Aspect Deming's Philosophy Juran's Philosophy Ishikawa's Philosophy

System-wide approach, Broadly focuses on quality Emphasizes quality as a

Focus
emphasis on management improvement company-wide responsibility

Meeting customer
Fitness for use and Meeting or exceeding
Definition of Quality expectations and reducing
customer satisfaction customer expectations
variation

Emphasizes the Believes management is

Emphasizes leadership, top
Management Role responsibility of all levels responsible for creating a
management involvement
of management quality culture

Fundamental to the Emphasizes continuous Advocates for continuous

Continuous
philosophy, the PDCA cycle improvement as an improvement at all levels of
Improvement
is crucial ongoing process the organization

Encourages active Advocates for training, Stresses the importance of

Employee
participation and motivation, and involving all employees in
Involvement
empowerment involvement of employees quality initiatives

Focuses on statistical Advocates for the use of Believes in the use of

Measurement and
process control and data- quality metrics and data statistical tools and analysis
Analysis
driven decisions analysis for quality improvement

Emphasizes meeting
Customer Stresses understanding and Customer satisfaction is a
customer requirements and
Orientation meeting customer needs primary concern
exceeding expectations

Prevention-oriented, Emphasizes both the cost Advocates for the prevention

Cost of Quality believes in the cost of poor of poor quality and the of defects and reduction of
quality cost of good quality quality costs

Influential in Japan,
Rooted in post-World War II
Developed in the U.S. and particularly in the
Philosophy Origin Japan's quality
widely applied globally development of Total Quality
transformation
Control
 14 Points for Management, Juran Trilogy (Quality
Notable Ishikawa Diagram (Fishbone
System of Profound Planning, Quality Control,
Contribution Diagram)
Knowledge Quality Improvement)
 Crosby's Philosophy Feigenbaum's Philosophy

Advocates for zero Total Quality Control

defects and right the first (TQC), emphasis on total
time system approach

Conformance to Conformance to customer

requirements, zero requirements, fitness for
defects use

Top management
Management
responsible for
commitment to quality is
implementing quality
crucial
system

Continuous improvement
Believes in prevention
through the entire
rather than correction
organization

Employee involvement
Emphasizes individual
and training for quality
responsibility for quality
improvement

Emphasizes the use of

Emphasizes the cost of data and statistical
non-conformance techniques for quality
improvement

Focuses on customer
Quality is defined by
satisfaction and meeting
customer requirements
customer expectations

Emphasizes the total cost

Emphasizes the cost of
of quality, including
non-conformance and
prevention, appraisal, and
prevention
failure costs

Developed in the U.S., Developed in the U.S.,

widely known for "zero known for Total Quality
defects" Control (TQC)
Four Absolutes of Quality, Total Quality Control
14 Steps to Quality (TQC), concept of the
Improvement "hidden plant"