Mindanao State University – College of Law

General Santos City Extension

COURSE SYLLABUS IN WILLS AND SUCCESSION
ATTY. REMOND G. SALIGUMBA, CPA
(Cases/lectures, Class Standing-Recitations/Quizzes, and
Prelim/Midterm/Final Written Examinations)

INTRODUCTION
Art. 16; Art. 17 of NCC
 Aznar v. Garcia, G.R. L- 16749, January 31, 1963

SUCCESSION
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS (Arts. 774 -782)
 Salitico v. Heirs of Resurreccion Felix, G.R. No. 240199, Apr. 10,
2019;
 Treyes v. Larlar, G.R. No. 232579, Set. 8, 2020
 The Heirs of Zenaida B. Gonzales v. Spouses Basas, G.R. No.
206847, June 15, 2022;
 Alfonso v. Andres, G.R. No. 166236, July 29, 2010
 Ende, et al. v. Roman Catholic Prelate of the Prelature Nullius of
Cotabato, Inc., G.R. No. 191867, December 6, 2021
 Navarro v. Harris, G.R. No. 228854, [March 17, 2021]
 Vda. de De la Rosa v. Heirs of Rustia, G.R. No. 155733, [January 27,
2006]
 Estate of K.H. Hemady v. Luzon Surety Co., G.R. No. L-8437,
November 28, 1956;
 Tanay Recreation Center and Development Corp., v. Fausto, G.R. No.
140182, April 12, 2005;
 Sps. Santos v. Sps. Lumbao, G.R. No. 169129, March 29, 2007;
 Alvarez v. IAC, G.R. No. 68053, May 7, 1990;
 NHA v. Almeida, G.R. No. 162784, June 22, 2007
 Hacbang v. Alo, 772 SCRA 36 (2015)
 Uson v. Del Rosario, G.R. No. L-4963, Jan. 29, 1953;
 Borja v. Borja, 46 SCRA 577;
 Bonilla v. Barcena, 71 SCRA 491;
 Lorenzo vs. Posadas, Jr., GR No. 43082, June 18, 1937
 Puno v. Puno Enterprises, Inc., 599 SCRA (2009)
 Tadeo-Matias v. Republic, G.R. No. 230751, April 25, 2018
 Pantollano v. Korphil Shipmanagement and Manning Corporation,
G.R. No. 169575, March 30, 2011
 Gaspi v. Pacis-Trinidad, G.R. No. 229010, [November 23, 2020]

II. TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION (Arts. 783-795)

A. Will defined; Characteristics of a will;

Vitug v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 82027, March 29, 1990

Aluad v. Aluad, G.R. No. 176943, October 17, 2008

Bascara v. Javier, G.R. No. 188069, June 17, 2015

Del Rosario v. Ferrer, G.R. No. 187056

Rabadilla v. CA, G.R. No. 113725, June 29, 2000

B. Strictly personal act; Non-delegability of Will-Making; Exceptions
D. Ambiguities in a will; Rules of interpretation;
 Villaflor v. Juico, G.R. No. L-15737, Feb. 28, 1962;
Preference of testate over intestate proceedings;
 Uriarte v. CFI of Negros Occidental, 33 SCRA 252.
 Dy Yieng Seangio v. Reyes, G.R. Nos. 140371-72, November 27, 2006
E. After- acquired properties
 Balanay, Jr. v. Martinez, G.R. No. L-39247, June 27, 1975
 2

F. Extrinsic and intrinsic validity;

 In re: Riosa, G.R. No. 14074, November 7, 1918
 Testate Estate of Abada v. Abaja, G.R. No. 147145, January 31, 2005
Laws that govern successional right of the heirs of a foreign national
 Gaspi v. Pacis-Trinidad, G.R. No. 229010, [November 23, 2020]
 Ancheta v. Guersey-Dalaygon, G.R. No. 139868, June 8, 2006

Correlate Article 16, NCC

 Miciano v. Brimo, G.R. No. L-22595, November 1, 1927
 Bellis v. Bellis, 20 SCRA 358
 Aznar vs. Garcia, GR No. L-16749, January 31, 1963

III. TESTAMENTARY CAPACITY AND INTENT (Arts 796-803)

A. Who may make wills;

 Bugnao vs. Ubag, et al., G.R. No. 4445, September 18, 1909
 Bagtas vs. Paguio, G.R. No. 6801, March 14, 1912
 Neyra vs. Neyra, C.A. No. 8075, March 25, 1946
 Baltazar vs. Laxa, G.R. No. 174489, April 11, 2012
How unsoundness of mind is manifested; Presumption on soundness of
mind; Exceptions
B. Supervening capacity and incapacity; Capacity of wife to make a will;
What wife can dispose of in her will.

