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Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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I undertook this Project work, as the part of my XII ‘Informatics
Practices’ course. I had tried to apply my best of knowledge and
experience, gained during the study and class work experience.
However, developing software system is generally a quite complex
and time-consuming process. It requires a systematic study, insight
vision and professional approach during the design and
development. Moreover, the developer always feels the need, the
help and good wishes of the people near you, who have
considerable experience and idea.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks and gratitude to my
teacher Mr. Subrat Kumar Dash. I am very much thankful to our
Principal Mrs. Sujata Lenka for giving valuable time and moral
support to develop this software.
Name-XXXXXXX
Roll no.-XXXXXX
Class-XII
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 INTRODUCTION 04
03 FLOW CHART 15
04 TESTING 16
06 SOURCE CODE 20
07 OUTPUT 31
08 REFERNCE 39
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RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
The railway reservation system is basically a database based project
done with help of python language. This project is very use full for the people
to book or cancel train tickets by sitting at home with one cell phone in their
hand. This project can be modified for various reservations.
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without malfunctioning and greater efficiency so to replace the unending
heaps of flies with a much sophisticated hard disk of the computer.
One has to use the data management software. Software has been an
ascent in atomization various organisations. Many software products
working are now in markets, which have helped in making the organizations
work easier and efficiently. Data management initially had to maintain a lot
of ledgers and a lot of paper work has to be done but now software product
on this organization has made their work faster and easier. Now only this
software has to be loaded on the computer and work can be done.
This prevents a lot of time and money. The work becomes fully
automated and any information regarding the organization can be obtained
by clicking the button. Moreover, now it’s an age of computers of and
automating such an organization gives the better look.
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The systems development life cycle is a project management
technique that divides complex projects into smaller, more easily managed
segments or phases. Segmenting projects allows managers to verify the
successful completion of project phases before allocating resources to
subsequent phases.
Software development projects typically include initiation, planning,
design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance phases.
However, the phases may be divided differently depending on the
organization involved.
For example, initial project activities might be designated as request,
requirements-definition, and planning phases, or initiation, concept-
development, and planning phases. End users of the system under
development should be involved in reviewing the output of each phase to
ensure the system is being built to deliver the needed functionality.
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- INITIATION PHASE
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alternative solutions and detail as many informational, functional, and
network requirements as possible.
• SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PHASE
The System Concept Development Phase begins after a business need or
opportunity is validated by the Agency/Organization Program Leadership
and the Agency/Organization CIO.
The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase is to:
• Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the alternatives.
• Identify system interfaces.
• Identify basic functional and data requirements to satisfy the business
need.
• Establish system boundaries; identify goals, objectives, critical success
factors, and performance measures.
• Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to satisfy the
basic functional requirements
• Assess project risks
• Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions, and Develop high-level
technical architecture, process models, data models, and a concept of
operations. This phase explores potential technical solutions within
the context of the business need.
• It may include several trade-off decisions such as the decision to use
COTS software products as opposed to developing custom software or
reusing software components, or the decision to use an incremental
delivery versus a complete, onetime deployment.
• Construction of executable prototypes is encouraged to evaluate
technology to support the business process. The System Boundary
Document serves as an important reference document to support the
Information Technology Project Request (ITPR) process.
• The ITPR must be approved by the State CIO before the project can
move forward.
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• PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF SDLC:
- PLANNING PHASE
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assurance planning, concept of operations, system security, verification and
validation, and systems engineering management planning.
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Document is created to serve as the Critical/Detailed Design for the
system.
• This document receives a rigorous review byAgency technical and
functional representatives to ensure that it satisfies the business
requirements. Concurrent with the development of the system design,
the Agency Project Manager begins development of the
Implementation Plan, Operations and Maintenance Manual, and the
Training Plan.
• DEVELOPMENT PHASE
The development phase involves converting design specifications
into executable programs. Effective development standards include
requirements that programmers and other project participants discuss
design specifications before programming begins. The procedures help
ensure programmers clearly understand program designs and functional
requirements. Programmers use various techniques to develop computer
programs. The large transaction oriented programs associated with
financial institutions have traditionally been developed using procedural
programming techniques. Procedural programming involves the line-by-
line scripting of logical instructions that are combined to form a program.
Effective completion of the previous stages is a key factor in the success
of the Development phase. The Development phase consists of:
• Translating the detailed requirements and design into system
components.
