EMOTIONAL

ASPECT

Prepared by:
John Benedict C. Gojo Cruz, RPm, LPT
“NEVER APOLOGIZE FOR SHOWING
FEELINGS. WHEN YOU DO SO, YOU
APOLOGIZE FOR THE TRUTH.”
- BENJAMIN DISRAELI
HUMAN BEINGS ARE EMOTIONAL BEINGS

• Emotions are aspects of the self that could not be seen by the
naked eye.
• Emotion is complex.
• Emotion is a state which involves a pattern of facial and bodily
changes, cognitive appraisals, and subjective feelings and
tendencies toward an action.
• Emotion is necessary for survival.
• Emotion is unstable.
• Understanding emotions leads to the development of oneself.
WHAT IS EMOTION?
• A basic element of
communication and socialization
with other people.
• Emotions are complex
psychological states that involve
three distinct components:
1.Subjective experience
2.Physiological experience
3.Behavioral or expressive
response
EMOTION VS. FEELING VS. MOOD
• Feelings can range from being subtle to intense depending on the situation but
essentially, they involve an awareness of one's own emotional state as it manifests
within the body.
• Moods are essentially long-term feelings that tend to linger for days or weeks at a time.
• Whereas emotions and feelings involve specific moments in time (e.g., feeling relieved
when you wake up and realize you can sleep in a few hours longer), moods involve
more pervasive feelings that stay with us for longer periods of time (e.g., overall
contentment, anxiety, or depression).
• Moods can be affected by factors such as stress levels, diet/nutrition, sleep patterns,
and even genetics.
• However, the most common causes involve ruminating on negative thoughts or
experiences and suppressing unaddressed emotions.
BASIC EMOTIONS
Paul Ekman (Psychologist)
SIX BASIC EMOTIONS (1972)
1. Fear
2. Disgust
3. Anger
4. Surprise
5. Happiness
6. Sadness
Esther Esteban (1990) proposed eleven basic
emotions that are important in our lives.
• Love (Pagmamahal) • Aversion (pag-iwas)
• Desire • Sorrow
(Paghahangad) (Pagdadalamhati)
• Joy (Pagkatuwa) • Despair (Kawalan ng
• Hope (Pag-asa) Pag-asa)
• Courage (Pagiging • Fear (Pagkatakot)
Matatag)
• Anger (Pagkagalit)
• Hatred (Pagkamuhi)
IMPORTANCE OF EMOTIONS

It is essential to one’s physical survival or mental

health.
It helps distinguish whether certain emotions are
socially appropriate.
Emotions motivate behavior.
Emotions play an essential role in creativity and
intellectual curiosity.
THE BIOLOGICAL
BASES OF
EMOTION
ACTIVATION OF BRAIN REGIONS
• The area of the brain known as the
limbic system is highly involved in
emotion.
• The amygdala plays a particularly
important role in regulating emotion.
• Damage to the amygdala results in an
inability to appropriately process fear.
• People with damaged amygdala can’t
recognize fear in other people, though
they may be able to experience fear
themselves.
ACTIVATION OF BRAIN REGIONS
• The autonomic nervous system is
made up of two parts: the
sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems.
• The sympathetic nervous system
prepares the body for action while the
parasympathetic nervous system
keeps the body still.
• The sympathetic nervous system
involves expanding energy, while the
parasympathetic nervous system
works to keep energy in the body.
ACTIVATION OF BRAIN REGIONS
• The ANS controls all automatic functions in the body.
• When an emotion-evoking event happens, the sympathetic
branch of the ANS, which prepares the body for action,
begins to work.
• It sends signals to the adrenal gland, which secretes the
hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• These hormones, in turn, prepare a person to face the
challenges of the event.
 GENDER DIFFERENCES
• Some research suggests that
males and females differ in
how much emotion they
express.
• This gender difference in
expressiveness is not
absolute.
• It depends on gender roles,
cultural norms, and context.
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
• It is the ability to perceive emotions.
• It is a way to access and generate emotions to assist thought.
• It is a form of understanding emotions and emotional knowledge and
reflectively regulating emotions to promote emotional and intellectual
growth.
• It is the capacity to recognize our own feelings and the feelings of others
to motivate ourselves and to manage emotions effectively in ourselves
and others.
• It is an array of non-cognitive capabilities, competencies, and skills that
influence one’s ability to succeed in coping with environmental demands
and pressures.
• Emotional Competence – a learned capacity based on emotional
intelligence that contributes to effective performance.
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
• Emotional intelligence first
appeared in a 1964 paper by the
clinical psychologist Dr. Michael
Beldoch, the concept gained
popularity in the 1995 book written
by the author and science
journalist Daniel Goleman.
• Goleman defined EI as the array
of skills and characteristics that
drive leadership performance.
TWO COMPONENTS OF EI
1. Intrapersonal Emotional
Intelligence
2. Interpersonal Emotional
Intelligence
 GOLEMAN’S (1995) FIVE
COMPETENCIES IN BUILDING E.I.
Self-awareness
Self-regulation
Self-motivation
Empathy
Social Skills/Effective Relationships
EMOTIONAL REGULATION
• Identified as the individual’s ability to
inhibit and modulate emotional arousal.
• This involves an attempt to influence
emotions.
• Emotions could either be positive or
negative in relation to one’s own
emotions and those of another person,
and they can be influenced in terms of
intensity, duration, and quality.
• A person capable of regulating his/her
emotions examines first his/her
conscience before acting on a difficult or
stressful situation.
A review published in the journal of Annual Psychology found that
higher emotional intelligence is positively correlated with:
1.Better social relations for children and adults.
2.Highly emotionally intelligent individuals are perceived more
positively by others
3.Better family and intimate relationships
4.Better academic achievement
5.Better social relations during work performance and in
negotiations
6.Better psychological well-being
References:
Macayan, J., Castillo, J. C., & Ofalia, B. (2020). Personal Development “A Journey to Life
from Now and Beyond.” C&E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City.
Jumamil, A.N. (2019). Personal Development for Senior High School. Golden Cronica
Publishing, Inc. Q.C, Philippines.
Ramos, M. (2016). Moving Up: A guide to personal and career development. Phoenix
Publishing House. Quezon City.
Connor-Savarda, B. (2023). What’s the difference between emotions, feelings, and mood?
Emotional Intelligence Magazine. https://www.ei-magazine.com/post/understanding-
moods-feelings-and-
emotions#:~:text=Whereas%20emotions%20and%20feelings%20involve,%2C%20a
nxiety%2C%20or%20depression).
Spencer, M. (2022). What’s the difference between emotions, feelings, and mood? Dakota
Family Services. https://dakotafamilyservices.org/resources/blog/archive/moods-
feelings-emotions/