IV. FORMS OF WILLS (Arts. 804-819)

A. Forms of Wills;
 Abangan vs. Abangan, G.R. No. L-13431, November 12, 1919
 Mitra v. Sablan-Guevarra, G.R. No. 213994, [April 18, 2018]
 Heirs of Estella v. Estella, G.R. No. 245469, [December 9, 2020]
 Tanchanco v. Santos, G.R. No. 204793, [June 8, 2020]
 Suroza v. Honrado, A.M. No. 2026-CFI, December 19, 1981
 Gaspi v. Pacis-Trinidad, G.R. No. 229010, [November 23, 2020]
Subscription and attestation;
 Cagro v. Cagro, G.R. No. L-5826, April 29, 1953;
 Caneda v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 103554, May 28, 1993;
 Azuela v. CA, G.R. No. 122880, April, 12, 2006
Subscription by the testator;
 Lopez vs. Liboro, G.R. No. L-1787, August 27, 1948
 Garcia vs. Lacuesta, G.R. No. L-4067, November 29, 1951
Rule if a third person signs for the testator;
 Barut v. Cabacungan, G.R. No. L-6285, Feb. 15, 1912;
 Payad v. Tolentino, G.R. No. L-42258, January 15, 1936;
 Garcia v. Lacuesta, G.R. No. L-4067, Nov. 29, 1951;
True test of Presence;
 Jaboneta v. Gustilo, G.R. No. 1641, January 19, 1906;
 Nera v. Rimando, G.R. No. L-5971, Feb. 27, 1911
Marginal Signatures;
 Avera vs. Garcia and Rodriguez, G.R. No. 15566, September 14,
1921
 Icasiano v. Icasiano, G.R. No. L-18979, June 30, 1964
Contents of the Attestation Clause
 Cagro vs. Cagro, G.R. No. L-5826, April 29, 1953
 Caneda vs. CA, G.R. No. 103554, May 28, 1993

B. Acknowledgement before a Notary Public;

 Azuela v. CA, G.R. No. 122880, April 12, 2006
 Valmonte v. Ortega, G.R. No. 157451, Dec. 16, 2005;
 Cruz v. Villasor, G.R. No. L-32213, November 26, 1973;
 3

 Guerrero v. Bihis, G.R. No. 174144, April 17, 2007.

C. Rule when the testator is deaf or deaf mute; Rule if the testator is blind;
 Alvarado v. Gaviola, G.R. No. 74695, September 14, 1993
 Guia v. Cosico, Jr., G.R. No. 246997, May 5, 2021

D. Substantial compliance rule;

 Taboada v. Rosal, G.R. No. L-36033, Nov. 5, 1982;
Will is void if defect cannot be cured without extrinsic evidence;
 In re Will of Lopez v. Lopez, G.R. No. 189984, Nov. 12, 2012.
 Kucskar v. Sekito, G.R. No. 237449, December 2, 2020
 Mitra v. Sablan, G.R. No. 213994, Apr. 18, 2018

E. Holographic will;
 Gan v. Yap, G.R. No. L-12190, Aug. 30, 1958;
 Azaola v. Singson, G.R. No. L-14003, Aug. 5, 1960;
 Labrador v. CA, G.R. Nos. 83843-44, April 5, 1990;
Contested holographic will;
 Codoy v. Calugay, G.R. No. 123486, August 12, 1999;
Lost or destroyed holographic will and alterations;
 Rodelas v. Aranza, G.R. No. L-58509, December 7, 1982;
 Roxas v. De Jesus, Jr., G.R. No. 38338, Jan. 28, 1985;
 Kalaw v. Relova, G.R. No. L-40207, September 28, 1984;
 Ajero v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 106720, September 15, 1994.
F. Formalities of wills executed by Filipinos abroad; Formalities of wills
executed by aliens in the Philippines;
 In re estate of Johnson, G.R. No. 12767, November 16, 1918
 Llorente v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124371, November 23, 2000
 Gaspi v. Trinidad, G.R. No. 229010, November 23, 2020
G. Joint wills defined;
 De la Cerna v. Potot, G.R. No. L-20234, December 23, 1964;
Effect if executed abroad;
 Vda de Perez v. Tolete, G.R. No. 76714, June 2, 1994.

