Criminal Law I

LPU Law - 1D
Atty. Ramon Cedro

I. General Principles of Criminal Law

A. Nature and definition

Ient v. Tullett Prebon, G.R. No. 189158, 11 January 2017

B. Characteristics of Criminal Law

1. General

a. Art. 2, RPC

b. Art. 14, Civil Code

c. Exceptions

1) Public International Law (Sovereign, head of the

States, attaché)

2) Laws of Preferential Application (Congressman and

Senators enjoy Parliamentary Immunity; R.A. 75

3) Treaty Stipulations (U.S. RP Base Agreement or

Military exercises)

d. Cases

Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, 28 January 2000

Minucher v. Scalzo, G.R. No. 142396, 11 February 2003

People v. Jalosjos G.R. No. 132875-76, 3 February 2000

Mapa v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 100295, 26 April 1994

2. Territorial

a. Art. 2, RPC

b. Art. 1, 1987 Philippine Constitution

c. Exceptions:

1) Should commit an offense while on a Philippine ship or

airship;
 2) Should forge or counterfeit any coin or currency note of the
Philippine Islands or obligations and securities issued by the
Government of the Philippine Islands;

3) Should be liable for acts connected with the introduction

into these islands of the obligations and securities mentioned
in the preceding number;

4) While being public officers or employees, should commit an

offense in the exercise of their functions; or

5) Should commit any of the crimes against national security

and the law of nations, defined in Title One of Book Two of
this Code.

d. Cases

United States v. Look Chaw, G.R. No. L-5887, 16 December 1910

United States v. Ah Sing, G.R. No. L-13005, 10 October 1917

People v. Tulin, G.R. No. 111709, 30 August 2001, 364 SCRA 10

People v. Wong Cheng, G.R. No. L-18924, 19 October 1922

United States v. Bull, G.R. No. L-5270, 15 January 1910

3. Prospective

a. Article 21 and 22, RPC

b. Article 366, RPC

c. Art. 4, Civil Code

d. Art. 3, Sec. 22, 1987 Constitution

e. Exception to the prospective application of Criminal Law

f. Exception to the exception

g. Effects of repeal

h. Cases

Tavera v. Valdez, G.R. No. L-922, 8 November 1902

United States v. Soliman, G.R. No. L-11555, 6 January 1917

Gumabon v. Director of Prisons, G.R. No. L-30026, 30 January1971

C. Sources of Criminal Law

1. Revised Penal Code

2. Special Penal Laws

3. Presidential Decrees

D. Constitutional Limitations on Criminal Law

1. Due process and Equal protection (Art. 3, Sec. 1, 1987 Constitution)

White Light Corp. v. City of Manila, G.R. No. 122846, 20 January

2009

Garcia v. Drilon, G.R. No. 179267, 25 June 2013

2. Freedom of expression (Art. 3, Sec. 4, 1987 Constitution)

Guingguing v. People, G.R. No. 128959, 30 September 2005.

3. Freedom of religion (Art. 3, Sec. 5, 1987 Constitution)

Estrada v. Escritor, AM No. P-02-1651, 22 June 2006, 492 SCRA 1

4. No excessive fines, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment.

(Art. 3, Sec. 19, 1987 Constitution)

People v. Echagaray, G.R. No. 117472, 7 February 1997, 267 SCRA

682

Corpuz v. People, G.R. No. 180016, 29 April 2014

5. Non-imprisonment for debt or non-payment of poll tax (Art. 3,Sec.
19, 1987 Constitution)

6. Bill of attainder (Art. 3, Sec. 22, 1987 Constitution)

People v. Ferrer, L-32613-14, 27 December 1972, 48 SCRA 382

7. Ex-post facto laws (Art. 3, Sec. 22, 1987 Constitution) US v. Diaz

Conde, L-18208, 14 February 1922

E. Construction and interpretation

1. Liberally in favour of the accused

2. Spanish text of the RPC prevails over the English text People v.
Abilong, L-1960, 26 November 1948.
 3. Retroactive application when favourable to the accused

