Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes code

into objects, which are instances of classes, and fosters the principles of
encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. In OOP, software is designed and
structured around real-world entities and their interactions, allowing for a more
intuitive representation of complex systems.

Key Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming:

Class:

A blueprint or template that defines the properties (attributes) and behaviors

(methods) common to all objects of a certain type.
Object:

An instance of a class, representing a specific entity with its own unique state
and behavior.
Encapsulation:

The bundling of data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit
(object). It involves hiding the internal details of an object and exposing only
what is necessary.
Inheritance:

A mechanism that allows a new class (subclass or derived class) to inherit the
properties and behaviors of an existing class (superclass or base class). It
promotes code reuse and the creation of hierarchical relationships between classes.
Polymorphism:

The ability of objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common

superclass. Polymorphism enables a single interface to represent different types of
objects and allows methods to be used interchangeably.
Object-oriented programming aims to enhance code organization, modularity, and
maintainability by providing a conceptual framework that closely mirrors the
structure of real-world systems. It is widely used in software development for its
ability to model complex relationships, facilitate code reuse, and improve the
overall design and architecture of applications. Popular programming languages that
support OOP include Java, Python, C++, and C#.