V. WITNESSES TO WILLS (Arts. 820-827)

Witnesses to Notarial Wills;
 Gonzales v. Court of Appeals, L-37453, May 25,1979;
 Cruz v. Villasor, G.R. No. L-32213, November 26, 1973;
 Javellana v. Ledesma, G.R. No. L-7179, Jun 30, 1955;
 Lee v. Tambago, A.C. No. 5281, February 12, 2008;
Effect of subsequent incapacity; Disqualification of a witness as an heir,
legatee or devisee.

VI. CODICILS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE (Arts. 825-827)

Codicil defined and purpose; Requisites for validity of documents
incorporated by reference;
 Unson v. Abella, G.R. No. 17857, June 12, 1922

VII. REVOCATION OF WILLS AND TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS,

REPUBLICATION AND REVIVAL OF WILLS (Arts. 828-839)

A. Revocability of a will; Modes of Revocation; Article 63 of FC; Article

1032 and Article 1033 of NCC
 Gago v. Mamuyac, G.R. No. L-26317, Jan. 29, 1927;
 Testate Estate of Adriana Maloto v. CA, G.R. No. 76464, February 29,
1988
B. Implied Revocation; Revocation by Subsequent Will; Doctrine of
Dependent Relative Revocation;
 Vda. De Molo v. Molo, G.R. No. L-2538, September 21, 1951;
 4

C. Revocation based on false or illegal cause;

D. Recognition of an illegitimate child; Art. 172, in relation to Art. 173 and
175 of the Family Code; Art. 806, Civil Code; Rule 132, Section 19,
Rules of Court.
E. Republication defined; How made; Requisites and Limitations; Revival
of Wills; Republication v. Revival of Wills

VIII. ALLOWANCE AND DISALLOWANCE OF WILLS (Arts. 838-839)

A. Probate defined; Probate mandatory;

 Cañ iza vs. CA, G.R. No. 110427, February 24, 1997
 Palaganas v. Palaganas, G.R. No. 169144, January 26, 2011
 Heirs of Ureta, Sr. v. Heirs of Ureta, G.R. Nos. 165748 & 165930,
[September 14, 2011]
 Gallanosa v. Arcangel, G.R. No. L-29300, June 21, 1978;
 Nepomuceno v. CA, G.R. No. L-62952, October 9, 1985;
 Dorotheo v. CA, G.R. No. 108581, December 8, 1999.
Probate does not delve into intrinsic validity
 Nuguid v. Nuguid, G.R. No. L-23445, June 23, 1966

B. Grounds for Disallowance of Wills;

 Tanchanco v. Santos, G.R. No. 204793, June 8, 2020
 Ortega v. Valmonte, G.R. No. 157451, Dec. 16, 2005;
 Tolentino v. Francisco, 57 Phil. 749

IX. INSTITUTION OF HEIRS (Arts. 840-856)

A. Institution of Heirs defined; Restrictions on Freedom of disposition of

estate;
 Treyes v. Larlar, G.R. No. 232579, September 8, 2020
 Philippine Commercial and Industrial Bank v. Escolin, G.R. Nos. L-
27860 & L-27896, L-27937, [March 29, 1974]
 Morales v. Olondriz, G.R. No. 198994, [February 3, 2016]
 Reyes v. Datu, G.R. No. L-17818, January 20, 1967;
 Austria v. Reyes, G.R. No. L-23079, February 27, 1970;
 Heirs of Montinola-Sanson v. CA, L-76648, Feb. 26, 1988;
 Pecson v. Coronel, G.R. No. 20374, October 11, 1923.

B. Rules in the institution of Heirs;

Presumption of Equal Shares;
 Belen v. BPI, G.R. No. L-14474, Oct. 31, 1960;
Presumption of Individual and collective institutions;
Institution of brothers and sisters; Article 1006, NCC;
Institution of a Person and His children;
Institution based on a false cause;
Institution in aliquot parts;
Rule if entire inheritance is not covered;
Rule if more than inheritance covered.