4. Prescribed but undeserved penalties (Art. 5, RPC) People v.

Formigones, L-3246, 29 November 1950

5. Suppletory application of RPC to Special Penal Laws (Art. 10, RPC)

Ladonga v. People, G.R. No. 141066, 17 February 2005

People v. Simon, G.R. No. 93028, 29 July 1994

II. General Principles of Criminal Liability

A. Felony, defined (Art. 3, RPC)

B. Elements of criminal liability

1. Physical element (Actus reus)

a. Act

b. Omission

People v. Sylvestre and Atienza, G.R. No. 35748, 14

December 1931, 56 Phil. 353

People v. Talingdan, L-32126, 6 July 1978, 84 SCRA 19

2. Mental element (Mens rea)

a. Deliberate intent (Dolo)

Manuel v. People, G.R. No. 165842, 29 November

2005

U.S. v. Apostol, G.R. No. 5126, 2 September 1909

i. Elements of dolo

ii. General and specific intent

People v. Puno, G.R. No. 97471, 17 February

1993, 219 SCRA 85

People v. Delim, G.R. No. 142773, 28 January

2003
 iii. Mistake of fact

US v. Ah Chong, G.R. No. 5272, 19 March 1910,

15 Phil. 488

People v. Oanis, G.R. No. 47722, 27 July 1943,

74 Phil. 257

iv. Malum prohibitum as exception to the

requirement of mens rea

Padilla v. Dizon, AC No. 3086, 23 February

1988, 1 58 SCRA 127

Magno v. CA, G.R. No. 96132, 26 June 1992, 210

SCRA 475

Garcia v. CA, G.R. No. 157171, 14 March 2006,

484 SCRA 617

v. Intent distinguished from motive

People v. Ballesteros, G.R. No. 120921, 29

January 1998

People v. Turtoga, G.R. No. 135536, 6 June 2002

vi. Instances when motive becomes material

People v. Gadiana, G.R. No. 92509, 13 March
1991

People vs. Boholst-Caballero, No. L23249, 25

November 1974

People vs. Beltran, No. L-31860, 29 November

1974

People vs. Melgar, No. L-75268, 29 January

1988

People v. Ballinas, G.R. No. 93300, 4 October

1991

b. Constructive intent (Culpa) Art. 3 and 365

i. Elements

ii. Imprudence or lack of skill

 iii. Negligence or lack of foresight

People v. Pugay, L-74324, 17 November 1988,

167 SCRA 439

Ivler v. San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, 17

November 2010.

c. Transferred intent (Art. 4, par. 1)

i. Aberratio ictus

People v. Guillen, L-1477, 18 January 1950, 85

Phil. 307

People v. Adriano, G.R. No. 205228, 15 July

2015

Talampas v. People, G.R. No. 180219, 23

November 2011

ii. Error in personae

People v. Sabalones, G.R. No. 123485, 31

August 1998, 294 SCRA 751

iii. Praeter intentionem

People vs. Albuquerque, G.R.

No.38773,19December 1933, 59Phil.150

3. Concurrence

4. Resulting harm

5. Causation

Bataclan v. Medina, L-10126, 22 October 1957, 102 Phil. 181

People v. Iligan, G.R. No. 75369, 26 November 1990

Urbano v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 72964, 7

January 1988

C. Impossible Crimes (Art. 4, Par. 2)

Intod v. CA, G.R. No. 103119, 21 October 1992, 215 SCRA 52

 People v. Saladino, L-3634, 30 May 1951, 89 Phil. 807 Jacinto v.
People, G.R. No. 162540, 13 July 2009.

