LESSON X

HEALTH CARE PROGRAM

A. HEALTH CARE at HOME and in COMMUNITY

1.0. There are ten (10) ways to stay healthy at home with
your family

1.1. Immunize – immunization is the best bargain in

Health Care. When you immunize, you prevent illness
for your family and help prevent epidemics in
your community.

1.2. Keep moving – Fitness is essential to good

health. Exercise makes a huge difference both in
how you and your family feel and what illnesses
you get.

1.3. Eating right – eating a well-balanced, low fat

diet wholesome food will keep your family
energetic and free of many illnesses.

1.4. Control Stress – Even with a hectic and hurried

lifestyle, your family prevent stress from
undermining their health.

1.5. Be smoke-free. Smokers who quit gain tremendous

health benefits so do people who avoid second-hand
smoke.

1.6. Avoid drugs and excess alcohol

When you say “no” to drugs and limit what you
drink, you prevent accident and illness and
avoid a lot of problem for yourself and your
family.

1.7. Put Safety First – Safety at home, safety at

work, safety at play, safe driving, firearm
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 safety, and safe sex will all keep you and your
family healthy.

1.8. Pursue healthy pleasures

Take nap, relax during meals, play with kid, care
for a pet- they all can add to your health.

1.9. Think well of yourself

A good Self-image is the foundation of good
health.

1.10. Promote Peace – Peace on earth begins at

home. Seek nonviolent ways of resolving
conflicts at home, at school, at work, and in your
community.

2.0. Vital Signs

With a few tools and an eye for observation, you can

help detect and monitor health in your family. A normal
body temperature ranges from 97.6 to 99.6 F or 36.9 to
37.2 C and for most people in 98.6 F or 37.5 C. Minor
changes in temperature are due to time of the day and
other factors. Whenever a person feels hot or cold to
your touch, it is good idea to measure and record the
person’s temperature.

These are four ways to take a body temperature:

• Orally (in the mouth)

• Rectally (in the anus)
• Auxiliary (under the armpit)
• Using an electronic oral or ear thermometer or
temperature strip.

2.1. Oral temperatures are recommended for adults and

children age six years and older.

• Clean the thermometer with soapy water or rubbing

alcohol.

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• Hold it firmly at the end opposite the bulb and
shake the mercury down to 95 F or 35 C or lower.
• Make sure nothing hot or cold has recently been
drunk.
• Place the bulb of the thermometer under the tongue
and close the lips around it. Do not bite it.
Breathe through the nose and do not talk.
• Wait three to five minutes.
• Read the thermometer temperature reading and record

2.2. Rectal Temperatures are recommended for children

younger than six years or anyone who cannot hold
the thermometer in the mouth. Use only a rectal
thermometer.
• Clean the thermometer and shake it down to lower
temperature.
• Put Vaseline or other lubricant on the bulb.
• Hold the child bottom-up across your lap.
• Hold the thermometer one inch from bulb and gently
insert it into the rectum no more than one inch. Do
not let go. Hold it right at the anus so that it
cannot slip in further.
• Wait for three minutes.

Note: Rectal temperatures are 0.5 to 1 higher than

oral temperature.

2.3. Auxiliary Temperatures – are less accurate and

about 1 lower than oral.
• Use either an oral or rectal thermometer, shake it
down below 95 F/35 C
• Place the thermometer in the armpit and have the
child cross her arm across the chest and hold her
opposite upper arm
• Wait for five minutes. Read and record and the
temperature.
2.4. Electronic Thermometers are convenient and easy
to use. They are quite accurate but some are
expensive. Temperature stops are convenient but

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 should only be used to measure auxiliary
(armpit temperature)

3.0. Taking a Pulse Rate

The pulse is the rate at which a person’s heart is beating.

As the heart forces blood through the body, a throbbing
can be felt in the arteries whenever they come close to the
skin surface. The pulse can be taken at the wrist, neck or
upper arm.

Certain illness can cause the pulse to increase, so it is

helpful to know your resting pulse when you are well. The
pulse rate raises about 10 beats per minute for every
degree of fever.

