CHAPTER 2

LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

Compendium

A. Introduction
(i) Game of mind reading

B. Recap and summarization

(i) Algebraic expression
(ii) Algebraic equation
C. Linear equation in one variable
D. How to solve linear equations
(i) Rule 1
(ii) Rule 2
(iii) Rule 3
E. Application of linear equation
(i) Keyword 1
(ii) Keyword 2
(ii) Keyword 3
F. Bird’s-eye view
G. Solved examples
H. Practice yourself
I. Solutions

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A. Introduction

Linear expression when forms equation in one variable. We get a

linear equation in one variable.

(i) Game of mind reading

Learning about linear equations can make us Mind reader.
Do you think I am lying?
Let's play a game.
Think of a number, make twice of that and add 2 to it, now make half
of that. Subtract 1 from the answer. A result is a number you thought
about!! Wondering how I did that?
Let’s revisit Algebraic Expression.
Make an expression. Think of a number make thrice of that add three
to it make one-third of that. My answer is 7 for this tell my number.

Make one expression on your own and play with your friends and
family.

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Try and learn

Let's say you thought about the number "x."

Now, twice of that “2x” Right?
Now, add 2 to that “2x + 2”
Now, half of that
[Algebraic expression]
Ex. Let's say you thought a number and answered me after all
the operation you get 5.
Now, I will do
x + 1 = 5 [Algebraic equation] to know your number “4” and
That’s also called solution (x = 4) of the equation.

B. Recap and summarize

Constant
(i) Algebraic expression

2x-3
An expression made from constants,
variables, and the arithmetic operators.
(+, -, x,÷)
Ex. x + x2 + 3, 5x, 2x-3, 3xy, 3x2y-5.
Variable Arithmetic
operator

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Checkpoint 1

How many variables are there in following expressions?

(a) 2x + x2 + 3 (b) xy + x2y (c) xy + xz

(ii) Algebraic equation

Equality involving variables. It has an equality sign, and the solution

value of the variable makes LHS (Left-hand Side) and RHS (Right-
hand Side) equal.
If I write, 2x – 3 = 5 ------------- equation (i)
Then x = 4 is the solution for equation (i) why?
Because, when x = 4
LHS: 2x-3 ⇒ 2 x 4 – 3 ⇒ 8 -3 = 5
RHS: 5
Solution makes LHS = RHS!!!

Checkpoint 2

Find the solution for following equations:

(a) x + 1 = 5 (b) 2x – 2 = 6
(c) 3x – 2 = 7 (d) 4x – 4 = 12
(e) 5x – 3 = 7

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C. Linear equations in one Variable

An equation with one variable and Constant

highest power of the variable is one we

call it linear equation.
2x-3
Variable Arithmetic
operator
Checkpoint 3

1. Pick odd one out

(a) x + 2 = 3 (b) 2x + 1 = 5
(c) xy + 3 = 2 (d) x2 + 3 = 8
(e) x2y + x = 5 (f) xyz +2 = 0
2. What is the highest degree of variable in expression?
(a) x + x2 + 3 (b) x4 + x3 + 3x

Try and learn

1. Find the number of variables in following expressions:

(i) x + y + 7 (ii) x + x2 + x4 (iii) x + x2y (iv) x2+3
Solution:
(i) 2 (x & y are variables, and 7 is a constant)
(ii) 1 (x is only variable)
(iii) 2(x & y are the variables)
(iv) 1(x is the variable and 3 is constant)

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2. Is x2+3 is a linear equation?
Solution: No, because the highest power of the variable can be
one and in this, it's 2.
3. Is x + y + 2 is a linear equation in one variable?
Solution: No, because there are two variables.

D. How to solve linear equations

Three rules to remember to solve any linear equation.

(i) Rule 1:
Consider equality
8–3=4+1
Let's Play with this equality.

