PAK AMIN PARAMETRIk

NO INPUT 9
INP_01 INP_02
Design Connection of Cold-Formed Steel
BEAM
Number
GRADE TYPE
1 TCS-150 C15019
2 TCS-200 C20019
3 TCS-250 C25019
4 S320GD+Z C20019
5 S320GD+Z C25019
6 S320GD+Z C30024
7 S320GD+Z C20019
8 S320GD+Z C25019
9 S320GD+Z C20019
INP_03 INP_04 INP_05 INP_06
med Steel
COLUMN BOLTS
GRADE TYPE GRADE e1
TCS-250C C25019 8.8 25

TCS-250C C25019 8.8 25
TCS-250C C25019 8.8 25
S320GD+Z C30024 8.8 25
S320GD+Z C30024 8.8 25
S320GD+Z C30024 8.8 25
S320GD+Z C25019 8.8 25
S320GD+Z C25019 8.8 25
S320GD+Z C20019 8.8 25
INP_07 INP_08 INP_09
OLTS GUSSET PLATE
DIA GRADE THK

mm
12 TCS-P6 6
12 TCS-P6 6
12 TCS-P6 6
12 S 355 6
12 S 355 6
12 S 355 6
12 S 355 6
12 S 355 6
12 S 355 6
OUT_1 OUT_2
Failure by the bending Mj (Moment Connection)
kN m
GUSSET PLATE 7.624

GUSSET PLATE 12.916
GUSSET PLATE 19.192
GUSSET PLATE 13.517
BOLT 19.284
GUSSET PLATE 26.202
GUSSET PLATE 13.517
BOLT 17.221
BOLT 13.276
OUT_3 OUT_4 OUT_5 OUT_6
Fv (Shear Connection) SUMMARY Sj Sj,ini
kN kNm/rad kNm/rad
32.371 OK 194.936 389.873

32.371 OK 216.375 432.749
32.371 OK 297.118 594.236
32.371 OK 323.913 647.826
32.371 OK 391.013 782.025
32.371 OK 490.961 981.921
32.371 OK 223.032 446.063
32.371 OK 283.753 567.506
32.371 OK 186.396 372.791
OUT_7 OUT_8 OUT_9 OUT_10
End-Fixity
Factor of
Stiffness Class Strength Class Ductility Class
Semirigid
Member
0.344 SEMI-RIGID PARTIAL-STRENGTH DUCTILE

OUT_11 BD
P (Load) kN BEAM COLUMN
7.62 C15019 C25019

12.92 C20019 C25019
19.19 C25019 C25019
13.52 C20019 C30024
19.28 C25019 C30024
26.20 C25019 C30024
13.52 C20019 C25019
17.22 C25019 C25019
13.28 C20019 C20019
DIMENSIONS OF CEES (LYSAGHT TABLE PROFIL)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Catalogue Mass per unit

t (mm) D (mm) B1 (mm) B2 (mm) L (mm) r (mm)
number length (kg/m)
C10010 1.00 102.00 1.78 51.00 51.00 12.50 5.00

C10012 1.20 102.00 2.10 51.00 51.00 12.50 5.00
C10015 1.50 102.00 2.62 51.00 51.00 13.50 5.00
C10019 1.90 102.00 3.29 51.00 51.00 14.50 5.00
C15012 1.20 152.00 2.89 64.00 64.00 14.50 5.00
C15015 1.50 152.00 3.59 64.00 64.00 15.50 5.00
C15019 1.90 152.00 4.51 64.00 64.00 16.50 5.00
C15024 2.40 152.00 5.70 64.00 64.00 18.50 5.00
C20015 1.50 203.00 4.49 76.00 76.00 15.50 5.00
C20019 1.90 203.00 5.74 76.00 76.00 19.00 5.00
C20024 2.40 203.00 7.24 76.00 76.00 21.00 5.00
C25019 1.90 254.00 6.50 76.00 76.00 18.50 5.00
C25024 2.40 254.00 8.16 76.00 76.00 20.50 5.00
C30024 2.40 300.00 10.09 96.00 96.00 27.50 5.00
C30030 3.00 300.00 12.76 96.00 96.00 31.50 5.00
C35030 3.00 350.00 15.23 125.00 125.00 30.00 5.00
TCS 150
TCS 200
TCS 300
BOLTS RESISTANCE (CLASS 8.8) -SCI
d As Ft,Rd Fv,Rd 2 x Fv,Rd tmin

mm mm2 kN kN kN mm
12 84.3 48.6 27.5 55 4.3
16 157 90.4 60.3 121 6.3
20 245 141 94.1 188 7.8
24 353 203 136 271 9.4
30 561 323 215 431 11.6
Nominal Values of yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength for bolts (BS EN
Bolt class fyb fub av E

mPa mPa kN/mm2
4.6 240 400 0.6 210
4.8 320 400 0.5 210
5.6 300 500 0.6 210
5.8 400 500 0.5 210
6.8 480 600 0.5 210
8.8 640 800 0.6 210
10.9 900 1000 0.5 210
Nominal Values of basic yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength for steel (B
Type of steel Steel grade fyb fu E

Hot rolled products of non-alloy S 235 235 360 210
structural steels. Part 2: Technical S 275 275 430 210
delivery conditions for non alloy S 355 355 510 210
structural steels
S 275 N 275 370 210
Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for S 355 N 355 470 210
normalized/normalized rolled weldable S 420 N 420 520 210
fine grain structural steels S 460 N 460 550 210
S 275 NL 275 370 210
S 355 NL 355 470 210
S 420 NL 420 520 210
S 460 NL 460 550 210
Hot-rolled products of structural steels. S 275 M 275 360 210
Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for S 355 M 355 450 210
thermomechanical rolled weldable fine S 420 M 420 500 210
grain structural steels S 460 M 460 530 210
S 275 ML 275 360 210
S 355 ML 355 450 210
S 420 ML 420 500 210
S 460 ML 460 530 210
Cold reduced steel sheet of structural CR 220 220 300 210
quality CR 250 250 330 210
CR 320 320 400 210
Continuous hot dip zinc coated carbon S220GD+Z 220 300 210
steel sheet of structural quality S250GD+Z 250 330 210
S280GD+Z 280 360 210
S320GD+Z 320 390 210
S350GD+Z 350 420 210
Hot-rolled flat products made of high S 315 MC 315 390 210
yield strength steels for cold forming. Part S 355 MC 355 430 210
2: Delivery conditions for S 420 MC 420 480 210
thermomechanically rolled steels S 460 MC 460 520 210
S 500 MC 500 550 210
S 550 MC 550 600 210
S 600 MC 600 650 210
S 650 MC 650 700 210
S 700 MC 700 750 210
S 260 NC 260 370 210
S 315 NC 315 430 210
S 355 NC 355 470 210
S 420 NC 420 530 210
Cold-rolled flat products made of high H240LA 240 340 210
yield strength micro-alloyed steels for H280LA 280 370 210
cold forming H320LA 320 400 210
H360LA 360 430 210
H400LA 400 460 210
Continuously hot-dip coated strip and H260LAD 240 340 210
sheet of steels with higher yield strength H300LAD 280 370 210
for cold forming H340LAD 320 400 210
H380LAD 360 430 210
H420LAD 400 460 210
Continuously hot-dipped zinc-aluminium S220GD+ZA 220 300 210
(ZA) coated steel strip and sheet S250GD+ZA 250 330 210
S280GD+ZA 280 360 210
S320GD+ZA 320 390 210
S350GD+ZA 350 420 210
Continuously hot-dipped aluminium-zinc S220GD+AZ 220 300 210
(AZ) coated steel strip and sheet S250GD+AZ 250 330 210
S280GD+AZ 280 360 210
S320GD+AZ 320 390 210
S350GD+AZ 350 420 210
Continuously hot-dipped zinc coated DX51D+Z 140 270 210
strip and sheet of mild steel for cold DX52D+Z 140 270 210
forming DX53D+Z 140 270 210
Column section DC250(C) TCS-250C 393 490.7 220.1
Beam section DC150 TCS-150 380 448.5 236.6
Beam section DC200 TCS-200 366.7 475 204.7
Beam section DC250 TCS-250 378.7 489.8 222.6
Hot-rolled gusset plates 6 mm TCS-P6 328.3 427.9 260.4
DIMENSIONS OF CEES (LYSAGHT TABLE PROFIL)
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Wel,y Wel,z
A (mm2) Iy (mm4) Iz (mm4) iy (mm) iz (mm) It (mm4)
(mm3) (mm3)
216 364000 75500 41.1 18.7 7130 2190 71.9
258 432000 89200 41.0 18.6 8480 2590 124
323 537000 112000 40.8 18.7 10500 3290 242
409 673000 142000 40.6 18.7 13200 4210 492
354 1290000 188000 60.4 23.1 17000 4170 170
443 1610000 237000 60.2 23.1 21100 5290 332
561 2020000 300000 60.0 23.1 26600 6740 675
712 2540000 386000 59.8 23.3 33500 8790 1370
555 3530000 396000 79.7 26.7 34700 7170 416
713 4510000 531000 79.6 27.3 44400 9770 858
904 5690000 681000 79.3 27.4 56000 12700 1740
808 7620000 561000 97.1 26.4 60000 9860 972
1020 9620000 721000 96.9 26.5 75700 12800 1970
1260 17000000 1510000 116.0 34.6 113000 21700 2430
1600 21300000 1960000 116.0 35.0 142000 28500 4790
1910 35800000 3820000 137.0 44.7 205000 42300 5730
th for bolts (BS EN 1993-1-8:2005)
strength for steel (BS EN 1993-1-3:2006)

TCS
Section h (mm) b1 = b2 (mm) c (mm) r (mm)
17 18
Iw (mm6) yo (mm) C20019 203 76 19 5
160000000 39.9 C25024 254 76 20.5 5

188000000 39.7 C30024 300 96 27.5 5
241000000 40.1
311000000 40.4
842000000 46.5
1070000000 46.9
1370000000 47.1
1810000000 48.0
3060000000 51.6
4240000000 53.6
5540000000 54.4
6860000000 48.5
8920000000 49.3
26800000000 66.0
35700000000 67.9
90000000000 86.3
t (mm) Wel,y (mm3) A (mm2) 5xt bp = b - t 0.1 x bp
1.9 44400 713 9.5 74.1 7.41
2.4 75700 1020 12 73.6 7.36

2.4 113000 1260 12 93.6 9.36
Faculty of Civil Engineering
University of Sriwijaya, Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Title : Gross section properties of a double channel section
Preapred by : Irwandra Septiadi, MT Date : 9/22/2015

Checked by : Prof. Dr. Ir. Anis Saggaff, MSCE Date :
CALCULATION
BASIC DATA
The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are :
Profil Name = C20019
Total height h = 203 mm
Total width of flange in compression b1 = 76 mm
Total width of flange in tension b2 = 76 mm
Total width of edge fold c = 19 mm
Internal radius r = 5 mm
Nominal thickness tnom = 1.9 mm
Steel core thickness t = 1.862 mm
(2% tnom)
Basic yield strength fyb = 450 N/mm²
Modulus of elasticity E = 210000 N/mm²
Poisson's ration v = 0.3
Partial Factor γm0 = 1
The dimensins of the section center line area :
Web heigt hp = h - tnom = 201.1 mm

Width of flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom = 74.1 mm
Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom = 74.1 mm
Width of edge fold cp = c - tnom /2 = 18.05 mm
CHEKING OF GEOMETRICAL PROPORTIONS
The design method of EN 1992-1-3 can be aplied if the following conditions

CALCULATION
are satisfied :
b/t ≤ 60 b1/t = 40.816327 ≤ 60 OK
c/t ≤ 50 c/t = 10.204082 ≤ 50 OK
h/t ≤ 500 h/t = 109.02256 ≤ 500 OK
In te order to rovide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the
stiffener itself, the size of siffener should be within the following range :
0.2 ≤ c/b1 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.6 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b2 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.6 OK
The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if :
r/t ≤ 5 r/t = 2.6853 ≤ 5 OK
r/bp ≤ 0.1 r/bp1 = 0.0658 ≤ 0 OK
r/bp2 = 0.0658 ≤ 0 OK
GROSS SECTION PROPERTIES

Gross section area :
Abr = 2 [t x (2cp + bp1 + bp2 +hp) ] = 1435.2296 mm²


CALCULATION
Z1 = 2 ([cp x (hp - c / 2) + bp2 h + hp2 / 2 + cp2 / 2] x t) = 100.55 mm
Abr
Z2 = hp - z1 = 100.55 mm
Y1 = t[cp(bp1+bp1)+cp(bp2+bp2)+bp1(bp1+bp1/2)+bp2
(bp2+bp2/2)+hp1(bp1)+hp2(bp2)+bp1(bp1/2)+bp2
(bp2/2)] = 74.1 mm
Abr
Y2 = (bp1+bp1) - Y1 = 74.1 mm
Second moment of area :

𝐼_𝑦=2[(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑝2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑝1 𝑡^3)/12+(ℎ_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+𝑐_𝑝 𝑡(𝑍_1−𝑐_𝑝/2)^2+𝑐_𝑝 〖𝑡 (𝑍_2−𝑐_𝑝
𝑏_𝑝1 〖𝑡 (𝑍_1 ) 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑝2 〖𝑡 (𝑍_2 ) 〗 ^2+ℎ_𝑝1 〖𝑡 (𝑍_2 ) 〗 ^2]
Iy = 9233659.68943 mm4
Gross section modulus :
W,y1 = Iy = 124610.79203 mm3
z1
W,y2 = Iy = 124610.79203 mm3
z2
𝐼_𝑧=2[(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑝2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑝1 𝑡^3)/12+
𝑐_𝑝 〖𝑡 (𝑌_1 ) 〗 ^2+𝑐_𝑝 〖𝑡 (𝑌_1 ) 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑝1 〖𝑡 (𝑌_1/2) 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑝2 〖𝑡 (𝑌_1/2) 〗 ^
Iz = 1499564.27706 mm4
W,z1 = Iz = 20237.0347782 mm3
Y1
W,z2 = Iz = 20237.0347782 mm3
Y2

CALCULATION
Title : The effective properties calculation of a cold-fomed lipped
channel section subjected to bending.
CALCULATION
BASIC DATA
Steel core thickness t = 1.862 mm BS EN 1993-1-1
(2% tnom) Page 17

Partial Factor γm0 = 1 BS EN 1993-1-3
The dimensins of the section center line area : Page 12

CALCULATION
are satisfied : BS EN 1993-1-3
b/t ≤ 60 b1/t = 40.8163 ≤ 60 OK Page 21

c/t ≤ 50 c/t = 10.2041 ≤ 50 OK
h/t ≤ 500 h/t = 109.023 ≤ 500 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b1 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.6 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b2 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.6 OK
r/t ≤ 5 r/t = 2.6853 ≤ 5 OK BS EN 1993-1-3
r/bp ≤ 0.1 r/bp1 = 0.0658 ≤ 0.1 OK Page 18

r/bp2 = 0.0658 ≤ 0.1 OK

Position of the neutral ais with respect to the flange in compression :
zb1 = 2 ([cp x (hp - c / 2) + bp2 h + hp2 / 2 + cp2 / 2] x t) = 100.55 mm
Abr
zb2 = hp - zb1 = 100.55 mm
EFFECITIVE SECTION PROPERTIES OF THE FLANGE

AND LIP IN COMPRESSION
The general (iterative) procedur is aplied to calculater the effective
properties of the compressed flange and the lip (plane element with edge
stiffner). The calculate should be carried out in three stes :
CALCULATION
Step 1 :
Obtain an initial effective cross-section for the stiffener using effective
widths of the flange determined by assuming that the compressed flange
is doubly supported, the stiffener gives full restraint (K = ∞) and that
design strength is not reduced .
Effective width of the compressed flange

The Stress ratio (ψ) = 1
The buckling factor kσ = 4 BS EN 1993-1-5
ε = √235/fyb = 0.7226494 Page 17

The relative slenderness :
(λ" = 0.9695328 BS EN 1993-1-5
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡) Page 15
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
The width reduction factor is :
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)>0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓) >
0.9695 0.53 OK
so,
𝜌=((λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) = 0.80
−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) 〗 ^2
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
0.9695𝜓) ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
So, the factor is : 𝜌 = 0.7973805
The effective width is : BS EN 1993-1-5
beff = ρ . bp1 = 59.085896 mm Page 17

be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff = 29.542948 mm
Effective width of the edge fold

The buckling factor is :
if bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.35 BS EN 1993-1-3
0.2436 ≤ 0.35 OK Page 29

CALCULATION
so, kσ = 0.5
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6 0
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, = 0.6863805
So, the factor is : kσ = 0.5

(λ" = 0.6679847
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/( BS EN 1993-1-5
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
The width reduction factor is : Page 15
if, (λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)>0,748
0.668 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = 1.08
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐) 〗 ^2
if, (λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)≤0,748

0.668 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
So, the factor is : 𝜌 = 1
The effective width is :
ceff = ρ . cp = 18.05 mm BS EN 1993-1-3
Effective area of the edge stiffener : Page 29

As = t (be2 + ceff) = 88.618069 mm
Step 2 :
Use the initial effective crosssection of the stiffener to determine the
reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring restraint.
The elastic buckling strees for the edge stiffener is,
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠
BS EN 1993-1-3
where : Page 29
K is the spring stiffness per unit length :
CALCULATION
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
BS EN 1993-1-3
with : Page 27
b1 - distance from the web to the center of the effecive area of the
stiffener in compression (upper flange)
b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 = 64.930724 mm

(be2 + ceff) t
kf = for bending about the y-y axis = 0

K = 0.3320662 N/mm
Is - is te effective second moment of area of the stiffener :
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
.𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−
(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is = 2627.658 mm4
so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is,
σcr,s = 305.50202 N/mm2
Thickness reduction factor χd for the edge stiffener
(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 = 1.2136661
𝑟,𝑠) )reduction factor will be :
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.2137 ≤ 0.655 NO BS EN 1993-1-3
so, χd = 1 Page 27
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.213666 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑= 0.5925194
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.2137 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.5438069
CALCULATION
So, the factor is : χd = 0.5925194
Step 3 :
As the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener is χd < 1, iterate to
refine the value of the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener.
The iterations are carried out based on modified values of ρ obtained
using:
(𝜎" " ) ̅_(𝑐𝑜𝑚,𝐸𝑑,𝑖)= 〖𝜒 _𝑑 and (λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑟𝑒𝑑)=(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝
𝑓_𝑦𝑏 〗∕𝛾 _𝑀0 √(𝜒_𝑑 )
The iteration stops when the reduction factor χ converges.

Iteration χd be2 ceff Initial values (iteration 0) : BS EN 1993-1-3
1 0.593 29.543 18.050 χd = 0.593 Page 30

2 0.572 35.010 18.050 be2 = 29.543 mm
3 0.571 35.369 18.050 ceff = 18.050 mm
4 0.571 35.391 18.050
5 0.571 35.392 18.050 Final values (iteration 10) :
6 0.571 35.392 18.050 χd = χd,n = 0.571
7 0.571 35.392 18.050 be2 =be2,n = 35.392 mm
8 0.571 35.392 18.050 ceff = ceff,n = 18.050 mm
9 0.571 35.392 18.050
10 0.571 35.392 18.050
Final values of effective properies for flange and lipp in compression are :
χd = 0.571
be2 = 35.392 mm
ceff = 18.050 mm
be1 = 29.543 mm
tred = t . χd = 1.063 mm
EFFECITIVE SECTION PROPERTIES OF THE WEB

The position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression :
ℎ_𝑐=(𝑐_𝑝 (ℎ_𝑝−𝑐_𝑝∕2)+𝑏_𝑝2
ℎ_𝑝+ℎ_𝑝^2∕2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2
𝜒_𝑑∕2)/(𝑐_𝑝+𝑏_𝑝2+ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_𝑒1+(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 )
𝜒_𝑑 )
CALCULATION
ℎ_𝑐=(𝑐_𝑝 (ℎ_𝑝−𝑐_𝑝∕2)+𝑏_𝑝2
ℎ_𝑝+ℎ_𝑝^2∕2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2 = 109.49138 mm BS EN 1993-1-3
𝜒_𝑑∕2)/(𝑐_𝑝+𝑏_𝑝2+ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_𝑒1+(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 )
𝜒_𝑑 ) Page 31
The stress ratio :
ψ = hc - hp = -0.836674
hc
The buckling factor :
kσ = 7,81 - 6,29 ψ + 9,78 ψ ² = 19.918913
(λ" = 1.1791079
"
) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ)=(ℎ_𝑝/𝑡)/( BS EN 1993-1-5
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝜌=((λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ) = 0.7625178
−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ) 〗 ^2
The effective width of the zone in compression of the web is : BS EN 1993-1-5
heff = ρ . hc = 83.489123 mm Page 15
Near the flange in compression :

he1 = 0,4 . heff = 33.395649 mm BS EN 1993-1-5
Near the neutral axis : Page 17

he2 = 0,6 . heff = 50.093474 mm
The effective width of the web is :
h1 = he1 = 33.395649 mm
Near the flange in tension :
h2 = hp - (hc - he2) = 141.70209 mm
EFFECTIVE SECTION PROPERTIES

Effective cross-section area :
Aeff =2 (t [cp + bp2 + h1 + h2 + be1 + (be2 + ceff) χd) = 1218.8132 mm2
Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression :

CALCULATION
Zc = 2(t [cp(hp-cp/2)+bp2 hp+h2(hp-h2/2)+h1²/2+ceff² χd/2]]) = 114.50413 mm
Aeff
Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in tension :
zt = hp - zc = 86.59587 mm
Effective cross section area :

𝐼_(𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑦)=2[(ℎ_1^3 𝑡)/12+(ℎ_2^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑝2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑒1 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑒2 (𝜒_𝑑 𝑡)^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^
+𝑏_𝑝2 〖〖 𝑡 𝑧〗 _𝑡 〗 ^2+ℎ_2 𝑡(𝑧_𝑡−ℎ_2/2)^2+ℎ_1 𝑡(𝑧_𝑐−ℎ_1/2)^2+𝑏_𝑒1

𝑡 〖𝑧 _𝑒 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑒2 (𝜒_𝑑 𝑡) 〖𝑧 _𝑐 〗 ^2+
+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 (𝜒_𝑑 𝑡) (𝑧_𝑐−𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2)^2]
Ieef,y = 7382316 mm4

Effective section modulus :
with regard to the flange in compression
Weff,y,c = Ieef,y = 64472.05 mm3
zc
with regard to the flange in tension
Weff,y,t = Ieef,y = 85250.209 mm3
zt
CALCULATION
CALCULATION
channel section subjected to compression about its major axis.
CALCULATION
BASIC DATA
Steel core thickness t = 1.862 mm BS EN 1993-1-1
(2% tnom) Page 17

Partial Factor γm0 = 1 BS EN 1993-1-3
The dimensins of the section center line area : Page 12

CALCULATION
are satisfied : BS EN 1993-1-3
b/t ≤ 60 b1/t = 40.816 ≤ 60 OK Page 21

c/t ≤ 50 c/t = 10.204 ≤ 50 OK
h/t ≤ 500 h/t = 109 ≤ 500 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b1 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.6 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b2 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.6 OK
r/t ≤ 5 r/t = 2.6853 ≤ 5 OK BS EN 1993-1-3
r/bp ≤ 0.1 r/bp1 = 0.0658 ≤ 0.1 OK Page 18

r/bp2 = 0.0658 ≤ 0.1 OK

zb1 = 2 [cp x (hp - c / 2) + bp2 h + hp2 / 2 + cp2 / 2] x t = 100.55 mm
Abr
zb2 = hp - zb1 = 100.55 mm


Step 1 :
CALCULATION

The Stress ratio (ψ) = 1 BS EN 1993-1-5
The buckling factor kσ = 4 Page 17

For the upper flange :
ε = √235/fyb = 0.722649446 BS EN 1993-1-5
The relative slenderness : Page 15

(λ" = 0.969532834
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1)>0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.96953 > 0.53 OK
so, 𝜌1=((λ" = 0.80
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1)−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1) 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1)≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.96953 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌1 = 1.00
So, the factor is : 𝜌1 = 0.797380516
beff1 = ρ1 . bp1 = 59.08589624 mm BS EN 1993-1-5
be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff1 = 29.54294812 mm Page 17