C. Preterition defined; Requisites;

 Balanay, Jr. v. Martinez, G.R. No. L-39247, June 27, 1975;
 Nuguid v. Nuguid, G.R. No. L-23445, June 23, 1966;
 Acain v. IAC, G.R. No. 72706, October 27, 1987;
 Morales v. Olondriz, G.R. No. 198994, February 3, 2016;
Where share of omitted heir must be taken; Effect on legacies and devises;
Effects of Preterition
 Neri v. Akutin, G.R. No. L-47799, May 21, 1943;
 Non v. CA, G.R. No. 137287, February 15, 2000
 Mayuga v. Atienza, G.R. No. 208197, January 10, 2018
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Preterition v. Disinheritance
 Maninang v. CA, G.R. No. L-57848, June 19, 1982
E. Effect of predecease, incapacity, repudiation.

X. SUBSTITUTION OF HEIRS (Arts. 857-870)

A. Substitution defined; Purpose; Kinds of substitution;

Brief (brevilocua) and Compendious (compendiosa) substitution;
Reciprocal Substitution;
B. Fideicommissary substitution defined; purposes; requisites; effect of
nullity;
 De Perez v. Garchitorena, G.R. No. 31703, February 13, 1930
 De Crisologo v. Singson, G.R. No. L-13876, Feb. 28, 1962.
 Rabadilla v. CA, G.R. No. 113725, June 29, 2000

XI. CONDITIONAL TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS AND TESTAMENTARY

DISPOSITIONS WITH A TERM (Arts. 871- 885)

A. Conditions cannot affect the legitime;

 Natividad v. Gabino, G.R. No. 11386, March 31, 1917;
Effect of impossible conditions;
Condition not to contract marriage;
 Morente v. De la Santa, G.R. No. L-3891, December 19, 1907;
B. Disposition captatoria; When heir must comply with the condition;
Disposition with a suspensive term; Article 1025 of NCC;
C. Modal institution (institucion sub modo);
 Chiong Joc-Soy v. Vañ o, G.R. No. L-3459, March 22, 1907
 Rabadilla v. Court of Appeals, 334 SCRA 522;
D. When bond required (Caucion muciana)

XII. LEGITIME (Arts. 886-914)

A. Concept of legitime;
Teng v. Ting, G.R. No. 184237, September 21, 2016

B. Compulsory heirs;
 Heirs of Estella v. Estella, G.R. No. 245469, December 9, 2020
 Rosales vs. Rosales, G.R. No. L-40789, February 27, 1987
 Baritua vs. CA, G.R. No. 82233, March 22, 1990
C. Classes of Compulsory Heirs;
D. Reserva Troncal;
 Frias Chua v. CFI of Negros Occidental, G.R. No. L-29901, Aug. 31,
1977;
 Lacerna v. Vda. De Corcino, L-14603, April 29, 1961;
Requisites;
 Solivio v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 83484, February 12, 1990;
 Mendoza v. Delos Santos, G.R. No. 176422, Mar. 20, 2013;
Purpose of Reserva Troncal or lineal
 Padura vs. Baldovino, G.R. No. L-11960, December 27, 1958
Reservista’s right to the property vis-à -vis the reservatarios
 Director of Lands vs. Aguas, G.R. No. 42737, August 11, 1936
 Edroso vs. Sablan, G.R. No. 6878, September 13, 1913
 Lunsod vs. Ortega, G.R. No. 14904, September 19, 1921
 Riosa vs. Rocha, G.R. No. L-23770, February 18, 1926
Duty to Annotate the Reservable Character of the Property
 Sumaya vs. IAC, G.R. No. 68843-44, September 2, 1991
Principles of intestacy controlling in reserva truncal
 Florentino vs. Florentino, G.R. No. 14856, November 15, 1919
 6

Reserva applies only to legitimate family,

 Nieva v. Alcala, G.R. No. 13386, October 27, 1920;
 De Papa v. Camacho, G.R. No. L-28032, September 24, 1986
Prescriptive period to claim the reservable property
 Velayo Bernardo v. Siojo, G.R. No. 36078, March 11, 1933
E. Computation of legitime.
 Francisco v. Alfonso, G.R. No. 138774, March 8, 2001
 Llorente v. Rodriguez, et al., G.R. No. 36078, March 11, 1933
F. No conditions can be imposed on the legitime; Non-diminution of
legitime; Renunciation or Compromise Re future Legitime;
 Reyes v. Barretto-Datu, L-17818, Jan. 25, 1967, 19 SCRA 85;
G. Reduction of Inofficious Testamentary Dispositions; Formula for the
Computation of the Net Hereditary Estate.