(1) If I add 2 on both sides (LHS & RHS)

8–3+2=4+1+2
Equality Still holds Right?
Rule 1: If we add the same number on both sides of an equality, it
still holds.
How to use?
Find x: x -1 = 2
⇒x–1+1=2+1 [Adding 1 on both sides]
⇒ x = 3 is the solution
Because
LHS: 3 – 1 [when x = 3]
RHS: 2
⇒ x = 3 is the correct solution.

C
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Concept to Master Solving Linear Equations:

You can also remember Rule 1 if we take anything from one side to
other (i.e. form LHS to RHS or vice versa) the sign will get reversed.
Let's do a few examples to clarify this:
Ques 1. Find x:
(a) x – 1 = 2
Let’s Solve:

x–1=2

Method 1: Taking one to another side

⇒ x = 2 + 1 [sign of 1 will reverse]
⇒ x=3
Method 2: Taking x & 2 to other side
⇒ - 1 – 2 = -x [sign of 2 and x reverse]
⇒ - 3 = -x
⇒ 3=x
Method 3: Use Rule 1
⇒ x -1 + 1 = 2 + 1
⇒ x -1 + 1 = 2 + 1
⇒ x=3

Checkpoint 4

Solve Linear Equations:

(a) x – 1 = -1 (b) x - 4 = -1
(c) x – 2 = 0 (d) x – 4 = 4
(d) x – 2 = -3

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Rule 2:
Consider equality
8–3=4+1
Let’s Play with this equality

1. If I subtract 2 on both sides (LHS & RHS)

8–3-2=4+1–2
Equality still holds right?

Rule 1: If we subtract the same number on both sides of an

equality, it still holds.
How to use?
Find x: x+1=2
⇒x–1+1=2–1 [Subtracting 1 on both sides]
⇒ x = 1 is the solution
Because
LHS: 1 + 1 [when x = 1]
RHS: 2
⇒ x = 1 is the correct solution.
Concept to master solving linear equations:
You can also remember Rule 2 if we take anything from one side to
other (i.e. form LHS to RHS or vice versa) the sign will get reversed.
Let’s do few examples
C to clarify this:
Ques 1. Find x:
x +3 = 2
Let’s Solve:
x+3=2

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Method 1: Taking three to other side
⇒ x = 2 - 3 [sign of 3 will reverse]
⇒ x = -1
Method 2: Taking x & 2 to other side
⇒ 3 – 2 = -x [sign of 3 and x will reverse]
⇒ 1 = -x
⇒ -1 = x
Method 3: Use Rule 2
⇒ x+3-3=2-3
⇒ x = -1
⇒ x = -1

Checkpoint 5

Solve Linear Equations:

(a) x + 1 = -1 (b) x + 4 = -1
(c) x +9 = 0 (d) x +1 = 1
(d) x + 5 = 2

Rule 3: Consider equality

8–3=4+1
Let’s Play with this equality

1. If I multiply 2 on both sides (LHS & RHS)

2 × (8 – 3) = 2 × (4 + 1)
Equality still holds right?

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Rule 1: If we multiply the same non-zero number on both sides of an
equality, it still holds, and same holds for the division.
How to use?
Find x: 2x = 4
1 1
⇒ × 2𝑥 = 4 × [Multiplying 1 on both sides]
2 2

⇒ x = 2 is the solution
Let’s Check:
LHS: 2 × 2 = 4 [when x = 2]
RHS: 2
⇒ x = 2 is the correct solution.
Concept to master solving linear equations:

If a variable is multiplied with a number then on taking number

other side goes to the denominator
Let's do a few examples to clarify this:
Ques 1. Find x:
(a) 2x = 6 (b)2x + 4 = 8
Let’s Solve:
(a)2x = 6
6
⇒ x= ⇒ x=3
2

(b) 2x + 4 = 8
⇒ 2x + 4 = 8 ⇒ 2x = 8 – 4 [Taking 4 on other side]
⇒ 2x = 4
4
⇒ x = [2 goes to denominator] ⇒ x=2
2