For the bottom flange :
ε = √235/fyb = 0.722649446
The relative slenderness : BS EN 1993-1-5
(λ" = 0.969532834 Page 15
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2)>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.96953 > 0.53 OK
so, 𝜌2=((λ" = 0.80
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2)−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2) 〗 ^2
CALCULATION
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2)≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.96953 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌2 = 1.00
So, the factor is𝜌2 = 0.79738
beff2 = ρ2 . Bp2 = 59.08589624 mm
be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff2 = 29.54294812 mm BS EN 1993-1-5
Page 17
For the upper edge fold :
if bp,c / bp1 ≤ 0.35
0.24359 ≤ 0.35 OK BS EN 1993-1-3
so, kσ1 = 0.5 Page 29

if 0.35 < bp,c / bp1 ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6 0
so, 𝑘_𝜎1=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐1)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝1−0,35 〗 )^2 )= 0.686380477
So, the factor is : kσ1 = 0.5

(λ" " = 0.667984697
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(2
8,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎1 )) BS EN 1993-1-5

if, (λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1)>0,748
0.66798 > 0.748 NO
𝜌1=((λ"
so, = 1.08
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1)−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1) 〗 ^2
if, (λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1)≤0,748
0.66798 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌1 = 1.00
So, the factor is : 𝜌1 = 1
ceff1 = ρ1 . cp = 18.05 mm BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 29
CALCULATION
Effective area of the edge stiffener :
As1 = t (be12 + ceff1) = 88.6180694 mm
For the bottom edge fold :
if bp,c / bp2 ≤ 0.35
0.24359 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ2 = 0.5 BS EN 1993-1-3
if 0.35 < bp,c / bp2 ≤ 0.6 Page 29

0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6 0
so, 𝑘_𝜎2=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝2−0,35 〗 )^2 ) = 0.686380477
So, the factor is : kσ2 kσ2 = 0.5

(λ" " = 0.667984697
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(2
8,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎2 )) BS EN 1993-1-5

if, (λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2)>0,748
0.66798 > 0.748 NO
𝜌2=((λ"
so, = 1.08
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2)−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2) 〗 ^2
if, (λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2)≤0,748
0.66798 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌2 = 1.00
So, the factor is : 𝜌2 = 1
ceff2 = ρ2 . cp = 18.05 mm
Effective area of the edge stiffener : BS EN 1993-1-3
As2 = t (be22 + ceff2) = 88.6180694 mm Page 29
Step 2 :
Use the initial effective crosssection of the stiffener to determine
the reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring
restraint.
CALCULATION
For the upper edge stiffener :
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠
where : BS EN 1993-1-3
K is the spring stiffness per unit length : Page 29

𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
with : BS EN 1993-1-3
b1 - distance from the web to the center of the effecive area of the Page 27
b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2 = 64.93072369 mm
(be12 + ceff1) t
b2 = bp2 - be22 t be22 / 2 = 64.93072369 mm
(be22 + ceff2) t
kf = As2/As1 = for a member in axial compression = 1
K1 = 0.240983235 N/mm

𝐼_𝑠1=(𝑏_𝑒12 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒12.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+
〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is1 = 2627.658 mm4
σcr,s1 = 260.2526607 N/mm2
For the bottom edge stiffener :
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠
where : BS EN 1993-1-3
K is the spring stiffness per unit length : Page 29

𝐾2=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
CALCULATION
with : BS EN 1993-1-3
b1 - distance from the web to the center of the effecive area of the Page 27
b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 = 64.93072369 mm
(be2 + ceff) t
b2 = bp2 - be22 t be22 / 2 = 64.93072369 mm
(be22 + ceff2) t
kf2 = As1/As2 = for a member in axial compression = 1
K2 = 0.240983235 N/mm

𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
.𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−
(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2 2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is2 = 2627.658 mm4
σcr,s2 = 260.2526607 N/mm2

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑1=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_( = 1.314948269
𝑐𝑟,𝑠1) )
The reduction factor will be :
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655 BS EN 1993-1-3
) ̅_𝑑
1.31495 ≤ 0.655 NO Page 27
so, χd = 1
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.31495 < 1.38 OK
𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
so, = 0.519292401
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.31495 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.501920886
So, the factor is : χd1 = 0.519292401
CALCULATION
(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑2=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_( = 1.314948269
𝑐𝑟,𝑠2) )
The reduction factor will be : BS EN 1993-1-3
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655 Page 27

) ̅_𝑑
1.31495 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.31495 < 1.38 OK
so,𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.519292401
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.31495 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.501920886
Step 3 :
using:
(𝜎" " ) ̅_(𝑐𝑜𝑚,𝐸𝑑,𝑖)= 〖𝜒 _𝑑 and(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑟𝑒𝑑)=(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝 BS EN 1993-1-3
𝑓_𝑦𝑏 〗∕𝛾 _𝑀0 √(𝜒_𝑑 )
The iteration stops when the reduction factor χ converges. Page 30
For the upper flange and lip :

Iteration χd be2 ceff Initial values (iteration 0) :
1 0.519 29.543 18.050 χd1 = 0.519
2 0.491 36.331 18.050 be12 = 29.543 mm
3 0.489 36.867 18.050 ceff1 = 18.050 mm
4 0.489 36.905 18.050
6 0.489 36.908 18.050 χd1 = χd1,n = 0.489
7 0.489 36.908 18.050 be12 =be12,n = 36.908 mm
CALCULATION
8 0.489 36.908 18.050 ceff1 = ceff1,n = 18.050 mm
9 0.489 36.908 18.050
10 0.489 36.908 18.050
For the bottom flange and lip :

1 0.519 29.543 18.050 χd2 = 0.519
2 0.491 36.331 18.050 be22 = 29.543 mm
3 0.489 36.867 18.050 ceff2 = 18.050 mm
4 0.489 36.905 18.050
6 0.489 36.908 18.050 χd2 = χd2,n = 0.489
7 0.489 36.908 18.050 be22 =be22,n = 36.908 mm
8 0.489 36.908 18.050 ceff2 = ceff2,n = 18.050 mm
9 0.489 36.908 18.050
10 0.489 36.908 18.050
χd1 = 0.489
be12 = 36.908 mm
ceff1 = 18.050 mm BS EN 1993-1-3
be11 = 29.543 mm Page 31

tred = t . χd = 0.911 mm
χd2 = 0.489
be22 = 36.908 mm
ceff2 = 18.050 mm
be21 = 29.543 mm BS EN 1993-1-3
tred = t . χd = 0.911 mm Page 31

The stress ratio : (uniform comression)
ψ = 1
CALCULATION
The buckling factor : (for internal compression element) BS EN 1993-1-5
kσ = 4 Page 17
(λ" = 2.631215289
"
) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ)=(ℎ_𝑝/𝑡)/( BS EN 1993-1-5
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝜌=((λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ) = 0.348275738
−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ) 〗 ^2
The effective width of the web is : BS EN 1993-1-5
heff = ρ . hp = 70.03825084 mm Page 17

he1 = he2 = 0,4 . heff = 28.01530034 mm

Aeff = 2[t [be11+be21+he1+he2+(be12 + ceff1)χd1+ = 628.9959705 mm2
(be22 + ceff2)χd2]
CALCULATION
(2(𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 𝜒_𝑑2 (ℎ_𝑝−𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2)+ℎ_𝑝 (𝑏_𝑒22 〖 𝜒〗 _𝑑2+𝑏_𝑒21 )+ℎ_𝑒2 (ℎ_𝑝−ℎ_𝑒2/2)+)/𝐴_𝑒𝑓𝑓

ZG1 =
+((ℎ_𝑒1^2)/2+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2 〖 𝜒〗 _𝑑1)/2]))/𝐴_𝑒𝑓𝑓
= 100.55 mm

ZG2 = hp - ZG1 = 100.55 mm

𝐼_(𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑦)=2[(ℎ_𝑒1^3 𝑡)/12+(ℎ_𝑒2^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑒11 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑒21 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑒12 (𝜒_𝑑1 𝑡)^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑒22 (𝜒_𝑑2 𝑡)^3)/
(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3 (𝜒_𝑑2 𝑡))/12+𝑏_𝑒12 (𝜒_𝑑1 𝑡) 〖𝑧 _𝐺1 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑒22 (𝜒_𝑑2 𝑡)

〖𝑧 _𝐺2 〗 ^2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 (𝜒_𝑑1 𝑡) (𝑧_𝐺1−𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2)^2+
𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 (𝜒_𝑑2 𝑡) (𝑧_𝐺2−𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2)^2+𝑏_𝑒11 (𝑡) 〖𝑧 _𝐺1 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑒21 (𝑡) 〖𝑧 _𝐺2 〗 ^2+ℎ_𝑒1 (𝑡) (𝑧_𝐺1−ℎ_𝑒1/2)^2]
ℎ_𝑒2 (𝑡) (𝑧_𝐺2−ℎ_𝑒2/2)^2]

Ieef,y = 5713972.871 mm4
Weff,y,c = Ieef,y = 56827.17923 mm3
zc

CALCULATION
Weff,y,t = Ieef,y = 56827.17923 mm3
zt

CALCULATION
BASIC DATA
Total width of edge fold c = 27.5 mm
(2% tnom)


CALCULATION

are satisfied :
b/t ≤ 60 b1/t = 40.816327 ≤ 60 OK
c/t ≤ 50 c/t = 11.692177 ≤ 50 OK
h/t ≤ 500 h/t = 127.55102 ≤ 500 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b1 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b2 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 OK
r/t ≤ 5 r/t = 2.1259 ≤ 5 OK
r/bp ≤ 0.1 r/bp1 = 0.0521 ≤ 0 OK
r/bp2 = 0.0521 ≤ 0 OK

Gross section area :
;

CALCULATION
Z1 = 2 ([cp x (hp - c / 2) + bp2 h + hp2 / 2 + cp2 / 2] x t) = 148.8 mm

Abr
Z2 = hp - z1 = 148.8 mm
Y1 = t[cp(bp1+bp1)+cp(bp2+bp2)+bp1(bp1+bp1/2)+bp2
(bp2+bp2/2)+hp1(bp1)+hp2(bp2)+bp1(bp1/2)+bp2
(bp2/2)] = 93.6 mm
Abr
Y2 = (bp1+bp1) - Y1 = 93.6 mm

𝐼_𝑦=2[(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑝2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑝1 𝑡^3)/12+(ℎ_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+𝑐_𝑝 𝑡(𝑍_1−𝑐_𝑝/2)^2+𝑐_𝑝 〖𝑡 (𝑍_2−𝑐_𝑝
𝑏_𝑝1 〖𝑡 (𝑍_1 ) 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑝2 〖𝑡 (𝑍_2 ) 〗 ^2+ℎ_𝑝1 〖𝑡 (𝑍_2 ) 〗 ^2]
Iy = 34397130.4422 mm4
W,y1 = Iy = 367490.709853 mm3
z1
W,y2 = Iy = 367490.709853 mm3
z2
𝐼_𝑧=2[(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑝2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑝1 𝑡^3)/12+
𝑐_𝑝 〖𝑡 (𝑌_1 ) 〗 ^2+𝑐_𝑝 〖𝑡 (𝑌_1 ) 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑝1 〖𝑡 (𝑌_1/2) 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑝2 〖𝑡 (𝑌_1/2) 〗 ^
Iz = 4111096.68934 mm4
W,z1 = Iz = 43921.9731767 mm3
Y1
W,z2 = Iz = 43921.9731767 mm3
Y2

CALCULATION

CALCULATION
Preapred by : Irwandra Septiadi, MT Date :
CALCULATION
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)

CALCULATION
are satisfied :
b/t ≤ 60 b1/t = 40.816 ≤ 60 OK
c/t ≤ 50 c/t = 11.692 ≤ 50 OK
h/t ≤ 500 h/t = 127.55 ≤ 500 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b1 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.2865 ≤ 0.6 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b2 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.2865 ≤ 0.6 OK
r/t ≤ 5 r/t = 2.1259 ≤ 5 OK
r/bp ≤ 0.1 r/bp1 = 0.0521 ≤ 0.1 OK
r/bp2 = 0.0521 ≤ 0.1 OK

zb1 = 2 [cp x (hp - c / 2) + bp2 h + hp2 / 2 + cp2 / 2] x t = 148.8 mm
Abr
zb2 = hp - zb1 = 148.8 mm


Step 1 :
CALCULATION

The buckling factor kσ = 4
ε= √235/fyb = 0.722649446
(λ" = 0.969532834
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1)>0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓) >
0.9695 0.53 OK
so, 𝜌1=((λ" = 0.80
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1)−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1) 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏1)≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
0.9695𝜓) ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌1 = 1.00
So, the factor is : 𝜌1 = 0.797380516
beff1 = ρ1 . bp1 = 74.63481631 mm
be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff1 = 37.31740815 mm
For the bottom flange :
ε= √235/fyb = 0.722649446
(λ" = 0.969532834
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2)>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.9695 > 0.53 OK
so, 𝜌2=((λ" = 0.80
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2)−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2) 〗 ^2
CALCULATION
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏2)≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.9695 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌2 = 1.00
So, the factor is : 𝜌2 = 0.79738
beff2 = ρ2 . Bp2 = 74.63481631 mm
be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff2 = 37.31740815 mm

if bp,c / bp1 ≤ 0.35
0.281 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ1 = 0.5
if 0.35 < bp,c / bp1 ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6 0
so, 𝑘_𝜎1=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐1)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝1−0,35 〗 )^2 )= 0.639652658
So, the factor is : kσ1 = 0.5

(λ" " = 0.770526207
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(2
8,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎1 ))
(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1)>0,748
if,
0.7705 > 0.748 OK
𝜌1=((λ"
so, = 0.98
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1)−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1) 〗 ^2
(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐1)≤0,748
if,
0.7705 ≤ 0.748 NO
so, 𝜌1 = 1.00
So, the factor is : 𝜌1 = 0.981161818
ceff1 = ρ1 . cp = 25.80455582 mm
CALCULATION
As1 = t (be12 + ceff1) = 148.4628593 mm
if bp,c / bp2 ≤ 0.35
0.281 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ2 = 0.5
if 0.35 < bp,c / bp2 ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6 0
so, 𝑘_𝜎2=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝2−0,35 〗 )^2 ) = 0.639652658
So, the factor is : kσ2 kσ2 = 0.5

(λ" " = 0.770526207
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(2
8,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎2 ))
(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2)>0,748
if,
0.7705 > 0.748 OK
𝜌2=((λ"
so, = 0.98
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2)−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2) 〗 ^2
(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐2)≤0,748
if,
0.7705 ≤ 0.748 NO
so, 𝜌2 = 1.00
So, the factor is : 𝜌2 = 0.981161818
ceff2 = ρ2 . cp = 25.80455582 mm
As2 = t (be22 + ceff2) = 148.4628593 mm
Step 2 :
Use the initial effective crosssection of the stiffener to determine
the reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring
restraint.
CALCULATION
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠
where :
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
with :
b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2 = 82.56906193 mm
(be12 + ceff1) t
b2 = bp2 - be22 t be22 / 2 = 82.56906193 mm
(be22 + ceff2) t
kf = As2/As1 = for a member in axial compression = 1
K1 = 0.208144476 N/mm

𝐼_𝑠1=(𝑏_𝑒12 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒12.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+
〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is1 = 9381.321 mm4
σcr,s1 = 272.7949167 N/mm2
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠
where :
𝐾2=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
CALCULATION
with :
b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 = 82.56906193 mm
(be2 + ceff) t
b2 = bp2 - be22 t be22 / 2 = 82.56906193 mm
(be22 + ceff2) t
kf2 = As1/As2 = for a member in axial compression = 1
K2 = 0.208144476 N/mm

𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
.𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−
(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2 2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is2 = 9381.321 mm4
σcr,s2 = 272.7949167 N/mm2

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑1=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_( = 1.284363989
𝑐𝑟,𝑠1) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.2844 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38

) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.28436 < 1.38 OK
𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
so, = 0.541404836
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.2844 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.513873019
CALCULATION

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑2=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_( = 1.284363989
𝑐𝑟,𝑠2) )

if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.2844 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.28436 < 1.38 OK
so,𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.541404836
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.2844 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.513873019
Step 3 :
using:
(𝜎" " ) ̅_(𝑐𝑜𝑚,𝐸𝑑,𝑖)= 〖𝜒 _𝑑 and(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑟𝑒𝑑)=(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝
𝑓_𝑦𝑏 〗∕𝛾 _𝑀0 √(𝜒_𝑑 )

1 0.541 37.317 25.805 χd1 = 0.541
2 0.527 45.372 26.300 be12 = 37.317 mm
3 0.526 45.721 26.300 ceff1 = 25.805 mm
4 0.526 45.742 26.300
6 0.526 45.743 26.300 χd1 = χd1,n = 0.526
7 0.526 45.743 26.300 be12 =be12,n = 45.743 mm
CALCULATION
8 0.526 45.743 26.300 ceff1 = ceff1,n = 26.300 mm
9 0.526 45.743 26.300
10 0.526 45.743 26.300

1 0.541 37.317 25.805 χd2 = 0.541
2 0.527 45.372 26.300 be22 = 37.317 mm
3 0.526 45.721 26.300 ceff2 = 25.805 mm
4 0.526 45.742 26.300
6 0.526 45.743 26.300 χd2 = χd2,n = 0.526
7 0.526 45.743 26.300 be22 =be22,n = 45.743 mm
8 0.526 45.743 26.300 ceff2 = ceff2,n = 26.300 mm
9 0.526 45.743 26.300
10 0.526 45.743 26.300
χd1 = 0.526
be12 = 45.743 mm
ceff1 = 26.300 mm
be11 = 37.317 mm
tred = t . χd = 1.236 mm
CALCULATION
χd2 = 0.526
be22 = 45.743 mm
ceff2 = 26.300 mm
be21 = 37.317 mm
tred = t . χd = 1.236 mm

The stress ratio : (uniform comression)
ψ = 1
The buckling factor : (for internal compression element)
kσ = 4
(λ" = 3.082617216
"
) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ)=(ℎ_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝜌=((λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ) = 0.301247936
−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ) 〗 ^2
heff = ρ . hp = 89.6513857 mm
he1 = he2 = 0,4 . heff = 35.86055428 mm

Aeff = 2[t [be11+be21+he1+he2+(be12 + ceff1)χd1+ = 1044.680558 mm2
(be22 + ceff2)χd2]
(2(𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 𝜒_𝑑2 (ℎ_𝑝−𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2)+ℎ_𝑝 (𝑏_𝑒22 〖 𝜒〗 _𝑑2+𝑏_𝑒21 )+ℎ_𝑒2 (ℎ_𝑝−ℎ_𝑒2/2)+)/𝐴_𝑒𝑓𝑓

ZG1 =
+((ℎ_𝑒1^2)/2+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2 〖 𝜒〗 _𝑑1)/2]))/𝐴_𝑒𝑓𝑓
= 148.8 mm

CALCULATION
ZG2 = hp - ZG1 = 148.8 mm

𝐼_(𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑦)=2[(ℎ_𝑒1^3 𝑡)/12+(ℎ_𝑒2^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑒11 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑒21 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑒12 (𝜒_𝑑1 𝑡)^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑒22 (𝜒_𝑑2 𝑡)^3)/
(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3 (𝜒_𝑑2 𝑡))/12+𝑏_𝑒12 (𝜒_𝑑1 𝑡) 〖𝑧 _𝐺1 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑒22 (𝜒_𝑑2 𝑡)

〖𝑧 _𝐺2 〗 ^2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 (𝜒_𝑑1 𝑡) (𝑧_𝐺1−𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2)^2+
𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 (𝜒_𝑑2 𝑡) (𝑧_𝐺2−𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2)^2+𝑏_𝑒11 (𝑡) 〖𝑧 _𝐺1 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑒21 (𝑡) 〖𝑧 _𝐺2 〗 ^2+ℎ_𝑒1 (𝑡) (𝑧_𝐺1−ℎ_𝑒1/2)^2]
ℎ_𝑒2 (𝑡) (𝑧_𝐺2−ℎ_𝑒2/2)^2]
Ieef,y = 20996355.62 mm4
Weff,y,c = Ieef,y = 141104.5405 mm3
zc
Weff,y,t = Ieef,y = 141104.5405 mm3
zt
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(𝜒_𝑑1 𝑡)^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑒22 (𝜒_𝑑2 𝑡)^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3 (𝜒_𝑑1 𝑡))/12+
𝑒1 (𝑡) (𝑧_𝐺1−ℎ_𝑒1/2)^2]
CALCULATION
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)

CALCULATION
are satisfied :
b/t ≤ 60 b1/t = 40.81633 ≤ 60 OK
c/t ≤ 50 c/t = 11.69218 ≤ 50 OK
h/t ≤ 500 h/t = 127.551 ≤ 500 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b1 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 OK
0.2 ≤ c/b2 ≤ 0.6
0.2 ≤ 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 OK
r/t ≤ 5 r/t = 2.1259 ≤ 5 OK
r/bp ≤ 0.1 r/bp1 = 0.0521 ≤ 0 OK
r/bp2 = 0.0521 ≤ 0 OK

zb1 = 2 ([cp x (hp - c / 2) + bp2 h + hp2 / 2 + cp2 / 2] x t) = 148.8 mm
Abr
zb2 = hp - zb1 = 148.8 mm

CALCULATION
Step 1 :

ε= √235/fyb = 0.72264945
(λ" = 0.96953283
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)>0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓) >
0.9695 0.53 OK
so,
𝜌=((λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) = 0.80
−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) 〗 ^2
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
0.9695𝜓) ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
beff = ρ . bp1 = 74.6348163 mm
be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff = 37.3174082 mm
if bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.35
0.281 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ = 0.5
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
CALCULATION
0.35 < 0.280983 ≤ 0.6 0
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, = 0.63965266

(λ" = 0.77052621
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
if,(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)>0,748
0.7705 > 0.748 OK
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = 0.98
" ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐) 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)≤0,748

0.7705 ≤ 0.748 NO
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
ceff = ρ . cp = 25.8045558 mm
As = t (be2 + ceff) = 148.462859 mm
Step 2 :
Use the initial effective crosssection of the stiffener to determine the
reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring restraint.
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠
where :
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
CALCULATION
with :
b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 = 82.5690619 mm

(be2 + ceff) t

K = 0.28961323 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
.𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−
(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is = 9381.321 mm4
σcr,s = 321.782946 N/mm2
(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 = 1.18256425
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.1826 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.182564 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.61500605
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.1826 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.55810921
CALCULATION
Step 3 :
using:
(𝜎" " ) ̅_(𝑐𝑜𝑚,𝐸𝑑,𝑖)= 〖𝜒 _𝑑 and (λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑟𝑒𝑑)=(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝
𝑓_𝑦𝑏 〗∕𝛾 _𝑀0 √(𝜒_𝑑 )

1 0.622 37.317 26.300 χd = 0.615
2 0.606 43.591 26.300 be2 = 37.317 mm
3 0.605 43.934 26.300 ceff = 25.805 mm
4 0.605 43.951 26.300
6 0.605 43.952 26.300 χd = χd,n = 0.605
7 0.605 43.952 26.300 be2 =be2,n = 43.952 mm
8 0.605 43.952 26.300 ceff = ceff,n = 26.300 mm
9 0.605 43.952 26.300
10 0.605 43.952 26.300 `
χd = 0.605
be2 = 43.952 mm
ceff = 26.300 mm
be1 = 37.317 mm
tred = t . χd = 1.423 mm

The position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression :
ℎ_𝑐=(𝑐_𝑝 (ℎ_𝑝−𝑐_𝑝∕2)+𝑏_𝑝2 ℎ_𝑝+ℎ_𝑝^2∕2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2 𝜒_𝑑∕2)/(𝑐_𝑝+𝑏_𝑝2+ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_𝑒1+(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓
= 160.51479 mm ) 𝜒_𝑑 )
CALCULATION
The stress ratio :
ψ = hc - hp = -0.85403475
hc
The buckling factor :
kσ = 7,81 - 6,29 ψ + 9,78 ψ ² = 20.3151696
(λ" = 1.36785282
"
) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ)=(ℎ_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝜌=((λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ) = 0.66799064
−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_(𝑝,ℎ) 〗 ^2
The effective width of the zone in compression of the web is :
heff = ρ . hc = 107.222377 mm

he1 = 0,4 . heff = 42.8889509 mm
Near the neutral axis :
he2 = 0,6 . heff = 64.3334263 mm
h1 = he1 = 42.8889509 mm
Near the flange in tension :
h2 = hp - (hc - he2) = 201.418636 mm

