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ECITECH-2023 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2530 (2023) 012018 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2530/1/012018

Planning and Design of Building Electricity Based on Spatial

Distribution Model

Youhua Li
Guangxi Polytechnic of Construction, Nanning Guangxi 530007, China
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: liyh0072021@126.com

Abstract. Electrical equipment is ubiquitous in modern buildings, which not only provides great
convenience but also produces a lot of energy consumption, which is contrary to the current
purpose of energy saving and emission reduction. Under this background, the planning and
design of building electricity based on a spatial distribution model are studied. In this study, BIM
software is applied to build a building spatial distribution model. On this basis, the power supply
and distribution system is re-planned, including the reasonable selection of transformer
specifications and models, the selection and laying of cable conductors, and the improvement of
the power factor. With the minimum energy consumption as the planning objective, the genetic
algorithm is adopted to plan the operation scheme of the lighting electrical system and HVAC
electrical system. The results verify that, according to the building electrical planning scheme
based on the spatial distribution model, the energy consumption of the building is less in 15
hours, which illustrates the rationality of the planning scheme.

1. Introduction
The existence of electrical systems can greatly improve building comfort, but at the same time, more
and more building energy consumption is generated [1]. In order to realize building energy conservation,
it is necessary to carry out building electrical planning and design. Building electrical planning refers to
the reasonable scheduling of electrical equipment to achieve the goal of energy saving while achieving
the goal [2].
Although previous studies have realized the building’s electrical planning and design through
different methods, most of them do not take into account the distribution of the electrical system in the
building space, which makes the electrical planning scheme have some limitations and cannot achieve
the optimal planning layout [3]. In the face of this situation, the planning and design of building
electricity based on a spatial distribution model are studied [4]. However, the distribution of the electrical
system in the building space has not been considered in previous studies, which makes the electrical
planning scheme have certain limitations and cannot achieve the optimal planning layout.
In view of the above problems, a building electrical planning and design method based on the spatial
distribution model is proposed. The building spatial distribution model is built by using BIM software.
On this basis, the power supply and distribution system is re-planned, that is, the specification and model
of transformers, the selection and laying of cable conductors, and the power factor is improved.

2. Construction of building space distribution model

BIM software needs to be used here, and the specific process is displayed in Figure 1 below.

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ECITECH-2023 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2530 (2023) 012018 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2530/1/012018

Start
Lidar
scanning
building
information Model
eigenvector
Input to BIM

Extracting spatial
topological connection
diagram of building
information model
Building space model
based on graph theory

Adjust N Whether the

parameters
demand is
met

Y
Building spatial
distribution model

End

Figure 1 Construction process of the spatial distribution model

3. Planning and design of building electricity

Based on the building space distribution model established above, this section carries out the planning
and design of building electricity. The design is divided into two parts. The first step is to re-plan the
power supply and distribution system, and the second part is to plan the operation scheme of the lighting
electrical system and HVAC electrical system [5].

3.1. Planning and design of power supply and distribution system

The planning and design of the power supply and distribution system are divided into three parts:
1: we replace the original transformer with an energy-saving transformer.
2: we select the appropriate cable conductor to reduce the loss during the current operation. There
are three types of cable conductors selected, namely WDZR-YJE-8.7/10 kV, WDZR-YJE-0.6/1 kV, and
ZR-BV-0.45/0.75 kV-2.5 m2. After that, according to the spatial distribution model of the building, the
cable is concealed in the pipeline of the building. For the low-voltage route, according to the distribution
of electrical equipment in the building space, we choose not to walk or walk less [6].
3: we increase the power factor. The first thing is to change the way the capacitor is installed. In this
research object, the installation mode of the capacitor is centralized installation. Here, the capacitor
should be installed in the vicinity of other electrical equipment in the building. When the distance
between the electrical equipment inside the building is less than 100 m, one capacitor can be installed
[7].
After the planning and design of the above three steps, the design of the power supply and
distribution system in building electrical planning is completed.

3.2. Research on operation scheme planning of lighting electrical system and HVAC electrical system
The energy consumption of the lighting electrical system and HVAC electrical system is not high, but if
a reasonable planning and operation scheme cannot be designed, it will produce a lot of waste, resulting
in a lot of energy loss. In the face of this situation, we design the operation scheme of the lighting
electrical system and HVAC electrical system. The design of this method is divided into three parts,
which are analyzed in detail below.
(1) Set of the planning objective function

2
ECITECH-2023 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2530 (2023) 012018 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2530/1/012018

