19TH CENTURY

PHILIPPINES AS RIZAL
CONTEXT
 objective
At the end of the discussion, you will be able to know
and understand the three aspect under the 19th Century
Philippines as Rizal Context such as :
Economic Aspect,
Political Aspect, and
Social Aspect.

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Economic aspect
 GALLEON TRADE
Manila-Acapulco
Galleon Trade

The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade was the main

source of income for the colony during early years.
Service was inaugurated in 1965 and continued
into the early 19th century .

The Galleon Trade brought silver from new spain and silk from china by way of
manila. This way, the Philippines earned its income through buy and sell that is why
they brought silk from china for resale to new spain and brought American silver for
resale to china.
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Let’s start with the
first set of slides
 The galleon trade between Philippines and
Mexico was ended on September 14, 1815
when Mexico gained its independence from
spain and it was abolished because of the
efforts if Valentin Delos Santos.

 Filipinos before wanted to end this because

of its abusive system for the country.

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 Opening of suez canal
✣ It was an artificial sea-lever waterway that connects the red sea and
Mediterranean sea in Egypt that was officially opened on November 17,
1869 by the leadership of Ferdinand de lesseps.
✣ The suez canal decreased the travel time of Philippines to spain from 3
months to 32-40 days.
✣ The suez canal positively affected the development of agricultural
exports, which brought economic prosperity to native indios or so called
“ilustradors” ( Filipinos with money and education)

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When suez canal opened it was only 25 feet deep, 72 feet wide
at the bottom, and 200 to 300 feet wide at surface. Fewer than
500 ships navigated in its full major operation. Major operation
began in 1876
 Advantage of suez canal
✣ LOCATION – It connects the waters of Europe with Arabian sea,
the Indian Ocean and the countries of the Asia Pacific.

✣ Philippines having direct commercial relation with Spain due to

faster and more direct route.

✣ Suez Canal paved the way of liberal ideas and education to enter the
Philippines as brought in by the “ilustradors” who studied in the
university of spain.

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 Opening of ports to world trade
✣ September 6, 1893 Su Majestad or your majesty the King declared the
Royal Company of the Philippines.
✣ Governor General Felix Berenguer de Marquina recommended to open
Manila in World Commerce
✣ Growing number of Merchants
✣ Bankcruptcy
✣ Manila was a great harbour
 SIGNIFICANT PERSON BEHIND THE
OPENING OF PORTS TO WORLD TRADE

✣ King Charles III of Spain – he was the one who created the company,
and his goal was to make a trade to spain from the Philippines more
efficient

✣ Governor-General Felix Berenguer de Marquina – he recommended

that the king of spain open Manila to world commerce.
 SIGNIFICANT PERSON BEHIND THE
OPENING OF PORTS TO WORLD TRADE

✣ Su Majested or Your Majesty the King – declared the royal company

of the Philippines abolished and open Manila’s ports to world trade.

✣ Governor-General Basco - had opened the Philippines to this trade.

✣ Sebir ( 1787 ) a Frenchman conducted to profitable business in Manila

 SIGNIFICANT PERSON BEHIND THE
OPENING OF PORTS TO WORLD TRADE

✣ Tomas de Comyn ( 1798 ) a Spanish writer, in his book published in

madrid 1820, mentioned an unnamed English Merchant who left the
Philippines in 1798 after living in manila for 20 years during he became
rich.

✣ George W. Hubbell ( 1821 ) an American businessman, and his younger

brother henry, arrived in Manila, engaged in business and founded the
Hubbell company.
 Advantage of world trade
✣ Economic Growth

✣ More Business Opportunities for many Filipinos

✣ Faster Means of Communication

✣ Faster and Comfortable Railways and Steamships

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 Rise of the export of crop economy
and MONOPOLIES
 Between the 1855 and 1873 the Spanish opened
new ports to foreign trade including Ilo-Ilo in Panay,
Zamboanga in western portion of the Mindanao,
Cebu on Cebu Legaspi in Bicol.

 The opening of Suez Canal in 1869 had contributed

greatly to spectacular increase in the volume of trade
TOBACCO ABACA SUGAR

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 By the middle of 1830s Manila was open to
foreign merchants.