XIII. DISINHERITANCE (Arts. 915-923)

A. Disinheritance Defined; Requisites;

 Ching v. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 192828, Nov. 28, 2011;
Causes for Disinheritance
B. Ineffective Disinheritance;
C. Disinheritance of descendants;
 Pecson v. Mediavillo, G.R. No. 7890, September 29, 1914
D. Disinheritance of ascendants; Disinheritance of a spouse;
E. Effects of Reconciliation

XIV. LEGACIES AND DEVISES (Arts. 924-959)

A. Legacies and Devises,

 Pastor, Jr. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-56340, June 24, 1983;
 Estipona v. Estate of Aquino, G.R. No. 207407, September 29, 2021
Liability for eviction
B. Effect of Interest of a third person in the thing bequeathed; Effect if the
legatee or devises owns the thing
C. Legacy of credit or remission of debts; legacy to a creditor; Effect of
payment;
Articles 2154, 1429, 1430 of NCC;
D. Generic legacy; Legacy for education and support; periodical pension;
when legatee or devisee acquires the right
E. Order of Payment of legacies; effect of repudiation, incapacity or
predecease; ineffective legacies;
 Testate Estate of Pablo v. Lim, G.R. No. L-48627, February 19, 1943

XV. LEGAL OR INTESTATE SUCCESSION (Arts. 960-1014)

A. Legal Succession Defined;

 Testate Estate of the Late Adrian Maloto v. Maloto, L-32328, Sept.
30, 1977, 79 SCRA 232;
 Dorotheo v. CA, G.R. No. 108581, December 8, 1999
B. Order of Preference; Rule of preference between lines; Rule of
Proximity;
 Heirs of Uriarte v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116775, January 22,
1998;
 Bagunu v. Piedad, G.R. No. 140975, December 8, 2000;
C. Rule of Equal Division and exceptions;
D. Relationship; Determination of Degree of Relationship; Full Blood and
half blood relations; Incapacity or repudiation by relatives of the same
degree
D. Right of Representation;
 Sayson v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 89224-25, January 23, 1992;
 Pavia v. Iturralde, G.R. No. L-2599, October 27, 1905;
 7

Division of the estate in representation; representation in collateral line;

When only nephews and nieces survive; Renouncer may represent but
may not be represented
H. Order of Intestate Succession; Descending Direct line; Adopted child;
Article 189-190 of the Family Code; Section 41 & 43 of RA 11642;
I. Inheritance by Parents and Ascendants;
J. Illegitimate Children; The Barrier Between the Legitimate and the
Illegitimate Families;
 Pascual v. Pascual-Bautista, G.R. No. 84240, Mar. 25, 1992;
 Diaz, et al. v. IAC, et al., G.R. No. L-66574, February 21, 1990;
 Heirs of Arado v. Alcoran, G.R. No. 163362, July 8, 2015;
 Leonardo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L– 51263, Feb. 28, 1983;
 Rodriguez v. Reyes, G.R. No. L-7760, September 30, 1955;
 Landayan v. Bacani, et al., G.R. No. L-30455, September 30, 1982;
 Manuel v. Ferrer, G.R. No. 117246, August 21, 1995;
 Corpus v. Corpus, G.R. No. L-22469, Oct. 23, 1978;
 Aquino v. Aquino, G.R. No. 208912 and 209018, Dec. 7, 2021;
 Suntay III v. Cojuangco-Suntay, G.R. No. 183053, [June 16, 2010]
 Vda. de De la Rosa v. Heirs of Rustia, G.R. No. 155733, [January 27,
2006]