Aeff = 2 (t [cp + bp2 + h1 + h2 + be1 + (be2 + ceff) χd) = 2088.74496 mm2

Zc = 2(t [cp(hp-cp/2)+bp2 hp+h2(hp-h2/2)+h1²/2+ceff² χd/2]]) = 171.434007 mm
Aeff
CALCULATION
zt = hp - zc = 126.165993 mm

𝐼_(𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑦)=2[(ℎ_1^3 𝑡)/12+(ℎ_2^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑝2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑝^3 𝑡)/12+(𝑏_𝑒1 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑏_𝑒2 (𝜒_𝑑 𝑡)^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^
+𝑏_𝑝2 〖〖 𝑡 𝑧〗 _𝑡 〗 ^2+ℎ_2 𝑡(𝑧_𝑡−ℎ_2/2)^2+ℎ_1 𝑡(𝑧_𝑐−ℎ_1/2)^2+𝑏_𝑒1

𝑡 〖𝑧 _𝑒 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑒2 (𝜒_𝑑 𝑡) 〖𝑧 _𝑐 〗 ^2+
+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 (𝜒_𝑑 𝑡) (𝑧_𝑐−𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2)^2]
Ieef,y = 27136806.1 mm4

Weff,y,c = Ieef,y = 158293.017 mm3
zc
Weff,y,t = Ieef,y = 215088.118 mm3
zt
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BS EN 1993-1-1
Page 17
BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 12
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BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 21
BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 18
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BS EN 1993-1-5
Page 17
BS EN 1993-1-5
Page 15
BS EN 1993-1-5
Page 17
BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 29
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BS EN 1993-1-5
Page 15
BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 29
BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 29
BS EN 1993-1-3
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Page 27
BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 27
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BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 30
𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) 𝜒_𝑑 )
BS EN 1993-1-3
Page 31
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BS EN 1993-1-5
Page 17
BS EN 1993-1-5
Page 15
BS EN 1993-1-5
Page 17
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2+(𝑏_𝑒2 (𝜒_𝑑 𝑡)^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 (𝜒_𝑑 𝑡))/12+ 〖𝑐 _𝑝 𝑡(𝑧_𝑡−𝑐_𝑝/2) 〗 ^2+

tera, Indonesia
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old-fomed lipped
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CALCULATION
Basic Data
For Bolt :
Bolt diameter d =
dh
Diameter of hole do =
Stress Area As =
Type of bolt =
Location =
Strength grades =
Design strength fyb =
Ultimate design strength fub =
Modulus Elasticity E =
Partially safety factor γM2 =
For Gusset Plate :

Width of gusset plate hg =
Length of gusset plate Lg =
Thickness tg =
Design strength 326 fyg =
Ultimate design strength 476 fug =
Range of Validity
Distance of Bolt :
The end distance e1 =
The edge distance e2 =
Spacing inline direction p1 =
Spacing measured perpendicular p2 =
Check Distance of Bolt :
e1 min 1.2 d0 ≤ e1 e1 miax ≤ max ( 8 tg , 125 )

e2 min 1.2 d0 ≤ e2 e2 max ≤ max ( 8 tg , 125 )
p1 min 2.2 d0 ≤ p1 p1 miax ≤ max ( 14 tg , 200 )
e1 min 15.6 < e1 25 < e1 miax

e2 min 15.6 < e2 25 < e2 max
p1 min 28.6 < p1 250 > p1 miax
p2 min 28.6 < p2 153 < p2 miax
Tension Resistance
k2 = Countersunk Bolt 0.63

Otherwise Bolt 0.9
Type of bolt : (see Basic Data)

Countersunk Bolt k2 =
Ft,Rd = k2 fub As / gM2
Shear Resistance
aV = Stranges Grade
4.6 , 5.6 , 8.8 0.6
4.8 , 5.8 , 6.8 , 10.9 0.5
Grade of bolt : (see Basic Data)

8.8 =
FV,Rd = aV fub As / gM2 =
Bearing Resistance
Calculate ad
where :
ad = End bolts e1 / ( 3d0 ) 0.64103
Inner bolts p1 / ( 3d0 ) - 1 / 4 6.16026
Location : (see Basic Data)

End Bolt ad =
so :
ab = min of ad 0.64103 =
or
fubolt / fug 1.68067
or
1
Calculate k1
k1 = End bolts 2.8 e2 / d0 - 1.7 £ 2.5 2.5
Inner bolts 1.4 p2 / d0 - 1.7 £ 2.5 2.5

End Bolt k1 = =
Bearing Resistance
Fb,Rd = k1 ab fug dbolt tg / ( gM2 ) =
Summary (1 bolt)
Bolts loaded in tension
Ft,Rd =
Bolts loaded in shear

Bearing resistance Shear resistance
Fb,Rd FV,Rd
73.231 32.371
FS,Rd = min of Fb,Rd ; FV,Rd =

Check Distance of Bolt (see Range of Validity) 1
ON
dimensi GUSSET PLATE disesuaikan dengan dim
For Beam :
12 mm Profil Name
1 mm Total height
13 mm Total width of flange in compression
84.3 mm2 Total width of flange in tension
Countersunk Bolt Total width of edge fold
End Bolt Internal radius
8.8 Nominal thickness
640 N/mm2 Steel core thickness
800 N/mm2
210000 N/mm2 For Column :
1.25 Profil Name
Total height
Total width of flange in compression
- mm Total width of flange in tension
- mm Total width of edge fold
10 mm Internal radius
326 N/mm2 328.3 275 Nominal thickness
476 N/mm2 427.9 430 Steel core thickness
25 mm 50
25 mm 50
250 mm
153 mm
max ( 8 tg , 125 )
max ( 8 tg , 125 )
max ( 14 tg , 200 )
max ( 14 tg , 200 )
125 OK
125 OK
200 NO
200 OK
0.63
k2 fub As
33.98976 Kn 0.63 800 84.3
0.6
32.3712 Kn k2 fub As
0.6 800 84.3
0.641025641025641
0.641025641025641
2.5
k1 ab fug
73.2307692307692 Kn 2.5 0.64102564103 476
33.98976
32.371
NO
isesuaikan dengan dimensi KOLOM dan BALOK yang dipakai
= C20019 d As
h = 203 mm mm mm2
compression b1 = 76 mm 12 84.3
b2 = 76 mm 16 157
c = 19 mm 20 245
r = 5 mm 24 353
tnom = 1.9 mm 30 561
t = 1.862 mm
Bolt class fyb
mPa
= C30024 4.6 240
h = 300 mm 4.8 320
compression b1 = 96 mm 5.6 300
b2 = 96 mm 5.8 400
c = 27.5 mm 6.8 480
r = 5 mm 8.8 640
tnom = 2.4 mm 10.9 900
t = 2.352 mm
Type of steel
Column section
Beam section
Beam section
Beam section
Hot-rolled gusset
gM2
1.25
gM2
1.25
dbolt tg gM2
12 10 1.25
Ft,Rd Fv,Rd 2 x Fv,Rd tmin
kN kN kN mm
48.6 27.5 55 4.3
90.4 60.3 121 6.3
141 94.1 188 7.8
203 136 271 9.4
323 215 431 11.6
fub av E
mPa kN/mm2
400 0.6 210
400 0.5 210
500 0.6 210
500 0.5 210
600 0.5 210
800 0.6 210
1000 0.5 210
Steel grade fyb fu E

DC250(C)TCS-250C 393 490.7 220.1
DC150 TCS-150 380 448.5 236.6
DC200 TCS-200 366.7 475 204.7 TCS
DC250 TCS-250 378.7 489.8 222.6
plates 6 TCS-P6 328.3 427.9 260.4
CALCULATION
Basic Data
For Bolt :
Bolt diameter d =
dh
Diameter of hole do =
Stress Area As =
Type of bolt =
Location =
Strength grades =
Design strength fyb =
Ultimate design strength fub =
Modulus Elasticity E =
Partially safety factor γM2 =
Number of the bolts at the cross section nc =
Total number of the bolts in the connection nt =
For Cold Formed Beam :
Profil Name =
Total height h =
Total width of flange in compression b1 =
Total width of flange in tension b2 =
Total width of edge fold c =
Internal radius r =
Nominal thickness tnom =
Steel core thickness t =
Design strength 550 fy =

Ultimate design strength 650 fu =
Number of the bolts at the cross section nc =
Net cross sectional area of the connected part

Agv = Dbeam . tbeam =
Anett = Agv - nc t d0 =
Range of Validity of Bolts

Distance of Bolt :
The end distance e1 =
The edge distance e2 =
Spacing inline direction p1 =
Spacing measured perpendicular p2 =
Minimum Bolt Size :

6 mm > 12
Strength Grades :
4.6 < 8.8 < 10.9
Minimum thickness :
0.75 ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
0.75 ≤ 1.862 ≤ 3 mm
Bolt Distance :
Distance
Range Used
e1 ≥ 1,0 do 25 ≥ 13
e2 ≥ 1,0 do 25 ≥ 13
p1 ≥ 3 do 250 ≥ 39
p2 ≥ 3 do 153 ≥ 39
Minimum Yield Strength :
fuc ≤ 550 N/mm2 650 ≤
Bolts Loaded in Tension

Tension resistance
Ft,Rd : 0.9 fubolt As / gM2 =
Bolts Loaded in Shear

Shear Resistance
aV = Stranges Grade
4.6 , 5.6 , 8.8 0.6
4.8 , 5.8 , 6.8 , 10.9 0.5

8.8 =
FV,Rd = aV fub As / gM2 =
Bearing Resistance
. Bearing resistance for t > 3 mm
Calculate ad
where :
ad = End bolts e1 / ( 3d0 ) 0.64103
Inner bolts p1 / ( 3d0 ) - 1 / 4 6.16026

End Bolt ad =
so :
ab = min ad 0.64103 =
or
fubolt / fug 1.23077
or
1
Calculate k1
k1 = End bolts 2.8 e2 / d0 - 1.7 £ 2.5 2.5
Inner bolt 1.4 p2 / d0 - 1.7 £ 2.5 2.5

End Bolt k1 = =
Bearing Resistance
Fb,Rd = k1 ab fug dbolt tbeam / ( gM2 ) =
. Bearing resistance for t < 3 mm
Calculate ad
ab = min of e1 / ( 3d0 ) 0.6410256 =

or
1
Calculate kt
0.75 mm ≤ t ≤ 1.25 mm t > 1.25
kt (0.8 tbeam + 1.5) / 2.5 = 1.208 1
Because tbeam = 1.9 < 1.25
so kt =
Bearing Resistance
Fb,Rd = 2.5 ab kt fu,beam dbolt tbeam / gM2 =
Summary of Bearing Resistance (1 bolt)
Because
tbeam = 1.9 < 3
So Fb,Rd =
Total bearing resistance Fb,Rd : nt . Fb,Rd,1 =
Net Section Resistance
r = nc / n t =
u = min of 2 e2 p2 =
50 153
Fn,Rd = min of
( 1 + 3 r ( do / u - 0.3 ) ) Anett fub / gM2 =
Anett fub / gM2 =
Fn,Rd =
Summary (1 bolt)
Ft,Rd =

Bearing resistance Shear resistance Net Section Resistance
Fb,Rd FV,Rd Fn,Rd
22.952 32.371 50.715
FS,Rd = min of Fb,Rd ; FV,Rd =

Check Distance of Bolt (see Range of Validity) 0
N
dimensi GUSSET PLATE disesuaikan dengan dime
For Beam :
12 mm Profil Name
1 mm Total height
13 mm Total width of flange in compression
84.3 mm2 Total width of flange in tension
Otherwise Bolt Total width of edge fold
End Bolt Internal radius
8.8 Nominal thickness
640 N/mm2 Steel core thickness
800 N/mm2
210000 N/mm2 For Column :
1.25 Profil Name
2 Total height
4 Total width of flange in compression
Total width of flange in tension
Total width of edge fold
Internal radius
C20019 Nominal thickness
203 mm Steel core thickness
76 mm
76 mm
19 mm
5 mm
1.9 mm Type of steel
1.862 mm Column section
Beam section
550 N/mm2 378.7 450 Beam section
650 N/mm2 489.8 450 Beam section
2 Hot-rolled gusset
201.1 mm2
151.7 mm2
25 mm 50
25 mm 50
250 mm
153 mm
OK
OK
Note
mm OK
mm OK
mm OK
mm OK
550 N/mm2
NO
fub As gM2
48.557 Kn 800 84.3 1.25
0.6 fub As gM2

800 84.3 1.25
32.3712 Kn
0.641025641025641
0.641025641025641
2.5
k1 ab fug
19 Kn 2.5 0.6410256 650
0.641
1.208
ab kt fu,beam
22.952 Kn 0.641 1.208 650
22.952 nt
91.808 4
0.5 nc nt
50 2.000 4.000
50.71488 Kn Anett fub gM2

53.952 Kn 84.3 800 1.25
50.71488 Kn
48.557
Net Section Resistance

Fn,Rd
50.715
22.952
OK
ATE disesuaikan dengan dimensi KOLOM dan BALOK yang dipakai
= C20019 d As
h = 203 mm mm mm2
e in compression b1 = 76 mm 12 84.3
e in tension b2 = 76 mm 16 157
c = 19 mm 20 245
r = 5 mm 24 353
tnom = 1.9 mm 30 561
t = 1.862 mm
Bolt class fyb
mPa
= C30024 4.6 240
h = 300 mm 4.8 320
e in compression b1 = 96 mm 5.6 300
e in tension b2 = 96 mm 5.8 400
c = 27.5 mm 6.8 480
r = 5 mm 8.8 640
tnom = 2.4 mm 10.9 900
t = 2.352 mm

DC250(C)TCS-250C 393 490.7 220.1
DC150 TCS-150 380 448.5 236.6
DC200 TCS-200 366.7 475 204.7 TCS
DC250 TCS-250 378.7 489.8 222.6
plates 6 TCS-P6 328.3 427.9 260.4
dbolt tbeam gM2
12 1.9 1.25
dbolt tbeam gM2

12 1.9 1.25
do
13
Ft,Rd Fv,Rd 2 x Fv,Rd tmin
kN kN kN mm
48.6 27.5 55 4.3
90.4 60.3 121 6.3
141 94.1 188 7.8
203 136 271 9.4
323 215 431 11.6
fub av E
mPa kN/mm2
400 0.6 210
400 0.5 210
500 0.6 210
500 0.5 210
600 0.5 210
800 0.6 210
1000 0.5 210
CALCULATION
Basic Data
For Bolt :
Bolt diameter d = 12
dh 1
Diameter of hole do = 13
Stress Area As = 84.3
Type of bolt = Countersunk Bolt
Location = End Bolt
Strength grades = 8.8
Design strength fyb = 640
Ultimate design strength fub = 800
Modulus Elasticity E = 210000
Partially safety factor γM2 = 1.25
For Flange Cleat :

Width of gusset plate hg = 100
Length of gusset plate Lg = 60
Thickness tg = 6
Design strength fyg = 326
Ultimate design strength fug = 476
Range of Validity
Distance of Bolt :
The end distance e1 = 25
The edge distance e2 = 25
Spacing inline direction p1 = 50
Spacing measured perpendicular p2 = 50
Check Distance of Bolt :
e1 min 1.2 d0 ≤ e1 e1 miax ≤ max ( 8 tg , 125 )

e2 min 1.2 d0 ≤ e2 e2 max ≤ max ( 8 tg , 125 )
e1 min 15.6 < e1 25 < e1 miax 125

e2 min 15.6 < e2 25 < e2 max 125
p1 min 28.6 < p1 50 < p1 miax 200
p2 min 28.6 < p2 50 < p2 miax 200
Tension Resistance
k2 = Countersunk Bolt 0.63

Otherwise Bolt 0.9
Type of bolt : (see Basic Data)

Countersunk Bolt k2 = 0.63
Ft,Rd = k2 fub As / gM2 33.98976
Shear Resistance
aV = Stranges Grade
4.6 , 5.6 , 8.8 0.6
4.8 , 5.8 , 6.8 , 10.9 0.5

8.8 = 0.6
FV,Rd = aV fub As / gM2 = 32.3712
Bearing Resistance
Calculate ad
where :
ad = End bolts e1 / ( 3d0 ) 0.64103
Inner bolts p1 / ( 3d0 ) - 1 / 4 1.03205

End Bolt ad = 0.641025641025641
so :
ab = min of ad 0.641025641 = 0.641025641025641
or
fubolt / fug 1.680672269
or
1
Calculate k1
k1 = End bolts 2.8 e2 / d0 - 1.7 £ 2.5 2.5
Inner bolt 1.4 p2 / d0 - 1.7 £ 2.5 2.5

End Bolt k1 = = 2.5
Bearing Resistance
Fb,Rd = k1 ab fug dbolt tg / ( gM2 ) = 43.9384615384615
Summary (1 bolt)
Ft,Rd = 33.98976

Bearing resistance Shear resistance
Fb,Rd FV,Rd
43.938 32.371
FS,Rd = min of Fb,Rd ; FV,Rd = 32.371

Check Distance of Bolt (see Range of Validity) 0 OK
dimensi GUSSET PLATE disesuaikan dengan dimensi KOLOM dan BALOK
For Beam :
mm Profil Name
mm Total height
mm Total width of flange in compression
mm2 Total width of flange in tension
Internal radius
Nominal thickness
N/mm2 Steel core thickness
N/mm2
N/mm2 For Column :
Profil Name
Total height
mm 152 Total width of flange in tension
mm 65 Total width of edge fold
mm Internal radius
N/mm2 328.3 275 Nominal thickness
N/mm2 427.9 430 Steel core thickness
mm
mm
mm
mm
OK
OK
OK
OK
k2 fub As gM2
Kn 0.63 800 84.3 1.25
Kn k2 fub As gM2
0.6 800 84.3 1.25
k1 ab fug dbolt tg gM2
Kn 2.5 0.6410256 476 12 6 1.25
si KOLOM dan BALOK yang dipakai
= C20019 d As Ft,Rd Fv,Rd 2 x Fv,Rd

h = 203 mm mm mm2 kN kN kN
b1 = 76 mm 12 84.3 48.6 27.5 55
b2 = 76 mm 16 157 90.4 60.3 121
c = 19 mm 20 245 141 94.1 188
r = 5 mm 24 353 203 136 271
tnom = 1.9 mm 30 561 323 215 431
t = 1.862 mm
mPa mPa kN/mm2
= C30024 4.6 240 400 0.6 210
h = 300 mm 4.8 320 400 0.5 210
b1 = 96 mm 5.6 300 500 0.6 210
b2 = 96 mm 5.8 400 500 0.5 210
c = 27.5 mm 6.8 480 600 0.5 210
r = 5 mm 8.8 640 800 0.6 210
tnom = 2.4 mm 10.9 900 1000 0.5 210
t = 2.352 mm
tmin
mm
4.3
6.3
7.8
9.4
11.6
BASIC DATA
Profil Name =
Total height h =
Basic yield strength fy =

fyb
Modulus of elasticity E =
Poisson's ration v =
Partial Factor γm0 =
Web heigt hp = h - tnom =

Width of flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom =
Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom =
Width of edge fold cp = c - tnom /2 =
Step 1 :
The Stress ratio (ψ) =
The buckling factor kσ =

ε= √235/fyb =
(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
=
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
=
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.96953 > 0.53 OK
𝜌=((λ"
so, =
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.96953 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 =
So, the factor is : 𝜌 =
beff = ρ . bp1 =
be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff =

ε= √235/fyb =
(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
=
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.96953 > 0.53 OK
so,
𝜌=((λ" =
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.96953 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 =
beff = ρ . bp1 =
be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff =

0.28098 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ =
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.2809829 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, =
So, the factor is : kσ =

(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 =
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.77053 > 0.748 OK
𝜌=((λ"
so, " =
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.77053 ≤ 0.748 NO
so, 𝜌 =
ceff = ρ . cp =
As = t (be2 + ceff) =

0.28098 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ =
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.2809829 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, =

(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 =
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.77053 > 0.748 OK
𝜌=((λ"
so, " =
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.77053 ≤ 0.748 NO
so, 𝜌 =
ceff = ρ . cp =
Step 2 :
b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2 =
(be12 + ceff1) t
b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2 =
(be22 + ceff2) t
kf = for bending about the y-y axis =
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K =
𝐼_𝑠1=(𝑏_𝑒12 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒12.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏
Is =
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠 σcr,s =

b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2 =
(be12 + ceff1) t
b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2 =
(be22 + ceff2) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K =
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2 2)/2(
Is =

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 =
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.28436 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd =
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.284364 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.28436 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
So, the factor is : χd =

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 =
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.28436 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd =
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.284364 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.28436 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
Step 3 :
Initial values (iteration 0) :
χd =
be2 =
ceff =
fybo =
Initial values
fyb = χd fyb
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0
𝑚
χd =
be2 =
ceff =
fybo =
Initial values
fyb = χd fyb
𝑚

Iteration No χd be2 ceff b1 (new) b1
0 0.5414 37.3174 25.8046 83.0603 96
1 0.5265 45.3716 26.3000
2 0.5256 45.7207 26.3000
3 0.5256 45.7416 26.3000
4 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
5 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
6 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
7 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
8 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
9 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
10 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000 <----- Final Iteration

0 0.5414 37.3174 25.8046 83.0603 96
1 0.5265 45.3716 26.3000
2 0.5256 45.7207 26.3000
3 0.5256 45.7416 26.3000
4 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
5 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
6 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
7 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
8 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
9 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000
10 0.5256 45.7429 26.3000 <----- Final Iteration
BASIC DATA
C30024 Profil Name
300 mm Total height h
96 mm Total width of flange in compression b1
96 mm Total width of flange in tension b2
27.5 mm Total width of edge fold c
2.4 mm Nominal thickness tnom
2.352 mm Steel core thickness t
(2% tnom)
450 N/mm² Basic yield strength fy
450 N/mm² fyb
210000 N/mm² Modulus of elasticity E
0.3 Poisson's ration v
1 Partial Factor γm0
297.6 mm Web heigt hp = h - tnom

93.6 mm Width of flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom
93.6 mm Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom
26.3 mm Width of edge fold cp = c - tnom /2
Step 1 :
1 The Stress ratio (ψ)
4 The buckling factor kσ

0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.96953283396 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.71338 > 0.53 OK
0.80 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.71338 ≤ 0.53 NO
1.00 so, 𝜌
0.79738051609 So, the factor is : 𝜌
74.6348163056 mm beff = ρ . bp1
37.3174081528 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.96953283396 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.71338 > 0.53 OK
0.80 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.71338 ≤ 0.53 NO
1.00 so, 𝜌
74.6348163056 mm beff = ρ . bp1
37.3174081528 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

0.28098 ≤ 0.35 OK
0.5 so, kσ
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
0.63965265774 so,
0.5 So, the factor is : kσ

0.7705262073 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.7705262073 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.56695 > 0.748 NO
0.98 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.56695 ≤ 0.748 OK
1.00 so, 𝜌
25.8045558214 mm ceff = ρ . cp
148.462859267 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

0.28098 ≤ 0.35 OK
0.5 so, kσ
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
0.63965265774 so,

0.7705262073 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.7705262073 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.56695 > 0.748 NO
0.98 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.56695 ≤ 0.748 OK
1.00 so, 𝜌
25.8045558214 mm ceff = ρ . cp
148.462859267 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
82.5690619274 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
82.5690619274 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
1 kf = for bending about the y-y axis
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
0.20814447631 N/mm K
+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒12.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝐼_𝑠1=(𝑏_𝑒12 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3
9381.321 mm4 Is
272.794916687 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠 σcr,s

82.5690619274 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
82.5690619274 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
0.20814447631 N/mm K
+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
9381.321 mm4 Is

(λ"
1.28436398872 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.30496 ≤ 0.655 NO
1 so, χd
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.30496 < 1.38 OK
0.54140483616 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.30496 ≥ 1.38 NO
0.51387301871 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
0.54140483616 So, the factor is : χd

(λ"
1.28436398872 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.30496 ≤ 0.655 NO
1 so, χd
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.30496 < 1.38 OK
0.54140483616 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.30496 ≥ 1.38 NO
0.51387301871 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
ues (iteration 0) : Initial values (iteration
0.54140483616 χd
37.3174081528 mm be2
25.8045558214 mm ceff
450 fybo
Initial values
243.63217627 fyb =
131.903638476 𝜎_𝑐𝑜 =
𝑚
0.54140483616 χd
37.3174081528 mm be2
25.8045558214 mm ceff
450 fybo
Initial values
243.63217627 fyb =
131.903638476 𝜎_𝑐𝑜 =
𝑚
BASIC DATA
perties are : The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are :
= C30024 Profil Name
= 300 mm Total height
= 96 mm Total width of flange in compression
= 96 mm Total width of flange in tension
= 27.5 mm Total width of edge fold
= 2.4 mm Nominal thickness
= 2.352 mm Steel core thickness
(2% tnom)
= 450 N/mm² Basic yield strength
243.63217627 N/mm²
= 210000 N/mm² Modulus of elasticity
= 0.3 Poisson's ration
= 1 Partial Factor
= 297.6 mm Web heigt hp = h - tnom

