Week 8: Rights under Custodial Investigation and Right to Bail

A. Rights under Custodial Investigation

[Sec. 12, Art. III, 1987 Constitution; Sec. 2, R.A. No. 7438]

1. Custodial Investigation

 People v. Baloloy, G.R. No. 140740, 12 April 2002.

 People v. Lugod, G.R. No. 136253, 21 February 2001.
 People v. Amestuzo, G.R. No. 104383, 12 July 2001.
 People v. Guillermo, G.R. No. 147786, 20 January 2004.

2. Miranda Rights

[Sec. 12 (1), Art. III, 1987 Constitution; Section 2(d)(e), R.A. 7438]

a. Right to remain silent

b. Right to competent and independent counsel

 Gamboa v. Cruz, G.R. No. L-56291, 27 June 1988.

 People v. Sayaboc, G.R. No. 147201, 15 January 2004.
 People v. Peralta, G.R. No. 145176, 30 March 2004.
 People v. Ordoño, G.R. No. 132154, 29 June 2000.
 People v. Alberto, G.R. No. 132374, 22 August 2002.

c. Right to be informed of such rights

 People v. Nicandro, G.R. No. L-59378, 11 February 1986.

 People v. Canela, G.R. No. 97086, 8 May 1992.
 People v. Agustin, G.R. No. 110290, 25 January 1995.
 People v. Sayaboc, G.R. No. 147201, 15 January 2004.
B. Right to Bail

1. Bail, Defined
a. Sec. 1, Rule 114, Rules of Court.

2. Who Can Avail: Requirement of “Custody Of Law”

 Cortes v. Catral, A.M. No. RTJ-97-1387 (Resolution), 10 September 1997.
Week 9: Rights of the Accused

A. Rights of the accused

[Secs. 14, 18, 18(2), 20, Art. III, 1987 Constitution]

1. Right to due process of law

 Nuñez v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. L-50581-50617, 30 January 1982.

2. Right to presumption of innocence

 Lejano v. People, G.R. Nos. 176389 & 176864, 14 December 2010.
 Cosep v. People, G.R. No. 110353, 21 May 1998.
 People v. Mingoa, G.R. No. L-5371, 26 March 1953.
  Dizon-Pamintuan v. People, G.R. No. 111426, 11 July 1994.

3. Right to be heard
 People v. Holgado, G.R. No. L-2809, 22 March 1950.
 People v. Tulin, G.R. No. 111709, 30 August 2001.

4. Right to be informed of the nature and cause of accusation

 People v. Manalili y Bolisay, G.R. No. 121671, 14 August 1998.
 People v. Bayya, G.R. No. 127845, 10 March 2000.
 People v. Gabiana, G.R. No. 123543, 23 August 2000.
 Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096, 20 January 1999.
3. Standards for Fixing Bail
 People v. Dacudao, G.R. No. 81389, 21 February 1989.
 Cortes v. Catral, A.M. No. RTJ-97-1387 (Resolution), 10 September 1997.

4. Right to Bail and Right to Travel

 Manotoc, Jr. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-62100, 30 May 1986.

5. Right to speedy, impartial, and public trial

 People v. Gines, G.R. No. 83463, 27 May 1991.
 Nelson Imperial v. Joson, G.R. Nos. 160067, 170410, & 171622, 17 November 2010.

i. Right to public trial vs. freedom of the press

 Estrada v. Desierto, G.R. Nos. 146710-15 & 146738, 2 March 2001.

B. Rights against Double Jeopardy

1. Double jeopardy, defined

 People v. Laguio, Jr., G.R. No. 128587, 16 March 2007.

2. Double jeopardy in continued or continuous crime

 Mallari v. People, G.R. No. 58886, 13 December 1988.

3. Reopening of criminal case and right against double jeopardy

 Sec. 24, Rule 119, Rules of Court.

4. Scope: appeal on civil aspect

 Manantan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107125, 29 January 2001.

C. Rights against Self Incrimination

1. Scope
 U.S. v. Tan Teng, G.R. No. 7081, 7 September 1912.
 People v. Ayson, G.R. No. 85215, 7 July 1989.

2. DNA testing and the right against self-incrimination

 People v. Yatar, G.R. No. 150224, 19 May 2004.