3.1. Count the pulse after the person has been sitting
or resting quietly for 5 to 10 minutes.
3.2. Place two fingers gently against the wrist. Don’t
use your thumb.
3.3. If it is hard to feel the pulse in the wrist,
locate the carotid artery in the neck, on either
side of the windpipe. Press gently.
3.4. Count the beat for 39 seconds, and then double
the result for beats per minute.
3.5.
4.0. Counting Respiratory Rates

Respiratory rate is referred to how many breathes you take

in a minute. The best time to count is when the person is
resting, perhaps after taking the pulse while your fingers
are still on their wrist. The person’s breathing is likely
to change if they know you are counting it respiration rate
increases with your fever and some illness.

• Count the rise and fall of the chest for one full
minute
• Notice whether there is any sucking in beneath the
ribs or any apparent wheezing or difficulty of
breathing.

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 5.0. Measuring Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is the force of the arteries. The pressure

when the heart beats is called the systolic pressure
(the first number in blood pressure readings). The pressure
between the beats, when the heart is at rest is called
diastolic pressure. Any blood pressure is below 150/90 is
considered normal for the adult over 18 blood pressure is
measure by a stethoscope and a blood pressure cuff
(sphygmomanometer). Electronic blood pressure cuffs are
also available, which does not require a stethoscope or
good hearing.

B. FAMILY PLANNING and BIRTH CONTROL

Family planning is having the number of children you want,

when you want them. Different parents have different
reasons for wanting to limit the size of their family. Some
young parents may decide to delay having any children until
they have worked and saved enough so that they can afford to
care them well. Some parents may decide that a small number of
children are enough, and they want more. Others may want to
space their children and their mother will be healthier.
There are several methods to prevent the women from becoming
pregnant for as long as she wishes. These are methods of birth
control or contraceptive.

CHOOSING A METHOD OF BIRTH CONTROL

Difference in effectiveness, safety, convenience, availability

and cost should be considered in choosing the methods of Birth
control to be used. Husbands and wives should decide
together and share the responsibility for the method that they
are going to adopt.

1.0. BIRTH CONTROL PILLS (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES)

The ‘pill’ is one of the most effective methods for

avoiding pregnancy. This should be given by health workers,
midwives, or other trained persons. The pills usually come

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in packets of 21 or 28 tablets. These are the less
expensive depending on the brand of pills.

• How to take the pills-packet of 21:

Take the first pill on the fifth day from the beginning of
your period as day 1. Then take the pill every day until
the packet is finished (21 day). This way, you will take
the pills for 3 weeks out of each month, then go 1 week
without taking any. Normally, the menstrual period will
come during the week when the pill is not taken. Even if
the period does not come, start the new packet 7 days
after finishing the last one.

• Side Effect

Some women get a little morning sickness, swelling of the

breasts or other signs of pregnancy when they first
start taking the pill. This is due to the hormones that a
woman’s body puts into her blood when she is pregnant.
The most serious problems are related to blood clots in
the heart, lungs or brain. Health related to taking the
pill is rare.

2.0. Other Methods of Birth Control

2.1. The Condom (also called “prophylactic”, rubber or

sheath) is a narrow rubber or latex bag that the
man wears on his penis while having sex. Usually, it
works will to prevent pregnancy. It also helps to
prevent the spreading of venereal diseases, but it’s
not a complete safeguard.

2.2. The Diaphragm is a shallow cup made of soft

rubber that the woman wears it in her vagina
while having sexual relations. It should be left in
for at least 6 hours afterward. It should be used
together with a contraceptive cream or jelly. Check
the diaphragm regularly for holes and get a new each
year. This is not expensive method.

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 2.3. Contraceptive Foam – comes in a tube or can. The
woman puts it into her vagina with a special
applicator.

2.4. The Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a plastic (or

something metal) object that a specially trained
health worker or midwife places inside the womb.
It prevents pregnancy while the IUD is in the womb.
It can cause pain, discomfort and serious problems.
This is the simplest and most economical method.