• Testing individual elements (units) for usability.
• Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system.
• IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted
by the user. In this phase, the system is installed to support the intended
business functions. System performance is compared to performance
objectives established during the planning phase. Implementation includes
user notification, user training, installation of hardware, installation of
software onto production computers, and integration of the system into
daily work processes. This phase continues until the system is operating in
production in accordance with the defined user requirements.
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FLOW CHART
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TESTING
Software Testing is an empirical investigation conducted to provide
stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service
under test, with respect to the context in which it is intended to operate.
Software Testing also provides an objective, independent view of the
software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks at
implementation of the software. Test techniques include, but are not limited
to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of
finding software bugs.
It can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a
software program/application/product meets the business and technical
requirements that guided its design and development, so that it works as
expected and can be implemented with the same characteristics. Software
Testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at
any time in the development process, however the most test effort is
employed after the requirements have been defined and coding process has
been completed.
TESTING METHODS
Software testing methods are traditionally divided into black box
testing and white box testing. These two approaches are used to describe
the point of view that a test engineer takes when designing test cases.
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SPECIFICATION-BASED TESTING
Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software
according to the applicable requirements.[16] Thus, the tester inputs data
into, and only sees the output from, the test object. This level of testing
usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then
can simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behaviour),
either "is" or "is not" the same as the expected value specified in the test case.
Specification-based testing is necessary, but it is insufficient to guard against
certain risks
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
The black box tester has no "bonds" with the code, and a tester's
perception is very simple: a code must have bugs. Using the principle, "Ask
and you shall receive," black box testers find bugs where programmers don't.
But, on the other hand, black box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a
dark labyrinth without a flashlight," because the tester doesn't know how
the software being tested was actually constructed.
That's why there are situations when a black box tester writes many
test cases to check something that can be tested by only one test case, and/or
some parts of the back end are not tested at all. Therefore, black box testing
has the advantage of "an unaffiliated opinion," on the one hand, and the
disadvantage of "blind exploring," on the other.
WHITE BOX TESTING
White box testing, by contrast to black box testing, is when the tester
has access to the internal data structures and algorithms (and the code that
implement these)
Types of white box testing:-
The following types of white box testing exist:
• API testing - Testing of the application using Public and Private
APIs.
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• Code coverage - creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code
coverage.
For example, the test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the
program to be executed at least once.
• Fault injection methods.
• Mutation testing methods.
• Static testing - White box testing includes all static testing.
CODE COMPLETENESS EVALUATION
White box testing methods can also be used to evaluate the completeness of
a test suite that was created with black box testing methods. This allows the
software team to examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and
ensures that the most important function points have been tested.
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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
• Windows OS
• Python
