Date In

business economic
vocabulary part 1 the business cycle

Inflation

Recession

stagnation

stagflation

bond

Investment--> shareholder ( để trở thành cổ đông doanh

nghiệp)= stockholder

Profit/ shares= dividend

trade balance
trading partners
exchange rate
currency

Government:
free market
mixed economy
Macroeconomic policy
Monetary policy
Fiscal policy

Command economy
The socialist-oriented market economy
key indicators
the job market

be in employment>< be out of work/ unemployed

disposable incomes
retail sales/ consumer spending
consumer borrowing
loan
Out

chu kỳ kinh doanh

an increase in prices over time, causing a reduction in the value of money

(lạm phát)

a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions

for business are bad

a situation in which something stays the same and does not grow and
develop (đình trệ)

an economic situation in which prices keep rising but economic activity

does not increase ( đình lạm- lạm phát đình trệ)

○ Bond (trái phiếu)

Corporate bond: trái phiếu công ty
Treasury bond: trái phiếu chính phủ

someone who owns shares in a company or business

a distribution of profits by a corporation to its shareholders (cổ tức)

○ Export> import: trade surplus: thặng dư thương mại

○ Import> export: trade deficit: thâm hụt thương mại--> narrow
trade gap

tỷ giá
 ○ Foreign currency: ngoại tệ
○ The local/ national currency: nội tệ
○ A single currency: đồng tiền chung
○ A hard/ strong currency >< weak currency
○ Convert currency
○ Devalue the currency
○ Currency exchange

○ Income: tax, corporate tax, VAT- value-added tax: thuế tiêu

thụ, tariff tax : thuế quna
○ Expenditure( public investment): health care, education,
infrastucture
Income> spending: budget surplus: thặng dư ngân sách
Spending> income: budget deficit: thâm hụt ngân sách
invisible hand
visible+ insible hand: free market+ government intervention
chính sách kinh tế vĩ mô
chính sách tiền tệ
chính sách tài khoá

an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are

determined centrally by a government.
Kinh tế thị trường định hướng xã hội chủ nghĩa
indicators to assess the state of a country's economy
thị trường việc làm

thu nhập khả dụng

the money is avalaible to spend after buying essentials such as food,
electricity
how much people are spending in the shops
how much people have borrowed in loans, on their credit cards
mortgage: an agreement that allows you to borrow money from a bank or
similar organization, especially in order to buy a house, or the amount of
money itself:
overdraft: an amount of money that a customer with a bank account is
temporarily allowed to owe to the bank, or the agreement that allows this:
Example
They took out a £400,000 mortgage (= they borrowed £400,000) to buy the
house.
a monthly mortgage payment