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Checkpoint 6

Solve Linear Equations:

(a) 2x - 2 = 6 (b) 2x + 4 = 5
(c) 3x -3 = 9 (d) 4x -1 = 3
(e) 3x + 2 = 11

Try and learn

1. Solve for x
(𝑎) 2𝑥 + 4 = 2 (𝑏) 3𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥 2
(𝑐) 5𝑥 + 1 = 4 (𝑑) +1=
3 3

Let’s solve:
(𝑎) 2𝑥 + 4 = 2
⇒ 2𝑥 = 2 − 4 [ 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 4 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒 2]
⇒ 2𝑥 = −2
2
⇒𝑥= − [2 goes in denominator or Rule 3]
2

⇒ 𝑥 = −1 [solution]
(𝑏) 3𝑥 − 3 = 0
⇒ 3𝑥 = 0 + 3 [ 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 3 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒 1]
⇒ 3𝑥 = 3
3
⇒𝑥= [3 goes in denominator or Rule 3]
3

⇒ 𝑥 = 1 [solution]
(c) 5x + 4 = 1
⇒ 5𝑥 = 1 − 4 [ 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 4 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒 2]
⇒ 5𝑥 = −3

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3
⇒𝑥= − [3 goes in denominator or Rule 3]
5
3
⇒ 𝑥 = − [solution]
5
𝑥 2
(𝑑) + 1 =
3 3
𝑥 2
⇒ = − 1 [ 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 1 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒 2]
3 3
𝑥 1
⇒ = −
3 3
1×3
⇒𝑥= − [3 goes in numerator or Rule 3]
3

⇒ 𝑥 = −1 [solution]
2. The solution for equation 𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒 = 𝟎 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒒 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔.
Let’s solve:

⇒ 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 = 0

⇒ 𝑝𝑥 = 0 − 𝑞 [𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑞 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒]

⇒ 𝑝𝑥 = −𝑞
𝑞
⇒ 𝑥=− [p will go in denominator or rule 3]
𝑝

Checkpoint 7

1. Check for which of the following equation x = -1 is the solution.

𝑥
(𝑎)2𝑥 + 2 = 0 (𝑏) + 3 = −1
3

2𝑥 2 𝑥 2 3
(𝑐)3𝑥 + 1 = −2(𝑑) + =1 (𝑒) = −
5 5 5 5 5

(𝑓) 𝑥 + 3 = 4

2. Find the solution for following linear equation:

𝑥
(𝑎) + 1 = 3 (𝑏)2𝑥 + 3 = −1 (𝑐) 𝑥 + 2 = 0
3

(𝑑) 2𝑥 + 1 = 5 (e) 3𝑥 + 1 = 2 (f) 4𝑥 − 2 = 10

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3. Which of the following equation's solution is neither an integer nor
a fraction?
(a) 3x + 2 = 5 (b) 4x-18 = 2
(c) 4x + 7 = x + 2 (d) 5x-8 = x + 4
4. The solution of the equation px + q = 0 is
5. If 8x-3 = 25 + 17x, then x is
(a) A fraction (b) An integer
(c) A rational number (d) Cannot be solved
6. The transferring of a number from one side of an equation to other
is called
(a) Transposition (b) Distributivity
(c) Commutativity (d) Associativity
5𝑥 2𝑥
7. If −4= , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 2𝑥 − 7 𝑖𝑠:
3 5
19 13 13
(a) (b)− (c)0 (d)
13 19 19

8. The value of x to make expression 3x-4 and 2x + 1 equal:

(a) -3 (b) 0 (c) 5 (d) 1
9. If m and n are given as positive integers, then the solution of the
equation mx = n has to be always
(a) Positive (b) Negative
(c) Non-positive (d) Non-negative
10. Linear equation in one variable has
(a) Only one variable with any power
(b) Only one term with a variable.
(c) Only one variable with one power
(d) Only constant term

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E. Applications of linear equations:

We will solve word problems in the application part before we learn

three keywords to solve all application-based questions.
(i) Keyword 1
More than, Increased, and age later
Mathematical Operator: ‘+’
Ex. A number increased by 3 equals 7.
Find the number?
Sol. Let’s take number is ‘x’
⇒ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 increased by ‘x + 3’ [Linear Expression]
⇒x+3=7 [Linear Equations]
⇒x=7–3 [Reversing sign of 3]
⇒x=4 [Solution]

Checkpoint 8

(a) A number is equal to ‘7’ increased by 3. Find the number?