2.5. Withdrawal all pulling out (Coitus Interruptus).

This is a method in which the man pulls his penis
out of the woman before the sperm comes. This is
disturbing to the couple and does not always work,
because some sperm often leaks out ahead of time and
can cause pregnancy.

3.0. Methods for those who never want to have more children

3.1. Injections. There are special injections to

prevent pregnancy, Depo-Provera is one. An
injection is usually given every 3 months to
woman. Side effects and precautions are similar
to those for birth control pills.

4.0. Home Methods for Preventing Pregnancy

4.1. The Sponge Method

This method is not harmful and sometimes work.
You will need a sponge and either vinegar, lemons
or salts. Either sea sponge or an artificial
sponge will work.

• Mix 2 tablespoons vinegar with 5% acidity of water

or 1 teaspoon lemon juice in 1 cup water, or 1 spoon
of salt in 4 spoons water.
• Wet the sponge with one of these liquids
• Push the wet sponge deep into the vagina before
having sex for an hour

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 • Put back the sponge in at least 6 hours after having
sex. Then take it out

4.2. Breast feeding. While a woman is breast feeding

her baby, she is less likely to become pregnant
especially when breast milk is the only food her
baby receives. The chance of her becoming pregnant
is much greater after 4 to 6 months, when the baby
begins to get other foods.

5.0. Methods that do not work very well

5.1. The Rhythm (calendar) Method

This method is not very sure to prevent

pregnancy, but it has advantage of not costing
anything. This method is not very sure to prevent
pregnancy, but it has advantage of not costing
anything. This method is effective to woman with
regular menstrual cycle or regular period which
comes more or less once every 28 days. Usually,
woman has a chance of becoming pregnant only
during 8 days of her monthly cycle her “fertile
days”. These 8 days come midway between her
periods beginning 10 days after the first day of
the menstrual bleeding. To avoid getting
pregnant, a woman should mark on a calendar the 8
days she is not to have sex.

For example: suppose a woman period begins on the 25th day

of May.

May
Sun Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31

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 During these 8 “fertile days” do not have sexual
relations

Legend:
- Put asterisk mark on the day 5,
- Then count ten (10) days, starting with the
tenth day, shade under the 8 days (see the
above illustration)

5.2. The Mucus Method

This is a variation of rhythm method that is

being encouraged by some religious groups. It
works fairly well to some people. It is not
considered to very effective but it costs nothing
to practice it every day, except during her
period, the woman should examine the mucus for
her vagina. Take a little mucus out of your
vagina with a clean finger and try to make
it stretch between your thumb and forefinger.

• When the mucus is sticky like paste-not slippery or

slimy-the woman cannot become pregnant and can
continue to have sexual relations.
• When the mucus begins to get slippery or slimy, like
raw egg white, or if it stretches between your
fingers, you may become pregnant if you have sexual
relations. Do not have sex when mucus is slippery or
stretches.

C. Nutrition Education

Nutrition is defined as all the interactions between food and a

living organism. It involves physiological and biochemical
processes, and myriad of physiological, social, economic and
technological factors.

A nutrient is a substance in food that is used by the body for

normal growth, reproduction and maintenance of health. Nutrients
are the basic materials from which the body is constructed and
by which it is fueled and regulated.

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Deciding which foods are the most beneficial to eat is a
challenge. The human requires close to 50 specific substances
that must be taken into the body performed and in sufficient
quantities to meet the body’s need. These materials are the
nutrients. The nutrients are grouped into 6 classes: water,
carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, vitamins and minerals.

1.0. Foods our Bodies Need to Stay Healthy

1.1. Body-Building Foods or Proteins

Proteins are building foods. They are necessary

for proper growth, for making healthy muscles,
brains and many other parts of bodies.