III. Stages of execution

A. Attempted Stage

B. Frustrated Stage

C. Consummated crimes

US v. Eduave, G.R. No. 12155, 2 February 1917, 36 Phil. 209

Rivera v. People, G.R. No. 166326, 25 January 2006, 480 SCRA 188

Baleros v. People, G.R. No. 138033, 22 February 2006, 483 SCRA 10

D. Stages of execution in relation to specific felonies

1. Theft

Valenzuela v. People, G.R. No. 160188, 21 June 2007

2. Illegal Trespass

People v. Lamahang, L-43530, 3 August 1935, 61 Phil. 703

3. Physical Injuries, Homicide, and Murder

People v. Borinaga, G.R. No. 33463, 18 December 1930, 55

Phil. 433

People v. Kalalo, G.R. No. 39303-05, 17 March 1934, 59 Phil.

715

People v. Trinidad, G.R. No. 79123-25, 9 January 1989, 169

SCRA 51

Martinez v. CA, G.R. No. 168827, 13 April 2007.

Mondragon v. People, L-17666, 30 June 1966, 17 SCRA 476

People v. Sy Pio, L-5848, 30 April 1954, 94 Phil. 885

4. Robbery

People v. Dio, L-36461, 29 June 1984, 130 SCRA 151

People v. Salvilla, G.R. No. 86163, 26 April 1990.

 5 Rape

People v. Orita, G.R. No. 88724, 3 April 1990, 184 SCRA 105

People v. Campuhan, G.R. No. 129433, 30 March 2000

6. Arson

US v. Valdes, L-14128, 10 December 1918.

IV. Conspiracy and proposals to commit a felony (Art. 8)

1. Conspiracy and proposal, when punished?

2. As a manner of incurring criminal liability.

People v. Aguilos, G.R. No. 121828, 27 June 2003

Dungo v. People, G.R. No. 209464, 1 July 2015

People v. Larranaga, 421 SCRA 530, 3 February 2004

People v. Garchitorena, 597 SCRA 420, August 28, 2009

People v. Carandang, G.R. No. 175926, 6 July 2011

People v. Dadao, G.R. No. 201860, 22 January 2104

People v. Octa, G.R. No. 195196, 13 July 2015

People v. Feliciano, G.R. No. 196735, 5 May 2104

People v. Morilla, G.R. No. 189833, 5 February 2014

People v. Bokingco, G.R. No. 187536, 10 August 2011

Fernan v. People, G.R. No. 145927, 24 August 2007

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo v. People, G.R. No. 220598, 19 July 2016

Go-Tan v. Tan, G.R. No. 168852, September 30, 2008

Republic Act No. 10951

V. Circumstances that affect criminal liability

A. Justifying circumstances

1. Defense of self, relatives, and strangers

Manaban v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 150723, 11 July 2006.

 Senoja v. People, G.R. No. 160341, 19 October 2004.

People v. Decena, G.R. No. 107874, 4 August 1994, 235 SCRA

67

People v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 128359, 6 December 2000, 347

SCRA 100

People v. Jaurigue, G.R. No. 384, 21 February 1946, 76 Phil.

174

People v. Narvaez, L-33466-67, 20 April 1983, 121 SCRA 389

(see also dissents of J. Abad Santos and J. Gutierrez, Jr.)

Sabang v. People, G.R. No. 168818, 9 March 2007, 518 SCRA

35

People v. Dagani, G.R. No. 153875, 16 August 2006, 499

SCRA 64

Palaganas v. People, G.R. No. 165483, 12 September 2006,

501 SCRA 533

2 Avoidance of greater evil

People v. Ricohermoso, L-30527-28, 29 March 1974, 56 SCRA

431

People v. Norma Hernandez, CA-G.R. No. 22553-R, 14 April

1959, 55 OG 8465

3. Fulfillment of duty

People v. Delima, L-18660, 22 December 1922, 46 Phil. 738

People v. Lagata, L-1940-42, 24 March 1949, 83 Phil. 150

Mamangun v. People, G.R. No. 149152, 2 February 2007

People v. Dagani, G.R. No. 153875, 16 August 2006, 499

SCRA 64

4. Obedience to a lawful order of a superior

People v. Beronilla, L-4445, 28 February 1955, 96 Phil. 566

Tabuena v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 103501-03, 17 February

1997, 268 SCRA 332
 5. Absolutory Causes

a. Art. 6 (3), RPC

b. Art. 20, RPC

c. Art. 247, RPC

d. Art. 280, RPC

e. Art. 332, RPC

f. Section 21 of Republic Act No. 9165, as amended by

Republic Act No. 10640

Intestate Estate of Manolita Gonzales v. People, G.R.