(b) A number increased by 4 equals 42. Find the number?
(c) Age of Gabby is 3 more than Sabby's age. If Sabby is 12 find the
age of Gabby.
(d) Area of a square is 16cm2. Find area if the length is increased by
2.

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(ii) Keyword 2
Less than, Decreased, age in past
Mathematical Operator: ‘ – ’
Ex. Age of Jack is 3 less than John. If the sum of their ages is 27 years.
Find their ages.
Sol. Let’s say John age is ‘x’
⇒ Jack age ‘x – 3 ‘
⇒ x + x – 3 = 27 [Sum of ages is 27]
⇒ 2x = 30 ⇒ x = 15
⇒ Age: John = 15 years and Jack = 12 years

Checkpoint 8

(a) Sum of two numbers is 25 if their difference is 5. Find the numbers.

(b) If a number decreased by 2 equals 80. Find the number.
(c) If the ages of two cousins differ by 2 and the sum of their ages is 24.
Find the age of younger cousin.
(d) If x decreased by 3 is greater than 24 by 5. Find x?
(iii) Keyword 3
Product, Multiply, Twice, One-third
Mathematical Operator: ‘×’ (Multiply)
Ex. Sum of my age and twice my age is 15.
How old am I?
Sol. Let’s say my age is ‘x’
⇒ Twice of my age = ‘2x’
⇒ x + 2x = 15 [Sum of age and twice is 15]
⇒ 3x = 15

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⇒ x=5 [I am 5 years old!]

Checkpoint 9

(a) If the length of a rectangle is twice its breadth and perimeter is

54cm. Find the length of the rectangle.
(b) One-third of a number is 4 times of 2. Find the number.
(c) If one-third of a number added to twice of this number equals 7.
Find the number?
(d) Twice what number is 4 more than 2.

Bird’s-eye view

1. An algebraic expression is formed by constant, variables and

operator.
2. Linear equation in one variable are equation with one variable and
maximum power of variable is one.
3. Solution of a linear equation is the value of variable which make
LHS = RHS.
4. To solve linear remember whenever some term is added or
subtracted and we move term to other side either LHS or RHS sign
get reversed
5. To solve linear remember whenever some constant is multiplied it
goes into denominator when we take to other side.
6. More then, increased, age later all these keywords mean operator
addition.
7. Less then, decreased, age in past all these keywords mean
operator subtraction.

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8. Product, twice, one-third, twice all these keywords mean operator
multiplication.

Solved examples

Question 1:

If the sum of two given numbers is 30 and their ratio is 2/3 then find the
numbers.
Solution:
⇒ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑥
⇒ 𝑂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟(𝑦) = 30 − 𝑥 [𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑠 30]
𝑥 2
⇒ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = = [ 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛]
𝑦 3
𝑥 2
⇒ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = =
30−𝑥 3

⇒ 3𝑥 = 2(30 − 𝑥) [ 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔]

⇒ 3𝑥 = 60 − 2𝑥
⇒ 5𝑥 = 60
60
⇒𝑥=
5

⇒ 𝑥 = 12
⇒ 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30 − 𝑥 𝑖. 𝑒 12 & 18 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
Question 2:

The present age of Sita's father is three times the present age of Sita.
After six years the sum of their ages will be 64 years. Find their present
ages.
Solution:
⇒ 𝐿𝑒𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑥
⇒ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 = 3𝑥
⇒ 𝑆𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 6 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 𝑥 + 6

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⇒ 𝐹𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 6 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 3𝑥 + 6
⇒ 𝑥 + 6 + 3𝑥 + 6 = 64 [ 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 6 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛]
⇒ 4𝑥 + 12 = 64
⇒ 4𝑥 = 64 − 12
⇒ 4𝑥 = 52
52
⇒𝑥=
4

⇒ 𝑥 = 13 [ Present age of sita]

Present age if Sita is 13 years and present age of Sita’s father is 39
years.
Question 3:

Identify the algebraic linear equations from the given expressions.