• Foods high in protein

Meat Sea Food

Chicken Soy Beans
Eggs Cheese
Fish

• Foods with some protein

Beans Peanut
Nuts Dark green leafy vegetables
Lentils Cereals
Peas

1.2. Energy foods or Carbohydrates: Sugar & Starch

• Starches

Mais (corn) Cereals

Noodles Potatoes
Sweet potatoes Squash
Yam Cassava
Banana Taro (gabi)

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 • Sugars

Sugar Fruit
Honey Ripe banana
Raw sugar, molasses Milk

1.3. Energy Storage Foods: fats and oils

• Foods high in fat

Cooking oil Lard

Salad oil Bacon
Butter Meat fat
Margarine

• Foods with some fat

Peanut Nuts
Sesame Avocado
Soy bean Milk
Coconut

1.4. Protective Foods: Those rich in vitamins and

minerals.

Vitamins are protective foods. They help our

bodies work properly. Minerals are needed for
making healthy blood, bones and teeth.

• Food rich in vitamin and minerals

Meat Fish (fish liver oil for vitamin A)

Chicken Cheese
Eggs Milk
Vegetables Fruits
Cereals Sea weeds (for iodine)

2.0. Seven Simple Guidelines for Eating Well

(Dietary Guidelines for Americans, USDA, 1990

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 2.1. Eat a variety of foods, include a daily selection
of:

• Whole-grain and enriched bread, cereals and grain

products
• Vegetables
• Fruits
• Milk, cheese and yogurt
• Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dried beans and peas tofu

2.2. Maintain a healthy weight

2.3. Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat, and
cholesterol
A high-fat diet increases the risk of heart disease
and some concerns
2.4. Eat plenty of vegetable, fruits and grain
products. Complex carbohydrates and fruits pack the
most nutrient per calorie.
2.5. Use sugar only in moderation. Sugar has little,
if any vitamins, minerals or fiber.
2.6. Use of salt and sodium only in moderation. Sodium
increases blood pressure.
2.7. If you drink alcohol, do it in moderation.
Alcohol is high in calories, and has no nutrients.

3.0. Sickness caused by not eating well

Good food is needed for a person to grow well, work hard

and stay healthy. Many common sicknesses come from not
eating enough of the foods, the body needs. To eat right
means to eat enough. But it also means to eat a balanced of
the different foods the body needs. To be healthy, a person
needs to eat enough foods from each of the food groups
just described.

A person, who is weak or sick because he does not eat right

foods, or does not eat enough, is said to be poorly
nourished or malnourished. He suffers from malnutrition.

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Poor nutrition is the most common cause of the health problems:

In children In anyone

*Failure of a child to grow or

gain weight normally
*Slowness in walking, talking,
*Weakness and tiredness
or thinking
*loss of appetite
*Swollen bellies, thin arms and
*Anemia
legs
*Sores in the corners of the
*Sadness, lack of energy
mouth
*Swelling of feet, face and
*”burning” or numbness of the
hands
feet
*Thinning or loss of hair or
less of its color or shine
*Dryness eyes, blindness

4.0. Eating Well: A Basic Plan

Eat a variety of foods every day. Eat more from the breads
and cereals and fruits and vegetables groups than from the
other groups.

4.1. Breads, Cereals and Starches

Contrary to popular belief, bread, potatoes, rice, and

pasta are not fattening! These starchy foods are actually
good for you.

Starches are carbohydrates, which have less than half the

calories per gram as fat. Unprocessed starches (whole
grains, vegetables) also contain large amounts of
vitamins, minerals, fiber and water.

Starchy foods are fattening only when you add fat to

them. Try non-fat yogurt or salsa on baked potatoes. Use
fresh vegetable and tomato sauces on pasta.

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 4.2 Fruits and Vegetables
Fresh fruits and vegetables are good for you. They
provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber and are naturally
low in fat. Many fruits and vegetables, contain a lot of
vitamins A (beta carotene), and C, especially oranges and
other citrus fruits, broccoli, sweet potatoes, winter
squash, carrots, spinach, and other leafy greens. As a
result, a diet that includes lots of fruits and
vegetables helps protect you against heart and disease
and cancer.