3. When applicable?
a. Cabal v. Kapunan, Jr., G.R. No. L-19052, 29 December 1962.

4. Use immunity v. Transactional immunity

a. Section 18(8), Article XIII, 1987 Constitution.
b. Section 8, R.A. No. 1379.
c. Section 5, Presidential Decree No. 1886.
 d. Galman v. Pamaran, G.R. Nos. 71208-09 and 71212-13, 30 August 1985.

5. Applicability of exclusionary rule

a. Sec. 12(3), Art. III, 1987 Constitution.
b. Sec. 17, Art. III, 1987 Constitution.

6. Effect of denial of privilege

a. Chavez v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-29169, 19 August 1968.
Week 10: Freedom of Expression and Association

A. Freedom of Expression

[Secs. 4, 18(1), 8, Art. III, 1987 Constitution]

1. Nature, purpose, and scope of guaranty

 Diocese of Bacolod v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 205728, January 21, 2015.

2. Major components

a. Freedom from prior restraint; censorship

 Ayer Productions Pty. Ltd. v. Capulong, G.R. Nos. 82380 & 82398, 29 April 1988.
 American Bible Society v. City of Manila, G.R. No. L-9637, 30 April 1957.
 Chavez v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 168338, 15 February 2008.

b. Freedom from subsequent punishment

 People v. Perez, G.R. No. 21049, 22 December 1923.

c. Unprotected utterances
 Policarpio v. Manila Times Publication Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-16027, 30 May 1962.
 Borjal v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126466, 14 January 1999.

d. Obscene matters
 Gonzalez v. Katigbak, G.R. No. L-69500, 22 July 1985

B. Right to Assemble; Freedom of Association

a. Sec. 2(5), Art. IX-B, 1987 Constitution.

b. Sec. 3(2), Art. XIII, 1987 Constitution.
c. Batas Pambansa Blg. 880, otherwise known as the “Public Assembly Act of 1985.”
d. Cases
 David v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. Nos. 171396, et. seq., 3 May 2006.
 Bayan v. Ermita, G.R. No. 169838, 25 April 2006

C. Facial challenge

 Southern Hemisphere Engagement Network, Inc. vs. Anti-Terrorism Council, G.R.

No. 178552, 5 October 2010.

D. Penumbral right
 Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965)
Week 11: Freedom of Religion

A. Freedom of Religion

[Sec. 5, Art. III; Sec. 2(5), Art. IX-C; Sec. 5(2), Art. VI; Sec. 29(2), Art. VI, 1987 Constitution)
1. Nature of the right

 Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651 (formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 00-1021-P), 4
August 2003.
 Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651 (formerly OCA I.P.I. No. 00-1021-P)
(Resolution), 22 June 2006.

2. Non-establishment of religion

[Sec. 6, Art. II, 1987 Constitution]

 Aglipay v. Ruiz, G.R. No. 45459, 13 March 1937.
 Garces v. Estenzo, G.R. No. L-53487, 25 May 1981.
 Islamic Da'wah Council of the Philippines v. Office of the Executive Secretary, G.R.
No. 153888, 9 July 2003.

i. Operation of sectarian schools

 Sec. 4(2), Art. XIV, 1987 Constitution.

ii. Religious instructions in public schools

 Sec. 3(3), Art. XIV, 1987 Constitution.
 Sec. 928, Executive Order No. 292, otherwise known as the “Revised
Administrative Code of the Philippines.”
 Art. 359(1), Civil Code of the Philippines.

iii. Tax exemption

 Sec. 28(3), Art. VI, 1987 Constitution.
 Roman Catholic Bishop of Nueva Segovia v. Provincial Board of Ilocos Norte,
G.R. No. 27588, 31 December 1927.
 Lung Center of the Philippines v. Quezon City, G.R. No. 144104, 29 June
2004.

iv. Public aid to religion

 Sec. 29(2), Art. VI, 1987 Constitution.

v. Public morals and religion

 Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 190582, 8 April 2010.

3. Free exercise of religion

 Ebralinag v. Division of Superintendent of Schools of Cebu, G.R. Nos.

95770 & 95887, 1 March 1993.

i. Freedom to propagate religious doctrine

 American Bible Society v. City of Manila, G.R. No. L-9637, 30 April 1957.
 Iglesia ni Cristo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119673, 26 July 1996.

ii. Religious belief and private employment

 Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers' Union, G.R. No. L25246, 12 September
1974.

iii. Religious belief and public employment

 Pamil v. Teleron, G.R. No. L-34854, 20 November 1978.
 Anonymous v. Radam, A.M. No. P-07-2333 (Resolution), 19 December 2007
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