(a) x2+x = 2 (b) 3x+5=11
(c) 5 + 7 = 12 (d) x+ y2 = 3
Solution: (a) x2+ x = 2 is not a linear equation.
(b) 3x + 5 =11 is a linear equation.
(c) 5 + 7 = 12 is not a linear equation as it does not contain variable.
(d) x + y2 = 3 is not a linear equation.
Question 4:

Check whether the linear equation 3x + 5 = 11 is true for x = 2.

Solution: Given that 3x + 5 = 11
For x = 2, we get
LHS= 3×2+5=6+5=11
LHS = RHS = 11
Hence, the given equation is true for x = 2

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Question 5:
Form a linear equation from the given statement: When 5 is added to
twice a number, it gives 11.
Solution: As per the given statement we have 2x+5= 11 which is the
required linear equation.
Question 6:

Solve the following linear equations:

3
(a) 4x + 5 = 9 (b) 𝑥 + =2x
2

Solution:

(a) We have 4x + 5 = 9
⇒ 4x = 9 - 5 (Transposing 5 to RHS)
⇒ 4x= 4
⇒ x = 1 (Transposing 4 to RHS)
3
(b) We have x + = 2x
2
3
⇒ = 2x -x
2
3
⇒𝑥=
2

Question 7:

3𝑥 2𝑥 + 5 5
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 − =
4 3 2
Solution:
3𝑥 2𝑥 + 5 5
𝑊𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 − =
4 3 2
𝐿𝐶𝑀 𝑜𝑓 2 ,3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 = 12
3𝑥 2𝑥 + 5 5
∴ × 12 − × 12 = × 12 (𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 12)
4 3 2
⇒3x×3 -(2x+5)×4=5×6
⇒9x -8x - 20 = 30 (Solving the bracket)

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⇒x-20=30
⇒x = 30+20 (Transposing 20 to RHS)
⇒x=50
Hence x = 50 is the required solution
Question 8:

The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 :4. Find the angles of the
triangle.
Solution: Let the angles of a given triangle be 2x°, 3x° and 4x°.
2x+3x+4x =180° (∵ Sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°)
⇒9x = 180°
⇒ x= 20° (Transposing 9 to RHS)
Angles of the given triangles are
2 x 20 = 40°
3x20=60°
4 x 20= 80°
Question 9:

The sum of two numbers is 11 and their difference is 5. Find the

numbers.
Solution: Let one of the two numbers be x
Other number =11 - x.
As per the conditions, we have
x-(11 - x) = 5
⇒x-11 +x = 5 (Solving the bracket)

⇒2x - 11 = 5
⇒2x = 5+ 11 (Transposing 11 to RHS)
⇒2x=16
⇒x = 8

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Hence the required numbers are 8 and 11 - 8 = 3.
Question 10:

2
The breadth of a rectangular garden is times of its length. If its
3

perimeter is 40 m, find its dimensions.