Fruits and vegetables are most nutritious when eaten

fresh and raw or lightly cooked. When you cook
vegetables, steam and microwave them to retain more
vitamins.

4.3 Fiber

Fiber has no vitamins and minerals, yet it is important

to good health. There are two types of fiber.

Insoluble fiber in whole-grain products provides bulk for

your diet. Together with fluids, fiber stimulates the
colon to keep waste out of the bowels. Without fiber,
waste moves to slowly, increasing your risk for
constipation, colon and bowel cancer, and diverticulitis.

Soluble fiber found in fruit, beans and peas and other

legumes, and oats helps lower cholesterol, reducing your
risk of heart disease. The fiber in legumes can also help
regulate blood glucose and cholesterol levels.

Do you need more fiber? If your bowel movement are soft

and easy pass, you probably get plenty of fiber. If they
are hard and difficult to pass, more fiber and waste can
help.

To increase fiber in your diet:

• Eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables

a day. Eat fruits with edible skins and seeds:

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 berries, apples and pineapples. Eat more of stems of
kangkong and camote.
• Switch to whole-grain and whole-wheat breads, pasta
and cereals. If it just says wheat flour, it means
white flour, from which of the fiber has been
removed.
• Eat more cooked dried beans, peas and lentils.
• Popcorn is a good high-fiber snack. However, avoid
added oil, butter and salt.

4.4 Water

One easy way to improve your diet is to drink more

water. Active people need two quarts of water a day.
People who exercise regularly need even more water. If
you drink other fluids, you can get by with less, but
plain water is best.

4.5 Sugar

What’s wrong with sugar? It comes from a vegetable

(Sugar beets or sugar cane), is relatively cheap,
tastes good, is fat free, and is even a carbohydrate.

From a health point of view, the biggest problem with

sugar is that it is stripped of all vitamins, minerals
and fiber. What are left are crystals of pure
calories.

In moderation, sugar does little harm. However, if too

many of your calories come from sugar, you will either
gain weight or not get enough of the other nutrients
you need. Sugar also contributes to cavities.

• Be aware of hidden sugars in flavored, canned and

other processed foods. Check the label for words
that end in “-ose,” like dextrose, fructose,
sucrose, lactose, and maltose, which are forms of
sugar. Corn syrup is another common form of sugar.
• Limit foods that list sugar among the first few
ingredients.

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• Look for breakfast cereals that have six grams or
less of added sugar per serving.
• You can reduce the sugar in home-made baked goods by
to one half without affecting the texture.
• Eat a sweet piece of fruits of instead a sugar
dessert.
• All sugars are basically alike. Honey and brown or
raw sugar have no advantage over other sugars

4.6. Fats in Foods

Fat, butter, lard, cream, oil margarine,

mayonnaise and grease in foods account for 37
percent of the calories in the average diet. Fat
has more than twice as many calories per gram as
carbohydrates or protein.

How much fat is too much? The Dietary Guidelines

recommend that less than 30 percent of total calories
came from fat. Changing from a diet that contains 37
percent of fat to one that contains 30 percent fat may
slow the development of heart disease, reduce cancer
risk and improve your overall diet.

Many scientists suggest a 30 percent fat diet is still

too high for a healthy heart. A 20 percent fat diet
will slow heart disease even more. There is some
evidence that a 10 percent fat diet is challenging to
maintain.

Based on your heart disease risks, you may wish to set

a goal for how much fat to include in your diet. A
nutritionist can help you with a menu plan to meet
your goal.

15 Simple Ways to Reduce Fat

When eating meat:

1. Eat more poultry and fish. Choose lean cuts of

meats.

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 2. Remove all visible fat before cooking. Poultry skin
may be removed either before or after cooking.
3. Broil or bake instead of frying.
4. Reduce serving sizes to two or three ounces and
don’t take seconds.
5. Replace some meat with cooked dry beans and grains.
6. Use skim or 1% milk.
7. Choose low-fat, skim milk cheese.
8. Substitute low-fat or non-fat cottage cheese and
yogurt for cream and sour cream.

