqwvohwmso.fi ] A Arabidopsis
AP 31in : P2 mwUnÑ talons
:ñwhifnsmñw thaliana Town's
nonunion wniinion-vowwniuatowinwlnun.HU fluorescent tag
niwwnsnrwonNino rio V0 mutant v47 Drouin msn.io > woo

Sepalata AP }
,
priinetet.at .

ISTWVÉIUIOIVNÑWV Simons Go AP } PIIÑU wand www.iis-nooon

Hypothesis : line

rioswdwriouwofrinfusmwmriihifuso.is
IN oinnmsfoinow AP3 1in : PI ri low class B Milano:
reporter Yuu plasmid AP 31in : PI riioiwñ t.nu Durio 0:07am rn

oooo Ju P2 -
AP } complex 7ñrnoDno7nñoJ :
 AP3 Promoter ' "
g- UTR GUS
•
3 UTR
" "
Ti
plasmid 3
" X¥☒¥☒*☒¥☒☒☒*¥☒XX 3
'

lrecombinanant ,

%r
¥i→,gggy
start point
of transcription mRNA
non

* +

Éi AP } -
PI ?
-

complex

unison Dmso-o-uuoiunsion-wuoivsriwwrrwnfoin.ninuli.hr heterochromatin

( v8 low DNA vnñwiiww ) nihilism satin nooo nWñ IN Olrinmsooiononño :D Ms
nñutuufomwwÑw euchromatin ( DNA vnñwunow 7) lñnmrnonooonvoo AP}
1in : PITÑ iirioiiwonooonnoovfnu W GUS Reporter
gene wuohoinonhrioononn.no,
Iwao's oisutrrwiwrnounwhifusnwii onion now class A
,
B, C monsoon MIN muuniowu

in
iowniiuoyhiinn mutant sepalatainuciovoo.no's Sep

MADS -
box gene

iowooiounnnwowniouhiiñnmrwrsnnvoonon nourish mswuo's SEP protein n' man

Sep gene n' nursing wmrnonooonvooo.vn as A

,
B C ñinusonw 506071150 Sep ÑwOw
,

Box Ñuu{01N
'

Is MADS - iruoou extract fibrin sepmoooonrooniin-unrnodfw.nu

iriuuñu MADS -
Box gene Minow 77mW ooh . . .

A
Jw Sep loisowhinnjw MADS Box ñu
-
ivisinuo
ñu PI , AP31in : AG 00W v5 not Sep Dms Soho
fusoiwn uwiriiuwown-wynvi.ms
'

00hm 4 >
E
irons to Owns :[Urdu 4 SEPI SEPZ
, Youth ,
SEP 31in : SEP 4 Moin Jw 4
rioufnounwms
rinoiwnuuioiuonhrinuoi Bono's Genetic C

Redundancy alum ,riñooDmoiÑnTwsi-

Ms Winn on Ñwooinñryvoowvwrn hivlnucioo
B-
To > ñismsinn mutation inlohiiñnnonanñ
ÑVinUiÑonhiÑ 4
Copy uinoistorois -80 into
ñiuiioñooriioiwñrnsnunm

>> alum ñiiniosrwu Sept Sept Sep } 1in : Sep 4 Unions

, ,
,
ABC model 1Wh : Tomalin qua drupal mutation
Ñwhfou 100m50 0100
Sept Sep 2 , Sep 3 , Sep 4 Unni
,
 >> Uhh n' v00 ÑW SEP tuns : vow Ms Wow win on
Ño . . .
liounihioh class a ,b C iñnmr 115ns 00h ,

MIN ñÑw uiniñn Sept Sept Sep 3 triple , ,

mutant 0=1680 iwuu Sep 4 Now msw v04

Ñnvrrvoo mutant iuhtowmsvin class B , C
1N ooh Sep 4 Dms quoits 07h Sept , 2,3 IJNLTOU

unniñnsepalata mutant 0=1 in leaf liked

-

minion 00 nondairy IuÑowÑwp nriovoo

organ
Union Suntory horns A. thaliana oiwunsfnw
Morino abaxial

>> 7ñÑms sorrow Sep 4 riri> ÑW class E IÑÑW

ABCE model Tau A 0=0005 minions riwiio: ñwñu
C , Ow Britons Vow ñw A no :C Iñnounonnn: inns

oiowjiio-niouwno-nonooonmln-riooorrfumsrinonsvooo.ir
E viridis E Ñw8wn noun Wmsnntnooonnniuñu now A. B.c ñow% Bun
,

Month Homolog Smug n' 7ÑÑoVonñÑdwÑNw class D nTwn=iowuwhD7ñNms

a' www.wohriorinougwmsnohoovuleiintoirinfoooluwriow uinsowowwrhhlvñou
Thornton Ñi}unÑw ABCDE Model

www.wriiouhiirinovulenmuhrinnivoolifnuoioownnhiw
D

!⑥
>> noir
gene
v3 2mF Ño SHP 110 ! STK Unni v05 virions

✓↳ C Dms
•
•
n'tommorow ☐ " rioowumsñ "" " " ' • NO
YOU

8
uooowriinuoroon-untnvns-nkn-ryvoooononiirioi.io
1540 modelmsnoun.su
quartet
gene expression
Bundi floral model

SEPAL PETAL
pistil
stamen

SEE, ↑ rna

petal

i
STAMEN CARPEL OVULE

÷: %, ↑ AG SEP

an
70 / ÑOUO> flower quartet model ñÑoñNsÑ winnow A
,
B
,
C
,
D E
,
riiu mean ñw an

;ñwÑb
win iowhiiinmsrmnowiionvn-nvnrioononn.is ñw7U no :[wino Wow
TF
uol.su
msinn triple mutant ñiuhhrniu ÑOwAP3 AG double mutant 5nñu ,