Solution:
Let the length of the garden be x m
2
its breadth = x m
3

Perimeter = 2 [ length + breadth]

2
2 (𝑥 + 𝑥) = 40
3
4
⇒2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 40 (𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡)
3

⇒ 6𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 120
⇒10𝑥 = 120
120
∴ 𝑥= = 12
10
2 2
∴ Length =12m and breadth 𝑥 = 12 × = 8m.
3 3

Question 11 :

7𝑥 + 14 17 − 3𝑥 4𝑥 + 2
− = 6𝑥 − −5
3 5 3
Solution:
We have
7𝑥 + 14 17 − 3𝑥 4𝑥 + 2
− = 6𝑥 − −5
3 5 3
LCM of 3 and 5 = 15
7𝑥+14 17−3𝑥 4𝑥+2
× 15 − × 15 = 6𝑥 × 15 − × 15 − 5 × 15 (Multiplying both
3 5 3

sides by 15)

⇒(7x + 14) × 5 - (17 - 3x) × 3 =90x - (4x + 2) × 5 - 75

⇒35x+70-51+9x = 90x - 20x - 10 - 75 (Solving the brackets)

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 CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
⇒44x + 19 = 70x - 85
⇒44x - 70x = -85 - 19
(Transposing 70x to LHS and 19 to RHS)
⇒ -26x = -104
−140
⇒ 𝑥= =4
−26

Hence x = 4 is the required number

Question 12:

The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by

reversing its digits is 121. Find the number if its unit place digit is 5.
Solution: Unit place digit is given as 5 Let x be the tens place digit
Number formed = 5 + 10x
Number obtained by reversing the digits = 5×10 + x = 50+x
As per the conditions, we have
5+10x+ 50 +x= 121
⇒11x + 55 = 121
⇒11x = 121 - 55 (Transposing 55 to RHS)
⇒11x = 66
⇒x= 6
Thus, the tens place digit = 6
Hence the required number = 5 + 6 × 10 = 5 + 60 = 65
Question 13:

A fruit seller buys some oranges at the rate of ₹ 5 per orange. He also
buys an equal number of bananas at the rate of ₹ 2 per banana. He
makes a profit of 20% on oranges and a profit of 15% on bananas. In
the end, he sold all the fruits. If he earned a profit of ₹ 390, find the
number of oranges.

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CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
Solution:
Let the number of oranges bought by him be x and also the number of
bananas be x.

Cost of x oranges at the rate of ₹ 5 per orange = ₹ 5x

Cost of x bananas at the rate of ₹ 2 per banana = ₹ 2x

20
Profit earned on oranges = ×5x = ₹ x
100

15 3
Profit earned on bananas = ×2x = ₹ 𝑥
100 10

As per the conditions, we have

3
𝑥+ 𝑥 = 390
10
10𝑥 + 3𝑥
= 390
10
13𝑥
= 390
10
10 13
𝑥 = 390 × (𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝐻𝑆)
13 10
𝑥 = 30 × 10 = 300
Hence, the number of oranges = 300.

23
 CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

Very Short Answer Type (Each carries one mark)

Multiple Choice Type

1. Which among these is a linear expression:

(a) x2 + 1 (b) y + y2 (c) 4 (d) 1 + z
2. A linear equation in one variable has
(a) Only one solution (b) Two solutions
(c) More than two solutions (d) No solution
1 2
3. Value of S in + 𝑠 = ?
3 5
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏
(a) (b) (c) 𝟏𝟎 (d)
𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟓
−4 3
4. 𝑦 = − then y =?
3 4

𝟑 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
(a)− ( ) (b)( ) (c)( ) (d)− ( )
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑

5. For a two-digit number, the digit in the tens place is 3 more

than the digit in the units (one's) place. Assuming the digit at
unit’s place be b, then the number is
(a) 11b + 30 (b) 10b + 30
(c) 11b + 3 (d) 10b + 30
6. Ankita’s present age is thrice of shikha. If Shikha’s age three
years ago was x. Than Ankita’s present age is
(a) 3(x-3) (b) 3x + 3
(c) 3x-9 (d) 3(x + 3)

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CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
7. It is given that the sum of three consecutive multiples of 7 is 357.
Find the smallest multiple.
(a) 112 (b) 126 (c) 119 (d) 116

Fill in the blanks

1. In a linear equation, the …………. power of the variable appearing in

the equation is one.
2. The solution of the linear equation 3x – 4 = 1 – 2x is ………….
𝟏𝟖
3. The solution of the equation 2y = 5y – is ………...
𝟓