In cooking:

9. Steam vegetables, sauté with one teaspoon of oil or

less or cook with wine or defatted broth.
10. Use non-stick pans or add oil to a preheated pan.
Less oil goes further this way.
11. Flavor vegetables with herbs and spices instead
of butter and sauces or try Butter Buds or Molly Mc
butter.
12. Experiment using less oil than is called for in
recipes. You may need to increase other liquids.

In General:

13. Avoid crackers, chips, cookies and margarine made

with hydrogenated oil, coconut oil or cocoa butter.
14. Eat plenty of carbohydrates to fill you up
(fruits, vegetables, grains, breads, pasta, etc.).
15. Let salad go naked, modestly dressed with lemon
juice or use fat free dressings and mayonnaise.

D. HIV Infection and AIDS

1.0. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is

caused by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV). HIV
destroys the immune system, which makes it possible for
the body to fight off disease or even minor illnesses.
AIDS is the last phase in HIV disease, when the body is
unable to fight a disease or infection.

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2.0. A person is said to be HIV-positive of anti-
bodies to the virus are detected in his/her blood.
It may take up to six months after infection for anti-
bodies to appear. Someone who is HIV-positive may appear
to be healthy for 10 years or longer before symptoms of
AIDS develop.

3.0. HIV is not spread by mosquitoes, toilet seats,

being cough on by an infected person, casual contact with
someone who is HIV-positive or who has AIDS.
HIV is spread only when blood, semen or vaginal
fluids from an infected person enters someone else’s
body. The specific behaviors that spread HIV include:

3.1. Sharing injection needles and syringes with

someone who is HIV-positive.
3.2. Unprotected (without a condom) rectal entry
intercourse (anal sex) with someone who is HIV-
positive.
3.3. Unprotected vaginal or oral sexual activity with
someone who is HIV-positive.
3.4. Babies born to or breast feed by women who are
HIV-positive are also at high risk of contracting
the virus.
3.5. Being touched, hugged or lightly kiss by someone
who is HIV-positive will not transfer the virus to
you.
3.6. As long as you practice the prevention behaviors,
you have virtually no risk of contracting the virus.
3.7. If your behavior puts you at risk for HIV
infection, a blood test should be done six months
after the risky behavior. Early diagnosis and
treatment of HIV is important even before symptoms
develop.
3.8. A simple, confidential blood test, available at a
Health Department, can determine if you are HIV-
positive.

4.0. Symptoms of HIV Infection and AIDS

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 4.1. The early symptoms of HIV Infections are like the
symptoms that won’t go away. Common symptoms are:

• Rapid unexplained weight loss

• Persistent unexplained fever and night sweats
• Persistent diarrhea
• Persistent severe fatigue
• Swelling of glands in neck, armpits or groin

4.2. As the immune system deteriorate, a variety of

other symptoms may appear including:

• Unusual sores on the skin, in the mouth; white

patches in the mouth
• Increase outbreaks of cold sores
• Unexplained shortness of breath and dry cough
• Severe numbness or pain in the hands and feet
• Personality changes or mental deterioration
• Unusual cancers and infections

These symptoms are usually caused by many illnesses other

than HIV infections or AIDS. However, if any symptom
develops or persists without a good explanation,
especially of your behavior puts you at risk of HIV
infection, call your doctor.

5.0. Prevention

Only monogamy between uninfected partners or sexual

abstinence completely eliminates the risk of HIV and
other sexually transmitted diseases. The following
actions will reduce your risk:

5.1 If you are beginning a sexual relationship, take

time before having sex to talk about HIV and other
STDs. Find out if your partner has been exposed or
infected or if you partner’s behavior puts him or her
risk of HIV infection. Remember that it is possible to
be infected without knowing it.

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 5.2 Use condoms with any partner until you are
certain that person does not have any sexually
transmitted diseases and you are certain that neither
of you will have unprotected sexual contact with
anyone else while your relationship lasts.

E. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

1.0. The Sexually Transmitted Disease (STDs) or Venereal

Diseases (VD) are infections passed from person to person
through sexual intercourse or genital contact. Chlamydia,
genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, hepatitis B and
syphilis are among the most common STDs. AIDS (acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome), the most virulent and deadly
of all STDs.

1.1. Chlamydia - is a bacterial infection that affects

millions of men and women symptoms shoe up after
two-four weeks after exposure. In women, symptoms
may include vaginal discharge or irregular menstrual
bleeding, painful urination, genital itching or
lower abdominal pain. In men, there maybe a penile
discharge and painful urination. Chlamydia is
easily treated with antibiotics. If undetected and
untreated, it may cause pelvic inflammatory disease
in women, which may lead to sterility.
1.2. Genital Herpes is caused by the herpes simplex
virus, which also causes cold sores and fever
blisters. It is easily spread through sexual and
other direct skin contact. Symptoms occur 2 to 30
days after contact with infected person. There is
no known cure for herpes. Once infected, you may
have recurrent outbreaks, which are usually shorter
and less severe than the first one. Itching,
burning or tingling may occur at the place where the
sores will late appear. Medication is available
that help reduce the frequency and severity of
recurrent outbreak.
1.3. Genital Warts are caused by the human
papillomavirus (HPV) which is spread by sexual
contact. They appear as small fleshy bumps or flat

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 white patches on the labia (the lips around the
vagina), inside the vagina, on the penis or scrotum,
or around the anus. Of most concern to women is the
link between HPV and cervical cancer. The virus can
be detected by a pap smear. Wart develops on the
cervix can remove by surgical. In some cases, it
may occur.
1.4. Gonorrhea also known as clap, drip or GC, is a
bacterial infection spread through sexual contact.
The symptoms include painful urination, vaginal
discharge, irregular menstrual bleeding, or a thick
discharge from the penis. If untreated, gonorrhea
in women may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and
sterility. It can sometimes spread to the joints
and cause arthritis.
1.5. Hepatitis B is a viral infection through sexual
contact or contact with infected blood. An infected
pregnant woman can also transmit the virus to her
baby. Symptoms appear two to five months after
exposure, and including vomiting, abdominal pain,
loss of appetite and yellow tint to the eyes and
skin (jaundice). Long-term effects of the disease
include life-threatening liver damage. A vaccine
against Hepatitis B is recommended for all infants
and people in certain high-risk group.
1.6. Syphilis is a bacterial infection spread through
sexual contact or sharing of contaminated needles.
Symptoms appear two weeks to one month after
contact. The first symptom is a chancre, a small
red blister, ulcer or sore that appears on the
genital, recta area and may go unnoticed. The lymph
nodes in the groin may also swell. Symptoms of the
second phase include skin rash, patchy hair loss,
fever, swollen lymph glands and flu-like symptoms
which are confused with other illness. Syphilis can
be treated with antibiotics. If untreated, it will
cause serious problems and premature death.

2.0. Prevention
Preventing a sexually transmitted disease is easier
than treating an infection once it occurs. Only

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 monogamy between uninfected partner or sexual
abstinence completely eliminates the risk
Avoid sexual contact while you are or your partner is
being treated for a sexually transmitted disease.

F. Drug Abuse Education and Prevention

Drug Abuse is a problem which adversely affects our most

precious resource – the Filipino youth. Hence, the Philippine
government through the Dangerous Drug Board has taken the
initiative to prevent the menace and widespread of this social
epidemic that will destroy the lives and aspirations of our
youth.

The drug overdose is a serious matter. Unfortunately, many

adults and teens suffer from its slings. Usually drug overdose
is a mask, hiding other problems, insecurity self-loathing, a
sense of failure, or deep un-abiding depression. These problems
must also be addressed in order to prevent the “self-medication”
so many drug addicts use from becoming a dangerous overdose.

