fom x : INTERNATIONAL Iso STANDARD ~ 4386-3 First edition 1992-02-15 ~ J Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings — Part 3: Non-destructive penetrant testing Paliers ilsses ~ Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches — Partie 3: Contréle non destructif par ressuage TISt Librar Howmamiasne IC ‘sootssia| Ss a Reference nuinber = 180 4396.3:1992/€)180 4366-3:1992(E) 8 Bee piper Foreword 'SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standarde bosise (I80 member boclies). The work ‘of proparing International Standards is normally carried out through |S echnical committees. Each member body inlerested in a subject for which a technical committee has boen established has the right !o be Fepresentod on that committee. International organizations, govern. ental and non-governmental, in tlaigon with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on ail matters of electrotechnical stenderdization Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting Publication 98 an inter- national Standard requires approval by et Isest 75% of the member bodies casting a vete, tternationsl Standard 180 4386-3 wes prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Sub-Committee SC 2. Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, tast methods and testing conditions. 180 4386 consists of the folfowing paris, under the general titke Plain bearings — Metallic nnuttitayer plain bearings: — Part 1: Nondestructive ultrasonte testing of bond — Part 2: Destructive testing of bond for bearingemetal layer thick= nesses groater then or equal fo 2 min — Part 3: Non-destructive penetrant testing Annex A forms an integral pari of this part of ISO 4386, Annex B is for information only. © 180 1992 . Al rights reserves. No part of tis puLtcstion may be reorosucad or utilized in any form oF by any mesrs, eleciranic er mechanical, ckclng phiotecopying and microti, without Permission in writng-frem the pubiisner > International Grgsnvzation ‘or Stendarcition 1 Case Postale 53+ cH-1911 Geneve 20 Switzerland Printed in Svitzerions“INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Plain bearings — Metal Part 3: Non-destructive penetrant testing fan os Mean, dio ~ 1 Scope This part of ISO 4386 specifies a nomdestiuctive Penotrant testing for determining bond defects and continulti@s In the sliding surface of the bearing, The penetration method is used 10 detect a) bond defects in the transitional area belween the bearing backing/bearlag material on the end faces and joint ‘aces of multilayer plein bearings which cannot be detected by the ultrasonic lest ing method specified in |80 4386-1; b) discontinuities in the sliding curiaee of the bear= ing. The penetration mathed is applicable, in principle, to finished multilayer plain bearings. ~ The bond test can be carried out only on cast multi layer plain bearings. 2 backing consisting of Stocl, cast steel or cast bronze. Bearing backinge which cannot be tin-piated, or only witi difficulty, Such a5 perlitic cast iron, ‘rusi-resisiant ste! and cast aluminium, cannot be tested since no bond is Possible between the beating matorial and bearing backing, 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, conslitute provisions: Of this part of ISO 4386. Al ihe time of publication, the edition indicsted was valid. All standards are subject 0 revision, and parties to agreemenis based on this-part of 180 4388 are encouraged to investi gale tHe possibility of applying the most recent edie tion of the standard indicated below Members of 1S0 4386-3:1902(£) WALINDUS TRIAL multilayer. plain bearings — IEC and ISO _meintsin registers of currently valid international Standards 180 4386-1-1992, Plain bearings — Metellic multilayer plain bearings ~ Pasi {. Non-destructive ultrsconic testing of bond, 3. Safety precautions As penotrant inspection techniques often require the use of dangerous, flammable and/or volatile ma- terials, the relevant accideal prevention, handling of dangarous substences and environmental pre- tection regulations shail be obeervad. 4 Preparation of test surface 44 General ‘The surfaces to be tested shall be free from residual metter to allow the penatrant to ingress in any dis: continuity. Adherent metal splinters and chips caused by machining shall be removed mechan. ically, and adherent oil and grease ramoved chemically, Finslly, the surface shall be thoroughly dried. at @ maximum temperature of 55 °C The test surtace shail have 2 surface roughness of Ry <5 um, 4.2 Mechanical pre-cleaning Rust etc, shall be removed by brushing, by griiding using an abrasive blasting process, or by similar methods. Care shall be taxen to ensure that the de fecis are not sealed by the pre-cleaning process. If necessary, etching’is recommended after the use of any mechehical method. The surface shall then De thoroughly rinsed and dried UzuUyBE 1 . -9 &A, 6ISG 4986-3:1992(e) 4.3 Chemical pre-cleaning ~ 3 Residual matter shall be removed by means of suit- able cleaning meterials, ¢.9, by degreasing solvents, etchants or paint strippers. After use, all traces of cleaning materials shall he removed completely from the test surface and from the discontinuities e.g. by rinsing the test surface, 44 Drying At the end of the pre-cteaning process, tha surfaces to be examines shail be dried so that no water or cleaning material remains in Iho discontinuities. 5 Application of penetran A penetrant which is removable by weler ot vent snail be used for the test. The test lempara- lure, Je. the temperature of the tect surface, shall be between 10 °C and 50 °C. NOTE1 A very viscous penetrant increasas tho cafety cof the Interim cleaning. 