4. Any particular value of the variable which makes both sides of an

equation equal is known as a ………. Of the equation.
5. 9x - 6 = 48 has the solution.
6. Fill to make it true: Three consecutive natural numbers whose sum
is 12 are ………………, ……………… and ………….
7. The share of P when Rs 25 are divided between P and Q so that P
gets Rs. 8 more than Q is ………………….
8. Any term of an equation can be transposed to the other side by
changing its ………
9. If we subtract 8 from x, the result is 2. The value of x is ……………
10. s+ 30 = 18 has the solution as …………….
Short Answer Type (Each carries two marks)
1. When we divide a number by 8, the result is -3. The number is __.
𝟐 𝟑
2. 𝒄−𝟐 =𝟓− 𝒄. Find c =?
𝟓 𝟓

3. Convert the statement Adding 15 to 4 times x is 39 into a equation.

𝟑𝒙−𝟖
4. Solve. =1
𝟐𝒙
𝟓𝒙
5. Solve. =2
𝟐𝒙−𝟏
𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟏
6. Solve 𝟒𝒙+𝟓 = 𝟑

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 CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
Short Answer Type (Each carries three marks)
1. 0.4()3x-1)=0.5x+1
2. 8x - 7 - 3x = 6x - 2x - 3
3. 10x- 5 - 7x =5x + 15 - 8
4. 4t- 3 - (3t +1) = 5t- 4
5. 5(x- 1) - 2(x+ 8) = 0
𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
6. − 𝟒 (𝒙 − 𝟑) = 𝟔 (𝒙 + 𝟏) + 𝟏𝟐
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
7. (𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒙 − 𝟏) = (𝒙 − 𝟐)
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟐
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟐
8. =
𝟒 𝟑
𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟑𝒙 +𝟏
9. =
𝟓 𝟑

10. 1-(x-2)-[(x-3)-(x-1)]=0
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟏
11. 𝟑𝒙 − =𝟒−
𝟑 𝟒
𝟑𝒕+𝟓 𝟒𝒕−𝟑
12. −𝟏=
𝟒 𝟓

Long Answer Type (Each carries four marks)

1. Kaustubh had 60 flowers. He offered some flowers in a temple and
found that the ratio of the number of remaining flowers to that of
flowers in the beginning is 3:5. Find the number of flowers offered
by him in the temple.
2. The sum of three consecutive even natural numbers is 48. Find the
greatest of these numbers.
3. The sum of three consecutive odd natural numbers is 69. Find the
prime number out of these numbers.
4. The sum of three consecutive numbers is 156. Find the number
which is a multiple of 13 out of these numbers.
5. Find a number whose fifth part increased by 30 is equal to its
fourth part decreased by 30.
6. Divide 54 into two parts such that one part is 2/7 of the other.

26
CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
7. Sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 11. The given number is
less than the number obtained by interchanging the digits by 9.
Find the number.
8. Two equal sides of a triangle are each 4m less than three times the
third side. Find the dimensions of the triangle, if its perimeter is 55m.
9. After 12 years, Kanwar shall be 3 times as old as he was 4 years ago.
Find his present age.

1. The denominator of a certain rational number is greater than the

numerator by 10. If the numerator is increased by 1 the and
denominator is decreased by 1, then the expression for the new
denominator is?
𝟖 𝟓
2. Solve: =
𝒙 𝒙−𝟏
𝟓(𝟏−𝒙)+𝟑(𝟏+𝒙)
3. Solve: =𝟖
𝟏−𝟐𝒙
𝟎.𝟐𝒙+𝟓 𝟐
4. Solve: =
𝟑.𝟓𝒙−𝟑 𝟓
𝒚−(𝟒−𝟑𝒚) 𝟏
5. Solve: =
𝟐𝒚−(𝟑+𝟒𝒚) 𝟓
𝒙 𝒙−𝟏
6. Solve: =
𝟓 𝟔

