Homework 7

④ The
1. 1-
Lagrangiancanbe expressedas
ม Im v2 [ E.
=
q
V + -

withconjngatemomentum ,

pie =
2L
2 บ
=
mvei + EA io
.

Tofindthe Hamiltonian ,
we do
Legendre transformation asfdlows ะ

I =
f- E- ม

=
m #+ £ E. -
± mvt อ E. +
qv
= { m v2 +
qv
"
I =
นา ( f- cq))
+
qvcq) .

1. 2 The time -

dependent Sohrcidingerequation is

Iit = it ญื้ .

And the momentum opertor be

ik
f = -

.com/siningthemyei1[dsik2E =
นา ( - it£ )ำ qv
-

] + .

'

follows
"
and
1.3 We
change Ai > A V1 > V as

ikญื๊ { นา ( itit )ำ qv} +

'
= -
-

ย £
ยว ^
=
{ (.it -
+
qv oat
-

} +

it ( -

¥) =
[ ( - it -
ย £ ^ 1 ำ qv } 4 -

①
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 consider the of (1) be transformed
We L.lt 5 . can
using
4 = 4 Eis with s =
-
-
¥^ .

we can write
H
st
=
' _
rti
is 24 a 5
is
Te
eat (A)
-
=
at

it 2+4 = it( -
i
)4 (2)

ingenera L
The (A) can be written as

efcxs
2 "
"
( )
-

( )
=
g× × **

Andthe Rlts inserted ( *• ) becomes

[
2

Gitri -
£ ) = fitu ( - iiis ) -

=
(.it -

{( + )T
^

=
( tt
-
+ it { + ¥ :(itu ) + ( £ ) %)

Git -
£ } =
fit -

£ (3)

Inserting (2) and (3) into the Schr dinger equation weobtain
,

iih
ว4
=
( นา ( £ [ f)ำ qv/
-
i.£ -

+
st

i.tl?t-iSt) 4 ( Emfitti £ ) qv )
'
= -
+ 4
itu
btfit £ ) + qv [ 2E) +
'
-
= -

ญื่ ) + qv ) +
'

( fitu £
'
itu = -

Theguage transformed wave funotion be

"
ๆ = Ut
i Ec ,

gauge transformation
where U ± e called .

Due to UEU (1)

,
the
physics is unchang e.
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 ② The time -

independent Schrodinger equation is

given by
EH =
Et
2

นา ( Pce -

[ ค 4) T = ET

G น 4 ICEE)µ
-
a e
2
- =
ET
zmr 2

2M r
ht
2 f ะiฐํ๋1
)4 + =
E4

aip2
2
24 -
+ ET = 0
,
2
2TLC t 2m r
E-
where Eo and E P
P
= = =
e
,
EL .

4
Cruessing 4 = C
, weget
E
ป 2m E
r
้ +

p± ปpะ + € =
z
-

N =
qo .

Next
,
we
havetoconsideroontinuityofwavefunctionatoand.at .

4 ( 21T ) = tco )
i. 2 ^
e
=
1
า

that means N =
1,2 , . . .
called n .

Furthermore
,
4 has to be normalized such that

2I

f o
Ic
4
Frdy =
1
1
c =
Jaert
-

Next wefind the

energy spectrum as follows
,

2mn
µ
2
⑦24 -

¥o
¥
24 = Et

2m r
42
2 (ท -

E)
Eo
24 =
En 4

En
=
42
2ตก
2 (n -
€
Eo
T า

where n =

g 1,2 ,
.
. .
.
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ญํ๋
หั่
 ③ 3. t

Acoording to problem 1.3

,
this correspondsto gauge transformation as

(E) = (E) + ^
,

with 1 ol = อ .

5°
า
n# =

↳ ว d -

The Hamiltonian is

# [ -

+ v -
Id ,
which satisfies the wavefunction าtc _
E.)
Once
wemovetheboxwhatlikeaswedogau.ge transfonmation CI is

stillzero bwt .
→ = ^ ) .

The new ltami Ltonian be

2

2M
1Gt -
E #^ 1 + vcE- × ำ
which satisfies thewavefunction ,
yoi ¥ำ^ + E.)
=

ญื๋AC งd
-
e

=
อ5 y _
)
e ๐ .

3. 2 The phase differencee be

AO =
no
§ c ง .
d
=
zc
ef I. d
e €
AQ =

ht C ,
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 ④ Normally , any 2
propagator can be written
5 [ [=]
as

ESEG ] + e-
K ~
e
i.
Sth ] 4
~
eni (+ + )
,
Where Aq = ( s Eqz] -
SE qe ] ) ,

whenweturnonthecurrentinsolinoid.si/yviti=Lcx,
Considering thefdlowing Lagrangian
{ v,.ti- I

f[ dt
'

S [ ×] =
s [× ] -

=
S [ ×] -

ฐf . d
_

Sg
" '

Ay
'
=
£ (s [Xy] -

stm ] )
H )
q
=
14 +
tc
- d 2- 5 - dx .

=
Ay +
9
tc
($ . d E)
=
Ay + If - d
tc
qE
=
AY tho .

§
Ctheextraphase )
q
That means the
phase differrence is shifted µ .
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