5.2 The penetrant shall be applied by immersing the bearing, or by means of a brush, or by spraying. The penetration time shall be 10 min to 60 min. With very viscous penetrante it shall be al least 20 min The surfaces to be examined shall be wotted con- tinuously during this time. 6 Removal of excess penetrant The penetrant shall be removed from the eurface by sing or spraying with water (without delergents) Ag a handspray with hydrostatic pressure of lose Sanan 2 bar, or by wiping with a cloth tightly moistened with a solvent appropriete to. the penetrant system, Excess washing is to be avoided by prechecking the procedure cn @ standard tes! sample. The water or solvent used to remove the penetrant shall have © maximum temperature of 50°C. 7 Application of the developer The developer shall be applied to the test surface immediately after the surface has been dried com- pletely. The developer is a powder in suspension in a Niquid and shall therefore be. carefully-agitated.or shaken before itis apple to the test suriacs. it may be ap- plied by méans of a spray gun or a spray can. it shall be applies in such s manner as to ensure a thin and i iS uniform film.*ihe coatinij THERTGES SF the developer shall be toss than 25 yim. In the case of fuorescent panetrants, the powder ‘may be applied in @ dust-siorm cabine! Since the penetrani dituses rapidly in the devel- ‘oper, the test surface shall be observad Immediately aaflor tho application of the developer for better in ferpretation of the indications as they develop. Comparison between the results znd ine acceptance Criteria shall be carried out within {0 min to €0 min A slight uniform discoloration i permissible 8 Inspection 8.1 Bond defects ‘Marks In the transitional area between the bearing bocking/bearing material on the end faces or joint faces of multilayer plain bearings shall be evaluated in accordance with ISO 4388-1, 8.2 Sliding surface Surface discontinuities such as deep tool marks or the breaking out of large crystals may leave marks which cannot be assessed. These surfaces shall be fetested after they have been carefully machined again. 'solated marks with dimensions nat exceading 4,5 mm shail be dicregarded The results of the surface Inspection shall be evalu: ated and classified by comparison with figures A2 10 AS. They specily five classes designaied 4 10 E, in decreasing order of quality (see annex A). ‘The reference surface used in the comparison may be square or rectangular. It shall have an area of om 9 Subsequent clea 9 After final inspection, subsequent cleening of the component is necessaiy only in those cases where the penetrant residues could interfere with subse- Quent processing or servies requirements, 10 Test report The result shall be recorded in a tes! report which shall include the following information. a), reference to this part of ISO 4988; b) dimensions and material of the plain bearing©) désignatich of the Lasting media used, together with the name of the manufacturer. !ype of prod Uct and batch number, 4) result of the tesiing of the bond in the transitional area between the bearing oseking/bearing mar ISO a3e6- 1992(E) terial, and an indication of ine perin'ssible and found defect group; ©) test result of the silding surface and indication of the permissible and found class; 8) place and date of inspection, and name of ine spector.ISO 49R6-3:1992(E) Annex A (normative) - Designation classes and acceptance criteria AA Goneral Figure A. shows types of mark 2 The surface tested shall be compared with figures A.2 to A.6 whiich each raprasent an arao of 1 dh * The sur- face tested may be square or rectangular, with a maximum side fenath of 250 mm The surface compered shall be the worst-alfected part of the area undor examination. a a t 2 sD eS) i 5 a oe i a a |e = <3 533 # 6 c= 2mm max. . 1 Round merk ‘1 Linear mest ! Linearly aligned marks. Figuro A.1 — MarksISO 4386-3:1992(6) A2 Class A acceptance criteria 2) No round mark with «> 3 mm. b) No Jinear marks, ©) No linearly aligned marks 4) No more then two merks, with a maximum total area of 6.8 mm?, ©) Maximum total area of marks: 10 mmtjdm®, Figure A.2 — Shape and location of marks — Class A+ iSO 4386-9:1992(E) A3 Class B acceptance crileria a) No round mark with a> 4mm. b) No linear marks, ) No linearly aligned marks 4d) No more than four marks, with a maximum total area of 16 mm’. ¢} Maximum total area of marks: 20 mm*/dm?, Figure A.J — Shape and location of marks — Class BISO 43a6-3:1992(E) AA Class C acceptance criteria a} No round mark with @>5 ram. bj No linear marks. ¢} No linearly aligned marks, 4] No more than six marks, with a maximum total area of 40 mm? e) Maximum total area of marks: 50 mm2/dm? Figure A.4 — Shape gnd location of marks — Class CAS Class D acceptance criteria * * 2) No round mark with @>6 mm. b) No linear marks, ¢) No linearly aligned marks with /> 10 mm. d) No more than 1 marks, with a maximum lolal area of 160 mm? fe) Maximum total area of marks: 125 mm?/dm?, Figure A.5 — Shape and location of marks — Ciass 0 toners oe Lk omy Fieger. {ene. 160 4986-9:1992(E) AG Class E acceptance criteria a) No round mark with @> 8 mm. b) No linear mark with a>? mm ©) No linearly aligned marks with > 18 mm, d) No more than 20 marks, with a maximum total area of 259 mm’, e) Maximum total area of marke: 250 mm’/dm*, e Figure A.6 — Shape and location of marks ~ Class £, $0 4986-3:1992(E) Annex B - (informative) Bibliography [1] 180 3452 1984, Non-desiructive testing — Penetrant inspection — General principles, [2] 180 2453:1984, Non-cesiructive testing — Liquid penetrant inspection — Means of verification. 10