No. 181409, 11 February 2010

People v. Lua Chu, G.R. No. 34917, 7 September 1931

People v. Doria, G.R. No. 125299, 22 January 1999

People v. Miranda, G.R. No. 231989, 4 September 2018

B. Exempting Circumstances

1. Insanity

People v. Taneo, L-37673, 31 March 1933, 58 Phil. 255

People v. Bonoan, L-45130, 17 February 1937, 64 Phil. 87

People v. Dungo, G.R. No. 89420, 31 July 1991, 199 SCRA 860

People v. Rafanan, L-54135, 21 November 1991, 204 SCRA 65

People v. Madarang, G.R. No. 132319, 12 May 2000, 332

SCRA 99

People v. Robios, G.R. No. 138453, 29 May 2002, 382 SCRA

581

People v. Opuran, G.R. Nos. 147674-75, 17 March 2004, 425

SCRA 654

Verdadero v. People, G.R. No. 216021, 2 March 2016 People

v. Genosa, 341 SCRA 493, 419 SCRA 537

RA 9262 (Re: Battered Woman Syndrome)

 See also: Maria Diory F. Rabajante, The Privilege of Being
Insane: An Examination of, and a Saner Alternative to the
Insane Rule on Insanity Defense, 49 San Beda L.J. 1 (March
2012)

2. Minority

RA 9344 as amended by RA 10630.

People v. Doqueña, G.R. No. 46539, 27 September 1939, 68

Phil. 580

Ortega v. People, G.R. No. 151085, 20 August 2008

People v. Mantalaba, G.R. No. 186227, 20 July 2011.

3. Accident

US v. Tañedo, L-5418, 12 February 1910, 15 Phil. 196

People v. Castillo, G.R. No. 172695, 29 June 2007, 526 SCRA

215

People v. Retubado, G.R. No. 124058, 10 December 2003

Pomoy v. People, G.R. No. 150647, 29 September 2004, 439

SCRA 439

4. Irresistible force or uncontrollable fear of a greater injury

US v. Caballeros, G.R. No. 1352, 29 March 1905, 4 Phil. 350

People v. Loreno, L-54414, 9 July 1984, 130 SCRA 311

People v. Del Rosario, G.R. No. 127755, 14 April 1999, 305

SCRA 740

5. Insuperable cause

People v. Bandian, G.R. No. 45186, 30 September 1936, 63

Phil. 530 (see also: separate opinion of J. Villareal)

C. Other exculpatory causes

1. Instigation

People v. Lua Chu, G.R. No. 34917, 7 September 1931, 56

Phil. 44
 People v. Doria, G.R. No. 125299, 22 January 1999, 301 SCRA
668

2. Pardon (Art. 266-C and Art. 344)

3. Absolutory circumstances

a. Art. 6 (3)

b. Art. 20

c. Art. 247

d. Art. 280*

e. Art. 332

D. Mitigating Circumstances

1. Classes of Mitigating Circumstances

a. Privileged

i. Art. 13 (2) and Art. 68

ii. Art. 13 (1) and Art. 69

People v. Jaurigue, G.R. No. 384, 21 February

1946, 76 Phil. 174

People v. Narvaez, L-33466-67, 20 April 1983,

121 SCRA 389

People v. Ulep, G.R. No. 132547, 20 September

2000

Guillermo v. People, G.R. No. 153287, 20

January 2009.

