Day 25 Lesson Plan

CURVILINEAR MOTION: RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS

POSITION
If the particle is at point (x, y, z) on the curved path s shown below, then its location is defined by the
position vector:

the magnitude of r is:

the direction of r is specified by the unit vector ur = r/r.

VELOCITY
The first time derivative of r yields the velocity of the particle

where,

ACCELERATION
The second time derivatives of the functions x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t).

Where,
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
At any instant, the horizontal position of the weather balloon is defined by x = (8t) ft, where t is in seconds. If the
equation of the path is y = x2/10, determine the magnitude of the velocity and acceleration when t = 2 s.

Sol’n:
d
Vx = ẋ = dt (8t) = 8 fps →

d x² 2 x ẋ
Vy = ẏ = dt ( 10 ) = 10

When t=2s , x= 8(2) = 16 ft

Therefore,
2 x ẋ 2(16)(8)
Vy = 10 = = 25.6 fps ↑
10

V = √ V x 2 +Vy ²
V = √ ( 8 )2 +(25.6)² = 26.82 fps

d
Ax = vx˙ = dt (8) = 0
d 2 x ẋ 2 ẋ ẋ 2 x ẍ
Ay = vy˙ = dt ( 10 ¿ = 10 + 10
2 ẋ ẋ 2 x ẍ 2(8)(8) 2(16)(0)
Ay = 10 + 10 = + = 12.8 fps²
10 10

A = √ A x 2+ Ay ²
A = √ ( 0 )2 +(12.8)² = 12.8 fps²
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2
For a short time, the path of the plane is described by y = (0.001x2) m. If the plane is rising with a constant
upward velocity of 10 m/s, determine the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the plane when it
reaches an altitude of y = 100 m.

Sol’n:
y = (0.001x²)
When y = 100m
100 = (0.001x²)
x = 316.23 m

d
Vy = ẏ = dt (0.001x²) = 0.001(2)x ẋ = 0.002x ẋ
10 = 0.002 (316.23) ẋ
ẋ = 15.81 m/s = Vx

V = √ V x 2 +Vy ²
V = √ 15.812+ 10²
V = 18.71 m/s

d
Ay = vy˙ = dt (.002 x ẋ ¿ = 0.002x ẍ + 0.002 ẋ ẋ
Ax= ẍ and Vx = ẋ
When x = 316.23m , Vx = 15.81 m/s and Ay=0
0 = 0.002(316.23)(Ax) + 0.002(15.81)(15.81)
Ax = 0.79 m/s²

A = √ A x 2+ Ay ²
A = √ ( 0.79 )2 +(0)² = 0.79 fps²

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3

The particle travels along the path defined by the parabola. If the component of velocity along the x axis
is vx = (5t) ft/s, determine the particle’s distance from the origin O and the magnitude of its acceleration
when t = 1 s. When t = 0, x = 0, y = 0.

Sol’n
V x =5t when t=1s
V x = ẋ = 5fps

5
x = 2 t² when t=1s

To find for x
Integrate V x =5t
5
x = 2 t² when t=1s
5
x = 2 ft

Substitute x in y= 0.5x²
5
y = 0.5 ( 2 )² = 3.125 ft

For distance of particle to origin

d=
√( )5 2
2
+(3.125)² = 4.00 ft

V x =5t
A x = ẍ = 5 fps²

y= 0.5x²
V y = ẏ = x ẋ
5
A y = ÿ = x ẍ + ẋ ẋ = (5) + (5)(5) = 37.5 fps²
2

A= √ 52 +37.5² = 37.83 fps²

SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4

The particle travels along the path defined by the parabola. If the component of velocity along the x axis
is vx = (7t) ft/s, determine the particle’s distance from the origin O and the magnitude of its acceleration
when t = 5 s. When t = 0, x = 0, y = 0.
Sol’n
V x =7t when t=5s
V x = ẋ = 35fps
To find for x
Integrate V x =7t
7
x = 2 t² when t=5s
175
x = 2 ft

Substitute x in y= 0.5x²
175
y = 0.5 ( 2 )² = 3828.125 ft

For distance of particle to origin

d=
√( 2 )
175 2
+(3828.125)² = 3829.125 ft

V x =7t
A x = ẍ = 7 fps²

y= 0.5x²
V y = ẏ = x ẋ
175
A y = ÿ = x ẍ + ẋ ẋ = (7) + (35)(35) = 1837.5 fps²
2

A= √ 72 +1837.5 ² = 1837.51 fps²`