“Arts of the Renaissance

and Baroque Periods”

Quarter 2
 Renaissance Period (1400- 1600)

• means rebirth
• flourished in the 1400s in the Florence, Italy
• the era of great creativity in painting, sculpture, and
literature
• the period of economic progress
• the period that revived enthusiasm for the study of
artistic values and ancient philosophy
 Renaissance Period (1400- 1600)

• the time when people rediscovered the glories of

ancient Greece and Rome
• an era of great intellectual and artistic achievement
with the birth of secular art
Characteristics of Renaissance Art
• Humanistic and realistic arts were the focus
• Accurate anatomy, scientific perspective, and
deeper landscape
• Renaissance art was also a rejection of medieval
themes or styles and is more secular, the emphasis
was on perspective, natural color, emotions, and
basic human nature.
Characteristics of Renaissance Art

• Most of the arts were optimistic and uplifting, the

details were considered extremely important, the
human body was glorified, and poses must be in
natural form.
• period of artistic experimentation that brought man
into full view just like the human figure in Greek Art.
Famous Renaissance Artists & Artworks
 Michelangelo di Lodovico
Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564)
 Michelangelo di Lodovico
Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564)
▪ an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet and
considered as the greatest living artist in his lifetime,
and one of the greatest artists of all time
▪ his works in paintings, sculpture, and architecture rank
among the famous in existence
▪ his outstanding works as a sculptor were the following:
Pieta, Bacchus, Moses, David, Dying Slave, Dawn
and Dusk.
 Michelangelo di Lodovico
Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564)

▪ The Pieta and David were the two of his best-known

works and were sculpted before he turned thirty
▪ the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and the Last
Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in
Rome are the two of the most influential works in
fresco in the history of Western art
“Pieta”
Leonardo di ser Piero
Da Vinci (1452-1519)
 Leonardo di ser Piero
Da Vinci (1452-1519)

• a painter, architect, scientist, and mathematician

• was popularized in present times through a novel
and movie entitled, “Da Vinci Code”
• known as the ultimate “Renaissance man” due to his
talent, intellect, interest, and his expression of
humanist and classical values
 Leonardo di ser Piero
Da Vinci (1452-1519)

• widely considered to be one of the greatest painters

of all time and the most diversely talented person to
have ever lived
• The Last Supper (the most reproduced religious
painting of all time), and the Mona Lisa (the most
famous and most parodied portrait) are his well-
known works
“Mona Lisa”
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino
(Raphael) (1483-1520)
 Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino
(Raphael) (1483-1520)
• an Italian painter and architect of the High
Renaissance period
• clarity of form and ease of composition and for its
visual achievement of interpreting the Divine and
incorporating Christian doctrines where his work was
admired for
• formed the traditional trinity of great masters
together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci
 Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino
(Raphael) (1483-1520)

• his unique draftsmanship and compositional skills

were his main contributions to art
• The Sistine Madonna, The School of Athens, and
The Transfiguration were his famous works
• his last painting was The Transfiguration which he
worked on up to his death
“The Transfiguration”
 Donato di Niccolo di Betto
Bardi (Donatello) (1386-1466)
 Donato di Niccolo di Betto
Bardi (Donatello) (1386-1466)

• an early Renaissance Italian sculptor from Florence

and one of the Italian great artists of the period
• known for his bas-relief work, a form of shallow
relief sculpture
• David, Statue of St. George, Equestrian Monument
of Gattamelata, Prophet Habacuc, and The Feast
of Herod were his statues and relief sculptures
 “David”

At the time it was created, it

was the first known free-
standing nude statue
produced since ancient times.
 Individual Activity 1:

“Royal Selfie”

Materials: picture, pencil, coloring materials

Oslo paper (Landscape/portrait with border lines)
d
Procedure:
1. Use your own picture pasted on the corner of the oslo paper.
2. Draw a self-portrait on the Oslo paper wearing Renaissance
costume.
3. Enhance your drawing by putting accessories on your portrait like
headdress, long hair, etc.
 Baroque Period (1600-1800)

✓ derived from the Portuguese word Barocco which

means “irregularly shaped pearl or stone”
✓ a period of artistic styles in exaggerated motion,
drama, tension, and grandeur
✓ the period that utilizes a lot of ornamentation and
uses exaggerated motion and contrast that leads
to a dramatic effect
 Baroque Period (1600-1800)

✓ reflects the tensions of the age by the Catholic

church in Rome
✓ medium for spreading the message of Counter-
Reformation
✓ use to propagate Christianity by the Roman
Catholic Church
✓ use for architecture and arts to impress visitors,
express triumph, power, and control by the aristocracy
 Characteristics of Baroque Art
• It was the period of artistic styles in an exaggerated
motion, tension, drama, and grandeur.
• Some Baroque arts were continuation of Classicism
and Naturalism of Renaissance art, characterized by
dynamic composition, a far more colorful style,
more ornate and more dramatic, experimental. It is
influenced by the developments in Science,
Geometry, and Astronomy.
Famous Baroque Artists & Artworks
 Michelangelo Merisi or
Amerighi da Caravaggio (1571-1610)
 Michelangelo Merisi or
Amerighi da Caravaggio (1571-1610)