= 93.6 mm Width of flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom
= 93.6 mm Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom
= 26.3 mm Width of edge fold cp = c - tnom /2
Step 1 :
= 1 The Stress ratio
= 4 The buckling factor

= 0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 131.903638476
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.71338436495 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.7035 > 0.53 OK
= 0.97 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.7035 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
𝜌 = 0.96947856034 So, the factor is :
= 90.7431932478 mm beff = ρ . bp1
= 45.3715966239 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 131.903638476
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.71338436495 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.7035 > 0.53 OK
= 0.97 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.7035 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
𝜌 = 0.96947856034 So, the factor is :
= 90.7431932478 mm beff = ρ . bp1
= 45.3715966239 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

0.28098 ≤ 0.35
= 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965265774 so,
= 0.5 So, the factor is : kσ

= 0.7705262073 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 131.903638476
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.56695485683 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5591 > 0.748 NO
= 1.18 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5591 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
𝜌 = 1 So, the factor is :
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 168.571595259 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

0.28098 ≤ 0.35
= 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965265774 so,

= 0.7705262073 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 131.903638476
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.56695485683 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5591 > 0.748 NO
= 1.18 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5591 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 168.571595259 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.2387894426 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.2387894426 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
= 1 kf = for bending about the y-y axis
_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
= 0.22743997176 N/mm
𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗.𝑡)/12+
𝐼_𝑠1=(𝑏_𝑒12 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3 ^2 〖𝑏 _𝑒12.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2
= 10386.166 mm4
= 264.250776888 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠

= 79.2387894426 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.2387894426 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
= 0.22743997176 N/mm
𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗.𝑡)/12+
𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3 ^2 〖𝑏 _𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2
= 10386.166 mm4
= 264.250776888 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠

(λ"
= 1.30496276659 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.30619 ≤ 0.655
= 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.30619 < 1.38
= 0.52651191975 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.30619 ≥ 1.38
= 0.50576155649 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
= 0.52651191975 So, the factor is :

(λ"
= 1.30496276659 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.30619 ≤ 0.655
= 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.30619 < 1.38
= 0.52651191975 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.30619 ≥ 1.38
= 0.50576155649 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
= 0.52651191975 So, the factor is :
Step 3 :
= 0.52651191975
= 45.3715966239 mm
= 26.3 mm
= 450
Initial values
χd fyb 236.930363888 fyb
χd fyb / γM0 124.746660738 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
= 0.52651191975
= 45.3715966239 mm
= 26.3 mm
= 450
Initial values
χd fyb 236.930363888 fyb
χd fyb / γM0 124.746660738 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
aterial properties are : The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are
h = 300 mm Total height
b1 = 96 mm Total width of flange in compression
b2 = 96 mm Total width of flange in tension
c = 27.5 mm Total width of edge fold
tnom = 2.4 mm Nominal thickness
t = 2.352 mm Steel core thickness
(2% tnom)
fy = 450 N/mm² Basic yield strength
fyb 236.93 N/mm²
E = 210000 N/mm² Modulus of elasticity
v = 0.3 Poisson's ration
γm0 = 1 Partial Factor
hp = h - tnom = 297.6 mm Web heigt hp = h - tnom

bp1 = b1 - tnom = 93.6 mm Width of flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom
bp2 = b2 - tnom = 93.6 mm Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom
cp = c - tnom /2 = 26.3 mm Width of edge fold cp = c - tnom /2
Step 1 :
(ψ) = 1 The Stress ratio
kσ = 4 The buckling factor

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.747
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.7035 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70291 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.70291 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
𝜌 = 0.97694 So, the factor is :
= 91.4414 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7207 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.747
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.7035 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70291 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.70291 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4414 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7207 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,
actor is : kσ = 0.5 So, the factor is : kσ

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.747
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5591 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.55863 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.55863 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.393 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.747
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5591 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.55863 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.55863 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.393 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.0876 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.0876 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_
K = 0.22838 N/mm
of the stiffener : Is - is te effective second moment of area of the stiffener :
/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
𝐼_𝑠1=(𝑏_𝑒12 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3 .𝑡)/12+ ^2 _𝑒12.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4
ge stiffener is, so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is,
σcr,s = 263.756 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠

= 79.0876 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.0876 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22838 N/mm
/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.30619 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52563 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50529 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
χd = 0.52563 So, the factor is :

(λ"
= 1.30619 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52563 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50529 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.52563
be2 = 45.7207 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb 236.533 fyb
= χd fyb / γM0 124.328 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.52563
be2 = 45.7207 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.328 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 236.533 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.328
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70291 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4832 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7416 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.328
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70291 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4832 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7416 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.328
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.55863 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.55861 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.55861 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.442 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.328
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.55863 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.55861 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.55861 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.442 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.0786 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.0786 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22843 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 79.0786 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.0786 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22843 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52558 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52558 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.52558
be2 = 45.7416 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.303 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.52558
be2 = 45.7416 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.303 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 236.509 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.303
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4857 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.303
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4857 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.303
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.55861 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.303
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.55861 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 236.508 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 236.507 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 236.507 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 236.507 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 236.507 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.70288 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.70288 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.70288 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 91.4859 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.28098 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.28098 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.77053 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 124.302
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.5586 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.5586 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.19 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.5586 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 169.445 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 79.078 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 79.078 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.22844 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.30626 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.30626 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.30626 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
aterial properties are :
= C30024
h = 300 mm
b1 = 96 mm
b2 = 96 mm
c = 27.5 mm
tnom = 2.4 mm
t = 2.352 mm
(2% tnom)
fy = 450 N/mm²
fyb 236.507 N/mm²
E = 210000 N/mm²
v = 0.3
γm0 = 1
hp = h - tnom = 297.6 mm
bp1 = b1 - tnom = 93.6 mm
bp2 = b2 - tnom = 93.6 mm
cp = c - tnom /2 = 26.3 mm
(ψ) = 1
kσ = 4
= 0.72265
= 0.96953
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = 124.302
𝑚
= 0.70288
= 0.98
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 0.97741
= 91.4859 mm
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm
= 0.72265
= 0.96953
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = 124.302
𝑚
= 0.70288
= 0.98
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 0.97741
= 91.4859 mm
0,5 beff = 45.7429 mm
OK
kσ = 0.5
FALSE
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965
actor is : kσ = 0.5
= 0.77053
𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 124.302
= 0.5586
(λ" " = 1.19

𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 1
= 26.3 mm
= 169.445 mm
OK
kσ = 0.5
FALSE
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965
= 0.77053
𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 124.302
= 0.5586
(λ" " = 1.19

𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 1
= 26.3 mm
= 169.445 mm
= 79.078 mm
= 79.078 mm
= 1
_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.22844 N/mm
of the stiffener :
/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is = ### mm4
ge stiffener is,
σcr,s = 263.725 N/mm2
= 79.078 mm
= 79.078 mm
= 1
_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.22844 N/mm
of the stiffener :
/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2 2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is = ### mm4
ge stiffener is,
σcr,s = 263.725 N/mm2
= 1.30626
NO
χd = 1
OK
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557
NO
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526
χd = 0.52557
= 1.30626
NO
χd = 1
OK
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.52557
NO
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.50526
χd = 0.52557

χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb 236.507
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302

χd = 0.52557
be2 = 45.7429 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb 236.507
= χd fyb / γM0 124.302
BASIC DATA
Profil Name =
Total height h =

fyb
Step 1 :
ε= √235/fyb =
(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
=
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
=

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.96953 > 0.53 OK
so,
𝜌=((λ" =
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.96953 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 =
beff = ρ . bp1 =
be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff =

0.28098 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ =
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.280983 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, =

(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 =
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

(λ"
if, " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.27242 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" =
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
(λ"
if, " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.27242 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 =
ceff = ρ . cp =
Step 2 :
b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 =
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K =
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_
Is =

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 =
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.17258 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd =
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.172584 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.17258 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
Step 3 :
χd =
be2 =
ceff =
fybo =
Initial values
fyb = χd fyb
𝑚


0 0.6222 37.3174 26.3000 81.2694 96
1 0.6060 43.5908 26.3000
2 0.6052 43.9337 26.3000
3 0.6051 43.9511 26.3000
4 0.6051 43.9519 26.3000
5 0.6051 43.9520 26.3000
6 0.6051 43.9520 26.3000
7 0.6051 43.9520 26.3000
8 0.6051 43.9520 26.3000
9 0.6051 43.9520 26.3000
10 0.6051 43.9520 26.3000 <----- Final Iteration
BASIC DATA
C30024 Profil Name
(2% tnom)
450 N/mm² fyb
Step 1 :
0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.96953283396 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.76478 > 0.53 OK
0.80 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.76478 ≤ 0.53 NO
1.00 so, 𝜌
74.6348163056 mm beff = ρ . bp1
37.3174081528 mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff

0.28646 ≤ 0.35 OK
0.5 so, kσ
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
0.63965265774 so,

0.27242215313 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.27242215313 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.21489 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
1.14 so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.21489 ≤ 0.748 OK
1.00 so, 𝜌
1 So, the factor is : 𝜌
26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
149.628143975 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
82.6549694519 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓
0.28894622535 N/mm K
𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 〗 ^2
) ] 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_
9880.499 mm4 Is

(λ"
1.17258438244 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.19505 ≤ 0.655 NO
1 so, χd
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.19505 < 1.38 OK
0.62222149149 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.19505 ≥ 1.38 NO
0.56285927894 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
es (iteration 0) : Initial values (iterati
0.62222149149 χd
37.3174081528 mm be2
26.3 mm ceff
450 fybo
Initial values
279.999671172 fyb =
174.221813014 𝜎_𝑐𝑜 =
𝑚

BASIC DATA
perties are : The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are
(2% tnom)
279.999671172 N/mm²
= 1 Partial Factor
Step 1 :
= 0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 174.221813014
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.764777364 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.75473 > 0.53 OK
= 0.93 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.75473 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 0.93142738743 So, the factor is :
= 87.1816034639 mm beff = ρ . bp1
= 43.5908017319 mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff

0.28646 ≤ 0.35
= 0.5
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤
0.35 < 0.28646 ≤
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965265774 so,

= 0.27242215313 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 174.221813014
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.21488936617 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.21207 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
= 0.58 so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.21207 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 164.383165673 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 80.0062369543 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1
= 0.3105582109 N/mm
) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+
= 10284.224 mm4
= 315.093599946 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠

(λ"
= 1.19505107218 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.19618 ≤ 0.655
= 1
if 0.65 < (λ" " <
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.19618 <
= 0.60597807481 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.19618 ≥ 1.38
= 0.55227765186 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
= 0.60597807481 So, the factor is :
Step 3 :
= 0.60597807481
= 43.5908017319 mm
= 26.3 mm
= 450
Initial values
χd fyb 272.690133667
χd fyb / γM0 165.24424222
= 297.6 mm Web heigt

= 93.6 mm Width of flange in comression
= 93.6 mm Width of flange in tension
= 26.3 mm Width of edge fold
BASIC DATA
nd the material properties are : The dimensions of the cross-section and the material p
(2% tnom)
fyb 272.69 N/mm²
Step 1 :
= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 165.244
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.75473 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.75422 > 0.53
=((λ" = 0.94 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.75422 ≤ 0.53
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 87.8674 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 43.9337 mm be1 = be2 =

if bp,c / bpl ≤
OK 0.28646 ≤
so, kσ = 0.5
0.6 if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl
0.6 FALSE 0.35 < 0.28646
∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.27242 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 165.244
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.21207 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.21192 > 0.748
𝜌=((λ" "
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = 0.54
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.21192 ≤ 0.748
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 165.19 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.859 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
he y-y axis = 0 kf = for bending about the y-y axis
) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏
K = 0.31183 N/mm
nt of area of the stiffener : Is - is te effective second moment of area of the s
𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ### mm4
or the edge stiffener is, so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffen
=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠 σcr,s = 314.501 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_
e edge stiffener Thickness reduction factor χd for the edge stiffener

(λ"
= 1.19618 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.19623 ≤ 0.655
so, χd = 1
1.38 if 0.65 < (λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.38 OK 0.65 < 1.19623
𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.60516 so,
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.19623 ≥ 1.38
𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.55176 so,
Step 3 :
χd = 0.60516
be2 = 43.9337 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
fyb = χd fyb 272.324
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 164.8
𝑚
hp = h - tnom = 297.6 mm Web heigt

bp1 = b1 - tnom = 93.6 mm Width of flange in comression
bp2 = b2 - tnom = 93.6 mm Width of flange in tension
cp = c - tnom /2 = 26.3 mm Width of edge fold
BASIC DATA
-section and the material properties are : The dimensions of the cross-section and the m
(2% tnom)
fyb 272.324 N/mm²
Step 1 :
pressed flange Effective width of the compressed flange
= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 164.8
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.75422 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
+√(0,085−0,55𝜓 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
OK )
0.7542 >
𝜌=((λ" = 0.94
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 if, (λ"
+√(0,085−0,55 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
NO 𝜓)
0.7542 ≤
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 87.9021 mm beff =
0,5 beff = 43.9511 mm be1 = be2

0.35 if bp,c / bpl
0.35 OK 0.28646
so, kσ = 0.5
≤ 0.6 if 0.35 <
≤ 0.6 FALSE 0.35 <
=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.27242 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 164.8
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.21192 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
NO 0.21192 >
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = 0.53
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

OK 0.21192 ≤
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 165.23 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
be2 t be2 / 2 = 79.8515 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
be2 + ceff) t (be2 + ceff) t
ng about the y-y axis = 0 kf = for bending about the y-y a
)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_
K = 0.31189 N/mm
nd moment of area of the stiffener : Is - is te effective second moment of are
𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ### mm4
g stress for the edge stiffener is, so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the e
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠 σcr,s = 314.471 N/mm2
r χd for the edge stiffener Thickness reduction factor χd for the edge
(λ"
= 1.19623 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.19624 ≤
so, χd = 1
< 1.38 if 0.65 <
< 1.38 OK 0.65 <
𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.60512
if (λ" " ≥
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.19624 ≥
𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.55173
Step 3 :
χd = 0.60512
be2 = 43.9511 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 164.778
𝑚

BASIC DATA
the cross-section and the material properties are : The dimensions of the cross-section
e in compression b1 = 96 mm Total width of flange in compression
e in tension b2 = 96 mm Total width of flange in tension
(2% tnom)
fyb 272.305 N/mm²
Step 1 :
the compressed flange Effective width of the compressed
= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 164.778
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.7542 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
n factor is : The width reduction factor is :

if, (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085
0.53 OK )
0.75419
so,𝜌=((λ" = 0.94
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 if, (λ"
_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085
0.53 NO 𝜓)
0.75419
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
ρ . bp1 = 87.9039 mm beff =
= 0,5 beff = 43.9519 mm be1 =
the edge fold Effective width of the edge fold

≤ 0.35 if bp,c / bpl
≤ 0.35 OK 0.28646
so, kσ = 0.5
bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6 if 0.35
0.28646 ≤ 0.6 FALSE 0.35
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965

= 0.27242 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 164.778
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.21192 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

,748 if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.748 NO 0.21192
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = 0.53
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
,748 if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.748 OK 0.21192
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 26.3 mm ceff =
e edge stiffener : Effective area of the edge stiffener :
t (be2 + ceff) = 165.233 mm As =
Step 2 :
be2 t be2 / 2 = 79.8511 mm b1 = bp1 -
(be2 + ceff) t
for bending about the y-y axis = 0 kf =
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.31189 N/mm
ctive second moment of area of the stiffener : Is - is te effective second mom
.𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ### mm4
cal buckling stress for the edge stiffener is, so, the elastic critical buckling stress
ion factor χd for the edge stiffener Thickness reduction factor χd for
(λ"
= 1.19624 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
0.655 if (λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
0.655 NO 1.19624
so, χd = 1
(λ" " < 1.38 if 0.65
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 < 1.38 OK 0.65
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.60512
1.38 if (λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.38 NO 1.19624
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.55173
Step 3 :
χd = 0.60512
be2 = 43.9519 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 164.777
𝑚

comression bp1 = b1 - tnom = 93.6 mm Width of flange in comression
BASIC DATA
nsions of the cross-section and the material properties are : The dimensions of the cros
th of flange in compression b1 = 96 mm Total width of flange in com
th of flange in tension b2 = 96 mm Total width of flange in ten
th of edge fold c = 27.5 mm Total width of edge fold
e thickness t = 2.352 mm Steel core thickness
(2% tnom)
ld strength fy = 450 N/mm² Basic yield strength
fyb 272.304 N/mm²
of elasticity E = 210000 N/mm² Modulus of elasticity
Step 1 :
width of the compressed flange Effective width of the com
ling factor kσ = 4 The buckling factor
= 0.72265 ε=
ve slenderness : The relative slenderness :
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 164.777
𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
= 0.75419 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
h reduction factor is : The width reduction factor

(λ" if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
) > 0.53 OK
so,𝜌=((λ" = 0.94
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓) ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
tive width is : The effective width is :
ρ . bp1 = 87.904 mm beff
be2 = 0,5 beff = 43.952 mm be1
width of the edge fold Effective width of the edg

ling factor is : The buckling factor is :
≤ 0.35 if
≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ = 0.5
< bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6 if
< 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, = 0.63965

= 0.27242 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 164.777
𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) = 0.21192 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748 if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
> 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = 0.53
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748 if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
ρ . cp = 26.3 mm ceff
area of the edge stiffener : Effective area of the edge
t (be2 + ceff) = 165.233 mm As
Step 2 :
be2 t be2 / 2 = 79.8511 mm b1 =
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.31189 N/mm
is te effective second moment of area of the stiffener : Is -
+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ### mm4
astic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is, so, the elastic critical buck
ss reduction factor χd for the edge stiffener Thickness reduction fact

(λ"
= 1.19624 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
ction factor will be : The reduction factor will be
≤ 0.655 if
≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
< (λ" " < 1.38 if
) ̅_𝑑
< 1.19624 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.60512
≥ 1.38 if
≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.55173
Step 3 :
χd = 0.60512
be2 = 43.952 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 164.777
𝑚

flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom = 93.6 mm Width of flange in comress
flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom = 93.6 mm Width of flange in tension
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
Basic yield strength fy = 450 N/mm²
fyb 272.304 N/mm²

√235/fyb = 0.72265
(λ" = 0.96953
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
= 164.777
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" "
= 0.75419 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.75419 > 0.53 OK
so,𝜌=((λ" = 0.94
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.75419 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= ρ . bp1 = 87.904 mm
= be2 = 0,5 beff = 43.952 mm

bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.35
0.28646 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ = 0.5
0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, = 0.63965

(λ" = 0.27242
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 164.777
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" "
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) = 0.21192 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_

(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.21192 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = 0.53
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.21192 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= ρ . cp = 26.3 mm
= t (be2 + ceff) = 165.233 mm
bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 = 79.8511 mm

(be2 + ceff) t
for bending about the y-y axis = 0
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.31189 N/mm
is te effective second moment of area of the stiffener :
(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓
2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 )]〗
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 = 1.19624
𝑟,𝑠) )
(λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.19624 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.60512
(λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.55173

χd = 0.60512
be2 = 43.952 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 164.777
𝑚

BASIC DATA
Total height h = 300
Total width of flange in compression b1 = 96
Total width of flange in tension b2 = 96
Total width of edge fold c = 27.5
Nominal thickness tnom = 2.4
Steel core thickness t = 2.352
(2% tnom)
Basic yield strength fy = 450
fyb 272.304
Modulus of elasticity E = 210000
Step 1 :
ε= √235/fyb = 0.72265
(λ" = 0.96953
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
= 164.777
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.75419

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.75419 > 0.53 OK
so,𝜌=((λ" = 0.94
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.75419 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
beff = ρ . bp1 = 87.904
be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff = 43.952

0.28646 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ = 0.5
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, = 0.63965

(λ" = 0.27242
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 164.777
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) = 0.21192

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.21192 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = 0.53
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.21192 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
ceff = ρ . cp = 26.3
As = t (be2 + ceff) = 165.233
Step 2 :
b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 = 79.8511
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.31189
_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ###
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠 σcr,s = 314.469

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 = 1.19624
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.19624 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.60512
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.55173
Step 3 :
χd = 0.60512
be2 = 43.952
ceff = 26.3
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 164.777
𝑚
Web heigt hp = h - tnom = 297.6

Width of flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom = 93.6
Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom = 93.6
Width of edge fold cp = c - tnom /2 = 26.3
BASIC DATA
Profil Name =
mm Total height h =
mm Total width of flange in compression b1 =
mm Total width of flange in tension b2 =
mm Total width of edge fold c =
mm Nominal thickness tnom =
mm Steel core thickness t =
(2% tnom)
N/mm² Basic yield strength fy =
N/mm² fyb
N/mm² Modulus of elasticity E =
Step 1 :
ε= √235/fyb =
(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
=
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
=

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.75419 > 0.53 OK
so,𝜌=((λ" =
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.75419 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 =
mm beff = ρ . bp1 =
mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff =

0.28646 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ =
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, =

(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 =
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.21192 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" =
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.21192 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 =
mm ceff = ρ . cp =
mm As = t (be2 + ceff) =
Step 2 :
mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 =
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
N/mm K =
_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
mm4 Is =
N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠 σcr,s =

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 =
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd =
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.19624 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
Step 3 :
χd =
mm be2 =
mm ceff =
fybo =
Initial values
fyb = χd fyb
𝑚
mm Web heigt hp = h - tnom =

mm Width of flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom =
mm Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom =
mm Width of edge fold cp = c - tnom /2 =
BASIC DATA
C30024 Profil Name
(2% tnom)
272.304 N/mm² fyb
Step 1 :
0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
164.777 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.75419 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.75419 > 0.53 OK
0.94 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.75419 ≤ 0.53 NO
1.00 so, 𝜌
87.904 mm beff = ρ . bp1
43.952 mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff

0.28646 ≤ 0.35 OK
0.5 so, kσ
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28646 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
0.63965 so,

0.27242 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
164.777 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.21192 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.21192 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
0.53 so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.21192 ≤ 0.748 OK
1.00 so, 𝜌
165.233 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
79.8511 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
0.31189 N/mm K
〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
### mm4 Is

(λ"
1.19624 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≤ 0.655 NO
1 so, χd
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.19624 < 1.38 OK
0.60512 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≥ 1.38 NO
0.55173 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
ues (iteration 1) : Initial values (iteration 1) :
0.60512 χd
43.952 mm be2
26.3 mm ceff
450 fybo
Initial values
272.304 fyb =
164.777 𝜎_𝑐𝑜 =
𝑚

BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
272.304 N/mm²
= 1 Partial Factor
Step 1 :
= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 164.777
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.75419 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.75419 > 0.53 OK
= 0.94 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.75419 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 87.904 mm beff = ρ . bp1
= 43.952 mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff

0.28646 ≤ 0.35
= 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.28646 ≤ 0.6
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965 so,

= 0.27242 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 164.777
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.21192 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.21192 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
= 0.53 so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.21192 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 26.3 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 165.233 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 79.8511 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝
= 0.31189 N/mm
) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
= ### mm4
= 314.469 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠

(λ"
= 1.19624 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≤ 0.655
= 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.19624 < 1.38
= 0.60512 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.19624 ≥ 1.38
= 0.55173 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
= 0.60512 So, the factor is :
Step 3 :
= 0.60512
= 43.952 mm
= 26.3 mm
= 450
Initial values
χd fyb 272.304 fyb
χd fyb / γM0 164.777 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚

= C30024
h = 300 mm
b1 = 96 mm
b2 = 96 mm
c = 27.5 mm
tnom = 2.4 mm
t = 2.352 mm
(2% tnom)
fy = 450 N/mm²
fyb 272.304 N/mm²
E = 210000 N/mm²
v = 0.3
γm0 = 1
(ψ) = 1
kσ = 4
= 0.72265
= 0.96953
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = 164.777
𝑚
= 0.75419
= 0.94
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 0.93914
= 87.904 mm
0,5 beff = 43.952 mm
OK
kσ = 0.5
FALSE
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.63965
= 0.27242
𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 164.777
= 0.21192
"
−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = 0.53
𝑑 〗 ^2
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 1
= 26.3 mm
= 165.233 mm
= 79.8511 mm
= 0
^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.31189 N/mm
of the stiffener :
_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is = ### mm4
ge stiffener is,
σcr,s = 314.469 N/mm2
= 1.19624
NO
χd = 1
OK
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.60512
NO
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.55173
χd = 0.60512

χd = 0.60512
be2 = 43.952 mm
ceff = 26.3 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb 272.304
= χd fyb / γM0 164.777
hp = h - tnom = 297.6 mm
bp1 = b1 - tnom = 93.6 mm
bp2 = b2 - tnom = 93.6 mm
cp = c - tnom /2 = 26.3 mm
BASIC DATA
Profil Name =
Total height h =

fyb

Step 1 :

ε= √235/fyb =
(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
=
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
=
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.96953 > 0.53 OK
𝜌=((λ"
so, =
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.96953 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 =
beff = ρ . bp1 =
be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff =

ε= √235/fyb =
(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
=
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.96953 > 0.53 OK
so,
𝜌=((λ" =
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.96953 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 =
beff = ρ . bp1 =
be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff =

0.24359 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ =
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.2435897 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, =

(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 =
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.66798 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ"
so, " =
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.66798 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 =
ceff = ρ . cp =

0.24359 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ =
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.2435897 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, =

(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 =
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.66798 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ"
so, " =
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.66798 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 =
ceff = ρ . cp =
Step 2 :
b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2 =
(be12 + ceff1) t
b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2 =
(be22 + ceff2) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K =
𝐼_𝑠1=(𝑏_𝑒12 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒12.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏
Is =

b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2 =
(be12 + ceff1) t
b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2 =
(be22 + ceff2) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K =
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2 2)/2(
Is =

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 =
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.31495 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd =
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.3149483 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.31495 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 =
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.31495 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd =
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.3149483 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.31495 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
Step 3 :
χd =
be2 =
ceff =
fybo =
Initial values
fyb = χd fyb
𝑚
χd =
be2 =
ceff =
fybo =
Initial values
fyb = χd fyb
𝑚

0 0.5193 29.5429 18.0500 66.4510 76
1 0.4914 36.3314 18.0500
2 0.4895 36.8672 18.0500
3 0.4894 36.9052 18.0500
4 0.4893 36.9079 18.0500
5 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
6 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
7 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
8 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
9 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
10 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500 <----- Final Iteration

0 0.5193 29.5429 18.0500 66.4510 76
1 0.4914 36.3314 18.0500
2 0.4895 36.8672 18.0500
3 0.4894 36.9052 18.0500
4 0.4893 36.9079 18.0500
5 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
6 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
7 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
8 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
9 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500
10 0.4893 36.9081 18.0500 <----- Final Iteration
BASIC DATA
C20019 Profil Name
19 mm Total width of edge fold c
(2% tnom)
450 N/mm² fyb

Step 1 :

0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.96953283396 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.69866 > 0.53 OK
0.80 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.69866 ≤ 0.53 NO
1.00 so, 𝜌
59.085896242 mm beff = ρ . bp1
29.542948121 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.96953283396 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.69866 > 0.53 OK
0.80 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.69866 ≤ 0.53 NO
1.00 so, 𝜌
59.085896242 mm beff = ρ . bp1
29.542948121 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

0.24359 ≤ 0.35 OK
0.5 so, kσ
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
0.68638047698 so,

0.66798469682 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.66798469682 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.48136 > 0.748 NO
1.08 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.48136 ≤ 0.748 OK
1.00 so, 𝜌
88.6180694013 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

0.24359 ≤ 0.35 OK
0.5 so, kσ
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
0.68638047698 so,

0.66798469682 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.66798469682 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.48136 > 0.748 NO
1.08 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.48136 ≤ 0.748 OK
1.00 so, 𝜌
88.6180694013 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
64.9307236877 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
64.9307236877 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
0.24098323498 N/mm K
+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒12.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝐼_𝑠1=(𝑏_𝑒12 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3
2627.658 mm4 Is

64.9307236877 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
64.9307236877 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
0.24098323498 N/mm K
+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2627.658 mm4 Is

(λ"
1.31494826927 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.35348 ≤ 0.655 NO
1 so, χd
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.35348 < 1.38 OK
0.51929240132 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.35348 ≥ 1.38 NO
0.50192088573 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
1.31494826927 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.35348 ≤ 0.655 NO
1 so, χd
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.35348 < 1.38 OK
0.51929240132 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.35348 ≥ 1.38 NO
0.50192088573 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
0.51929240132 χd
29.542948121 mm be2
18.05 mm ceff
450 fybo
Initial values
233.681580594 fyb =
121.349069131 𝜎_𝑐𝑜 =
𝑚
0.51929240132 χd
29.542948121 mm be2
18.05 mm ceff
450 fybo
Initial values
233.681580594 fyb =
121.349069131 𝜎_𝑐𝑜 =
𝑚
BASIC DATA
= 19 mm Total width of edge fold
(2% tnom)
233.681580594 N/mm²
= 1 Partial Factor

Step 1 :

= 0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 121.349069131
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.69866422403 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67966 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.67966 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
𝜌 = 0.98060467298 So, the factor is :
= 72.6628062682 mm beff = ρ . bp1
= 36.3314031341 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 121.349069131
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.69866422403 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67966 > 0.53 OK
= 0.98 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.67966 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
𝜌 = 0.98060467298 So, the factor is :
= 72.6628062682 mm beff = ρ . bp1
= 36.3314031341 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

0.24359 ≤ 0.35
= 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638047698 so,

= 0.66798469682 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 121.349069131
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.48136276928 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46827 > 0.748 NO
= 1.27 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46827 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 101.258172636 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

0.24359 ≤ 0.35
= 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638047698 so,

= 0.66798469682 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 121.349069131
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.48136276928 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46827 > 0.748 NO
= 1.27 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46827 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 101.258172636 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 61.9637661257 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.9637661257 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
= 0.26677247128 N/mm
𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗.𝑡)/12+
𝐼_𝑠1=(𝑏_𝑒12 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^3 ^2 〖𝑏 _𝑒12.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2
= 2760.910 mm4
= 245.644025742 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠

= 61.9637661257 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.9637661257 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
= 0.26677247128 N/mm
𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗.𝑡)/12+
𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3 ^2 〖𝑏 _𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2
= 2760.910 mm4
= 245.644025742 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠

(λ"
= 1.35348408598 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.35617 ≤ 0.655
= 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.35617 < 1.38
= 0.49143100584 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.35617 ≥ 1.38
= 0.48763041017 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
= 0.49143100584 So, the factor is :

(λ"
= 1.35348408598 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.35617 ≤ 0.655
= 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.35617 < 1.38
= 0.49143100584 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.35617 ≥ 1.38
= 0.48763041017 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
= 0.49143100584 So, the factor is :
Step 3 :
= 0.49143100584
= 36.3314031341 mm
= 18.05 mm
= 450
Initial values
χd fyb 221.143952626 fyb
χd fyb / γM0 108.676995074 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
= 0.49143100584
= 36.3314031341 mm
= 18.05 mm
= 450
Initial values
χd fyb 221.143952626 fyb
χd fyb / γM0 108.676995074 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
c = 19 mm Total width of edge fold
(2% tnom)
fyb 221.144 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 108.677
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67966 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67832 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.67832 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.7344 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.8672 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 108.677
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67966 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67832 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.67832 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.7344 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.8672 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 108.677
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46827 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46735 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46735 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.256 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 108.677
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46827 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46735 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46735 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.256 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 61.7251 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7251 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26902 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 61.7251 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7251 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26902 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.35617 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35636 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35636 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48949 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35636 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48667 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.35617 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35636 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35636 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48949 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35636 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48667 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.48949
be2 = 36.8672 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.82 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.48949
be2 = 36.8672 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.82 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 220.271 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.82
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67832 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67823 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.67823 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8104 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9052 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.82
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67832 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67823 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.67823 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8104 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9052 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.82
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46735 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.327 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.82
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46735 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.327 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 61.7081 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7081 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26918 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 61.7081 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7081 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26918 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.35636 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48935 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.4866 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.35636 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48935 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.4866 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.48935
be2 = 36.9052 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.76 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.48935
be2 = 36.9052 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.76 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 220.209 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.76
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67823 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8158 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9079 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.76
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67823 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8158 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9079 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.76
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.76
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9079 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9079 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 220.205 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8161 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8161 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 220.205 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8162 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8162 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 220.205 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8162 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8162 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 220.205 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8162 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8162 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
fyb 220.205 N/mm²

Step 1 :

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8162 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be11 = be12 = 0,5 beff

= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.67822 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.67822 > 0.53 OK
= 1.00 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓)
0.67822 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 73.8162 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm be21 = be22 = 0,5 beff

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)

OK 0.24359 ≤ 0.35
kσ = 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
FALSE 0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.66798 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 107.756
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.46728 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.46728 > 0.748 NO
(λ" " = 1.28 𝜌=((λ"
so, "
𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.46728 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 102.332 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
Is = ### mm4

= 61.7069 mm b1 = bp1 - be12 t be12 / 2
(be12 + ceff1) t
= 61.7069 mm b2 = bp1 - be22 t be22 / 2
(be22 + ceff2) t
K = 0.26919 N/mm
𝐼_𝑠2=(𝑏_𝑒22 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^3
2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗〖𝑏
.𝑡)/12+ ^2_𝑒22.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
The
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
(λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑

(λ"
= 1.35637 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≤ 0.655
χd = 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
OK 0.65 < 1.35637 < 1.38
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.35637 ≥ 1.38
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
= C20019
h = 203 mm
b1 = 76 mm
b2 = 76 mm
c = 19 mm
tnom = 1.9 mm
t = 1.862 mm
(2% tnom)
fy = 450 N/mm²
fyb 220.205 N/mm²
E = 210000 N/mm²
v = 0.3
γm0 = 1
hp = h - tnom = 201.1 mm
bp1 = b1 - tnom = 74.1 mm
bp2 = b2 - tnom = 74.1 mm
cp = c - tnom /2 = 18.05 mm
(ψ) = 1
kσ = 4
= 0.72265
= 0.96953
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = 107.756
𝑚
= 0.67822
= 1.00
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 0.99617
= 73.8162 mm
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm
= 0.72265
= 0.96953
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = 107.756
𝑚
= 0.67822
= 1.00
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 0.99617
= 73.8162 mm
0,5 beff = 36.9081 mm
OK
kσ = 0.5
FALSE
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638
= 0.66798
𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 107.756
= 0.46728
(λ" " = 1.28

𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 1
= 18.05 mm
= 102.332 mm
OK
kσ = 0.5
FALSE
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638
= 0.66798
𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 107.756
= 0.46728
(λ" " = 1.28

𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 1
= 18.05 mm
= 102.332 mm
= 61.7069 mm
= 61.7069 mm
= 1
_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.26919 N/mm
of the stiffener :
/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓1.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒12+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓1 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is = ### mm4
ge stiffener is,
σcr,s = 244.6 N/mm2
= 61.7069 mm
= 61.7069 mm
= 1
_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.26919 N/mm
of the stiffener :
/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓2.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2 2)/2(𝑏_𝑒22+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓2 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is = ### mm4
ge stiffener is,
σcr,s = 244.6 N/mm2
= 1.35637
NO
χd = 1
OK
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934
NO
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659
χd = 0.48934
= 1.35637
NO
χd = 1
OK
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48934
NO
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.48659
χd = 0.48934

χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb 220.205
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756

χd = 0.48934
be2 = 36.9081 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb 220.205
= χd fyb / γM0 107.756
BASIC DATA
Profil Name =
Total height h =

fyb
Step 1 :
ε= √235/fyb =
(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
=
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
=

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.96953 > 0.53 OK
so,
𝜌=((λ" =
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.96953 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 =
beff = ρ . bp1 =
be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff =

0.24359 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ =
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.24359 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, =

(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 =
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

(λ"
if, " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.23617 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" =
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
(λ"
if, " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748
0.23617 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 =
ceff = ρ . cp =
Step 2 :
b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 =
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K =
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_
Is =

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 =
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.21367 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd =
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.213666 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.21367 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
Step 3 :
χd =
be2 =
ceff =
fybo =
Initial values
fyb = χd fyb
𝑚


0 0.5925 29.5429 18.0500 64.9351 76
1 0.5719 35.0102 18.0500
2 0.5707 35.3692 18.0500
3 0.5706 35.3908 18.0500
4 0.5706 35.3921 18.0500
5 0.5706 35.3921 18.0500
6 0.5706 35.3921 18.0500
7 0.5706 35.3921 18.0500
8 0.5706 35.3921 18.0500
9 0.5706 35.3921 18.0500
10 0.5706 35.3921 18.0500 <----- Final Iteration
BASIC DATA
C20019 Profil Name
(2% tnom)
450 N/mm² fyb
Step 1 :
0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.96953283396 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.7463 > 0.53 OK
0.80 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.7463 ≤ 0.53 NO
1.00 so, 𝜌
59.085896242 mm beff = ρ . bp1
29.542948121 mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff

0.25 ≤ 0.35 OK
0.5 so, kσ
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.25 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
0.68638047698 so,

0.23616825443 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
450 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.23616825443 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.18179 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
0.86 so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.18179 ≤ 0.748 OK
1.00 so, 𝜌
88.6180694013 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
64.9307236877 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓
0.33206618939 N/mm K
𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 〗 ^2
) ] 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_
2627.658 mm4 Is

(λ"
1.21366606999 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.24215 ≤ 0.655 NO
1 so, χd
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.24215 < 1.38 OK
0.5925194314 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.24215 ≥ 1.38 NO
0.54380691388 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
es (iteration 0) : Initial values (iterati
0.5925194314 χd
29.542948121 mm be2
18.05 mm ceff
450 fybo
Initial values
266.633744129 fyb =
157.985674462 𝜎_𝑐𝑜 =
𝑚

BASIC DATA
perties are : The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are
(2% tnom)
266.633744129 N/mm²
= 1 Partial Factor
Step 1 :
= 0.72264944629 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953283396 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 157.985674462
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.74630065034 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.73322 > 0.53 OK
= 0.94 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.73322 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 0.94494442373 So, the factor is :
= 70.0203817981 mm beff = ρ . bp1
= 35.010190899 mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff

0.25 ≤ 0.35
= 0.5
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤
0.35 < 0.25 ≤
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638047698 so,

= 0.23616825443 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 157.985674462
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.18179118406 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.1786 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
= -0.19 so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.1786 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 98.798075454 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 62.5497827277 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1
= 0.36105878162 N/mm
) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+
= 2737.575 mm4
= 291.650759693 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠

(λ"
= 1.24215187964 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.24384 ≤ 0.655
= 1
if 0.65 < (λ" " <
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.24384 <
= 0.57192419102 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.24384 ≥ 1.38
= 0.53133599105 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
= 0.57192419102 So, the factor is :
Step 3 :
= 0.57192419102
= 35.010190899 mm
= 18.05 mm
= 450
Initial values
χd fyb 257.365885959
χd fyb / γM0 147.193776124
= 201.1 mm Web heigt

= 74.1 mm Width of flange in comression
= 74.1 mm Width of flange in tension
= 18.05 mm Width of edge fold
BASIC DATA
nd the material properties are : The dimensions of the cross-section and the material p
(2% tnom)
fyb 257.366 N/mm²
Step 1 :
= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 147.194
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.73322 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.73243 > 0.53
=((λ" = 0.95 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.73243 ≤ 0.53
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 70.7383 mm beff = ρ . bp1
0,5 beff = 35.3692 mm be1 = be2 =

if bp,c / bpl ≤
OK 0.25 ≤
so, kσ = 0.5
0.6 if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl
0.6 FALSE 0.35 < 0.25
∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.23617 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 147.194
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.1786 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.17841 > 0.748
𝜌=((λ" "
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = -0.29
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.17841 ≤ 0.748
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 99.4665 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 62.3909 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
he y-y axis = 0 kf = for bending about the y-y axis
) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏
K = 0.36312 N/mm
nt of area of the stiffener : Is - is te effective second moment of area of the s
𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ### mm4
or the edge stiffener is, so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffen
=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠 σcr,s = 290.858 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_
e edge stiffener Thickness reduction factor χd for the edge stiffener

(λ"
= 1.24384 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.24394 ≤ 0.655
so, χd = 1
1.38 if 0.65 < (λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.38 OK 0.65 < 1.24394
𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.5707 so,
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.24394 ≥ 1.38
𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.53061 so,
Step 3 :
χd = 0.5707
be2 = 35.3692 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 146.565
𝑚

BASIC DATA
-section and the material properties are : The dimensions of the cross-section and the m
(2% tnom)
fyb 256.816 N/mm²
Step 1 :
pressed flange Effective width of the compressed flange
= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 146.565
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.73243 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
+√(0,085−0,55𝜓 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
OK )
0.73238 >
𝜌=((λ" = 0.96
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 if, (λ"
+√(0,085−0,55 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
NO 𝜓)
0.73238 ≤
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 70.7815 mm beff =
0,5 beff = 35.3908 mm be1 = be2

0.35 if bp,c / bpl
0.35 OK 0.25
so, kσ = 0.5
≤ 0.6 if 0.35 <
≤ 0.6 FALSE 0.35 <
=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 ) 𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.23617 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 146.565
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.17841 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
NO 0.1784 >
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = -0.30
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

OK 0.1784 ≤
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 99.5067 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
be2 t be2 / 2 = 62.3814 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
be2 + ceff) t (be2 + ceff) t
ng about the y-y axis = 0 kf = for bending about the y-y a
)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_
K = 0.36324 N/mm
nd moment of area of the stiffener : Is - is te effective second moment of are
𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ### mm4
g stress for the edge stiffener is, so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the e
r χd for the edge stiffener Thickness reduction factor χd for the edge
(λ"
= 1.24394 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.24395 ≤
so, χd = 1
< 1.38 if 0.65 <
< 1.38 OK 0.65 <
𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.57063
if (λ" " ≥
) ̅_𝑑
NO 1.24395 ≥
𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.53057
Step 3 :
χd = 0.57063
be2 = 35.3908 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 146.527
𝑚

BASIC DATA
the cross-section and the material properties are : The dimensions of the cross-section
e in compression b1 = 76 mm Total width of flange in compression
e in tension b2 = 76 mm Total width of flange in tension
(2% tnom)
fyb 256.783 N/mm²
Step 1 :
the compressed flange Effective width of the compressed
= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 146.527
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.73238 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085
0.53 OK )
0.73238
so,𝜌=((λ" = 0.96
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 if, (λ"
_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55 " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085
0.53 NO 𝜓)
0.73238
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
ρ . bp1 = 70.7841 mm beff =
= 0,5 beff = 35.3921 mm be1 =
the edge fold Effective width of the edge fold

≤ 0.35 if bp,c / bpl
≤ 0.35 OK 0.25
so, kσ = 0.5
bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6 if 0.35
0.25 ≤ 0.6 FALSE 0.35
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638

= 0.23617 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 146.527
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.1784 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

,748 if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.748 NO 0.1784
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = -0.30
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
,748 if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.748 OK 0.1784
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= 18.05 mm ceff =
e edge stiffener : Effective area of the edge stiffener :
t (be2 + ceff) = 99.5091 mm As =
Step 2 :
be2 t be2 / 2 = 62.3808 mm b1 = bp1 -
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.36325 N/mm
ctive second moment of area of the stiffener : Is - is te effective second mom
.𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ### mm4
cal buckling stress for the edge stiffener is, so, the elastic critical buckling stress
ion factor χd for the edge stiffener Thickness reduction factor χd for
(λ"
= 1.24395 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
0.655 if (λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
0.655 NO 1.24395
so, χd = 1
(λ" " < 1.38 if 0.65
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 < 1.38 OK 0.65
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.57062
1.38 if (λ" "
) ̅_𝑑
1.38 NO 1.24395
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.53057
Step 3 :
χd = 0.57062
be2 = 35.3921 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 146.525
𝑚

comression bp1 = b1 - tnom = 74.1 mm Width of flange in comression
BASIC DATA
nsions of the cross-section and the material properties are : The dimensions of the cros
th of flange in compression b1 = 76 mm Total width of flange in com
th of flange in tension b2 = 76 mm Total width of flange in ten
th of edge fold c = 19 mm Total width of edge fold
e thickness t = 1.862 mm Steel core thickness
(2% tnom)
ld strength fy = 450 N/mm² Basic yield strength
fyb 256.781 N/mm²
of elasticity E = 210000 N/mm² Modulus of elasticity
Step 1 :
width of the compressed flange Effective width of the com
ling factor kσ = 4 The buckling factor
= 0.72265 ε=
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 146.525
𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))
= 0.73238 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

(λ" if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
) > 0.53 OK
so,𝜌=((λ" = 0.96
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2 if,
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓) ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
ρ . bp1 = 70.7843 mm beff
be2 = 0,5 beff = 35.3921 mm be1
width of the edge fold Effective width of the edg

ling factor is : The buckling factor is :
≤ 0.35 if
≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ = 0.5
< bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6 if
< 0.25 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, = 0.68638

= 0.23617 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 146.525
𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) = 0.1784 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748 if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
> 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = -0.30
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748 if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
ρ . cp = 18.05 mm ceff
area of the edge stiffener : Effective area of the edge
t (be2 + ceff) = 99.5093 mm As
Step 2 :
be2 t be2 / 2 = 62.3807 mm b1 =
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.36325 N/mm
is te effective second moment of area of the stiffener : Is -
+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ### mm4
astic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is, so, the elastic critical buck
ss reduction factor χd for the edge stiffener Thickness reduction fact

(λ"
= 1.24395 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
ction factor will be : The reduction factor will be
≤ 0.655 if
≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
< (λ" " < 1.38 if
) ̅_𝑑
< 1.24395 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.57062
≥ 1.38 if
≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.53057
Step 3 :
χd = 0.57062
be2 = 35.3921 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 146.525
𝑚

flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom = 74.1 mm Width of flange in comress
flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom = 74.1 mm Width of flange in tension
BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
Basic yield strength fy = 450 N/mm²
fyb 256.781 N/mm²

√235/fyb = 0.72265
(λ" = 0.96953
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
= 146.525
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" "
= 0.73238 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.73238 > 0.53 OK
so,𝜌=((λ" = 0.96
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.73238 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= ρ . bp1 = 70.7843 mm
= be2 = 0,5 beff = 35.3921 mm

bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.35
0.25 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ = 0.5
0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.25 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, = 0.68638

(λ" = 0.23617
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 146.525
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏) (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" "
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) = 0.1784 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_

(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.1784 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = -0.30
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.1784 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
= ρ . cp = 18.05 mm
= t (be2 + ceff) = 99.5093 mm
bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 = 62.3807 mm

(be2 + ceff) t
for bending about the y-y axis = 0
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.36325 N/mm
is te effective second moment of area of the stiffener :
(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓
2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3 )]〗
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^
Is = ### mm4

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 = 1.24395
𝑟,𝑠) )
(λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.24395 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.57062
(λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.53057

χd = 0.57062
be2 = 35.3921 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 146.525
𝑚

BASIC DATA
Total height h = 203
Total width of flange in compression b1 = 76
Total width of flange in tension b2 = 76
Total width of edge fold c = 19
Nominal thickness tnom = 1.9
Steel core thickness t = 1.862
(2% tnom)
Basic yield strength fy = 450
fyb 256.781
Modulus of elasticity E = 210000
Step 1 :
ε= √235/fyb = 0.72265
(λ" = 0.96953
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
= 146.525
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.73238

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.73238 > 0.53 OK
so,𝜌=((λ" = 0.96
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.73238 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
beff = ρ . bp1 = 70.7843
be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff = 35.3921

0.25 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ = 0.5
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.25 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, = 0.68638

(λ" = 0.23617
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 146.525
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) = 0.1784

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.1784 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = -0.30
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.1784 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 = 1.00
ceff = ρ . cp = 18.05
As = t (be2 + ceff) = 99.5093
Step 2 :
b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 = 62.3807
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.36325
_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
Is = ###
𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠 σcr,s = 290.808

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 = 1.24395
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd = 1
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.24395 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.57062
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.53057
Step 3 :
χd = 0.57062
be2 = 35.3921
ceff = 18.05
fybo = 450
Initial values
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = χd fyb / γM0 146.525
𝑚
Web heigt hp = h - tnom = 201.1

