FALL 2018

MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME 411 GAS DYNAMICS
HOMEWORK 4
1. Air flows through a duct with a constant cross-sectional area. The pressure, temperature
and Mach number at the inlet to the duct are 180 kPa, 300C and 0.25, respectively. If the
Mach number at the exit of the duct has risen to 0.75 as a result of friction, determine the
pressure, temperature and velocity at the exit. Assume that the flow is adiabatic. (Ans. 57.2
kPa, 275.9 K, 249.7 m/s)

2. Air flows through a 5 cm diameter pipe. Measurements indicate that at the inlet to the pipe
the velocity is 70 m/s, the temperature is 800C and the pressure is 1 MPa. Find the
temperature, pressure and Mach number at the exit of the pipe if the pipe is 25 m long.
Assume that the flow is adiabatic and that the mean friction factor is 0.005. (Ans. 350.3 K,
695.2 kPa, 0.2665)

3. Air flows from a large tank, in which the pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 300C,
respectively, through a 1.6 m long pipe with a diameter of 2.5 cm. The pipe is connected
to a short convergent nozzle with an exit diameter of 2.1 cm. The air from this nozzle is
discharged into a large tank in which the pressure is maintained at 35 kPa. Assuming that
the friction factor is equal to 0.002, find the mass flow rate through the system. The flow
in the nozzle can be assumed to be isentropic and the pipe can be assumed to be heavily
insulated. (Ans. 0.0726 kg/s)

4. Air enters a pipe at a Mach number of 2.5, a temperature of 400C and a pressure of 70 kPa.
The pipe has a diameter of 2.0 cm and the flow can be assumed to be adiabatic. A shock
occurs in the pipe at a location where the Mach number is 2. If the Mach number at the exit
from the pipe is 0.8 and if the average friction factor is 0.005, find the distance of the shock
from the entrance to the pipe and the total length of the pipe. Also, find the pressure at the
exit of the pipe. (Ans. 0.127 m, 0.6423 m, 308.4 kPa)

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5. Air is stored in a tank at a pressure and temperature of 1.6 MPa and 200C, respectively.
What is the maximum possible mass flow rate of flow from the tank through a pipe with a
diameter of 1.2 cm and a length of 30 cm? The pipe discharges to the atmosphere and the
atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa. The average friction factor can be assumed to be 0.006
and the flow in the pipe can be assumed to be 0.006 and the flow in the pipe can assumed
to be subsonic and adiabatic. (Ans. 0.1895 kg/s)

6. An insulated constant area duct is fed from a large reservoir through an isentropic
converging nozzle. At the inlet of the duct, the temperature and the pressure are 300 K and
400 kPa, respectively. The duct has a length of 8 m and a diameter of 0.04 m, and it
discharges to the atmosphere with a pressure of 100 kPa. Assuming a friction factor of
0.002, determine
a) the Mach number at the inlet and the exit of the duct,
b) the pressure and the temperature at the exit of the duct and
c) the mass flow rate.
(Ans. a) 0.45, 1.00, b) 167.7 kPa, 260.2 K; c) 0.9120 kg/s)

7. An insulated duct with a constant cross-sectional area is fed with air by an isentropic
converging nozzle from a reservoir, where the temperature and the pressure are 400 K and
150 kPa, respectively. The duct has a length of 2.5 m and a diameter of 0.04 m, and it
discharges to a back pressure of 119 kPa. Assuming a friction factor of 0.001, determine
a) the inlet and the exit Mach numbers of the duct,
b) the pressure and the temperature at the exit of the duct and
c) the mass flow rate.
(Ans. a) 0.50, 0.53; b) 119.0 kPa, 378.6 K; c) 0.2843 kg/s)

8. An adiabatic duct is fed with air by an isentropic converging-diverging nozzle with an area
ratio of 2.0. The stagnation temperature and the stagnation pressure are 350 K and 300 kPa,
respectively. The duct has a length of 4 m and a diameter of 0.08 m, and it discharges to an
atmosphere with a back pressure of 100 kPa. If the average friction factor is 0.001, then
determine the Mach number, the temperature and the pressure at the exit section of the duct
and also find the mass flow rate.
(Ans. 1.57, 234.4 K, 45.41 kPa, 1.625 kg/s)

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9. An adiabatic duct is fed with air by an isentropic converging-diverging nozzle with an area
ratio of 2.0. The stagnation temperature and the stagnation pressure are 350 K and 600 kPa,
respectively. The duct has a length of 4 m and a diameter of 0.08 m, and discharges to a
back pressure of 262 kPa. If the average friction factor is 0.001, then determine the Mach
number, the temperature and the pressure at the exit section of the duct and also find the
mass flow rate.
(Ans. 0.64, 323.5 K, 262 kPa, 3.249 kg/s)

10. An adiabatic duct is fed with air by an isentropic converging-diverging nozzle with an area
ratio of 1.76. The stagnation pressure and the stagnation temperature are 200 kPa and 350
K, respectively. The duct has a length of 10.81 m and a diameter of 0.08 m, and it
discharges to a back pressure of 40 kPa. If the average friction factor in the duct is 0.001,
then determine the Mach number, the temperature and the pressure at the exit of the duct,
and also find the mass flow rate.
(Ans. 1.00, 291.7 K, 60.02 kPa, 1.234 kg/s)

11. Air enters a 15 cm diameter pipe at a pressure of 1.3 MPa and a temperature of 200C and
with a velocity of 60 m/s. Assuming that the friction factor is 0.004 and that the flow is
effectively isothermal, find the Mach number at a point in the pipe where the pressure is
300 kPa and the length of the pipe to this point. (Ans. 0.767, 179.1 m)

12. Consider subsonic air flow through a pipe with a diameter of 2.5 cm which is 3 m long. At
the inlet to the pipe, the pressure is 200 kPa and the Mach number is 0.35. If the mean value
of the friction factor is assumed to be equal to 0.006, determine the exit Mach number
assuming that the flow is isothermal. (Ans. 0.6399)

13. Air at a pressure of 550 kPa and a temperature of 300C flows through a pipe with a diameter
of 0.3 m and a length of 140 m. If the mass flow rate is at its maximum value, find,
assuming that the flow is isothermal and that the average friction factor is 0.0025, the Mach
number at the inlet to the pipe, and the mass flow rate through the pipe.(Ans. 0.3044, 47.45
kg/s)

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14. In long pipelines, such as those used to convey natural gas, the temperature of the gas can
usually be considered constant. In one such case, the gas leaves a pumping station at a
pressure of 320 kPa and a temperature of 25°C with a Mach number of' 0.10. At some other
point in the flow, the pressure is measured and found to be 130 kPa. Calculate the Mach
number of the flow at this section and determine how much heat has been added to or
removed from the gas per unit mass between the pumping station and the point where the
measurements are made. The gas can be assumed to have the properties of methane. (Ans.
4.95 kJ/kg)

QUIZ 8 BASED ON PROBLEMS 1 TO 7 WILL BE GIVEN ON DECEMBER 13,

2018 AT 11:15 a.m.