• better known as Caravaggio, an Italian artist who

wanted to deviate from the classical masters of
the Renaissance
• his own actions and the lack of modesty and
reverence for religious subjects in his own
paintings made him an outcast in his society
 Michelangelo Merisi or
Amerighi da Caravaggio (1571-1610)
• he started out as a specialist in his paintings of still
life, especially of fruits
• studies of single figures followed, but they are
clumsier than the fruit which gives their savor of
originality and charm
• his models at this period were either himself or
young persons who have an air of being promising
but wicked
“Conversion of
St. Paul”
Peter Paul Rubens
(1577-1640)
 Peter Paul Rubens
(1577-1640)

• a Flemish Baroque painter

• paintings of mythical and figurative subjects,
landscapes, portraits, and Counter- Reformation
altarpieces where he is well known for
• religious subjects, history paintings of magical
creatures, and hunt scenes are his mostly
commissioned works
 Peter Paul Rubens
(1577-1640)

• Samson and Delilah, Landscape with a Tower,

Portrait of Helene Fourment, and The Three
Graces are his famous works
 “Portrait of
Helene Fourment”
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
(1598-1680)
 Gian Lorenzo Bernini
(1598-1680)
• the first Baroque Italian artist
• the last in the list of the dazzling universal geniuses
and a prodigy
• skillful in painting, sculpture, architecture, and
stage design
• he was also a playwright
• the first artworks date from his 8th birthday
 Gian Lorenzo Bernini
(1598-1680)
• The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a
Faun, Damned Soul, and The Blessed Soul were
among his early works
• made a sculpture of “David” for Cardinal Borghese
and is different from Michelangelo’s David
• the design of Piazza San Pietro in front of the
Basilica made him as the greatest Baroque sculptor
and architect
 Gian Lorenzo Bernini
(1598-1680)

• Piazza San Pietro, one of his most innovative and

successful architectural designs
• The famous “Ecstasy of St. Teresa” and the
Colonnade of the Piazza of St. Peter’s Rome were
his greatest achievements
“Ecstasy of St. Teresa”
Rembrandt Harmenszoon
van Rijn (1606-1669)
 Rembrandt Harmenszoon
van Rijn (1606-1669)
• a brilliant Dutch realist, painter, and etcher
• in European art, he was considered as one of the
greatest painters and printmakers
• fascinated with spiritual values and frequently
chooses religious subjects
• he shares with Rubens the revolution which
painting came to depict the more personal aspects
of the painter: his own home and his family
 Rembrandt Harmenszoon
van Rijn (1606-1669)

• he often painted himself

• his concept of himself continued to deepen in grasp
and subtlety, and his technique grew more daring
• popular work was “Self portrait in Old Age”
“Self-Portrait in Old Age”
Diego Velasquez
(1599- 1660)
 Diego Velasquez
(1599- 1660)

• an artist from Spain

• one of the finest Master of Composition and one of
the most important painters of the Spanish Golden
Age
• come out with solutions to pictorial problems of
design that transcend the style of any period
 Diego Velasquez
(1599- 1660)

• almost at the very start of his career, he discovered

his avocation
• passion for still life frequently emerges in his art
• The Surrender of Breda, Las Meninas (The maids
of honor), Los Barachos (The Drinker), and Maria
Theresa are his famous works
 “Las Meninas
(The Maids of Honour)”
 Characteristics of Art Forms
(Painting, Sculpture, Architecture)
During Renaissance and Baroque
Periods
Characteristics of Renaissance PAINTING

➢ Linear perspective, landscape,

light, anatomy, realism, figure
composition, real-life figures,
altarpieces, and Fresco cycles
➢ Example: The Transfiguration
Characteristics of Renaissance SCULPTURE

➢ Naturalism, naturalistic
portraits of human beings,
contemporary subjects,
proportions, drapery, anatomy,
perspective, re-emergence of
classical subjects and forms.
➢ Example: David
Characteristics of Renaissance ARCHITECTURE
➢ Symmetry and balance, flat
ceilings of buildings, used of
arches and domes, used of Roman
type columns, square or rectangle
symmetrical shapes buildings,
front or "façade" of the buildings
are symmetrical around the
vertical axis.
➢ Example: St. Peter’s Basilica
Characteristics of Baroque PAINTING

• mostly illustrated with the

Catholic dogma key elements,
either in Biblical works or an
imaginary or symbolic work
• The powerful use of chiaroscuro,
contrasting of light and shadow,
ranges
• Example: Self-Portrait
Characteristics of Baroque SCULPTURE

• The sculpture is marked by

dynamic movement along
with active use of space, and
typically larger than life-size.
Characteristics of Baroque SCULPTURE
• Stressed movement, figures
are caught mid-motion,
meant to be seen in the
ground, employ negative
space, texture is important
within marble materials, and
theatrical
• Example: David (Bernini)
Characteristics of Baroque ARCHITECTURE

• It was designed to create

spectacle and illusions,
replaces with flowing curves of
the Renaissance straight lines.
• Example: The Colonnade of
the Piazza of St. Peter’s Rome
Characteristics of Baroque ARCHITECTURE