K. Inheritance by the Illegitimate Parents;

L. Intestate Shares of Surviving Spouse;
 Verdad v. CA, G.R. No. 109972, April 29, 1996;
 Sps. Coja v. CA, G.R. No. 151153, December 10, 2007;
M. Inheritance by Collaterals; Shares of Brothers and Sisters; Presence of
a “Brother”;
 De Bacayo v. De Borromeo, et al., G.R. No. L-19382, Aug. 31, 1965;
Shares of Brothers and Sisters Concurring With Nephews and Nieces;
Right of Representation in the Collateral Line;
 Cacho v. Udan, G.R. No. L-19996, April 30, 1965;
 GSIS v. Custodio, G.R. No. L-26170, Jan. 27, 1969;
Full Blood Concurring With Half Blood;
 Bicomong v. Almanza, G.R. No. L-37365, Nov. 29, 1977;
Half Blood Brothers and Sisters From Both Sides; How Children of
Brothers and Sisters of the Half Blood Inherit; Inheritance by Other
Collateral Relatives;
 De Papa v. Camacho, G.R. No. 28032, Sept. 24, 1986.
F. The State – Inheritance by the State; How the State Inherits;
ESCHEATS; How Estate Inherited by the State is Distributed; Rule If
Legal Heir Files a Claim.
 The City of Manila v. the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila, G.R.
No. 10033, August 30, 1917.

XVI. PROVISIONS COMMON TO TESTATE AND INTESTATE SUCCESSION

(Arts. 1015-1105)

A. Right of accretion; concept of accretion;

 Torres v. Lopez, G.R. No. L-25966, November 1, 1926;
Accretion in legal succession
B. Capacity to succeed by Will or Intestacy; Grounds of Incapacity;
Absolute and Relative Incapacity;
 Nepomuceno v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-62952, October 9, 1985;
C. Disposition for Prayers and Pious Works; Disposition in favor of the
poor; Interposition of another for unqualified heir;
D. Disqualification by reason of unworthiness; Acts of Unworthiness;
Express and Implied Condonation
 De la Cruz vs. De la Cruz, 130 Phil. 324 (1968)
 Duncan vs. CFI of Rizal, G.R. No. L-30576, February 10, 1976
 Santos vs. Aranzanso, G.R. No. L-23828, February 28, 1966
 8

Representation of the excluded heir; Effect of alienation or administration;

Indemnity for necessary, useful expenses or for pure luxury; Laws governing
the capacity to succeed; Prescriptive period to recover the inheritance.

E. Acceptance and Repudiation of Inheritance; Forms of Acceptance;

Requisites; Manner of Repudiation;
 Republic v. Guzman, GR. No. 132964, Feb. 18, 2000
F. Executors and administrators
G. Collation; steps in collation; effect if donation is inofficious; Donations
to children; Expenses not subject to collation; Art. 194 of FC; wedding
gifts; Fruits of collationable property; Reimbursement of expenses
 Vda. De Tupas v. RTC of Negros Occidental, G.R. No. L-65800, October
3, 1986;
 Vizconde v. CA, G.R. No. 118449, February 11, 1998;
 Imperial v. CA, G.R. No. 112483, October 8, 1999
 De Roma v. CA, G.R. No. L-46903, July 23, 1987;
Questions of ownership may be resolved provisionally
 Garcia vs. Garcia, G.R. No. 45430, April 15, 1939;
 Cabado vs. Inserto, G.R. No. L-56504 & L-59867-68, May 7, 1987;
 Vda. De Borromeo vs. Canonoy, G.R. No. L-25010, March 30, 1967;
 Lachenal vs. Salas, G.R. No. L-42257, June 14, 1976;

H. Partition and distribution of the Estate;
 Mendoza v. CA, 199 SCRA 779 (1991);
 Balanay v Martinez, 64 SCRA 452 (1975);
Sale of hereditary rights before partition; Legal redemption of co-heirs;
 Opulencia v. CA, G.R. No. 125835, Jul. 30, 1998;
 Plan v. IAC, G.R. No. L-65656, Feb. 28, 1985;
Effects of Partition; Rescission and Nullity of Partition;
 Cruz v. Cruz, G.R. 211153, Feb. 28, 2018;
 Escabarte v. Heirs of Isaw, G.R. No. Aug. 28, 2019;
 Espinas-Lanuza v. Luna, Jr., G.R. No. 229775, Mar. 11, 2019