7. Solve: 0.4 (3x – 1) = 0.5x + 1

8. Solve: 8x – 7 – 3x = 6x – 2x – 3
𝑥 1 1 1 1
9. Solve : − (𝑥 − ) = (𝑥 + 1) +
2 4 3 6 12
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟏
10. Solve: 𝟑𝒙 − =𝟒−
𝟑 𝟒
𝟑𝒕+𝟓 𝟒𝒕−𝟑
11. Find t: − 𝟏=
𝟒 𝟓
𝟐𝒚−𝟑 𝟑𝒚−𝟓 𝟑
12. Find t: − =𝒚+
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒

27
 CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
𝟑𝒕−𝟐 𝟐𝒕+𝟑 𝟕
13. Find t: − =𝒕+
𝟑 𝟐 𝟔
𝒎−𝟏 𝒎−𝟐
14. Solve 𝒎 − = 𝟏−
𝟐 𝟑

15. Solve: 4 (3p + 2) – 5(6p – 1) = 2 (p – 8) – 6 (7p – 4)

16. Solve: 3 (5x – 7) + 2 (9x – 11) = 4 (8x – 7) – 111
17. Radhika takes some flowers in her basket and visits three temples
one by one. At each temple, she offers half of the flowers from the
basket. If in the end she is left with 3 flowers, then find the number
of flowers she had in the beginning.
18. Rs. 13,500 are to be distributed among Sadia, Karan and Lucy in
such a way that Sadia gets Rs. 1000 more than Karan and Lucy gets
Rs. 500 more than Karan. Find the money received by karan.
19. The total volume of water in a certain tank is twice of that in the
other tank. If we take out 25 litres from the first tank and add it to
the other tank, the volumes of the water in each tank will become
the same. Find the volume of water in each tank.
20. Aditi and Arshia are friends. They have an equal amount of money
𝟏
in their pockets. Aditi gave of her money to Arshia as her birthday
𝟑

gift. Then Arshia gave a party at a restaurant and cleared the bill
by paying half of the total money with her. If the remaining money
in Arshia's pocket is Rs. 1600, find the sum gifted by Aditi.

28
CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

Solutions

Checkpoint 1
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3
Checkpoint 2
a) 4 b) 4 c) 3 d) 4 e) 2
Checkpoint 3
1. a, b (because linear equation)
2. a) 2 b)4
Checkpoint 4
a) 0 b) 3 c) 2 d) 8 e) -1
Checkpoint 5
a) -2 b) -5 c) -9 d) 0 e) -3
Checkpoint 6
a) 4 b) 1/2 c) 4 d) 1 e) 3
Checkpoint 7
1. a, c, e, f
2.a) 6b)-2 c) -2 d) -2 e) 1/3 f) 3
3.a) -1 b) 5 c) -5/3 d) 3
4. -q/p 5.-28/9 (c) 6. A 7.b 8.5
9.a 10.c
Checkpoint 8
a) 10 b) 38 c) 15 d) 36
Checkpoint 9
a) 15,10 b) 82 c) 11 d) 31

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 CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
Checkpoint 10
a) 18,9 b) 24 c) 3 d) 3

Novice level

Multiple Choice Type

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

d a b c a d a

Fill in the blanks:

(1) Maximum (2) 1 (3) 6/5 (4) Solution
(5) 6 (6) 3, 4, 5 (7) 8.5 (8) Sign
(9) 10 (10) -12

2 Marks Question:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

-24 7 15 + 4x = 39 8 -2 7

3 Marks Question:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

2 4 6 0 7 2 12/5

8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

9 -8/9 5 43/35 17

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CHAPTER 2
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
4 Marks Question:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

24 18 23 52 1200 42 56 9 12

Advanced level

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

X+9 8/3 0 31/6 17/22 -5 2 4 2 42/35

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

17 1/2 -10/3 7/5 5/32 -96 24 4300 100,50 800

END

31