Width of flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom = 74.1
Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom = 74.1
Width of edge fold cp = c - tnom /2 = 18.05
BASIC DATA
Profil Name =
mm Total height h =
mm Total width of flange in compression b1 =
mm Total width of flange in tension b2 =
mm Total width of edge fold c =
mm Nominal thickness tnom =
mm Steel core thickness t =
(2% tnom)
N/mm² Basic yield strength fy =
N/mm² fyb
N/mm² Modulus of elasticity E =
Step 1 :
ε= √235/fyb =
(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚
=
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
=

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.73238 > 0.53 OK
so,𝜌=((λ" =
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.73238 ≤ 0.53 NO
so, 𝜌 =
mm beff = ρ . bp1 =
mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff =

0.25 ≤ 0.35 OK
so, kσ =
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.25 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
so, =

(λ" =
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 =
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
√(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 )) =

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.1784 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" =
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.1784 ≤ 0.748 OK
so, 𝜌 =
mm ceff = ρ . cp =
mm As = t (be2 + ceff) =
Step 2 :
mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 =
(be2 + ceff) t
𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
N/mm K =
_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
mm4 Is =
N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠 σcr,s =

(λ"
" ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐 =
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≤ 0.655 NO
so, χd =
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.24395 < 1.38 OK
so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≥ 1.38 NO
so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 =
Step 3 :
χd =
mm be2 =
mm ceff =
fybo =
Initial values
fyb = χd fyb
𝑚
mm Web heigt hp = h - tnom =

mm Width of flange in comression bp1 = b1 - tnom =
mm Width of flange in tension bp2 = b2 - tnom =
mm Width of edge fold cp = c - tnom /2 =
BASIC DATA
C20019 Profil Name
(2% tnom)
256.781 N/mm² fyb
Step 1 :
0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
/(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
146.525 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.73238 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.73238 > 0.53 OK
0.96 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.73238 ≤ 0.53 NO
1.00 so, 𝜌
70.7843 mm beff = ρ . bp1
35.3921 mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff

0.25 ≤ 0.35 OK
0.5 so, kσ
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.25 ≤ 0.6 FALSE
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
0.68638 so,

0.23617 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 )) 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
146.525 𝑚
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
0.1784 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.1784 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
-0.30 so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.1784 ≤ 0.748 OK
1.00 so, 𝜌
99.5093 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
62.3807 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
0.36325 N/mm K
〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
### mm4 Is

(λ"
1.24395 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≤ 0.655 NO
1 so, χd
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.24395 < 1.38 OK
0.57062 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≥ 1.38 NO
0.53057 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
Step 3 :
ues (iteration 1) : Initial values (iteration 1) :
0.57062 χd
35.3921 mm be2
18.05 mm ceff
450 fybo
Initial values
256.781 fyb =
146.525 𝜎_𝑐𝑜 =
𝑚

BASIC DATA
(2% tnom)
256.781 N/mm²
= 1 Partial Factor
Step 1 :
= 0.72265 ε= √235/fyb
= 0.96953 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)=(𝑏_𝑝1/𝑡)
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 /(28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚
= 146.525
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.73238 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if, (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,5+√(0,085−0,55𝜓
)
0.73238 > 0.53 OK
= 0.96 so,𝜌=((λ"
"
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,055(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
if, (λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,5+√(0,085−0,55
𝜓)
0.73238 ≤ 0.53 NO
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 70.7843 mm beff = ρ . bp1
= 35.3921 mm be1 = be2 = 0,5 beff

0.25 ≤ 0.35
= 0.5 so,
if 0.35 < bp,c / bpl ≤ 0.6
0.35 < 0.25 ≤ 0.6
𝑘_𝜎=0,5+0,83∛((𝑏_(𝑝,𝑐)∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638 so,

= 0.23617 (λ"
"
) ̅_(𝑝,𝑐)=(𝑐_𝑝/𝑡)/(
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 28,4 𝜀 √(𝑘_𝜎 ))
𝑚 = 146.525
(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑=(λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)
= 0.1784 √(𝜎_𝑐𝑜𝑚/(𝑓_𝑦𝑏/𝛾_𝑀0 ))

if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑>0,748
0.1784 > 0.748 NO
𝜌=((λ" "
= -0.30 so,
) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑−0,188)/ 〖 (λ"
" ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑 〗 ^2
if,(λ" " ) ̅_𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑑≤0,748

0.1784 ≤ 0.748 OK
𝜌 = 1.00 so,
= 18.05 mm ceff = ρ . cp
= 99.5093 mm As = t (be2 + ceff)
Step 2 :
= 62.3807 mm b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2
(be2 + ceff) t
^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 ) 𝐾=(𝐸𝑡^3)/4(1−𝑣^2 ) . 1/(𝑏_1^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝
= 0.36325 N/mm
) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2 .𝑡)/12+ 〖𝑏 _𝑒2.𝑡[(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡
𝐼_𝑠=(𝑏_𝑒2 𝑡^3)/12+(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^3
= ### mm4
= 290.808 N/mm2 𝜎_(𝑐𝑟,𝑠)=(2√(𝐾 𝐸 𝐼_𝑠 ))/𝐴_𝑠

(λ"
= 1.24395 " ) ̅_𝑑=√(𝑓_𝑦𝑏∕𝜎_(𝑐
𝑟,𝑠) )
if (λ" " ≤ 0.655
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≤ 0.655
= 1 so,
if 0.65 < (λ" " < 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
0.65 < 1.24395 < 1.38
= 0.57062 so, 𝜒_𝑑=1,47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
if (λ" " ≥ 1.38
) ̅_𝑑
1.24395 ≥ 1.38
= 0.53057 so, 𝜒_𝑑=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑
= 0.57062 So, the factor is :
Step 3 :
= 0.57062
= 35.3921 mm
= 18.05 mm
= 450
Initial values
χd fyb 256.781 fyb
χd fyb / γM0 146.525 𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚

= C20019
h = 203 mm
b1 = 76 mm
b2 = 76 mm
c = 19 mm
tnom = 1.9 mm
t = 1.862 mm
(2% tnom)
fy = 450 N/mm²
fyb 256.781 N/mm²
E = 210000 N/mm²
v = 0.3
γm0 = 1
(ψ) = 1
kσ = 4
= 0.72265
= 0.96953
𝜎_𝑐𝑜 = 146.525
𝑚
= 0.73238
= 0.96
55(3+𝜓))/ 〖 (λ"
2
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 0.95525
= 70.7843 mm
0,5 beff = 35.3921 mm
OK
kσ = 0.5
FALSE
∕ 〖𝑏 _𝑝𝑙−0,35 〗 )^2 )
= 0.68638
= 0.23617
𝜎_𝑐𝑜
𝑚 = 146.525
= 0.1784
"
−0,188)/ 〖 (λ" = -0.30
𝑑 〗 ^2
𝜌 = 1.00
𝜌 = 1
= 18.05 mm
= 99.5093 mm
= 62.3807 mm
= 0
^2 ℎ_𝑝+𝑏_1^3+0,5𝑏_1 𝑏_2 ℎ_𝑝 𝑘_𝑓 )
K = 0.36325 N/mm
of the stiffener :
_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2+ 〖𝑐 _𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡[𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓/2−(𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓^2)/2(𝑏_𝑒2+𝑐_𝑒𝑓𝑓 ) ] 〗 ^2
Is = ### mm4
ge stiffener is,
σcr,s = 290.808 N/mm2
= 1.24395
NO
χd = 1
OK
47−0,723 (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.57062
NO
=0,66/ (λ" " ) ̅_𝑑 = 0.53057
χd = 0.57062

χd = 0.57062
be2 = 35.3921 mm
ceff = 18.05 mm
fybo = 450
Initial values
= χd fyb 256.781
= χd fyb / γM0 146.525
hp = h - tnom = 201.1 mm
bp1 = b1 - tnom = 74.1 mm
bp2 = b2 - tnom = 74.1 mm
cp = c - tnom /2 = 18.05 mm
GEOMETRICAL DETAILS OF FLANG
e1d e1s
eta
rta tta La,ta
hb
X
tsa
rsa
tfc
nb,ta
e2c
e2a
bfc
bta
rc twc
hc Lta
nb,sa
Z
bsa
X
BASIC DATA
For Beam : C20019
bfb Width of single flange beam = 76 mm
bfb Width of double flange lip ch = 152 mm
hb Depth of beam = 203 mm
twb,nom Nominal thickness = 1.9
twb,1 Thickness of single lip chann= 1.862 mm
twb Thickness of double lip chan= 3.724 mm
tnom Nominal thickness = 1.9
tfb Thickness of flange beam = 1.862 mm
rb Radius of beam = 5
Zb The plastic modulus of beam= 53800 mm3
For Column : C30024
bfb Width of single flange beam = 96 mm
bfc Width of double flange lip ch = 192 mm
hc Depth of column = 300 mm
twb,nom Nominal thickness = 2.4
twc,1 Thickness of lip channel = 2.352 mm
twc Thickness of double lip chan= 4.704 mm
tfc,nom Nominal thickness = 2.4
tfc Thickness of flange column = 2.352 mm
rc Radius of column = 5 mm
Zb The plastic modulus of colu = 104000 mm3
For Seat Angle :
bsa Width of seat angel = 152 mm
La,sa Length of top angle y = 65 mm
Lsa Length of top angle x = 65 mm
tsa Thickness of seat angle = 6 mm
rsa Radius of seat angle = 12.7 mm
For Top Angle :
bta Width of top angle = 152 mm
La,ta Length of top angle y = 65 mm
Lta Length of top angle x = 65 mm
tta Thickness of top angle = 6 mm
rta Radius of top angle = 12.7 mm
For Bolt :
d0 Diameter of bolt hole = 13 mm
db Diameter of bolt = 12 mm
Distance of Bolt :
p1 Distance between of bolt = 76 mm
eta Edge distance of top angle ( = 32.5 mm
e1d Edge distance of beam = 32.5 mm
e2c Edge distance of flange col = 58 mm
e1s Edge distance of top angle ( = 32.5 mm
e2a Edge distance of top angle (Z= 38 mm
Number of Bolt :
ns Number of shear plane = 1
nnett Number of bolt per net sectio= 2
nb,ta Number of top angle bolt = 2
nb,sa Number of seat angle bolt = 2
MATERIAL
For Beam :
fub Design strength of bolt = 550 N/mm2
fyb Design strength = 650 N/mm2
E Modulus Elasticity = 236600 N/mm2
v Poisson coefficient = 0.3
For Column :
fuc Design strength of bolt = 550
fyc Design strength = 650 N/mm2
For Seat Angle :
fy Design strength = 326 N/mm2
fu Ultimate design strength = 476 N/mm2
For Top Angle :
fy Design strength = 326 N/mm2
fu Ultimate design strength = 476 N/mm2
For Bolt :
8.8
fy Design strength of bolt = 640 N/mm2
fub Ultimate design strength = 800 N/mm2
PARTIAL FACTOR
γm2 = 1
γm0 = 1
γmb = 1
For Flange Cleat :
For Web Cleat :
Lwa = 139.7 mm
Lpb = 88.9 mm
Lpc = 101.6 mm
dl = 34.9 mm
gb = 50.8 mm
twa = 6.35 mm
rwa = 11.1 mm
e2w = 38.1 mm
pwa = 76.2 mm
dwa = 31.75 mm
gc = 66.7 mm
F FLANGE CLEAT G
Lwa
bfc
tfb
bfc bfb
twb
hb
Lpc
ns
Section
C20019
C25024
C30024
For Beam :
Profil Name
Total height
Total width of flange in tension
Internal radius
Nominal thickness
Steel core thickness
For Column :
0 Profil Name
65 Total height
65 Total width of flange in compression
6 Total width of flange in tension
12.7 Total width of edge fold
Internal radius
0 Nominal thickness
65 Steel core thickness
65
6
12.7 Type of steel Steel grade
Column section DC250(C)
Beam section DC150
Beam section DC200
Beam section DC250
Hot-rolled gusset plates 6 mm
32.5
32.5
0
32.5
0
22
25
77
55
450
450
210000
0.3
450 378.7
450 489.8
210000
0.3
275 328.3
430 427.9
210000
0.3
275
430
210000
0.3
GEOMETRICAL DETAILS OF SPECIM
e1s e1d
p1
rta
eta
tta La,ta
twa Y
Lwa pwa gb hb
X
dwa
dl
tsa
rsa
tfc
nb,ta
e2c
e2a
bta
twc
rc
hc Lta
Lpb
nb,sa
Z
Lpc
gc
X bsa
rwa
e2w
b1 = b2 Wel,y
h (mm) c (mm) r (mm) t (mm) A (mm2) 5xt bp = b - t
(mm) (mm3)
203 76 19 5 1.9 44400 713 9.5 74.1

254 76 20.5 5 2.4 75700 1020 12 73.6
300 96 27.5 5 2.4 113000 1260 12 93.6
= C20019
h = 203 mm
in compression b1 = 76 mm
in tension b2 = 76 mm
c = 19 mm
r = 5 mm
tnom = 1.9 mm
t = 1.862 mm
= C30024
h = 300 mm
in compression b1 = 96 mm
in tension b2 = 96 mm
c = 27.5 mm
r = 5 mm
tnom = 2.4 mm
t = 2.352 mm

TCS-250C 393 490.7 220.1
TCS-150 380 448.5 236.6
TCS-200 366.7 475 204.7 TCS
TCS-250 378.7 489.8 222.6
TCS
TCS-P6 328.3 427.9 260.4
OF SPECIMEN
La,ta
d0
hb
db
tfb
bfb
twb
hb
ns
0.1 x bp
7.41
7.36
9.36
For Beam :
Profil Name =
Total height h =
Internal radius r =
For Column :
Profil Name =
Total height h =
Internal radius r =
Potential resistance
9. Gusset plate moment buckling capacity
9.1. Dimension data
Lg
e1 p1 p3 p1 e1
tg
e2
p2
Bg
p2
e2

If angle a is larger than 10°, then the panel may be conservatively

treated as rectangular with the width equal to the larger of widths on both
ends of the panel
Bg : max ygp =
tg : =
fyg : =
gM0 : =
gM1 : =
Es : =
v : =
Gusset plate coordinates

No Xg Yg
1 0 0
2 300 0
3 600 150
4 600 400
5 300 550
6 0 550
7 0 0
0 0
9.2. Property data
A0 : Bg tg =
I0 : 1 / 12 tg Bg 3 =
9.3. Elastic moment resistance of gross section
Wy : I0 / (0.5 Bg) =
The design elastic moment resistance of the gross cross section
Mel,y,Rd : Wy fyg / gM0 =
9.4. Effective width
a. Stress ratio ψ and kσ:
a.1. Stress ratio
s1 : =
s2 : s2 £ s1 =
ψ : s2 / s1 =
a.2. Calculate ks
If ψ = 1 =
kσ : =
If 1 > y > 0 =
kσ : =
If 0 > y > -1 =
kσ : ( 7.81 - 6.29 y + 9.78 y2 ) =
If ψ = -1 =
kσ : =
If -1 > y > -3 =
kσ : ( 5.98 ( 1 - y ) 2 ) =
If -3 ³ y =
kσ : =
So
kσ : =
b. Elastic critical unstiffened plate buckling
scr : ks ( p2 E ) / ( 12 ( 1 - v2 ) ) ( tg / Bg ) 2 =
c. Plate slenderness λp and reduction factor ρ

lp : Ö ( fyg / scr ) =
or
e : √ 235 / fyg =
lp : ( Bg / tg ) / ( 28.4 e Ö ks ) =
To obtained ρ, there are two conditions mus be met:

For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r : =
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y ) =
r : ( lP - 0.055 ( 3 + y ) ) / lP2 £ 1 =
So : =
r =
d. Calculate effective width Beff

beff : r Bg / ( 1 - y ) =
9.4. Calculation of effective cross section characteristic

a. The elastic section moduli of effective cross section
Width of compressed part b c
bc
bc : Bg / ( 1 - y ) =
y0 : =
The second moment of area of the effective cross section with respect
to y-y axis becomes:
Iy : I0 + A0 y0 2 =
The elastic section moduli of effective cross section:
Ieff : Iy =
The elastic section moduli of effective cross section W eff respect
to the centroid of the upper flange and lower flange are, respectively:
Weff : Ieff / ( 0.5 Bg ) =
: =
b. The design elastic moment resistance
Mc,y,Rd : Weff fyg / gM0 =
9.5. The elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

a. Non-dimensional slenderness lLT
Mcr : scr Wy =
So
lLT : ( Wy fyg / Mcr ) 0.5 =
b. Reduction factor for lateral-torsional buckling cLT
Buckling curve a b c d
aLT 0.21 0.34 0.49 0.76
Cross-section Limits Buckling curve

Rolled I-sections h/b≤2 a
h/b>2 b
Welded I-sections h/b≤2 c
h/b>2 d
Other cross-sections d
aLT : Imperfection factor =

FLT : value to determine the reduction factor c
: 0.5 ( 1 + aLT ( lLT - 0.2 ) + lLT2 ) =
cLT : 1 / ( FLT + Ö ( FLT2 - lLT 2 ) ) £ 1 =
9.6. The elastic critical moment for lateral torsional

buckling ( Mb,Rd )
Mb,Rd : cLT Wy fy / gM1 =
9.7. Summary
Mg
From iteration result

Mc,y,Rd : S Weff,i fyg / gM0 =
Mb,Rd : S cLT,i Wy,i fy / gM1 =
Iteration Mc,y,Rd Mc,y,Rd Mb,Rd Mb,Rd

Upper Lower Upper Lower
Kn m Kn m Kn m Kn m
1 164.35833 164.35833 137.561 137.561
2 164.35833 155.51558 137.561 131.433
3 164.35833 146.91733 137.561 125.373
4 164.35833 138.56358 137.561 119.385
5 164.35833 130.45433 137.561 113.477
6 164.35833 122.58958 137.561 107.652
7 164.35833 114.96933 137.561 101.917
8 164.35833 107.59358 137.561 96.277
9 164.35833 100.46233 137.561 90.739
10 164.35833 93.575583 137.561 85.307
11 164.35833 86.933333 137.561 79.987
12 164.35833 80.535583 137.561 74.786
13 164.35833 74.382333 137.561 69.708
14 164.35833 68.473583 137.561 64.759
15 164.35833 62.809333 137.561 59.946
16 164.35833 57.389583 137.561 55.273
17 164.35833 52.214333 137.561 50.746
18 164.35833 47.283583 137.561 46.372
19 164.35833 42.597333 137.561 42.156
20 164.35833 38.155583 137.561 38.103
9.8. Second moment equivalent properties

Mmin : =
Wmin : Mmin / fyg =
heq : ( 6 Wmin / tg ) 0.5 =
Ieq : Wmin heq / 2 =
------------------------------- END CALCULATION ----------------------------------------
1. Interpolate for gusset plate section

Slice number
N : 20 Jangan diubah
2. Gusset plate coordinates

No Xg Yg
1 0 0 0,0
2 300 0 300,0
3 600 150 600,150
4 600 400 600,400
5 300 550 300,550
6 0 550 0,550
DX1 : 15
DX2 : 15
DY : 7.5
3. First Segment Grid Coordinates
6 5
0 550 300 550
2
1
0 0 300 0
1 2 5 6
No xb yb xu yu b h
1 0.0 0.00 0.0 550.00 15 550.00

2 15.0 0.00 15 550.00 15 550.00
3 30.0 0.00 30 550.00 15 550.00
4 45.0 0.00 45 550.00 15 550.00
5 60.0 0.00 60 550.00 15 550.00
6 75.0 0.00 75 550.00 15 550.00
7 90.0 0.00 90 550.00 15 550.00
8 105.0 0.00 105 550.00 15 550.00
9 120.0 0.00 120 550.00 15 550.00
10 135.0 0.00 135 550.00 15 550.00
11 150.0 0.00 150 550.00 15 550.00
12 165.0 0.00 165 550.00 15 550.00
13 180.0 0.00 180 550.00 15 550.00
14 195.0 0.00 195 550.00 15 550.00
15 210.0 0.00 210 550.00 15 550.00
16 225.0 0.00 225 550.00 15 550.00
17 240.0 0.00 240 550.00 15 550.00
18 255.0 0.00 255 550.00 15 550.00
19 270.0 0.00 270 550.00 15 550.00
20 285.0 0.00 285 550.00 15 550.00
21 300 0.00 300 550.00
. Second Segment Grid Coordinates
6 5
300 550
2
1
300 0
2 3 5 4
No xb yb xu yu b h
1 300.0 0.00 300.0 550.00 15 550.00

2 315.0 7.50 315 542.50 15 535.00
3 330.0 15.00 330 535.00 15 520.00
4 345.0 22.50 345 527.50 15 505.00
5 360.0 30.00 360 520.00 15 490.00
6 375.0 37.50 375 512.50 15 475.00
7 390.0 45.00 390 505.00 15 460.00
8 405.0 52.50 405 497.50 15 445.00
9 420.0 60.00 420 490.00 15 430.00
10 435.0 67.50 435 482.50 15 415.00
11 450.0 75.00 450 475.00 15 400.00
12 465.0 82.50 465 467.50 15 385.00
13 480.0 90.00 480 460.00 15 370.00
14 495.0 97.50 495 452.50 15 355.00
15 510.0 105.00 510 445.00 15 340.00
16 525.0 112.50 525 437.50 15 325.00
17 540.0 120.00 540 430.00 15 310.00
18 555.0 127.50 555 422.50 15 295.00
19 570.0 135.00 570 415.00 15 280.00
20 585.0 142.50 585 407.50 15 265.00
21 600 150.00 600 400.00
1 2 3
1. Data profil Data profil Data profil
1.1. Dimension data Dimension data Dimension data
If angle a is larger than 10°, then the apanel

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel may be conservatively
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle
treated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with the width eq
ends of the panel ends of the panel ends of the panel
Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm Bg
tg 10 mm tg 10 mm tg
fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa fyg
gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0
gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1
Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa Es
v 0.3 v 0.3 v
1.2. Property data Property data Property data
A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2 A0
I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0
1.3. Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance of gross s
Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3 Wy
The design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment resistance o
Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd
2. Cross section class check Cross section class check Cross section class check
a Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression)
ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε
b Web (bending) Web (bending) Web (bending)
Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg
The cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of Class 4.
3. Effective width of the web Effective width of the web Effective width of the web
3.1. Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ:
a Stress ratio Stress ratio Stress ratio
s1 1 s1 1 s1
s2 -1 s2 -1 s2
ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ
b Calculate ks Calculate ks Calculate ks
For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1
kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ
b Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckling
scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa scr
3.2. Plate slenderness λp and reduction

Plate slenderness
factor ρ λp and reduction
Plate slenderness
factor ρ λp and reduction f
lp 0.419 lp 0.419 lp
or or or
e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e
lp 0.467 lp 0.467 lp
To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two conditions
For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1 r 1 r
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1.000 r 1.000 r
So So So
r 1.000 r 1.000 r
3.3. Calculate effective width Beff

Calculate effective width Beff
beff 275 mm beff 275 mm beff
4. Calculation of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective cross section

4.1. The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli of effectiv
Width of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bc
bc 275 mm bc 275 mm bc
y0 0 y0 0 y0
The second moment of area The of second moment of area The of second moment of area of the effe
to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes:
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy
The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of effective c
Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff
The elastic section moduli of The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
effective c
to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper flange and
Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3 Weff
4.2. The design elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic moment resistanc
Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd
5. The elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment for latera
torsional buckling torsional buckling torsional buckling
5.1. Non-dimensional slenderness
Non-dimensional slenderness
Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr
So So So
lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419 lLT
5.2. Reduction factor for lateral-torsional factor forclateral-torsional
Reductionbuckling LT factor forclateral-torsional
Reductionbuckling LT
Buckling curve Buckling curve Buckling curve

aLT aLT aLT
Cross-section Cross-section Cross-section

Rolled I-sections Rolled I-sections Rolled I-sections
Welded I-sections Welded I-sections Welded I-sections
Other cross-sections Other cross-sections Other cross-sections
aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT

FLT FLT FLT
0.671 0.671
cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837 cLT
6. The elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment for latera
buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd )
Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd
7. SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY

Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd
Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd
From iteration result From iteration result From iteration result

Mc,y,Rd Mc,y,Rd Mb,Rd Mb,Rd
Upper Lower Upper Lower
Kn m Kn m Kn m Kn m
164.35833 164.35833 137.561 137.561