A. General Symptoms of Drug Abuse

1. Abrupt changes in school or work attendance, quality of

work, grades, work output.
2. Unusual flare-ups or outbreaks of temper.
3. Withdrawal from responsibility.
4. Change in overall attitude.
5. Deterioration of physical appearance and grooming
6. Furtive behavior regarding actions.
7. Wearing of sunglasses to hide dilated or constricted
pupils.
8. Association with drug abusers.
9. Unusual borrowing of money from parents or friends.
10. Stealing small item.

B. Definition of terms about Drug Abuse

1. Drug – It is any chemical substance which affects a

person in such a way as to bring about physiological,
emotional or behavior change.

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 2. Drug Abuse – is the use of a chemical substance, licit
or illicit which results in an individual’s physical,
emotional and social impairment.

3. Drug Addiction – person dependence on a drug, associated

with narcotics. The term “addiction” is now being replaced
by the term “drug dependence”.

C. Drug Substance Commonly Abused

1. Hallucinogens (also called psychedelics) are drug capable of

provoking changes of cessation, self-awareness and emotion.
People under the influence of these seem far away. They might
talk to invisible people or objects and experience a bad or
“high trip. They might act paranoid, alternately screaming and
acting catatonic. LSD, marijuana, PCP (angel dust), mescaline,
and ecstasy are the popular hallucinogens.

2. Stimulants (uppers or pep pills) are drugs which increase

alertness, reduce hunger and provide a feeling of well-being,
stimulate mind, over-confidence, extreme energy, euphoria,
excessive talking. They are highly addictive. The most common
stimulants are amphetamines, cocaine, and CAT (crystal
methamphetamine)

3. Depressants (downers) are drugs which decrease or depress

body functions and nerve activity. These are also known as
tranquilizers which help people from panic attacks, anxiety and
insomnia. Barbiturates, methaqualine, valium, halcyon are among
the commonly used depressants.

4. Narcotics are drugs which produce insensitivity, stuper and

melancholy or dullness of mind with delusions. These are the
deadliest drugs of all highly addictive and dangerous to the
body. Opium, heroin, codeine, morphine are the most popular
narcotics; Cocaine is also known as Marijuana derived from the
leaves of coco plant grown in South America

5. Volatile Solvents or inhalants are chemicals that when

sniffed or when inhaled a smell can produce exoticization,
excitement, dulling of the brain and irrational behavior.

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Chemical inhalants are rugby, gasoline, paint kerosene, airplane
glue, nail polish, acetone, and lighter fluid

D. Why do people turn to drugs?

Teenagers resort to drugs for a variety of reasons:

• For curiosity, due to misinformation and just want

“experience”.
• “Pakikisama” so as to be accepted by the “barkada”.
• For security feelings.
• For relief from problems-personal, family, school, work and
others.
• To escape from boredom and problems.

E. Community Leaders Advocacy to Prevent Drug Abuse

1. Plan and implement social action program involving

young people, civic group, professionals and religious
organization to improve the Community Life. The following
activities must be implemented in the community.

• Parent Education Program

• Recreation, social and Sports Programs
• Vocational, Skills Development & Training programs
• Youth Development Program
• Seminar on Drug Education

2. Participate and assist in the implementation of RA

6425 also known as Dangerous Drug Act of 1972

• Motivate known drug abusers to undergo treatment and

rehabilitation
• Report drug pushers, den maintainers, drug traffickers to
the law enforcement agencies
• Encourage and support the establishment of Community
guidance clinics for drug users

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 • Help after-care rehabilitated clients to be accepted back
to their community and involve in meaningful and productive
activities
• Help the strengthening moral and spiritual values of the
discharged clients.

F. What the CWTS students and parents should do to help prevent

Drug Abuse?

1. Create a warm and friendly atmosphere in the home

2. Assist parents to develop effective means of
communication with their children, for the children to be
open and honest to their parents

3. Help parents how to understand and accept their

children for what they are

4. Assist parents on how to listen and respect the

opinion of their children

5. Motivate parent to develop strategies on how to be

with their children in spite of being busy

6. Educate parents on how to strengthen moral and

spiritual values of their children

7. Assist parents on how to give responsibility to their

children commensurate to their age

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