Introduction and various stages

of

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
 Management
The process of dealing with or controlling things or people

Construction Management
Construction Management is the process of overall
planning, coordination, and control of a project from
beginning to completion.

Resources

Managing Resources Efficiently

 Resources in Construction:

Material Manpower

• India: Rich in resources: Poor in Planning

• Japan : Poor in resources: Rich in Planning
We have done significant technical advancement
but it has not reached to people due to which
productivity in India is much lesser in many fields.

• Technology: material things

• Management: material things + human-beings.

• Management tries to increase the productivity

through technological innovation taking into
account human factors involved in these
advances.
Objectives of Construction Management
• Completion in Minimum Time:

• Smart use of available Human and other

Resources:

• Minimum Capital Investment without delay

 Project Manager: Responsibilities
A project manager is a person who has the overall
responsibility for the:

• successful initiation,

• planning,

• design,

• execution,

• monitoring,

• controlling and

• closure of a project.
Various Stages of Construction
Management

• Planning
Before start of the project

• Scheduling

• Controlling After start of the project

 Project Planning
• Defining Objectives

• Listing Jobs

• Gross requirements: material, equipment and

manpower

• Estimates for cost and time durations for various

jobs

Plan: It is a statement of the intent, i.e. what is to be

done to the resources to achieve the intent.

 Project Planning
• In the process of planning , alternatives are examined
and the best alternative is chosen. The goal of planning
is to minimize resource use (cost) while satisfactorily
completing the task.

• Efficient use of equipments , material , labour and

ensuring coordinated effort are the basic aim . The
outcome of planning is predetermined course of
action.

• Thus, the planning creates an orderly sequence of

events, defines strategies to be followed in carrying
forth the plan and describes ultimate disposition of the
result.

Source: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105103093/17
 Project Scheduling
Scheduling is the allocation of resources:

• Time

• Space

• Equipment

• Effort

It is the process of formalising planned functions,

assigning the start and end dates to each activity

of the work so that the work proceeds in a

logical sequence and in an orderly and

systematic manner.
 Project Scheduling
• Putting the various activities of the project in the
sequence on the time frame is the process of
scheduling.

• Scheduling is required for continuous checking of the

project (control), for resource mobilization , to minimize
the cost and use of resources optimally.

• Various scheduling techniques have been employed to

plan the activity in sequence in project management .
In construction project , bar chart and critical path
method (CPM) have been widely used .

Source: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105103093/17
 Controlling
Controlling consists of reviewing the difference

between the schedule and actual performance once

the project has begun.

• Deviation from the basic plan

• Calculating effect of these deviations on plan

• Re-plan and reschedule to compensate for

deviations
 Project Controlling
• During the planning process , a manager builds the
facilities on paper , thus identities each of the various
tasks and time. During construction , these
predetermined course of action form the basis for
monitoring and the checking the progress of the work .
Following steps are followed during planning ,
scheduling and control .
• Identifying and defining activity,
•
Defining activity interdependence ,
•
Estimate time and resources for each activity

Source: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105103093/17
Life Cycle of a Project
Life Cycle of a Project
1. Project Initiation

Initiation is the first phase of the project lifecycle. This is

where the project’s value and feasibility are measured.
Project managers typically use two evaluation tools to
decide whether or not to pursue a project:

Business Case Document – This document justifies the

need for the project, and it includes an estimate of
potential financial benefits.

Feasibility Study – This is an evaluation of the project’s

goals, timeline and costs to determine if the project
should be executed. It balances the requirements of the
project with available resources to see if pursuing the
project makes sense.
Life Cycle of a Project
2. Project Planning

Once the project receives the green light, it needs a

solid plan to guide the team, as well as keep them on
time and on budget.

A well-written project plan gives guidance for

obtaining resources, acquiring financing and procuring
required materials. The project plan gives the team
direction for producing quality outputs, handling risk,
creating acceptance, communicating benefits to
stakeholders and managing suppliers.
Life Cycle of a Project

3. Project Execution

This is the phase that is most commonly associated with

project management.

Execution is all about building deliverables that satisfy

the customer.

Team leaders make this happen by allocating

resources and keeping team members focused on
their assigned tasks.
Life Cycle of a Project
4. Project Monitoring and Control

Monitoring and control are sometimes combined with

execution because they often occur at the same time.
As teams execute their project plan, they must
constantly monitor their own progress.

To guarantee delivery of what was promised, teams

must monitor tasks to prevent scope creep, calculate
key performance indicators and track variations from
allotted cost and time. This constant vigilance helps
keep the project moving ahead smoothly.
Life Cycle of a Project

5. Project Closure

Teams close a project when they deliver the finished

project to the customer, communicating completion to
stakeholders and releasing resources to other projects.

This vital step in the project lifecycle allows the team to

evaluate and document the project and move on the
next one, using previous project mistakes and
successes to build stronger processes and more
successful teams.
 Project Management
Following steps are followed during planning , scheduling
and control :

• Identifying and defining activity,

• Defining activity interdependence ,

• Estimate time and resources for each activity

• Calculations on network for project time , earliest start

and finish of activity, resource requirement, etc,

• Project control and project review .

Source: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105103093/17
 Project Management
Activity:

Activity is well defined task which consumes time and

resources .

The identification of activity depends upon the level of

details and the requirement of management.

Different levels of leaders requires different detail in the

project planning .

Source: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105103093/17
 Project Management
Event:

Event is the important point (mile stone) during execution

of particular work or task.

Event is defined as start or end of an activity or activities.

Thus, event is followed by more than one activity. In this
case event is marked by completion of all activities or
start of any one of the activity.

Source: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105103093/17
Methods of planning and Programming

• Bar Charts and Milestone Charts

• Network Diagrams
 Bar Charts and Milestone Charts
Bar charts (Gantt Chart)

• 2D pictorial representation

• Activities on one axis and

Henry Gantt Hoover Dam
durations on other

Mileston e charts

Activity replaced

by event
Activity

Time
 Network Methods
• Outcome of improvements in milestone charts

• Well defined steps are arranged in a logical

sequence

• Layout

• Digging
Foundation
• Placing side boards

• Concreting

PERT CPM UNETICS LESS TOPS SCANS

 PERT
• Program Evaluation and Review Technique

• Network based on events

• Ideal for research projects

CPM
• Critical Path Method

• Network based on activities

• Ideal for repetitive projects

To be continued….