164.35833 155.51558 137.561 131.433
164.35833 146.91733 137.561 125.373
164.35833 138.56358 137.561 119.385
164.35833 130.45433 137.561 113.477
164.35833 122.58958 137.561 107.652
164.35833 114.96933 137.561 101.917
164.35833 107.59358 137.561 96.277
164.35833 100.46233 137.561 90.739
164.35833 93.575583 137.561 85.307
164.35833 86.933333 137.561 79.987
164.35833 80.535583 137.561 74.786
164.35833 74.382333 137.561 69.708
164.35833 68.473583 137.561 64.759
164.35833 62.809333 137.561 59.946
164.35833 57.389583 137.561 55.273
164.35833 52.214333 137.561 50.746
164.35833 47.283583 137.561 46.372
164.35833 42.597333 137.561 42.156
164.35833 38.155583 137.561 38.103
C20019
203 mm
76 mm
76 mm
19 mm
5 mm
1.9 mm
1.862 mm
C30024
300 mm
96 mm
96 mm
27.5 mm
5 mm
2.4 mm
2.352 mm
ce 10 #VALUE!
1 9 9
2 9 1
3
4
5
6
7 HATI-HATI JANGAN MELAKUKAN OPERASI HAPUS
8
KOLOM KARENA ADA RUMUS BANTU DIBAWAH
tg UNTUK GUSSET PLATE SLICE
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
Beg 3
f widths on both 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
203 mm 6
10 mm 7
326 Mpa 8 328.3

1 9 427.9
1 10
260400 Mpa 1
0.3 2 210000
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5 9 2
2030 mm2 6
6971189.16666667 mm4 7
8 9 3
68681.6666666667 mm 3 9
10
22.3902233333333 Kn m 1
2 9 4
3 9 1
4
EN 1993-
1 1-5: 2006 5
-1 (E) dTable 6
4.1
-1 7
8
9 JANGAN DIHAPUS
4 10 0 4
1
7.81 2 0 7.81
3
23.88 4 0 23.88
5
23.9 6 1 23.9
7
23.92 8 0 23.92
9
95.68 10 0 95.68
1
23.9 2
3
13649.7253228236 Mpa Dubina eq.( 4
5
6 9 2
0.155 7
8
0.84903409572615 9
0.172 Dubina eq.( 10

1
2
Dubina eq.( 3
1 4
Dubina eq.( 5
1.000 6
7
1.000 8
9
10 9 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
101.5 mm Dubina Tabl 8
9
10 9 4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
101.5 mm 4
0 5
n with respect 6
7
6971189.16666667 mm4 8
9
6971189.16666667 mm 4 10
1
respectively: 2
68681.6666666667 mm3 3
4
5
22.3902233333333 Kn m 6
7
8 9 5
9
937.485884713731 Kn m 10
1
0.155 2
3
4
5
REFERENC 6
7
REFERENC 8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
0.76 6
7
0.495 REFERENC 8
1.000 9
10
1 9 6
2
22.3902233333333 Kn m REFERENC 3
4
5 9 7
6
7
8
9
Mg
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
129.324 Kn m 7
111.054 Kn m 8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6 9 8
111.054 Kn m 7
340657.469186409 mm3 8
452.100079088519 mm 9
77005634.3806353 mm4 10
-------------------------- 1
2
3
x y x y
0.0 0.00 0.0 550.00

300 0.00 300 550.00
4
600 400
600 150
x y x y
300.0 0.00 300.0 550.00

600 150.00 600 400.00
4 5
Data profil Data profil Data profil
Dimension data Dimension data Dimension data
If angle a is larger than 10°, then the panelIfmay beaconservatively

angle is larger than 10°, then the apanel
If angle is larger
maythan
be conservatively
10°, then the panel m
treated as rectangular with the width equaltreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with the width e
550 mm Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm

10 mm tg 10 mm tg 10 mm
326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa
1 gM0 1 gM0 1
1 gM1 1 gM1 1
260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa
0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3
Property data Property data Property data
5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2
138645833.333333 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4
Elastic moment resistance of gross secElastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance of gross
504166.666666667 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3
The design elastic moment resistance of thThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment resistance o
164.358333333333 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
Cross section class check Cross section class check Cross section class check
Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression)
0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849
Web (bending) Web (bending) Web (bending)
55 Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55
The cross section is of Class 4. The cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of Class 4.
Effective width of the web Effective width of the web Effective width of the web
Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ:
Stress ratio Stress ratio Stress ratio
1 s1 1 s1 1
-1 s2 -1 s2 -1
-1 ψ -1 ψ -1
Calculate ks Calculate ks Calculate ks
For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1
23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9
Elastic critical plate buckling Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckling
1859.47613496938 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa
Plate slenderness λp and reduction factor

Plate
ρ slenderness λp and reduction
Plate slenderness
factor ρ λp and reduction factor
0.419 lp 0.419 lp 0.419
or or
0.84903409572615 e 0.84903 e 0.84903
0.467 lp 0.467 lp 0.467
To obtained ρ, there are two conditions muTo obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two conditio
For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y ) For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
1 r 1 r 1
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y ) For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
So So
1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
Calculate effective width Beff Calculate effective width Beff

275 mm beff 275 mm beff 275 mm
Calculation of effective cross section chCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective cross sectio
The elastic section moduli of effective The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli of effect
Width of compressed part bc Width of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bc
275 mm bc 275 mm bc 275 mm

0 y0 0 y0 0
The second moment of area of the effectiveThe second moment of area The of second moment of area of the effec
138645833.333333 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm4
The elastic section moduli of effective crosThe elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of effective
138645833.333333 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4
The elastic section moduli of effective crossThe
section
elastic
Wsection
eff respect
moduli of The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
effective cross
to the centroid of the upper flange and low to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper flange and
504166.666666667 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3
The design elastic moment resistance The design elastic momentThe design elastic moment resistan
164.358333333333 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
The elastic critical moment for lateral The elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment for latera
Non-dimensional slenderness lLT Non-dimensional slenderness
937.485884713731 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m
So So
0.419 lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419
Reduction factor for lateral-torsional buckling cLT factor for lateral-torsional
Reduction factor forclateral-torsional
Reductionbuckling LT buck

aLT aLT
oss-section Cross-section Cross-section

0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76

FLT FLT
0.671 0.671 0.671
0.837 cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837
The elastic critical moment for lateral toThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment for latera
137.560908593429 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m
SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY

164.358333333333 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m

UKAN OPERASI HAPUS
MUS BANTU DIBAWAH
PLATE SLICE
BGJ-1 C300 B200
0 0
300 0
600 0
600 203
300 203
0 203
14
6 14
20
6 7 8
than 10°, then the panel

If angle
maya be
is larger
conservatively
than 10°, then the apanel
If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan
be conservatively
10°, then the pa
ular with the width etreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with th
Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm

tg 10 mm tg 10 mm tg 10 mm
fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa
gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1
gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1
Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa
v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3
A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2
I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4
esistance of gross Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance
Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3
moment resistance The
o design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment re
Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
Cross section class check Cross section class check Cross section class check
Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression)
ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849
Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55
s of Class 4. The cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of Class
Effective width of the web Effective width of the web Effective width of the web
Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ:
s1 1 s1 1 s1 1
s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1
ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1
For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1
kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9
ate buckling Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli
scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa
s λp and reduction factor

Plate slenderness
ρ λp and reduction
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
lp 0.419 lp 0.419 lp 0.419
or or or
e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903
lp 0.467 lp 0.467 lp 0.467
e are two conditio To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two
.085 - 0.055 y ) For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1 r 1 r 1
.085 - 0.055 y ) For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
So So So
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
e width Beff Calculate effective width Beff

beff 275 mm beff 275 mm beff 275 mm
ective cross sectioCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective cro

n moduli of effect The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli
ed part bc Width of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bc
bc 275 mm bc 275 mm bc 275 mm

y0 0 y0 0 y0 0
nt of area of the effec
The second moment of area Theof second moment of area The of second moment of area of
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm4
moduli of effective The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of
Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4
moduli of effective cross
The elastic
section
section
W eff respect
moduli of The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
effective c
he upper flange and to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper
Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3
c moment resistanThe design elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic moment
Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
l moment for lateraThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment
slenderness lLT Non-dimensional slenderness
Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m
So So So
lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419
buckling cfactor
for lateral-torsionalReduction LT for lateral-torsional factor forclateral-torsional

aLT aLT aLT
Cross-section Cross-section Cross-section Cross-sectio

aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76

FLT FLT FLT
0.671 0.671 0.671
cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837
l moment for lateraThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment
Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m

Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m

9 10 11 12
Data profil Data profil Data profil Data profil
Dimension data Dimension data Dimension data Dimension data

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan the apanel may b
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle
treated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangul
ends of the panel ends of the panel ends of the panel ends of the panel
Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm Bg

tg 10 mm tg 10 mm tg 10 mm tg
fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa fyg
gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0
gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1
Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa Es
v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3 v
Property data Property data Property data Property data
A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2 A0
I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0
Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment res
Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3 Wy
The design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic m
Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd
Cross section class check Cross section class check Cross section class check Cross section clas
Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (comp
ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε
Web (bending) Web (bending) Web (bending) Web (bending)
Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg
The cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is
Effective width of the web Effective width of the web Effective width of the web Effective width of t
Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and
Stress ratio Stress ratio Stress ratio Stress ratio
s1 1 s1 1 s1 1 s1
s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1 s2
ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ
Calculate ks Calculate ks Calculate ks Calculate ks
For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1
kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ
Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plat
scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa scr
Plate slenderness λp and reduction

Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
factor ρ
lp 0.419 lp 0.419 lp 0.419 lp
or or or or
e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e
lp 0.467 lp 0.467 lp 0.467 lp
To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there
For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.0
r 1 r 1 r 1 r
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.0
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r
So So So So
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r

Calculate effective
beff 275 mm beff 275 mm beff 275 mm beff
Calculation of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effec

The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section
Width of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bcWidth of compresse
bc 275 mm bc 275 mm bc 275 mm bc

y0 0 y0 0 y0 0 y0
The second moment of area The of second moment of area The of second moment of area The of second momen
to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy
The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section m
Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
sectm
to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of th
Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3 Weff
The design elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic
Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd
The elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical
torsional buckling torsional buckling torsional buckling torsional buck
Non-dimensional s
Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr
So So So So
lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419 lLT
Reduction factor for lateral-torsional factor forclateral-torsional
Reductionbuckling LT Reductionbuckling
factor fo
Buckling curve Buckling curve Buckling curve Buckling curve

aLT aLT aLT aLT
Cross-section Cross-section Cross-section Cross-section

Rolled I-sections Rolled I-sections Rolled I-sections Rolled I-sections
Welded I-sections Welded I-sections Welded I-sections Welded I-sections
Other cross-sections Other cross-sections Other cross-sections Other cross-sections
aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT

FLT FLT FLT FLT
0.671 0.671 0.671
cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837 cLT
buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,R
Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd
SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY

From iteration result From iteration result From iteration result From iteration result
13 14 15

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan
be conser
10°, th
treated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with th
550 mm Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm Bg 550

10 mm tg 10 mm tg 10 mm tg 10
326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326
1 gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1
1 gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1
260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400
0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3
5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500
1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08
Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance
504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167
The design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment re
164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358
Cross section class check Cross section class check Cross section class check Cross section class check
Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression)
0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849
55 Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55
The cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of Class
Effective width of the web Effective width of the web Effective width of the web Effective width of the web
Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ:
1 s1 1 s1 1 s1 1
-1 s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1
-1 ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1
23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9
Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli
1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48

Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
factor ρ λp and re
0.419 lp 0.419 lp 0.419 lp 0.419
or or or
0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903
0.467 lp 0.467 lp 0.467 lp 0.467
To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two
For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.05
1 r 1 r 1 r 1
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.05
1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
So So So
1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000

Calculate effective width Be
275 mm beff 275 mm beff 275 mm beff 275
Calculation of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective cro

The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli
Width of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bc
275 mm bc 275 mm bc 275 mm bc 275

0 y0 0 y0 0 y0 0
The second moment of area The of second moment of area The of second moment of area The of second moment of area o
to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes:
1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08
The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of
1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
ree
to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper
504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167
The design elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic moment
164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358
The elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment
torsional buckling torsional buckling torsional buckling torsional buckling
Non-dimensional slenderne
937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486
So So So
0.419 lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419
Reductionbuckling LT factor forclateral-

aLT aLT aLT
oss-section Cross-section Cross-section Cross-section

0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76

FLT FLT FLT
0.671 0.671 0.671 0.671
0.837 cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837
buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd )
137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561

16 17 18
a is larger than 10°, then the apanel

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan
be conservatively
10°, then the pa
s rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with th
mm Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm

mm tg 10 mm tg 10 mm tg 10 mm
Mpa fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa
gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1
gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1
Mpa Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa
v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3
mm2 A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2
mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4
moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance
mm3 Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 504167 mm3
gn elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment re
Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
ection class check Cross section class check Cross section class check Cross section class check
nge (compression) Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression)
ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849
Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55
s section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of Class
width of the web Effective width of the web Effective width of the web Effective width of the web
atio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ:
s1 1 s1 1 s1 1
s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1
ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1
For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1
kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9
ritical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli
Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa
nderness λp and reduction

Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
lp 0.419 lp 0.419 lp 0.419
or or or
e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903
lp 0.467 lp 0.467 lp 0.467
ed ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two
0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1 r 1 r 1
0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
So So So
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
e effective width Beff

mm beff 275 mm beff 275 mm beff 275 mm
on of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective cro

tic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli
compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bc
mm bc 275 mm bc 275 mm bc 275 mm

y0 0 y0 0 y0 0
nd moment of area Theof second moment of area The of second moment of area The of second moment of area of
s becomes: to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes:
mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm4
ic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of
mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4
ic section moduli of The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
effective c
ntroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper
mm3 Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3
gn elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic moment
Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
tic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment
nal buckling torsional buckling torsional buckling torsional buckling
ensional slenderness
Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m
So So So
lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419
on factor for lateral-torsional factor forclateral-torsional

aLT aLT aLT

ss-sections Other cross-sections Other cross-sections Other cross-sections
aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76

FLT FLT FLT
0.671 0.671 0.671
cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837
ng ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd )
Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m

ation result From iteration result From iteration result From iteration result
19 20
Data profil Data profil 1
Dimension data Dimension data 1 1

If angle is larger
maythan
be conservatively
10°, then the panel may be conservatively
treated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with the width equal to the larger of widths o
ends of the panel ends of the panel
Bg 550 mm Bg 550 mm
tg 10 mm tg 10 mm
fyg 326 Mpa fyg 326 Mpa
gM0 1 gM0 1
gM1 1 gM1 1
Es 260400 Mpa Es 260400 Mpa
v 0.3 v 0.3
Property data Property data 1 2
A0 5500 mm2 A0 5500 mm2
I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.4E+08 mm4
Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance of gross 1 3
Wy 504167 mm 3
Wy 504167 mm 3
The design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment resistance of the gross cross section
Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mel,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
Cross section class check Cross section class check 2

Upper flange (compression) Upper flange (compression)
ε 0.849 ε 0.849
Web (bending) Web (bending)
Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 55
The cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of Class 4.
Effective width of the web Effective width of the web 3

Stress ratio ψ and kσ: Stress ratio ψ and kσ: 3 1
Stress ratio Stress ratio
s1 1 s1 1
s2 -1 s2 -1
ψ -1 ψ -1
Calculate ks Calculate ks
For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1
kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9
Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckling
scr 1859.48 Mpa scr 1859.48 Mpa

Plate slenderness
factor ρ λp and reduction factor ρ3 2
lp 0.419 lp 0.419
or or
e 0.84903 e 0.84903
lp 0.467 lp 0.467
To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two conditions mus be met:
For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1 r 1
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1.000 r 1.000
So So
r 1.000 r 1.000

Calculate effective width Beff 3 3
beff 275 mm beff 275 mm
Calculation of effective croCalculation of effective cross sectio 4

The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli of effect 4 1
Width of compressed part bcWidth of compressed part bc
bc 275 mm bc 275 mm
y0 0 y0 0
The second moment of area The of second moment of area of the effective cross section with resp
to y-y axis becomes: to y-y axis becomes:
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.4E+08 mm4
The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of effective cross section:
Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4 Ieff 1.4E+08 mm4
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
effective cross section W eff respect
to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper flange and lower flange are, respective
Weff 504167 mm3 Weff 504167 mm3
The design elastic momentThe design elastic moment resistan 4 2

Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
The elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment for latera 5

torsional buckling torsional buckling
Non-dimensional slenderness lLT
Non-dimensional slenderness 5 1
Mcr 937.486 Kn m Mcr 937.486 Kn m
So So
lLT 0.419 lLT 0.419
Reductionbuckling LT 5 cLT
buckling 2
Buckling curve Buckling curve

aLT aLT
Cross-section Cross-section Cross-sectio

Rolled I-sections Rolled I-sections
Welded I-sections Welded I-sections
Other cross-sections Other cross-sections
aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76

FLT FLT
0.671 0.671
cLT 0.837 cLT 0.837
The elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment for latera 6

buckling ( Mb,Rd ) buckling ( Mb,Rd )
Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m
SUMMARY SUMMARY 7
Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m Mc,y,Rd 164.358 Kn m
Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m Mb,Rd 137.561 Kn m
From iteration result From iteration result

1 2 3 4

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle

gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0
gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1
E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E
v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3 v
A0 5500 mm2 A0 5350 mm2 A0 5200 mm2 A0
I0 1.4E+08 mm4 I0 1.3E+08 mm4 I0 1.2E+08 mm4 I0
Wy 504167 mm3 Wy 477042 mm3 Wy 450667 mm3 Wy
ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε
Bg / tg 55 Bg / tg 53.5 Bg / tg 52 Bg / tg
s1 1 s1 1 s1 1 s1
s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1 s2
ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ
kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ

Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
factor ρ
lp 0.419 lp 0.407 lp 0.396 lp
or or or or
e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e
lp 0.467 lp 0.454 lp 0.441 lp
For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.0
r 1 r 1 r 1 r
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.0
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r
So So So So
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r

Calculate effective
beff 275 mm beff 267.5 mm beff 260 mm beff

bc 275 mm bc 267.5 mm bc 260 mm bc

y0 0 y0 0 y0 0 y0
Iy 1.4E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.3E+08 mm 4
Iy 1.2E+08 mm 4
Iy
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
sectm
Non-dimensional s
So So So So
lLT 0.419 lLT 0.407 lLT 0.396 lLT
factor fo

aLT aLT aLT aLT


FLT FLT FLT FLT
0.671 0.662 0.653
cLT 0.837 cLT 0.845 cLT 0.853 cLT

5 6 7

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan
be conser
10°, th
505 mm Bg 490 mm Bg 475 mm Bg 460

1 gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1
1 gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1
260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400
0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3
5050 mm2 A0 4900 mm2 A0 4750 mm2 A0 4600
1.1E+08 mm4 I0 9.8E+07 mm4 I0 8.9E+07 mm4 I0 8.1E+07
425042 mm3 Wy 400167 mm3 Wy 376042 mm3 Wy 352667
0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849
50.5 Bg / tg 49 Bg / tg 47.5 Bg / tg 46
1 s1 1 s1 1 s1 1
-1 s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1
-1 ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1
23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9

Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
0.384 lp 0.373 lp 0.362 lp 0.350
or or or
0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903
0.428 lp 0.416 lp 0.403 lp 0.390
For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.05
1 r 1 r 1 r 1
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.05
1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
So So So
1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000

252.5 mm beff 245 mm beff 237.5 mm beff 230

252.5 mm bc 245 mm bc 237.5 mm bc 230

0 y0 0 y0 0 y0 0
1.1E+08 mm 4
Iy 9.8E+07 mm 4
Iy 8.9E+07 mm 4
Iy 8.1E+07
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
ree
So So So
0.384 lLT 0.373 lLT 0.362 lLT 0.350

aLT aLT aLT

0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76

FLT FLT FLT
0.644 0.635 0.627 0.618
0.862 cLT 0.870 cLT 0.878 cLT 0.886

8 9 10

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan
be conservatively
10°, then the pa
s rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with th

gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1
gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1
Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa
v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3
mm2 A0 4450 mm2 A0 4300 mm2 A0 4150 mm2
mm4 I0 7.3E+07 mm4 I0 6.6E+07 mm4 I0 6E+07 mm4
moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance
mm3 Wy 330042 mm3 Wy 308167 mm3 Wy 287042 mm3
gn elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment re
ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849
Bg / tg 44.5 Bg / tg 43 Bg / tg 41.5
s section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of Class
s1 1 s1 1 s1 1
s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1
ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1
For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1
kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9
ritical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli

Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
lp 0.339 lp 0.327 lp 0.316
or or or
e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903
lp 0.378 lp 0.365 lp 0.352
ed ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two
0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1 r 1 r 1
0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
So So So
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000

mm beff 222.5 mm beff 215 mm beff 207.5 mm
on of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective cro

tic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli
mm bc 222.5 mm bc 215 mm bc 207.5 mm

y0 0 y0 0 y0 0
nd moment of area Theof second moment of area The of second moment of area The of second moment of area of
mm 4
Iy 7.3E+07 mm 4
Iy 6.6E+07 mm 4
Iy 6E+07 mm4
ic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of
mm4 Ieff 7.3E+07 mm4 Ieff 6.6E+07 mm4 Ieff 6E+07 mm4
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
effective c
ntroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper
gn elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic moment
So So So
lLT 0.339 lLT 0.327 lLT 0.316

aLT aLT aLT

aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76

FLT FLT FLT
0.610 0.602 0.594
cLT 0.895 cLT 0.903 cLT 0.912

11 12 13 14

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle

gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0
gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1
E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E
v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3 v
A0 4000 mm2 A0 3850 mm2 A0 3700 mm2 A0
I0 5.3E+07 mm4 I0 4.8E+07 mm4 I0 4.2E+07 mm4 I0
Wy 266667 mm3 Wy 247042 mm3 Wy 228167 mm3 Wy
ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε
Bg / tg 40 Bg / tg 38.5 Bg / tg 37 Bg / tg
s1 1 s1 1 s1 1 s1
s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1 s2
ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ
kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ

Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
factor ρ
lp 0.305 lp 0.293 lp 0.282 lp
or or or or
e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e
lp 0.339 lp 0.327 lp 0.314 lp
For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.0
r 1 r 1 r 1 r
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.0
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r
So So So So
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r

Calculate effective
beff 200 mm beff 192.5 mm beff 185 mm beff

bc 200 mm bc 192.5 mm bc 185 mm bc

y0 0 y0 0 y0 0 y0
Iy 5.3E+07 mm 4
Iy 4.8E+07 mm 4
Iy 4.2E+07 mm 4
Iy
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
sectm
Non-dimensional s
So So So So
lLT 0.305 lLT 0.293 lLT 0.282 lLT
factor fo

aLT aLT aLT aLT


FLT FLT FLT FLT
0.586 0.578 0.571
cLT 0.920 cLT 0.929 cLT 0.937 cLT

15 16 17

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan
be conser
10°, th
355 mm Bg 340 mm Bg 325 mm Bg 310

1 gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1
1 gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1
260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400
0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3
3550 mm2 A0 3400 mm2 A0 3250 mm2 A0 3100
3.7E+07 mm4 I0 3.3E+07 mm4 I0 2.9E+07 mm4 I0 2.5E+07
210042 mm3 Wy 192667 mm3 Wy 176042 mm3 Wy 160167
0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849
35.5 Bg / tg 34 Bg / tg 32.5 Bg / tg 31
1 s1 1 s1 1 s1 1
-1 s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1
-1 ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1
23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9

Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
0.270 lp 0.259 lp 0.247 lp 0.236
or or or
0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903
0.301 lp 0.288 lp 0.276 lp 0.263
For lp £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.05
1 r 1 r 1 r 1
For lp > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.05
1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
So So So
1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000