• Symmetry still applies in architecture, religious

themes in classical style, ornate, rich, with lavish
decorations inside and outside part of the
architectural works, attempt to show Church power,
emotional and violent portrayals, strong contrast
between light and dark colors, uses Trompe l’oiel
(fool the eye) painted illusions.
The Influences of Iconic Artists
of the Renaissance and
Baroque Periods
Leonardo Da Vinci
✓ made remarkable contributions to engineering,
architecture, science, urban planning,
cartography, philosophy, and anatomy during
the Renaissance.
✓ He was also a master of painting techniques,
including that of chiaroscuro, which is the
treatment of the light and shade. Though he
did not invent this technique, he certainly
perfected it.
 Leonardo Da Vinci

✓ Leonardo da Vinci is also famous for using the

technique of Sfumato masterfully, which is
derived from the study of light and shade.
✓ Sfumato technique uses very fine transparent
pigments and a glazing medium that can flow
smoothly and spread easily. In addition to the
technique of superposing color layers, glazing
was also used to make the outline blurred.
Example of Sfumato:
 Michelangelo Buonarroti Simoni

✓ is a hugely influential painter and sculptor.

✓ He has a special interest in relief.
✓ Relief is a technique in sculpting that entails an
image into stone, so the image appears above the
background.
Example of Relief:
 Michelangelo Buonarroti Simoni

✓ He was also the one who brought the “Cangiante”

technique in painting. It is an Italian term which
means to change.
✓ Cangiante’s main purpose is to replace the
highlights and shades by using analogous colors as
long as the value and hue do not show a too big
difference when compared to the actual color.
Example of Cangiante:
Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio

✓ use live models, forgo drawings, and work

directly onto the canvas.
✓ Most of his themes or subject vividly expressed
crucial moments and scenes. He often features
violent struggles, torture, and death.
Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio

✓ In his painting, he used the chiaroscuro technique

and made it a dominant stylistic element in the
period.
✓ The word chiaroscuro came from the Italian word
Chiaro which means clear or bright, and Oscuro, a
Latin word meaning dark or obscure.
Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio

✓ Chiaroscuro technique darkens the shadows

and transfixing the subject in a blinding shaft
of light. It also uses light and shade to express
three-dimensional forms and space.
 Other Techniques and Styles used in
Renaissance and Baroque Periods

Unione is a technique in Renaissance painting where

the contours, outlines and edges of objects and space
meet and blend in a precise point yet remain visible to
the viewer. They are not too bold nor too blurred. It is
the point where the transition between the objects
and space is still recognizable.
Example:
 Other Techniques and Styles used in
Renaissance and Baroque Periods
Scumbling is a Baroque painting technique in which a
thin, translucent application of paint is vigorously
scrubbed into the canvas while allowing part of the
layer underneath to show through. This technique is
applied to visually soften or lighten the areas. It must
be done over a dry paint layer, and you typically apply
the paint unthinned, using a dry-brush technique.
Example:
 Other Techniques and Styles used in
Renaissance and Baroque Periods

Mannerism refers to a stylized, exaggerated

approach to painting and sculpture. It is named after
an Italian term Maniera which means style or manner.
It focuses on unnatural figures with very prominent
muscular bodies.
Example:
 Other Techniques and Styles used in
Renaissance and Baroque Periods

Tenebrism is a Baroque style of painting where there

is a violent contrast of light and dark, and darkness
becomes the dominating feature of an image. It came
from the Italian word tenebroso which means dark,
gloomy, or mysterious. Occasionally called as
dramatic illumination.
Example:
 Other Techniques and Styles used in
Renaissance and Baroque Periods

Rococo is an ornamental and theatrical style of

architecture, art and decoration. It is a combination of
scrolling curves, asymmetry, sculpted molding,
gilding, white and pastel colors, and trompe l’oeil
frescoes to create surprise and the illusion of motion
and drama.
Example:
The Influences of the Western
Classical Art Tradition to
Philippine Art Form
• Art forms in the Philippines are diverse due to traditions
and cultural influences.
• These foreign influences specifically the Western Art can
be seen in Philippine arts such as painting, dancing,
weaving, sculpting, and pottery. Western art made a
huge impact in terms of designs, motifs, techniques, and
styles.
• In the 16th century, the Baroque style was carried by the
Spanish and Portuguese to the Philippines where it
became the prominent style of building for large and
small churches.
• A proportionally very wide facade that seems to
stretch between the towers is often seen in the
large Baroque churches.
• At the same time, the Spaniards’ religious
propaganda to spread Catholicism throughout the
Philippines was done by means of paintings. These
paintings appeared mostly on the walls of the
church. They feature religious figures in Catholic
teachings.
• The historical and cultural traditions of the
Philippines are reflected in its architectural
heritage, such as the churches.
• The Philippine architecture was dominated by
Spanish influences over three hundred years of
colonization.
San Agustin Church, Manila
San Agustin Church,
Paoay, Ilocos Norte
Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church,
Miag-ao, Iloilo
Baclayon Church, Bohol
Mr. Jake Andrew A. Tolentino