John Joseph D.

Zarate
According to Quinto and Nieva (2018),
biodiversity is “the variety of life present
in ecosystem.” It is all the different
kinds of life you will find in one area:
the variety of animals, plants, fungi,
and even microorganisms like bacteria
that make up our natural world.
Biodiversity is necessary for the growth of
crops. Agrobiodiversity, "the variety and
variability of animals, plants and micro-
organisms at the genetic, species and
ecosystem levels that sustain the ecosystem
structures, functions and processes in and
around production systems, and that provide
food and non-food agricultural products,”
became the result of this necessity.
 http://t1.gstatic.com/licensed- https://www.pxfuel.com/en/desktop-wallpaper-cfwjh
image?q=tbn:ANd9GcTmMboNVIKRcv5x_i3ooCCZqVBBNkH0u6Gpt
 Major threats to biodiversity identified by United Nations’
Environment Programme are: habitat loss and destruction;
alteration in ecosystem composition; over-exploitation;
pollution and contamination; and global climate change
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/79198/watching-the-ozone-hole-before-and-
It is an international treaty designed to protect the
ozone layer by phasing out the production of
numerous substances that are responsible for ozone

after-the-montreal-protocol
depletion.

NAIROBI, 9 January 2023 – The ozone layer is on

track to recover within four decades, with the global
phaseout of ozone-depleting chemicals already
benefitting efforts to mitigate climate change. This is
the conclusion of a UN-backed panel of experts,
presented today at the American Meteorological
Society’s 103rd annual meeting.
https://phys.org/news/2009-10-climate-kyoto-protocol.html
It is an international treaty which extends the
1992 United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state
parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
based on the scientific consensus that global
warming is occurring and it is extremely likely that
human-made CO2 emissions have predominantly
caused it.
https://phys.org/news/2009-10-climate-kyoto-protocol.html
A Biosafety Protocol that seeks to protect
biological diversity from the potential risks
posed by genetically modified organisms
resulting from modern biotechnology.
REFERENCES
• Ozone layer recovery is on track, helping
avoid global warming by 0.5°C. UN
Environment Programme. Retrieved last June
12, 2023 at https://www.unep.org/news-and-
stories/press-release/ozone-layer-recovery-
track-helping-avoid-global-warming.
• Chemnick, J. (2022). How the Montreal
Protocol Helped Save Earth from a Climate
Time Bomb. E&E News. Retrieved last June 12,
2023 at
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/h
ow-the-montreal-protocol-helped-save-
earth-from-a-climate-time-bomb/