b. Ordinary

i. Lack of intent to commit so grave a wrong

People v. Ural, L-30801, 27 March 1974, 56

SCRA 138

People v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 139542, 21 June

2001, 359 SCRA 352

ii. Sufficient provocation

 People v. Pagal, L-32040, 25 October 1977, 79
SCRA 570

Urbano v. People, G.R. No. 182750, 20 January

2009

iii. Vindication of a wrong

People v. Benito, L-32042, 13 February 1975, 74

SCRA 271

Bacabac v. People, G.R. No. 149372, 11

September 2007

iv. Passion or obfuscation

US v. Hicks, G.R. No. 4971, 23 September 1909,

14 Phil. 217

US v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 7094, 29 March 1912,

22 Phil. 429

People v. Gelaver, G.R. No. 95357, 9 June 1993,

223 SCRA 310

People v. Bello, L-18792, 28 February 1964

v. Voluntary surrender or plea of guilt

People v. Amaguin, G.R. Nos. 54344-45, 10

January 1994, 229 SCRA 166

People v. Dela Cruz, L-45284, 29 December

1936, 63 Phil. 874

vi. Deafness, muteness, blindness, or other

physical defect which restricts the offender’s
means of action, defense, or communication

vii. Illness as would diminish the exercise of will-

power without depriving the offender of
consciousness of his acts.

viii. Analogous circumstances

Canta v. People, G.R. No. 140937, 28 February

2001
E. Aggravating Circumstances

People v. Legaspi, G.R. Nos. 136164-65, 20 April 2001

1. Classes of Aggravating Circumstances

a. Generic

b. Qualifying

c. Specific

d. Inherent

e. Special

2. Taking advantage of public office

People v. Capalac, L-38297, 23 October 1982, 117 SCRA 874

People v. Gapasin, G.R. No. 73489, 25 April 1994, 231 SCRA

728

3. Insult to public authority

People v. Tiongson, L-35123-24, 25 July 1984, 130 SCRA 614

People v. Magdueño, L-68699, 22 September 1986, 144 SCRA

210

People v. Tac-an, G.R. Nos. 76338-89, 26 February 1990.

4. Disregard of rank, age, or sex, and dwelling;

People v. Diaz, G.R. No. L-24002, 21 January 1974.

People v. Arizobal, G.R. No. 135051-52, 14 December 2000,

348 SCRA 143

People v. Daniel, G.R. No. L-40330, 20 November 1978

People v. Apduhan, L-19491, 30 August 1968

5. Abuse of confidence or obvious ungratefulness

People v. Mandolado, L-51304-05, 28 June 1983, 123 SCRA

133

6. The crime is committed in the palace of Chief Executive, in

his presence, where public authorities are engaged in the
 discharge of their duties, or place dedicated to religious
worship;

7. Nighttime, uninhabited place, or by a band;

People v. Garcia, L-30449, 31 October 1979, 94 SCRA 14

People v. Rodas, G.R. No. 175881, 28 August 2007

People v. Damaso, L-30116, 20 November 1978, 86 SCRA 370

(uninhabited)

8. Crime committed on the occasion of conflagration,

shipwreck, earthquake, epidemic, or other calamity or
misfortune;

9. Aid of armed men or persons who afford impunity;

10. Recidivism

People v. Baldera, L-2390, 24 April 1950, 86 Phil. 189

11. Reiteracion

12. Habitual delinquency (Art. 62, par. 5);

People v. Melendrez, G.R. No. 39913, 19 December 1933,

59Phil.154

13. Quasi- recidivism (Art. 160)

14. Price, reward, or promise;

15. Inundation, fire, poison, etc.

16. Evident premeditation;

US v. Manalinde, G.R. No. 5292, 28 August 1909, 14 Phil. 77

People v. Ilaoa, G.R. No. 94308, 16 June 1994, 233 SCRA 231

People v. Bibat, G.R. No. 124319, 13 May 1998, 290 SCRA 27

17. Craft, fraud, or disguise;

People v. Empacis, G.R. No. 95756, 14 May 1993, 222 SCRA

59

18. Taking advantage of superior strength, or means employed

to weaken the defense;
 People v. Bigcas, G.R. No. 94534, 2 July 1992, 211 SCRA 631