• MySQL connector module
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SOURCE CODE
FILE NAME : TABLES
import mysql.connector
mycon=mysql.connector.connect(host='localhost',user='
root',passwd='manager')
cursor=mycon.cursor()
mycon.autocommit=True
s1="create database railway"
cursor.execute(s1)
s1="create table railway(name varchar(100),phno
varchar(15) primary key,age int(4),gender
varchar(50),from_f varchar(100),to_t
varchar(100),date_d varchar(20))"
cursor.execute(s1)
s1="create table user_accounts(fname
varchar(100),lname varchar(100),user_name
varchar(100) ,password varchar(100) primary
key, phno varchar(15),gender
varchar(50),dob varchar(50),age
varchar(4))"
cursor.execute(s1)
def menu():
print('1.YES')
print('2.NO')
ch=int(input('DO YOU WANT TO CONTINUE OR NOT:'))
while ch==1:
print('WELECOME TO ONLINE RAILWAY RESERVATION
SYSTEM’)
print('1.SIGN IN')
print('2.SIGN UP')
print('3.DELETE ACCOUNT')
print('4.EXIT')
ch1=int(input('ENTER YOUR CHOICE:'))
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if ch1==1:
a=checking()
if a==True:
print('WELCOME')
main()
else:
continue
elif ch1==2:
a=checking_1()
if a==True:
main()
else:
print('PASSWORD ALREADY EXISTS')
continue
elif ch1==3:
c=checking_2()
if c==True:
print('ACCOUNT DELETED’)
continue
else:
print('YOUR PASSWAORD OR USER_NAME IS
INCORRECT')
continue
elif ch1==4:
print('THANK YOU')
break
else:
print('ERROR 404:PAGE NOT FOUND')
break
def main():
print('1.yes')
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print('2.no')
c=int(input("do you want to continue or not:")
while (c==1):
print(' 1.TICKET BOOKING',"\n", '2.TICKET
CHECKING',"\n",'3.TICKET,
CANCELLING'"\n",'4.ACCOUNT
DETAILS',"\n",'5.LOG OUT')
ch=int(input('enter ur choice:'))
if ch==1:
ticket_booking()
elif ch==2:
ticket_checking()
elif ch==3:
ticket_cancelling()
elif ch==4:
checking_3()
elif ch==5:
print('THANK YOU')
break
else:
print('ERROR 404: ERROR PAGE NOT FOUND')
def ticket_booking():
import mysql.connector
Mycon=mysql.connector.connect (host='localhost',
User='root', passwd='manager',
database='railway')
Cursor=mycon.cursor ()
mycon.autocommit=True
nm=input('enter your name:')
phno=input('enter your phone number:')
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age=int(input('enter your age:'))
print(' M=MALE','\n','F=FEMALE','\n','N=NOT TO
MENTION')
gender=input('enter your gender:')
Gender=gender.upper()
fr=input('enter ur starting point:')
to=input('enter your destination:')
date1=input('enter date(dd):')
date2=input('enter month(mm):')
date3=input('enter year(yyyy):')
date=date1+"/"+date2+"/"+date3
a={'M':'MALE','F':'FEMALE','N':'NOT TO MENTION'}
v=a[Gender]
s1="insert into railway values
('{}',{},{},'{}','{}','{}','{}')".format(nm,phno,age,
v,fr,to,date)
cursor.execute(s1)
print('BOOKED SUCCESSFULLY')
def ticket_checking():
import mysql.connector
mycon=mysql.connector.connect(host='localhost',user='
root',passwd='manager',database='railway')
cursor=mycon.cursor()
mycon.autocommit=True
print('1.yes')
print('2.no')
ch=int(input("do you want to continue or not:"))
if ch==1:
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phno=int(input('enter your phnone number:'))
try:
s1="select * from railwaywhere phno=phno"
cursor.execute(s1)
data=cursor.fetchall()[0]
Data=list(data)
a=['NAME','PHONE,NUMBER','AGE','GENDER','STARTING
POINT','DESTINATION','DATE',]
print(a[0],'::::',Data[0].upper())
print(a[1],'::::',Data[1])
print(a[2],'::::',Data[2])
print(a[3],'::::',Data[3].upper())
print(a[4],'::::',Data[4].upper())
print(a[5],'::::',Data[5].upper())
print(a[6],'::::',Data[6])
except:
print('TICKET DOES NOT EXISTS')
elif ch==2:
print('THANK YOU')
else:
print('ERROR 404:PAGE NOT FOUND')
def ticket_cancelling():
import mysql.connector
mycon=mysql.connector.connect(host='localhost',user='
root',passwd='manager',database='railway')
cursor=mycon.cursor()
mycon.autocommit=True
print('1.yes')
print('2.no')
ch=int(input("do you want to continue or not:"))
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if ch==1:
phno=input('enter your phone number:')
s1="delete from railway where phno=phno"
cursor.execute(s1)
print('TICKET CANCELLED')
elif ch==2:
print('THANK YOU')
else:
print('ERROR 404:PAGE NOT FOUND')
def checking_2():
import mysql.connector
mycon=mysql.connector.connect(host='localhost',user='
root',passwd='manager',database='railway')
cursor=mycon.cursor()
mycon.autocommit=True
a=input('USER NAME:')
b=input('PASS WORD:')
try:
s1="select user_name from user_accounts where
password='{}'".format(b)
cursor.execute(s1)
data=cursor.fetchall()[0]
data=list(data)
if data[0]==a:
print('
IS THIS YOUR ACCOUNT')
s1="select user_name from user_accounts
