CONSTRUCTION

METHODS
 Traditional Construction Methods
• Brick and Mortar: Common in building construction, especially for residential and small
commercial projects.
• Concrete Frame Construction: Utilizes concrete columns and beams to support the load
of the building.
• Wood Frame Construction: this method involves framing the structure with wooden
members like studs and joists.
• Stone Construction: Utilizing natural stones like granite, limestone, or marble for building
structures. Often used in historical and high-end projects.
• Masonry Construction: Involves the use of individual units (bricks, stones, or concrete
blocks) that are bound together with mortar.
 Modern Construction Methods
• Prefabrication and Modular Construction: Components are manufactured off-
site and assembled on-site, reducing construction time and costs.
• 3D Printing: Emerging technology that allows for the construction of complex
structures layer by layer.
• Green Construction: Focuses on sustainable and environmentally friendly building
practices, including energy-efficient design, use of renewable materials, and waste
reduction.
• Building Information Modeling (BIM): Integrates 3D modeling with data to
create a digital representation of the building. BIM facilitates collaboration among
different stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle.
CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT
TECHNIQUES
 Lean Construction
• Just-In-Time (JIT): Minimizing waste by supplying materials and labor exactly when and
where they are needed.
• Pull Planning: Involves the collaboration of all project participants to identify potential
issues and create a more efficient construction plan.
• 5S Methodology: 5S stands for Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain. It is a
systematic approach to organize the workplace, reduce clutter, and improve efficiency.
• Kaizen (Continuous Improvement): Kaizen involves continuous improvement through
small, incremental changes. It encourages a culture of continuous learning and adaptation.
• Visual Management: Visual Management uses visual aids such as charts, graphs, and
boards to make project information easily accessible and understandable. It improves
communication and transparency.
 Project Management Techniques
• Critical Path Method (CPM): CPM is a scheduling technique that identifies the critical
path in a project, which is the sequence of activities that determines the project's duration.
It helps in planning and managing project timelines.
• Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT): PERT is a probabilistic
technique that uses three time estimates for each activity to calculate the expected project
duration and identify the critical path.
• Gantt Charts: Gantt charts visually represent project schedules, displaying tasks and their
durations over time.
• Earned Value Management (EVM): EVM integrates cost, schedule, and scope to assess
project performance. It compares planned, earned, and actual values to evaluate project
health.
 Risk Management in Construction
• Identification of Risks: he first step in risk management is identifying potential risks that
could impact the construction project. Risks can be related to design, procurement,
construction methods, environmental factors, and more.
• Risk Assessment and Analysis: After identifying risks, assess and analyze their potential
impact and likelihood of occurrence. This involves quantifying and prioritizing risks based
on their severity.
• Risk Mitigation Strategies: Develop strategies to mitigate or reduce the impact of
identified risks. This may involve redesigning certain aspects, using alternative materials, or
implementing safety measures.
• Monitoring and Review: Continuous monitoring of project conditions and regular
reviews of risk management plans are essential to ensure that the strategies in place remain
effective.