19. Treachery;

People v. Sangalang, L-32914, 30 August 1974, 58 SCRA 737

People v. San Pedro, L-44274, 22 January 1980, 95 SCRA 306

People v. Castillo, G.R. No. 120282, 20 April 1998, 289 SCRA

213

People v. Arizobal, G.R. No. 135051-52, 14 December 2000,

348 SCRA 143

People v. Escote, G.R. No. 140756, 4 April 2003, 400 SCRA

603

People v. Villonez, G.R. Nos. 122976-77, 16 November 1998,

359 Phil. 95, 1998

People v. Guzman, G.R. No. 169246, 26 January 2007

20 Ignominy;

People v. Torriefel CA-GR. No. 659-R, 29 November 1947, 45

OG 803

People v. Jose, L-28232, 6 February 1971, 37 SCRA 450

People v. Butler, L-50276, 27 January 1983, 120 SCRA 281

People v. Saylan, L-36941, 29 June 1984, 130 SCRA 159

People v. Sultan, G.R. No. 132470, 27 April 2000, 331 SCRA

216

21 Unlawful entry;

Breaking of wall, roof, floor, door, or window;

Aid of persons under fifteen years old, use of motor vehicles,

airships, or other similar means;

22. Cruelty;

Organized or syndicated crime group;

Use of illegal firearms or explosives – see RA 10591

People v. Ladjaalam, G.R. Nos. 136149-51, 19 September 2000

 Celino v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 170562, 29 June 2007

Use of dangerous drugs while committing a felony – Sec. 25

of RA 9165

Use of information and communications technologies in

committing a felony – Sec. 6, RA 10175

F. Alternative Circumstances

1. Relationship

People v. Atop, G.R. No. 124303-05, 10 February 1998, 286

SCRA 157

2. Intoxication

US v. McMann, L-2229, 1 July 1905, 4 Phil. 561

3. Degree of Instruction

People v. San Pedro, L-44274, 22 January 1980, 95 SCRA 306

VI. Persons Criminally Liable

A. Principals – Art. 17

People v. Yanson-Dumancas, G.R. No. 133527-28, 13 December

1999, 320 SCRA 584

People v. Maluenda, G.R. No. 115351, 27 March 1998, 288 SCRA 225

People v. Montealegre, L-67948, 31 May 1988

People v. Madali, L-67803, 30 July 1990

B. Accomplices – Art. 18

Abejuela v. People, G.R. No. 80130, 19 August 1991, 200 SCRA 806

People v. Doble, L-30028, 31 May 1982, 114 SCRA 131

People v. Doctolero, G.R. No. 34386, 7 February 1991, 193 SCRA 632

People v. De Vera, G.R. No. 128966, 18 August 1999, 312 SCRA 640

Garces v. People, G.R. No. 173858, 17 July 2007

C. Accessories – Art. 19 and 20 (RPC); PD 1612; PD 1829

People v. Talingdan, L-32126, 6 July 1978, 84 SCRA 19

 Dizon-Pamintuan v. People, G.R. No. 111426, 11 July 1994

VII. Plurality of Crimes

A. Compound crime (delito compuesto)

People v. Tabaco, G.R. No. 100382, 19 March 1997 People v. Valdez,

G.R. No. 127663, 11 March 1999

People v. Sanchez, G.R No. 131116, 27 August 1999, 313 SCRA 254

B. Complex crime proper (delito complejo)

People vs. Hernandez, L-6025-26, 18 July 1956, 99 Phil. 515 Enrile

vs. Salazar, G.R. No. 92163, 5 June 1990, 184 SCRA 217 People v.
Garcia, G.R. No. 141125, 28 February 2002 Batulanon v. People,
G.R. No. 139857, 15 September 2006

C. Continuing crime (delito continuado)

People v. Madrigal-Gonzales, L-16688, 30 April 1963 Gamboa v.