where password='{}'".format(b)
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c1="select fname,lname from
user_accounts where password='{}'".format(b)
cursor.execute(c1)
data1=cursor.fetchall()[0]
data1=list(data1)
data1=data1[0]+' '+data1[1]
cursor.execute(s1)
data=cursor.fetchall()[0]
data=list(data)
if data[0]==a:
x=['FIRST NAME','LAST NAME','PHONE
NUMBER','GENDER','DATE OF BIRTH','AGE']
s1="select
fname,lname,phno,gender,dob,age from user_accounts
where password='{}'".format(b)
cursor.execute(s1)
data=cursor.fetchall()[0]
data=list(data)
print(x[0],':::',data[0])
print(x[1],':::',data[1])
print(x[2],':::',data[2])
print(x[3],':::',data[3])
print(x[4],':::',data[4])
print(x[5],':::',data[5])
print('1.yes')
print('2.no')
vi=int(input('enter your choice:'))
if vi==1:
b1="delete from user_accounts
where password = '{}'".format(b)
cursor.execute(b1)
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return True
elif vi==2:
print('SORRY,RETRY')
else:
print('ERROR 404:PAGE NOT FOUND')
else:
return False
except:
print('ACCOUNT DOES NOT EXIST')
def checking_1():
import mysql.connector
mycon=mysql.connector.connect(host='localhost',use
r='root',passwd='manager',database='railway')
cursor=mycon.cursor()
mycon.autocommit=True
f=input("FIRST NAME:")
l=input("LAST NAME:")
a=input('USER NAME:')
b=input('PASS WORD:')
c=input('RE-ENTER YOUR PASS WORD:')
ph=input("PHONE NUMBER:")
print(' M=MALE','\n','F=FEMALE','\n','N=NOT TO
MENTION')
gen=input('ENTER YOUR GENDER:')
print("ENTER YOR DATE OF BIRTH")
d=input("DD:")
o=input("MM:")
p=input("YYYY:")
dob=d+'/'+o+'/'+p
age=input('YOUR AGE:')
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v={'m':'MALE','f':'FEMALE','n':'NOT TO MENTION'}
if b==c:
try:
c1="insert into user_accounts
values('{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}','{}')".form
at(f,l,a,b,ph,v[gen],dob,age)
cursor.execute(c1)
print('WELCOME',f,l)
return True
except:
print('PASSWORD ALREADY EXISTS')
return False
else:
print('BOTH PASSWORDS ARE NOT MATCHING')
def checking():
import mysql.connector
mycon=mysql.connector.connect(host='localhost',user='
root',passwd='manager',database='railway')
cursor=mycon.cursor()
mycon.autocommit=True
a=input('USER NAME:')
b=input('PASS WORD:')
try:
s1="select user_name from user_accounts where
password='{}'".format(b)
c1="select fname,lname from user_accounts
where password='{}'".format(b)
cursor.execute(c1)
data1=cursor.fetchall()[0]
data1=list(data1)
data1=data1[0]+' '+data1[1]
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cursor.execute(s1)
data=cursor.fetchall()[0]
data=list(data)[0]
if data==a:
print(' HII ',data1)
return True
else:
return False
except:
print('ACCOUNT DOES NOT EXIST')
def checking_3():
import mysql.connector
mycon=mysql.connector.connect(host='localhost',user='
root',passwd='manager',database='railway')
cursor=mycon.cursor()
mycon.autocommit=True
a=input('USER NAME:')
b=input('PASS WORD:')
try:
s1="select user_name from user_accounts where
password='{}'".format(b)
c1="select fname,lname from user_accounts
where password='{}'".format(b)
cursor.execute(c1)
data1=cursor.fetchall()[0]
data1=list(data1)
data1=data1[0]+' '+data1[1]
cursor.execute(s1)
data=cursor.fetchall()[0]
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data=list(data)
if data[0]==a:
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OUTPUT
CHOICE WINDOW
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IF CHOICE IS 2 (SIGN UP WINDOW)
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IF CHOICE IS 3(DELETE ACCOUNT)
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IF CHOICE IS 4(EXIT)
IF CHOICE IS 5 OR MORE
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IF CHOICE IS 1(TICKET BOOKING)
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IF CHOICE IS 2(TICKET CHECKING)
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IF CHOICE IS 3(TICKET CANCELLING)
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IF CHOICE IS 5(LOG OUT)
IF CHOICE IS 5 OR MORE
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References
In order to work on this project titled- Railway Reservation
System , the following books and literature are referred me
during various phases of development of the project.
1) MySQL,
2) Anjeev Academy
3) https://www.mysql.org/
4) Informatics Practiced for class XII
- By Sumita Arora
5) Various Websites of Discussion Forum and Software
development activities.
Other than the above- mentioned books, the suggestions and
supervision of my teacher and my class experience also helped
me to develop this software projects
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