Types of Natural Selection

effect of
The natural selection allele
frequencies depends the selection the population
-

on on
pressures acting on .

There 3 types selection disruptive selection

stabilising selection directional
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Directional Selection Disruptive selection ¥
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→
extreme
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Selection for individuals with
Selection against one extreme extreme

phenotypes .

phenotype .

phenotypes rather than those with

Preserves of of of
phenotype changes the
phenotypes phenotypes around the
'

mean
average a
•

population by favouring average population by favouring phenotypes

the population .

of selection
individuals . that
vary
in one direction from the
-
The opposite stabilising
mean of the
population .

Example : Fur
length in mammals

( SPEC EXAMPLE : Human birth rates ) Example : Bird Beak Size

Example : Cheetah speeds
Optimum fur
( SPEC Example : Antibiotic
I resistance )
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1-
of fur
Initially wide
range length .
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small
1 >

fur
1 large
Extreme lengths are maintained beak size
slow fast
by rapid breeding in
years
when
speed
average temperature is warmer or

colder 1
Individuals that have alleles for 1 Birds with and small beak
.
large
2 When temperature is
consistently increased speed are more likely to alleles more likely to survive as

around 10°C individuals with catch than slower individuals environment of

, very prey . consists
only large
long or
very short fur are
2 More likely to survive ,
reproduce and and small seeds .

from alleles More

likely
2 to
eliminated population .

pass on their . survive,

reproduce
3
Frequency of alleles for high speed and
pass
on their alleles .

increases .
3
Frequency of alleles for large and

small beaks increases .