Planning objective function, as its name implies, is the goal to be achieved by building electrical
planning. Here, with the lowest energy consumption as the objective, the planning objective function is
set as follows:
min P = p1 + p2 (1)
where min P is the planning objective function, i.e., the minimum planning objective of energy
p
consumption; 1 is the energy consumption of lighting electrical system;
p2 represents the energy
consumption of HVAC electrical system.
n
p1 =  wi xi Li M
i =1 (2)

where
wi represents the operating power of the i -th lighting electrical system; xi refers to the i -th
L
lighting electrical system; i represents the distribution coefficient of the i -th electrical lighting system
in the building space; M refers to the building area; and n represents the number of lighting electrical
systems.
m
p2 =  v j rj L j M
j =1
(3)
vj r
where represents the operating power of the i th HVAC system; j refers to the i th HVAC system;
Lj
represents the distribution coefficient of the i th HVAC system in the building space; and m
represents the number of HVAC systems.
(2) Constraint settings
We set constraint conditions for the set planning objective function, as follows:

min w  wi  max w
min v  v  max v
 i

 1, within the space

 Li = 
 0，otherwize
 1, within the space
Lj = 
 0，otherwize (4)

where min v and max v represent the minimum and maximum values of the operating power of the
HVAC system; and min w , max w represent the minimum and maximum values of the operating
power of the lighting system.
(3) Solution of the planning scheme
For the set planning objective function, the genetic algorithm is applied to solve the problem to
obtain the building electrical planning scheme. The specific process is shown in Figure 2 below.

3
ECITECH-2023 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2530 (2023) 012018 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2530/1/012018

Start

Set the
parameters

Genetic
representation

Initialize the population (feasible solution):

completely randomly generated according to the
constraint function

Fitness assessment
using company (1)
N Roulette method is
Whether or determined as a
not to end selection operator
Y
Arithmetic
Operation scheme of
hybridization
lighting electrical
was used
system and HVAC
electrical system Determine
the mutation
End operator

New
population

Figure 2 Solution process of the lighting electrical system and HVAC electrical system planning
scheme
Based on the above research, the study of building electrical planning and design based on spatial
distribution model is completed.

4. Analysis of electrical planning design and calculation example

An example analysis is carried out to test the energy consumption before and after the application of the
method.

4.1. Profile of the research object0

Taking a four-storey office building as an example, the internal electrical system is planned. The basic
information of the research object is presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Basic information of buildings
Items Parameters
Total building area 256, 500 square meters
Number of building floors 4
Building height 48 meters
Power consumption per unit time 153 kW
Quantity of lighting electrical system 8
Number of HVAC systems 16
Quantity of power supply and distribution system 1
Building operating costs 52.5 Yuan
Overall building energy consumption 4445.58 KG/m2

4.2. Model of the building spatial distribution

The spatial distribution model of the 4-storey office building is displayed in Figure 3.

4
ECITECH-2023 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2530 (2023) 012018 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2530/1/012018

Lighting
Heating and system
ventilation system

Power supply and

distribution system
Figure 3 Spatial distribution model of a 4-storey office building

4.3. Design of experimental parameters

Because the VisualLISP development tool developed by AutoCAD has weak data processing ability in
the calculation of electrical equipment, the MATLAB software with strong scientific calculation ability
and rich programming aid toolbox can solve this problem very well, but there is no application program
interface between the two software, so it cannot directly call the function of the other software. After
simulation and calculation, it is found that both software support the reading and writing operation of
Excel file format. Both software can communicate with each other through Excel file format and
complete corresponding program parts respectively to meet the requirements of 3D reconstruction and
equipment automatic calculation.

4.4. Planning and design scheme of building electricity

The power supply and distribution system is planned and designed based on the study in Section 2.1.
Then, the lighting electrical system and HVAC electrical system are planned based on the study in
Section 2.2, with 15h as the time period. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Planning scheme of lighting and HVAC system (unit: kW)
Time /h Lighting electrical system Heating, ventilation and electrical system
1 245.54 1225.58
2 687.15 1348.87
3 124.55 2452.86
4 354.87 1472.68
5 475.21 2123.84
6 235.97 1872.46
7 352.41 3482.57
8 854.27 2184.48
9 286.48 1475.54
10 578.85 2478.48
11 215.16 3458.40
12 354.87 1485.89
13 314.82 3488.48
14 158.48 1752.54
15 358.61 3458.40
From Table 2, it can be seen that according to the designed building electrical planning scheme based
on the spatial distribution model, the total energy consumption of the lighting electrical system generated
by the building is at least 124.55 kW and that of the heating and ventilation electrical system is at least
1225.58 kW, which shows the rationality of the planning scheme.

5
ECITECH-2023 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2530 (2023) 012018 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2530/1/012018

5. Conclusions
In this paper, a planning and design method of building electricity based on spatial distribution model is
proposed. In this study, based on the established spatial distribution model, the planning and design of
three aspects of the electrical system are carried out. Finally, taking a building as an example, the
electrical planning method of the building is redesigned by using the research method and the application
effect of the method is verified. The effect of the electrical planning method is proved by comparing the
energy consumption, and the study of building electrical planning and design based on the spatial
distribution model is completed, the experimental results show that when the design method is adopted,
the energy consumption is 807.60 KG/m2, which is 668.83KG/m2 lower than the energy consumption
before the planning, and has certain advantages.

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