177.5 mm beff 170 mm beff 162.5 mm beff 155

177.5 mm bc 170 mm bc 162.5 mm bc 155

0 y0 0 y0 0 y0 0
3.7E+07 mm 4
Iy 3.3E+07 mm 4
Iy 2.9E+07 mm 4
Iy 2.5E+07
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
ree
So So So
0.270 lLT 0.259 lLT 0.247 lLT 0.236

aLT aLT aLT

0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76

FLT FLT FLT
0.563 0.556 0.549 0.542
0.946 cLT 0.954 cLT 0.963 cLT 0.972

18 19 20

If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan the apanel
be conservatively
10°, then
If angle is larger
maythan
be conservatively
10°, then the pa
s rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with thtreated as rectangular with the width eq

gM0 1 gM0 1 gM0 1
gM1 1 gM1 1 gM1 1
Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa E 260400 Mpa
v 0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3
mm2 A0 2950 mm2 A0 2800 mm2 A0 2650 mm2
mm4 I0 2.1E+07 mm4 I0 1.8E+07 mm4 I0 1.6E+07 mm4
moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance Elastic moment resistance of gross s
mm3 Wy 145042 mm3 Wy 130667 mm3 Wy 117042 mm3
gn elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment reThe design elastic moment resistance o
ε 0.849 ε 0.849 ε 0.849
Bg / tg 29.5 Bg / tg 28 Bg / tg 26.5
s section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of ClassThe cross section is of Class 4.
s1 1 s1 1 s1 1
s2 -1 s2 -1 s2 -1
ψ -1 ψ -1 ψ -1
For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1 For ψ = -1
kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9 kσ 23.9
ritical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckli Elastic critical plate buckling

Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
Plate slenderness
lp 0.225 lp 0.213 lp 0.202
or or or
e 0.84903 e 0.84903 e 0.84903
lp 0.250 lp 0.238 lp 0.225
ed ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two To obtained ρ, there are two conditions
0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p £ 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1 r 1 r 1
0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055
Foryl)p > 0.5 + Ö ( 0.085 - 0.055 y )
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000
So So So
r 1.000 r 1.000 r 1.000

mm beff 147.5 mm beff 140 mm beff 132.5 mm
on of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective croCalculation of effective cross section

tic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli The elastic section moduli of effectiv
mm bc 147.5 mm bc 140 mm bc 132.5 mm

y0 0 y0 0 y0 0
nd moment of area Theof second moment of area The of second moment of area The of second moment of area of the effe
mm 4
Iy 2.1E+07 mm 4
Iy 1.8E+07 mm 4
Iy 1.6E+07 mm4
ic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of The elastic section moduli of effective c
mm4 Ieff 2.1E+07 mm4 Ieff 1.8E+07 mm4 Ieff 1.6E+07 mm4
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
The
effective
elastic
cross
section
section
moduli
W effof
respect
effective c
ntroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper to the centroid of the upper flange and
gn elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic momentThe design elastic moment resistanc
tic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment for latera
So So So
lLT 0.225 lLT 0.213 lLT 0.202

aLT aLT aLT
Cross-section Cross-section Cross-section

aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76 aLT 0.76

FLT FLT FLT
0.535 0.528 0.521
cLT 0.981 cLT 0.990 cLT 0.999
tic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical momentThe elastic critical moment for latera

than 10°, then the panel may be conservatively
ular with the width equal to the larger of widths on both
esistance of gross section
moment resistance of the gross cross section
s of Class 4.
ate buckling
s λp and reduction factor ρ
e are two conditions mus be met:

.085 - 0.055 y )
.085 - 0.055 y )
e width Beff
ective cross section characteristic

n moduli of effective cross section
ed part bc
nt of area of the effective cross section with respect
moduli of effective cross section:
moduli of effective cross section W eff respect

he upper flange and lower flange are, respectively:
c moment resistance
l moment for lateral
slenderness lLT
for lateral-torsional buckling cLT
l moment for lateral torsional

Bolt row lever arms :
First Bolt Row :
h1 = tsa / 2 + hb + La - eta = 238.5
Evaluation of the design resistance FRd,1 of the first bolt row
Column Web in Shear

In the ecamined case, the column web is not subjected to shear (β = 0); therefore :
Vcws,Rd = ∞
β
Column Web in Compression

Effective width
beff,cwc = 2 tsa + 0,6 rsa +5 (tfc + rc) = 56.38
Crushing resistance
Fc,wc,Rd,c : = ρ kc,wc beff,cwc fy,wc twc / γM0 = 172.387
Elastic Critical Load

dwc = hc - 2 tfc - 2rc = 285.296
Fcr = π E twc3 / 3( 1 - v2 )dwc = 93.4585
Nondimensional slenderness
λ = (Fcwc,Rd / Fcr) 2 = 1.35814
Column clear depth

dwc = hc - 2 tfc - 2 rc = 285.296
Effective width for buckling resistance

b*eff,cwc = 2 tsa + 0,6 rsa + 2 [ Ψ (dwc bfc / 3 twc tfc) 1/4 ] ( tfc + rc )
= 89.9093
Buckling Resistance
λ = beff,cwc twc fywc / fcr0.5 = 1.35814
F*cwc,Rd = Fcwc,Rd fy,wc twc [ 1 / λ (1 - 0,22 / λ ) ] = 169.626

Beam Flange and Web in Compression
Fbfc,Rd = Zb fy,bfc / hb - tfb = 173.861
Bolt in Shear (Seat Angel)

Bolt shank area
A = π db2 / nb,sa = 226.195
Shear Resistance
Fv,sa,Rd = nb ns 0,6 fv,b Ab / γMb = 217.147
Seat Angel in Bearing

Coefficient α
e1 = e1d = 32.5
beacause the seat angle is subjected to compression
α = min of e1d / 3 d0 = 0.83333 = 0.83333
p1 / 3 d 0 - 1 / 4 = 1.69872
fub / fu = 1.68067
1 = 1
Thickness tsa = 6
Bearing Resistance
Fsab,Rd = nb,sa 2,5 α fu db tsa / γMb = 142.8
Seat Angel in Compression

Nondimensional slenderness
λp = [ 12 - (1 - v)2 / k ]0,5 bsa / tsa = 0.47142
π ( E / fy )0,5
Compression Resistance
Fsac,Rd = (bsa tsa fy / γM0 ) (1 / λp) (1 - 0,22 / λp ) = 336.353
Fsac,Rd = bsa tsa fy / γM0 = 297.312
Fsac,Rd = 297.312
Column Flange in Bending

Distance beetween the bolt axis and the plastic hinge
mcf = bfc / 2 - twc /2 - e2c - 0,8 rc = 31.648
Effective widths
beff,cfb,1 = 2 π mcf = 198.85
beff,cfb,2 = 4 mcf + 1,25 e = 199.092
Location of prying forces
n = emin = e2c - ( bfc - bta / 2 ) = 38
Mechanism type 1
beff,cfb = min of beff,cfb,1 = 198.85 mm = 198.85
beff,cfb,2 = 199.092 mm
Mcfb,Rd = ( beff,cfb,1 t2fc / 4 ) ( fycf / γM0 ) = 178.753
Fcfb,Rd,1 = 4 Mcfb,Rd = 22.5927

mc
Mechanism type 2
dr = α0,5 db = 10.5981
Ar = π dr2 / 4 = 88.1712
Bt,Rd = 0,9 Ar fub / γMb = 63.4833

Σ Bt,Rd = nb Bt,Rd = 126.967
beff,cfb = beff,cfb2 = 199.092
Mcfb,Rd = ( beff,cfb,1 t2fc / 4 ) ( fycf / γM0 ) = 178.971
Fcfb,Rd,2 = 2 Mcfb,Rd + n Σ BRd = 74.4123

mc + n
Mechanism type 3
Fcfb,Rd,3 = Σ Bt,Rd = 126.967
therefore:
Fcfb,Rd(1) = min of Fcfb,Rd,1 = 22.5927 kN = 22.5927
Fcfb,Rd,2 = 74.4123 kN
Fcfb,Rd,3 = 126.967 kN
Column Web in Tension

Fcwt,Rd(1) = beff,cwt twc fy,cw ρ / γM0 = 608.005
Top Angle in Bending

mta = La - tta - eta - 0,8 rta = 16.34
Ψ1 = 1,89 - 3,22 [ tta / (db ( mta / db )^0,5 ) ] = 0.51028

dbh = 1,6 db = 19.2
m*ta = mta - Ψ1 ( dbh / 2 + tta / 2 + 0,2 rta ) = 8.61434

Effective width
beff,ta = bta / 2 = 76
Mechanism type 1
Mta,Rd = ( beff,cfb,1 t2ta / 4 ) ( fyta / γM0 ) = 222.984
Fta,Rd,1 = 4 Mcfb,Rd = 103.541

mc
Mechanism type 2
Mta,Rd = ( beff,cfb,1 t2ta / 4 ) ( fyta / γM0 ) = 222.984
n = eta = 32.5
Fta,Rd,2 = 2 Mcfb,Rd + n Σ BRd = 111.211
mc + n
Mechanism type 3
Fta,Rd,3 = Σ Bt,Rd = 126.967
therefore:
Fta,Rd(1) = min of Fta,Rd,1 = 103.541 kN = 103.541
Fta,Rd,2 = 111.211 kN
Fta,Rd,3 = 126.967 kN
Bolt in Shear (Top Angel)

in the examined case
Fv,ta,Rd = nb,ta ns 0,6 fv,b Ab / γMb = 217.147
Top Angel in Bearing

Coefficient α
e1 = e12 = 32.5
α = min of e1 / 3 d 0 = 0.83333 = 0.83333
p1 / 3 d 0 - 1 / 4 = 1.69872
fub / fu = 1.68067
1 = 1
Thickness tta = 6
Bearing Resistance
Fsab,Rd = nb,ta 2,5 α fu db t / γMb = 142.8
Beam Flange in Bearing

Coefficient α
e1 = e1d = 32.5
α = min of e1 / 3 d 0 = 0.83333 = 0.83333
p1 / 3 d 0 - 1 / 4 = 1.69872
fub / fu = 1.45455
1 = 1
Thickness tfb = 1.862
Bearing Resistance
Fsab,Rd = nb 2,5 α fu db t / γMb = 51.205
Plate in Tension (top angel)

Ftat,Rd = min of bta tta fy / γM0 = 297.312 = 297.312
0,9 (bta - nb do) fu / γ=
M2 323.87
SUMMARY
As a conclusion, the resistance of the first bolt row, is given by :
FRd,1 = min of F*cwc,Rd = 169.626 kN = 22.5927

Fbfc,Rd = 173.861 kN
Fv,sa,Rd = 217.147 kN
Fsab,Rd = 142.8 kN
Fsac,Rd = 297.312 kN
Fcfb,Rd(1) = 22.5927 kN
Fcwt,Rd(1) = 608.005 kN
Fta,Rd(1) = 103.541 kN
Fv,ta,Rd = 217.147 kN
Fsab,Rd = 142.8 kN
Fsab,Rd = 51.205 kN
Ftat,Rd = 297.312 kN
Summary of flange cleat resistance

Bolt row lever arms : h1 = 238.5
the resistance of the first bolt row, FRd,1 = 22.5927
so, momen resistance of flange cleat is

Mfc = FRd,1 x h1 = 5.38836
tsa hb La eta
mm 6 203 65 32.5
tsa rsa tfc rc

mm 6 12.7 2.352 5
beff,cwc fy,wc twc kc,wc ρ γM0

kN 56.38 650 4.704 1 1 1
hc tfc rc
300 2.352 5
kN E twc v dwc
222600 4.704 0.3 285.296
Fcwc,Rd Fcr
> 0.67 172.387 93.4585
mm hc tfc rc
300 2.352 5
tsa rsa dwc bfc twc tfc

mm 6 12.7 285.296 192 4.704 2.352
beff,cwc twc fy,wc Fcr

56.38 4.704 650 93.4585
≤ Fc,wc,Rd,c b*eff,cwc fy,wc λ twc

89.9093 650 1.35814 4.704
Zb fy,bfc hb tfb
kN 53800 650 203 1.862
db nb,sa
mm2 12 2
kN nb,sa ns fub A γMb

2 1 800 226.195 1
mm
e1d p1 d0
32.5 76 13
fub fu
800 476
tsa
mm 6
kN nb,sa α fua db tsa γMb

2 0.83333 476 12 6 1
< 0.673 v k tsa bsa E fy

0.3 4 6 152 260400 326
tsa bsa fya γMo

6 152 326 1
tsa bsa fya γMo

kN 6 152 326 1
bfc twc e2c rc

mm 192 4.704 58 5
mm mcf e2c
mm 31.648 58
mm e2c bfc bta

58 192 152
mm beff,cfb,1 beff,cfb,2
198.85 199.092
kN.mm beff,cfb tfc fyc γMo
198.85 2.352 650 1
kN Mcfb,Rd mcf
178.753 31.648
mm α db
0.78 12
mm dr
10.5981
mm Ar fub γMb nnett
88.1712 800 1 2
mm beff,cfb,2
199.092
kN.mm beff,cfb tfc fy γMo
199.092 2.352 650 1
kN Mcfb,Rd mcf n Bt,Rd Σ Bt,Rd
178.971 31.648 38 63.4833 126.967
kN Σ Bt,Rd
126.967
kN Fcfb,Rd,1 Fcfb,Rd,2 Fcfb,Rd,3

22.5927 74.4123 126.967
kN ρ beff,cwt twc fy γMo

1 198.85 4.704 650 1
mm La tta eta rta

65 6 32.5 12.7
tta db mta
6 12 16.34
mm db
12
mm mta Ψ1 dbh tta rta
16.34 0.51028 19.2 6 12.7
mm bta
152
beff,ta tta fya γMo
76 6 326 1
kN Mcfb,Rd m*ta
222.984 8.61434
kNmm beff,ta tta fya γMo

76 6 326 1
kN Mcfb,Rd m*ta n Bt,Rd Σ Bt,Rd
222.984 8.61434 32.5 63.4833 126.967
Bt,Rd
kN 63.4833
kN Fta,Rd,1 Fta,Rd,2 Fta,Rd,3

103.541 111.211 126.967
kN nb,ta ns fub A γMb

2 1 800 226.195 1
mm e1s p1 d0
32.5 76 13
fub fua
800 476
mm
kN nb,ta α fua db tta γMb

2 0.83333 476 12 6 1
mm e1d p1 d0
32.5 76 13
fub fu
800 550
mm
kN nb,ta α fu db tfb γMb

2 0.83333 550 12 1.862 1
kN bta d0 tta fu fya γM0

152 13 6 476 326 1
kN
mm
kN
kNm
rc Ψ tfc
5 0.75 2.352
γM2 nett
1 2
For Beam :
For Column :
Range of Validity
Distance of Bolt :
The end distance e1 = 25 mm
The edge distance e2 = 25 mm
Spacing inline direction p1 = 250 mm
Spacing measured perpendicular p2 = 153 mm
Moment capacity of the gusset plate
Base on EN 1993-1-5 (CEN, 2006a)

From previous calculation
Mg : Mb,Rd = 111.054 Kn m
Moment due to capacities of the bolt group

General equation
The equation must satisfied
Mg2 : å Fi Li
Force - Fi analysis
Fi equals to the smallest resistance value of bolts loaded in shear of :
a Gusset plate, FS,Rd1
b 2 Channel section, FS,Rd2
So
Fi : min of FS,Rd1 = 32.371 = 32.371 Kn
2 FS,Rd2 = 45.904
Li : (x +y ) i
2
i
2 0.5
Moment resistance of gusset plate due to bolts group
Bolts number and coordinates

BOLTS xi yi Li Fi Fi Li
mm mm mm Kn Kn m
1 -175 -225 285.044 32.371 9.227
2 -25 -225 226.385 32.371 7.328
3 -175 -75 190.394 32.371 6.163
4 -25 -75 79.057 32.371 2.559
5 -175 75 190.394 32.371 6.163
6 -25 75 79.057 32.371 2.559
7 -175 225 285.044 32.371 9.227
8 -25 225 226.385 32.371 7.328
9 125 -75 145.774 32.371 4.719
10 275 -75 285.044 32.371 9.227
11 125 75 145.774 32.371 4.719
12 275 75 285.044 32.371 9.227
TOTAL 78.448
nbolt : Number of bolts = 12
So
Moment resistance
Mg2 : å Fi Li Bolts = 78.448 Kn m
Bolts of gusset plate shear capacity
Shear capacity of gusset plate connection , F j1
Basic requirement
Fj1 : nv Fv
Where
Bolts loaded in shear resistance ( Fi )
Fv : = 32.371 Kn
Gusset plate shear capacity
Number of bolts in shear (see figure above)
nv,B : = 4 pcs
Fj1 : nv Fv = 129.48 Kn
Summary of gusset plate resistance
Moment resistance
Mg1 : Mg From gusset plate = 111.05 Kn m
Mg2 : å Fi Li From bolts configuration = 78.448 Kn m
So
Mjg : min of Mg1 Mg2 = 78.448 Kn m
Mode failure for bending = Bolt
Shear resistance
Fj1 : nv Fv = 129.48 Kn
d As Ft,Rd Fv,Rd 2 x Fv,Rd
mm mm2 kN kN kN
12 84.3 48.6 27.5 55
16 157 90.4 60.3 121
20 245 141 94.1 188
24 353 203 136 271
30 561 323 215 431

mPa mPa kN/mm2
4.6 240 400 0.6 210
4.8 320 400 0.5 210
5.6 300 500 0.6 210
5.8 400 500 0.5 210
6.8 480 600 0.5 210
8.8 640 800 0.6 210
10.9 900 1000 0.5 210
Lg
e1 p1 p3 p1 e1
tg
e2
p2
Bg
p2
e2

-175 -150 -175 -225 -175 -225
-25 -150 -25 -225 -25 -225
-175 -50 -175 -75 -175 -75

-25 -50 -25 -75 -25 -75
-175 50 -175 75 -175 75
-25 50 -25 75 -25 75
-175 150 -175 225 -175 225
-25 150 -25 225 -25 225
125 -50 125 -75 125 -75
275 -50 275 -75 275 -75
125 50 125 75 125 75
275 50 275 75 275 75
Summary of moment resistance BEAM COLUMN
Moment resistance of gusset plate C20019 C30024
Mjg = 78.448 Kn m
Moment resistance of flange cleat

Mfc = = 5.38836 kNm
TOTAL RESISTANCE Mtotal = 83.837 kNm

distance between the bolt axis and the plastic hinge :
mc = bfc - bfc / 2 - twc / 2 - e2c - 0,8rc = 26.97 mm
Effective Widths
beef,cfb,1 = dbh + 2 mc = 84.42 mm
beef,cfb,2 = dbh / 2 + mc + p / 2 = 100.985 mm
beef,cfb = min beef,cfb,1 = 84.42 mm

beef,cfb,2
Coeficient Ψ
Ψ = 0,57 [ tfc / (db (mc / db)0,5 ) ]-1,28 = 0.86930327
therefore : Ψ = 1
Axial Stiffness
Kcfb = Ψ E 0,5 beff,cfb tfc3 / mc3 = 1956.83686 kN mm
Column Web in Tension

Kcwt = E beff,cwt tfc / dwc = 659.013971 kN mm
Effective Width
mta = La - eta - 0,8rta - 0,5 tta = 31.115 mm
w = bta - 2 e2a = 89 mm
beef,ta,1 = dbh + 2 mta = 92.71 mm
beef,ta,2 = dbh / 2 + mta + w / 2 = 90.855 mm
beef,ta,3 = dta / 2 = 76.2 mm
beef,ta,4 = e2a + dbh / 2 + mta = 78.055 mm
beef,ta,1 = min beef,ta,1 92.71 = 76.2 mm

beef,ta,2 90.855
beef,ta,3 76.2
beef,ta,4 78.055
Coefficient γ
γ = (I2 / L2) / (I1 / L1) =
Coefficient Ѱ
Ѱ = 0,57 [ tta / (db (mta / db)1/2) ]-1,28 =
Axial Stiffness
K'ta = Ѱ E [ 0,5 beff,ta tta3 / mta3 ] [ 4γ / (4γ + 3) ]
= kN mm
Bolt Row in Tension

Axial Stiffness
Kbp = 1,6 (E Ab / Lb) ( 5,1 + 3,25 [ tp / db ] )

= kN mm
Translated Stiffness of The Top Angle in Bending
K'tab = Ktab ( hsa / h1 )2 = kN mm
Equivalent Stiffness of The First Bolt Row

K1 = 1
( 1 / K1 ) + ( 1 / K 2 ) + ( 1 / K 3 ) + ( 1 / K 4 )
= kN mm
bfc twc e2c rc
254.2 9.1 82.7 16.1
dbh mc
30.48 26.97
dbh mc p
30.48 26.97 117.55
tfc db mc
16.3 19.05 26.97
Ψ E beff,cfb tfc mc
1 210000 84.42 16.3 26.97
210000 9.1 84.42 244.8
La eta rta tta

88.9 38.1 12.7 9.525
bta e2a
152.4 31.7
dbh mta
30.48 31.115
dbh mta w
30.48 31.115 89
bta
152.4
e2a dbh mta
31.7 30.48 31.115
beef,ta,1 beef,ta,2 beef,ta,3 beef,ta,4
92.71 90.855 76.2 78.055
I2 L2 I1 L1
tta db mta db
Ѱ E beff,ta tta mta γ
E Ab Lb tp db
Ktab hsa h1
K1 K2 K3 K4

PAK AMIN PARAMETRIk

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NO INPUT 9

Design Connection of Cold-Formed Steel

GRADE TYPE GRADE e1

TCS-250C C25019 8.8 25

OLTS GUSSET PLATE

DIA GRADE THK

Failure by the bending Mj (Moment Connection)

GUSSET PLATE 7.624

Fv (Shear Connection) SUMMARY Sj Sj,ini

32.371 OK 194.936 389.873

0.344 SEMI-RIGID PARTIAL-STRENGTH DUCTILE

P (Load) kN BEAM COLUMN

7.62 C15019 C25019

Catalogue Mass per unit

C10010 1.00 102.00 1.78 51.00 51.00 12.50 5.00

BOLTS RESISTANCE (CLASS 8.8) -SCI

d As Ft,Rd Fv,Rd 2 x Fv,Rd tmin

Bolt class fyb fub av E

Type of steel Steel grade fyb fu E

strength for steel (BS EN 1993-1-3:2006)

Iw (mm6) yo (mm) C20019 203 76 19 5

160000000 39.9 C25024 254 76 20.5 5

1.9 44400 713 9.5 74.1 7.41

2.4 75700 1020 12 73.6 7.36

Preapred by : Irwandra Septiadi, MT Date : 9/22/2015

Web heigt hp = h - tnom = 201.1 mm

Preapred by : Irwandra Septiadi, MT Date : 9/22/2015

GROSS SECTION PROPERTIES

Abr = 2 [t x (2cp + bp1 + bp2 +hp) ] = 1435.2296 mm²

Preapred by : Irwandra Septiadi, MT Date : 9/22/2015

Second moment of area :

𝑏_𝑝1 〖𝑡 (𝑍_1 ) 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑝2 〖𝑡 (𝑍_2 ) 〗 ^2+ℎ_𝑝1 〖𝑡 (𝑍_2 ) 〗 ^2]

Preapred by : Irwandra Septiadi, MT Date : 9/22/2015

(2% tnom) Page 17

The dimensins of the section center line area : Page 12

Web heigt hp = h - tnom = 201.1 mm

b/t ≤ 60 b1/t = 40.8163 ≤ 60 OK Page 21

r/bp ≤ 0.1 r/bp1 = 0.0658 ≤ 0.1 OK Page 18

GROSS SECTION PROPERTIES

EFFECITIVE SECTION PROPERTIES OF THE FLANGE

Effective width of the compressed flange

ε = √235/fyb = 0.7226494 Page 17

beff = ρ . bp1 = 59.085896 mm Page 17

Effective width of the edge fold

0.2436 ≤ 0.35 OK Page 29

So, the factor is : kσ = 0.5

if, (λ" " ) ̅_(𝑝,𝑏)≤0,748

Effective area of the edge stiffener : Page 29

b1 = bp1 - be2 t be2 / 2 = 64.930724 mm

kf = for bending about the y-y axis = 0

The iteration stops when the reduction factor χ converges.

1 0.593 29.543 18.050 χd = 0.593 Page 30

EFFECITIVE SECTION PROPERTIES OF THE WEB

heff = ρ . hc = 83.489123 mm Page 15

Near the flange in compression :

Near the neutral axis : Page 17

EFFECTIVE SECTION PROPERTIES

Position of the neutral axis with regard to the flange in compression :

Second moment of area :

+𝑏_𝑝2 〖〖 𝑡 𝑧〗 _𝑡 〗 ^2+ℎ_2 𝑡(𝑧_𝑡−ℎ_2/2)^2+ℎ_1 𝑡(𝑧_𝑐−ℎ_1/2)^2+𝑏_𝑒1

Ieef,y = 7382316 mm4

(2% tnom) Page 17

The dimensins of the section center line area : Page 12