Court of Appeals, L-41054, 28 November 1975

People v. Mallari, G.R. No. L-58886, 13 December 1988

Santiago v. Garchitorena, G.R. No. 109266, 2 December 1993

D. Composite Crimes/Special Complex Crimes

1. Art. 266-B

2. Art. 267

3. Art. 294

4. Art. 297

5. Art. 320

E. Complex crimes in relation to Quasi-crimes

Ivler v. San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, 17 November 2010

VIII. Penalties

A. Imposable penalties

1. Principal penalties
 a. Capital punishment – Sec. 19, Art III of the
1987 Constitution; RA 7659, RA 8177; RA 9346;
Art. 40 and 47 Revised Penal Code; RA 9346

People v. Bon, G.R. No. 166401, 30 October

2006

b. Afflictive penalties

i. Reclusion perpetua – RA 7659, Art. 27 of

Revised Penal Code

People v. Lucas, G.R. No. 108172, 25

May 1994;

People v. Lucas, G.R. No. 108172, 9

January 1995;

People v. Latupan, G.R. No. 112453, 28

June 2001

ii. Reclusion temporal

iii. Perpetual or temporary absolute

disqualification – Article 30

iv. Perpetual or temporary special

disqualification –

v. Prision mayor – Art. 27

c. Correctional penalties – Art. 27, 39, and 44

2. Accessory penalties

a. Perpetual or temporary absolute

disqualification

b. Perpetual or temporary special

disqualification

c. Suspension from public office, the right to vote

and be voted for, the profession or calling

d. Civil interdiction

e. Indemnification
 f. Forfeiture or confiscation of the instruments
and proceeds of the offense

g. Payment of costs

3. Subsidiary penalty – Art. 39; See also: RA 10159

B. Application and computation of penalties

1. General rules – Art. 5, 21, 28, 29 (see also RA 10592), 46, 73- 77

2. Specific Rules

a. Complex Crimes (Art. 48)

Prision correccional Arresto mayor Suspension Destierro

Light penalties – Art. 27, 39, and 44

Arresto menor

Public censure Common penalties – Art.25

Fines – Art. 26, 39, and 66

Bond to keep the peace – Art. 27 and 35 2. Accessory

penalties – Art. 40 -45

b. Crime different from that which was intended – Art. 49

c. Effect of degree of participation and stage of commission –

Art. 50 -57, 60-61

d. Additional penalty for certain accessories – Art. 58

e. Impossible crimes – Art. 59

f. Effect of mitigating, aggravating, and qualifying

circumstances – Art. 62-66

g. Incomplete justifying or exempting circumstances – Art. 67

and 69

h. Minors – RA 9344

3. Indeterminate Sentence Law

People v. Lanuza, G.R. No. 188562, 17 August 2011

Talampas v. People, G.R. No. 180219, 23 November 2011

 People v. Temporada, G.R. No. 173473, 17 December 2008. See CJ
Puno Dissent and J. Corona Separate Opinion

C. Execution and service of penalties

1. General rules – Art. 47, 70, 78, and 86-88,

In re Petition for Habeas Corpus, Pete Lagran, G.R. No. 147270, 15

A ugust 2001, 363 SCRA 275

2. Probation Law (PD 968 as amended)

See also: RA 10707

3. Suspension of sentence

a. In cases of insanity – Art. 79

b. Minors
i. Section 31-35 of AM No. 02-1-18-SC
ii. RA 9344

IX. Extinction of criminal liability

A. Total – Art. 89-93

Sermonia v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 109454, 14 june 1994

Republic v. Desierto, G.R. No. 136506, 23 August 2001, 363 SCRA 585

See also: Act No. 3362 as amended by Act No. 3763

Romualdez v. Amrcelo, G.R. No. 165510, 28 July 2006

B. Partial – Art. 94-99; See also: amendmentsunder RA 10592

Cruz III v. Go, G.R. No. 223446, 28 November 2016

X. Civil liability arising from criminal liability – Art. 100-113

People v. Bayotas, G.R. No. 102007, 2 September 1994

Securities and Exchange Commission v. Intraport Resources Corp., G.R. No.

135808, 6 October 2008

People v. Consorte, G.R. No. 194068, 26 November 2014