 Because of the growth of the world wide

shipping, Philippine abaca was consider the
best material for ropes and cordage grew
importance.

 In 1850 alternated with sugar as the islands

most important export.
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 monopoly
The word mono is derived from the Greek word
“monos” meaning one and “polein” means to sell.

It is a market structure characterized by a single seller,

selling unique product in the market.

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POLITICAL ASPECT
THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE
Liberalism
Impact of the Bourbon reforms
Cadiz constitution

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 LIBERALISM
- Founded on ideals of freedom and equality
- Liberals believe that government is necessary to
protect individuals from being abused byothers
though they are also aware that the government
itself can pose a threat to liberty.
- French Revolution (1789-1799)
- “Having Liberty, Equality and Fraternity”
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- When the Philippines was opened to the world trade in the
19th century, liberal ideas from America carried by ships and
people from foreign ports started to penetrate the country
and sway the ilustrados.
- Opening of the Suez Canal eased the importation of books,
magazines, and newspapers with liberal ideas from the West,
which eventually impacted the thoughts of local reformists,
such as Jose Rizal.
- Governor-General Carlos Maria De la Torre the first liberal
governor-general in the Philippines and the role model for the
experience of liberalism of the country.
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- After the liberals in Spain had deposed Queen Isabel II
in the 1868 mutiny, a provisional government was
formed
- The provisional government was appointing Carlos
Maria De la Torre as Governor-General of the
Philippines 1869-1871.
- He is widely considered to be the most beloved of the
Spanish Governor-General ever assigned in the
country.
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 THE IMPACT OF BOURBON
REFORMS
- Spanish Bourbon King Philip V. Ferdinand VI, Charles
III, and Charles IV
- Bourbon reform policies
- Impacts of reform in the diverse Spanish empire
- The idea that colonization could be done without
much intervention from the Catholic Church.
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 THE CADIZ CONSTITUTION
- During the Napoleonic control of Spain - a liberal constitution
was declared in Cadiz (March 1812)
- Cadiz Constitution - drafted by chose agents, was placed by and
by in practically all the zones of the Hispanic Monarchy still
levelled out of the Spanish crown.
- Cadiz Constitution is the primary Constitution in Europe to
manage national power, perceiving sway as corning from the
individuals and not from the lord.

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- Pedro Perez de Tagle and Jose Manuel Coretto were the
first delegates from the Philippines who made their
vow of office in Madrid.
- Governor-General Manuel Gonzales Aguilar
- The Vigan-conceived Don Ventura de Los Reyes
- King Fernando VII (May of 1814) announced it invalid
and re-established absolutism. Notwithstanding, Cadiz
was an exceptionally critical period in the political
history of the. Spanish-talking world in any event.
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SOCIAL ASPECT
Social change, in sociology, the alteration
of mechanisms within the social
structure, characterized by changes in
cultural symbols, rules of behaviour,
social organizations, or value systems.

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Social change in the broadest sense is any change in
social relations. Viewed this way, social change is an
ever-present phenomenon in any society. A
distinction is sometimes made then between
processes of change within the social structure,
which serve in part to maintain the structure, and
processes that modify the structure (societal
change).

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The modern-age education system of India in the
21st century is constituted of a new approach to
learning from online education to skill-development
courses, digital learning platforms, a grading system
as well as the use of educational technology in the
classrooms and a newly introduced New Education
Policy!

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 Definition of Chinese mestizo
 Any person born of a Chinese father and an Indio mother was
classified a Chinese mestizo. Subsequent descendants were listed as
Chinese mestizo. A mestiza who married a Chinese or mestizo, as well
as their children, was registered as a mestizo.
 The Chinese mestizos were an important element of Philippine
society in the 19th century. They played a significant role in the
formation of the Filipino middle class, in the agitation for reforms, in
the 1898 revolution, and in the formation of what is now known as
the Filipino nationality.
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 Definition of inquilos
 A worker on a Chilean landed estate who is usually given
the use of a small plot of land, implements, seed, and a
small wage in return for his labor.
 The demand for Philippine sugar and abaca (hemp) grew
apace, and the volume of exports to Europe expanded
even further after the completion of the Suez Canal in
1869. The growth of commercial agriculture resulted in
the appearance of a new class.
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Thank you

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